NGHIÊN CỨU ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA THUỐC BẢO VỆ THỰC VẬT ĐẾN SINH TRƯỞNG PHÁT TRIỂN GIỐNG QUÝT NGỌT KHÔNG HẠT (Citrus unshiu Marc) TRONG GIAI ĐOẠN KIẾN THIẾT CƠ BẢN TẠI BẮC KẠN

Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (268 KB, 6 trang )

(1)<div class='page_container' data-page=1>

STUDY THE EFFECT OF PESTICIDE ON VEGETATIVE GROWTH AND

FRUIT YIELD OF MANDARIN CITRUS SEEDLESS (Citrus unshiu Marc) IN

BASIC DESIGN PERIOD AT BAC KAN PROVINCE

Luan Thi Dep, Nguyen Minh Tuan*, Ha Minh Tuan, Hua Thi Toan

TNU - University of Agriculture and Forestry

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of pesticide on vegetative growth and fruit quality
of sweet seedless mandarin one year old at Bac Kan province in 2017-2018. The experiment
consits of three treatments was designed in Randomized Complete Block Design with three
replications. Agronomy of tree and shoot as well as fruit quality was recorded. The results showed
that T2 treatment (Trebon 10 EC) had the best results in vegetative growth and fruit quality than

the other treatments. It was concluded that application of T2 treatment have increasing vegetative

growth, fruit quality and reduce insect pest, deseases for sweet seedles mandarin under field
conditions.

Keywords: Pesticide, Trebon 10 EC, Newsgard 75 WP, Sweet seedless Mandarin 
INTRODUCTION*

Citrus belongs to the family Rutaceae and itt
is a major fruit crop grown worldwide and is
mainly cultivated in parts of tropical and
subtropical regions of the world
(Afreh-Nuamah K., 1985) [2], and even humid
regions need supplemental irrigation to
enhence their fruit yield (Carol and Faber,

2008) [4]. The top five citrus producing
countries include Brazil, US, China, Mexico
and India which produce 20, 14, 12, 6 and 5%
respectively (UNCTAD-FAO 2005) [6].
Batool et al., (2007) [3] reported that citrus
diseases has emerged as potential threat to
citrus productivity globally. Citrus plant is
attacked by number of diseases like citrus
canker, gummosis, citrus decline, CTV, and
greening. Lack of information about control
of diseases and plant protection measures on
the part of citrus growers are other factors that
affect the production and quality of citrus
fruit (Tariq et al., 2007) [5]. Akhtar and
Ahmed (1999) [1] noted severe loss of citrus
due to these diseases like 22% in Kinnow,
25–40% in sweet orange, 15% in grapefruit,
10% in sweet lime, and 2% lemon. The low
per hectare yield may be attributed to lack of
effective control of insect/pests like citrus leaf

Tel: 0915 702128, Email:

minor, mealy bug, red scales, mites, termites,
aphids and jassids, fruit fly and diseases like
root rot, sudden death, wither tip and citrus
canker. In addition, large amounts of

chemicals are employed in the management
of insect pests and diseases. Mentioned
production gap is associated with several
factors like most dominant factor insect pests
and diseases. Although there are many reports
on the effect of pesticide in contron insect and
pest on various mandarins cultivars in
Vietnam, however additionally the
information effect of chemical pesticide on
growth and development in sweet seedless
mandarin (Citrus unshiu Marc) so far lacking. 
Therefore, the aim of this study was to
evaluate the ffect of pesticide on vegetative
growth and fruit development in sweet
seedless mandarin under field conditions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS

Experiment treatment

</div>
(2)<div class='page_container' data-page=2>

Spray water (control); T2: Spray Trebon 10

EC; T3: Spray Newsgard 75 WP. The pesticie

was applied at the same time shoot innitial
and development stage on windless mornings
with a truck- mounted motorized sprayed
until dripoff

Data Collection

Number of shoot per tree was determiner by
choosing randomly 3 trees and the number of
shoot were counted. Later shoot maturite
(length and diameter) were measured with
vernier calipers. Leaf number per shoot was
evaluating by choosing randomly 4 shoots on
each tagged tree and the number of leaf were
counted. At harvesting, final fruit height, fruit
diameter was determined with the help of
Vernier caliper. Average fruit weight, flesh
fruit weight, peels fruit weight was
determined by weighing. Total soluble solid
(TSS) were measured by using a hand
refractometer (ATAGO Co. LTD., Tokyo,
Japan) juice was squeezed from the fresh-cut
sweed seedless mandarin and the result was
expressed as oBrix.

Statistical analysis

The data obtained from the study were
analyzed using SAS 6.12 statistical software.
The least significant difference was calculated
following a significance F-test (at p≤ 0.05)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Effect of pesticide on vegetative growth of 
madarin sweet seedless tree

The results in Table 1 showed that there was

no significant different plant height, tree
canopy diameter among treatment (p <0.05).
In the same table data showed that, there was
significant different number of brandches
level 1 between treatments (p<0.05). In
contract, application of T3 treatment produced

the highest value of 4.22 number of brandches
level 1/tree, whereas the contron treatment
gave the lowest value (3.11 branches/tree).
For the number of branches level 2, the
results in Table 1 indicated that there was no
significant different among treatment (p
<0.05). This result was recored in the case of
2017. In 2018, the results summarized in
Table 1 showed that application of T3

treatment produced the maximum plant height
with value of 176.67 cm, whereas the lowest
plant height was found in control treatment
with value of 163.56 cm. Moreover, results in
Table 1 also showed that T3 treatment

application gave the highest tree canopy
diameter (108.28 cm), follow by the other
treatments, whereas the lowest tree canopy
diameter (102.67 cm) recorded in untreated
control, although the difference was not
statistically significant (p<0.05). Results in
Table 1 also showed that there was significant

different among treatment in branches level 2
numbers per tree. In whichs, application of T2

treatment gave the highest value (61.78
number of branches level 2/tree), whereas the
lowest (48.44 number of branches level
2/tree) was recorded in control treatment.
Table 1. Effect of pesticide on vegetative growth of sweet seedless madarin cultivar

Year Treatment Plant height 
(cm)

Tree canopy 
diameter (cm)

No.brandches 
level 1 
(branch/tree)

No. branches 
level 2 
(branch/tree)

2017

T1 133.78a 85.39a 3.11c 9.11a

T2 138.89a 99.28a 3.89b 10.11a

T3 143.33a 100.44a 4.22a 10.89a

P >0.05 >0.05 <0.05 >0.05

LSD.05 - - 0.2 -

2018

T1 163.56b 102.67a * 48.44b

T2 167.0b 105.94a * 61.78a

T3 176.67a 108.28a * 49.0b

P <0.05 >0.05 <0.05

LSD.05 10.1 - 7.62

</div>
(3)<div class='page_container' data-page=3>

Effect of pesticide on number of shoot in 
sweet seedless madarin cultivar

As shown in Table 2 indicated that there was
significantly different spring shoot number
for all treatment in this study. In term, the T3

treatment had the highest value of 9.8 shoots
number per tree, followed by T2 treatment

with value 7.8 shoots number per tree,
whereas the lowest value of 6.4 numbers of
shoots per tree recorded in control treatment,

which was found in the case of 2017.
However, in 2018 the same data in Table 2
showed that there was no significant different
spring shoot number among treatment as
compare to untreated control (p<0.05).
Moreover, the results in Table 2 showed that
there was significantly different summer
shoots number in all treatment. In term, T3

treatmend had the maximum value (12.9
shoots number per tree), followed by T2 with

value of 9.7 shoots number per tree. The

minimum summer shoot number with value
of 8.4 (shoots number per tree) was recorded
in control treatment, which was found in the
case of 2017 study. However, in 2018 the
results summarized in Table 2 showed that,
there was no significant different summer
shoot number among treatments as compared
to untreated control (p<0.05). For autumn
shoot number in the case of 2017, the highest
shoots number/tree (14.2) was observed at T3

treatment application, followed by T2

treatment application, whereas the control
treatment had the lowest value of 10.0 shoots
number/tree. However, there was no

significant different autumn shoot number
among treatment as compare to untreated
control (p<0.05), which was found in the case
of 2018 (Table 2).

Effect of pesticide on shoot character of 
mandarin sweet seedless cultivar

Table 2. Effect of pesticide on number of shoot in madarin sweet seedless cultivar 
Year Treatment Spring shoot

number/tree

Summer shoot 
number/tree

Autumn shoot 
number/tree

2017

T1 6.4b 8.4b 10.0b

T2 7.8b 9.7b 12.4ab

T3 9.8a 12.9a 14.2a

P <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

LSD.05 1.5 2.4 2.6

2018

T1 67.6a 71.8a 67.7a

T2 70.1

a 79.8a 70.6a

T3 72.2

85.9a 72.2a

P >0.05 >0.05 >0.05

LSD.05 - - -

*Means followed by different letter are significantly different within columns by Duncan’s multiple range 
test, P ≤ 0.05

Table 3. Effect of pesticide on shoot character of mandarin sweet seedless cultivar

Year Treatment

Spring shoot Summer shoot Aurtum shoot

Shoot 
length

(cm)

Shoot 
diameter

(cm)

Leaf 
number/

shoot 
(leaf)

Shoot 
length 
(cm)

Shoot 
diameter

(cm)

Leaf 
number/

shoot 
(leaf)

Shoot 
length

(cm)

Shoot 
diameter

(cm)

Leaf 
number/

shoot 
(leaf)

2017

T1 12.17b 0.37 6.42a 21.25b 0.28 13.75a 18.09b 0.44 11.75a

T2 14.25

0.37 7.50a 22.75a 0.36 14.33a 19.93a 0.44 11.92a

T3 16.25

0.38 7.67a 23.33a 0.37 16.08a 20.97a 0.48 12.83a

P <0.05 >0.05 <0.05 >0.05 <0.05 >0.05

LSD.05 2.2 - 1.0 - 1.5 -

2018

T1 11.44

0.34 11.00a 16.32b 0.36 10.42b 14.63b 0.42 9.92c

T2 13.78a 0.37 11.25a 18.29a 0.40 11.17b 16.98a 0.39 12.42a

T3 14.99a 0.38 11.67a 19.93a 0.44 12.42a 15.63b 0.35 10.50b

P <0.05 >0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05 <0.05

LSD.05 1.8 - 1.9 0.8 1.1 0.5

</div>
(4)<div class='page_container' data-page=4>

The results in Table 3 showed that there was
significantly shoot length for all treatment in
the case of spring shoot in 2017 and 2018. In
which, the lowest shoot length with value of
12.17 cm in 2017 and 11.44 cm in 2018 was
found in the control treatment, while the
highest shoot length with value of 16.25 cm
in 2017 and 14.99 cm in 2018 was observed
in T3 treatment. The same was also observed

concerning the shoot leng in the case of

summer shoot, the results showed that the
highest shoot length 23.33 cm in 2017 and
19.93 cm in 2018 was obtained with T3

treatment application, followed by T2

treatment application in 2017 and 2018 with
value (22.75 cm and 18.29 cm, respectively),
while the lowest value of 21.25 cm and 16.32
cm in 2017 and 2018, respectively was found
in untreated control. Moreover, the results in
Table 3 showed that there was significantly
diferent aurtumn shoot length for all treatment
in 2017 and 2018. In which, T3 treatment

application gave the highest shoot length with
value of 20.97 cm whereas the control
treatment produced the lowest shoot length
(18.09 cm), which was achieved in the case of
autumn shoot in 2017. However, in 2018, the
results in Table 3 indicated that the maximum
shoot length (16.98 cm) was recorded in T2

treatment application, whereas the control
treatment showed the minimum shoot length
(14.63 cm).

For the shoot diameter the results in Table 3
showed that T3 treatment application gave the

highest value of 0.38 cm in both 2017 and
2018, whereas the lowest shoot diameter with
value of 0.37 cm in 2017 and 0.34 cm in 2018
was found in control treatment, which was
achieved in the case of spring shoot. In the
same table data showed that in the case of
summer shoot, the T3 treatment application

also produced the maximum shoot diameter
with value of 0.37 cm in 2017 and 0.44 cm in
2018, while minimum shoot diameter with
value of 0.28 cm in 2017 and 0.36 cm in 2018

was recorded in control treatment. For the
autumn shoot case, in 2017 the highest value
shoot diameter (0.48 cm) was achieved in T3

treatment application, whereas the lowest
value of shoot diameter (0.44 cm) was found
in untreated control. Furthermore, in 2018 the
lowest value of shoot diameter (0.42 cm) was
recorded in control treatment, whereas the
lowest shoot diameter with value of 0.35 cm
was achieved in T3 treatment application.
From the results showed in Table 3 there was
no significantly number of leaf per shoot for
all treatment as compared untreated control in
the case of spring shoot in 2017 and 2018.
However, in the case of summer shoot in
2017 the results in Table 3 indicated that the

highest value of 16.08 leaf number per tree
was achieved in T3 treatment application,

whereas the control treatment has the lowest
value of 13.75 leaf number per tree, although
the difference was not statistically significant
(p<0,05). However, in summer shoot in 2018
the results showed that there was significant
number of leaf per shoot among treatments
(p<0.05). In term, application of T3 treatment

gave the highest value (12.42 number of
leaf/shoot), whereas the lowest (10.42 number
of leaf/shoot) was found in untreated control.
For the autumn shoot, the same data in table
showed that there was no significantly leaf
number per shoot for all treatment as compared
untreated control in 2017. However in 2018, the
results in Table 3 indicated there was significant
different among treatment in leaf number per
shoot in autumn shoot case. In whichs,
application of T2 treatment gave the highest

value of 12.42 leaf number/shoot, whereas the
lowest value of 9.92 leaf number/shoot was
recorded in control treatment.

Effect of pesticide on fruit character and 
yield of mandarin sweet seedless cultivar

</div>
(5)<div class='page_container' data-page=5>

treatment application, followed by T3

treatment application, whereas the control
treatment produced the lowest value (124.3
g/fruit). For the fruit size, the highest fruit
length with value of 5.6 cm was obtained in
control treatment whereas the lowest value
(5.3 cm) of fruit length was recorded in T3

treatment application. However, in fruit
diameter, the T2 treatment application gave

the maximum value of 6.7 cm, while the
control treatment produced the minimum fruit
diamter with value of 6.3 cm.

The results in Table 4 also showed that T2

treatment application gave the highest flesh
fruit weight (99.7 g/fruit), followed by T3

treatment application with value of 98.7
g/fruit, whereas the control treatment had the
lowest flesh fruit weight which recorded as
91.4 g/fruit. The same data in Table 4 showed
that the lowest peel fruit weight (29.9 g/fruit)
was found in T3 treatment application, while

the highest peel fruit weight (34.3 g/fruit) was
observed in untreated control. For the number

of seed per fruit, the results in table showed
that there was no seed number in all
treatment. However, the results in Table 4
also indicated that the highest value of

8.230birx was obtained in T2 treatment

application, whereas the lowest value of
7.90brix was found in control treatment.

Effect of pesticide on percentage rate of 
insect pest and deseases appear

The results in Table 5 showed that T3

treatment application gave the lowsets
Leafminer with value of 12.2% in 2017 and
13.3% in 2018, followed by T2 treatment

application, while the highest value of
22.78% and 21.3% in 2017 and 2018,
respectively was found in untreated control.
For the Apphid, the data showed that T2

treatment had the minimum Aphid with value
of 1.82% and 3.33% in 2017 and 2018,
respectively, followed by T3 treatment
application. However, the maximum value of
10.0% in 2017 and 7.88% in 2018 was
recorded in control treatment. Moreover,

application of T2 treatment also gave the

lowest White spide with value 2.67%,
followed by T3 treatment, whereas the control

treatment had the highes value of 10.67%. For
the Leaf spot, the results in Table 6 indicated
that application of T2 and T3 treatment gave

the lowest value, whereas the highest value of
found in untreated control.

Table 4. Effect of pesticide on fruit character and fruit quality of sweet seedless mandarin cultivar 
Treatment

Fruit 
weight 
(g/fruit)

Fruit 
height

(cm)

Fruit 
diameter

(cm)

Flesh fruit

weight 
(g/fruit)

Peel fruit 
weight 
(g/fruit)

Seed 
number

TSS 
content

(0Brix)

T1 124.3±4.2 5.6±0.12 6.3±0.21 91.4±11.3 34.3±3.01 0 7.90±0.75

T2 133.4±8.3 5.3±0.58 6.7±0.21 99.7±9.3 33.2±4.2 0 8.23±0.32

T3 128.9±4.9 5.4±0.12 6.5±0.2 98.7±10.2 29.9±1.29 0 8.03±0.15

Table 6. Effect of pesticide on percentage rate of insect pest and deseases appear

Yield Treatment Leafminer (%) Aphids (%) White spider (%) Leaf spot (%)

2017

T1 22.78 10.00 10.67 7.78

T2 17.22 3.33 2.67 2.78

T3 12.22 5.00 5.33 5.56

2018

T1 21.3 7.88 * 12.89

T2 17.3 1.82 * 10.22

T3 13.3 7.27 * 7.11

</div>
(6)<div class='page_container' data-page=6>

CONCLUSION

From the experiment results, it can be
concluded that application of Trebon 10 EC
could enhance vegetative growth, fruit size
and weight as well as fruit quality of sweet
seedless mandarin cultivar. Therefore, we
concluded that application of Trebon 10EC
may be recommended as practical tool for
improving vegetative growth, fruit
development and reduce insect pests, deseases
of sweet seedless mandarin under Bac Kan
province conditions.

REFERENCES

1. Akhtar M. A., Ahmad I. (1999), “Incidence of
citrus greening disease in Pakistan”, Pak. J. 
Phytopathol., 11, pp. 1–5

2. Afreh-Nuamah K. (1985), “Importance of pests of
citrus fruits in the Eastern Region of Ghana”, Legon 
Agriculture Research Bullettin, 1, pp. 27-43.

3. Batool A., Iftikhar Y., Mughal S. M., Khan M.
M., Jaskani M. J., Abbas M., Khan I. A. (2007),
“Citrus Greening Disease – A major cause of
citrus decline in the world – A Review”, Hort. Sci. 
(Prague), 34(4), pp. 159–166

4. Carol J. L., Faber B. A. (2008), “Reducing
water use in Navel orange production with Partial
root zone drying –Comparision with conventional
irrigation at the same reduced irrigation rates”,
Project proposal from university of Californa and 
UCCE Ventura county, Available online:
http//www.lib.berkeley.edu/WRCA/WRC/pdfs200
8lovattfaber-PR015.pdf

5. Tariq M., Sharif M., Shah Z., Khan R. (2007),
“Effect of foliar application of micronutrients on
the yield and quality of sweet orange (Citrus 
sinensis L.)”, Pak. J. Biol. Sci., 10, pp. 1823-1828 
6. UNCTAD-FAO (2005), Market and citrus fruit

production, Available

online:http//www.unctad.org/infocomm/anglais/or
ange/market.htm

TÓM TẮT

NGHIÊN CỨU ẢNH HƯỞNG CỦA THUỐC BẢO VỆ THỰC VẬT

ĐẾN SINH TRƯỞNG PHÁT TRIỂN GIỐNG QUÝT NGỌT KHÔNG HẠT

(Citrus unshiu Marc) TRONG GIAI ĐOẠN KIẾN THIẾT CƠ BẢN TẠI BẮC KẠN

Luân Thị Đẹp, Nguyễn Minh Tuấn*

, Hà Minh Tuân, Hứa Thị Toàn

Trường Đại học Nơng Lâm - ĐH Thái Ngun 
Thí nghiệm được tiến từ năm 2017 đến năm 2018 tại Bắc Kạn để đánh giá ảnh hưởng của thuốc
bảo vệ thực vật (BVTV) đến sinh trưởng phát triển của giống quýt ngọt không hạt trong giai đoạn
kiến thiết cơ bản. Thí nghiệm gồm ba cơng thức được bố trí theo khối ngẫu nhiên hồn chỉnh với
ba lần nhắc lại. Đặc điểm sinh trưởng lộc, đặc điểm quả, chất lượng quả và tình hình sâu bệnh hại
của giống quýt ngọt được đo đếm đánh giá. Kết quả nghiên cứu cho thấy công thức 2 sử dụng
Trebon 10EC có tác động tốt đến sinh trưởng phát triển của giống quýt ngọt không hạt và tốt hơn
cơng thức đối chứng. Qua đó cho thấy sử dụng Trebon 10EC phòng trừ sâu bệnh hại trong giai
đoạn kiến thiết cơ bản có tác dụng làm tăng khả năng sinh trưởng phát triển của giống qt ngọt
khơng hạt

Từ khóa: Thuốc BVTV, Trebon 10 EC, Newsgard 75 WP, Quýt ngọt không hạt

Ngày nhận bài: 10/5/2018; Ngày phản biện: 17/10/2018; Ngày duyệt đăng: 31/10/2018

</div>