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DAI HOC QUOC GIA HA N O I

TRirClNG DAI HOC KHOA HOC TU NHIEN

<b>NGHIEN CtJlJ CO s d KHOA HOC VA </b>

<b>KHA NANG AP DUNG CAC CONG CU KINH TE </b>

<b>TRONG VIEC QUAN LY VA Slf DUNG HOP LY TAI </b>

<b>NGUYEN VA MOI TRUdNG KHU VUC NHO </b>

<b>/v^ ^ /»> </b>

<b>(LAY VI DU HO TAY - HA NOI) </b>

Ma so: QT - 99.09

Chu tri de tai: TS. Hoang Xuan Co

Cac can bo tham gia:

1. ThS. Dam Duy An, Khoa Moi trucmg

2. ThS. Pham Thi Mai, Khoa Moi trucmg

3. ThS. Pham Thi Viet Anh, Khoa Moi trucmg

4. CN. Le Thi Dinh, Khoa Moi t r u ^ g

<i>pllOOOli </i>

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1

OI\l

lAT

Theo nlian xet ciia nliieu nlui khoa hpc, nueic ta kha da dang ve tai nguyen

nhung nhieu trong sd do co chai hrpng klmng cao hoac d quy mo vira va nhd. Vi
vSy, trong phat trie'n kinh te' chiing ta kho md rong quy ino va kho san xufi't ducii
dang hang hoa. Tuy nhien, ne'u biei sir dung hpp ly ca nhung vung lanh tho quy md
vua va nho, mang tfnh dac thu nay, chiing (a se tan dung dupc the' manh, gia trj cua
chiing phuc vu cdng cuoc phat tri^n kinh te'dai nirdfc.

Vimg lanh tho quy mo vira va nho mang tfnh dac thii (VLTDT) dupe coi la
dun vj lanh tho co dien tfch khong Icin nhung co nhung net rieng, d l nhan tha'y,
chang han nhu mot ho nude Icin, nipt cita song, mdt viing diim pha, dai ngap nude,
inpt ejua ddi tha'p, nipt viing sinh thai dac thii,... l i i y d quy nio khong lein, nhung
VL I DT vSn CO dii cac chirc nang:

Cung cAp lai nguyen cho phat trie'n kinh te'.
Chira va dong hoii chfit thin.

Khdng gian song cua con ngucti.

Vai trd, chirc nang d viing lanh tho khdng phai hoan toan giitng nhau, chang
<i>han, cung la ho lurcifc \an nhirng chirc nang chira va dong hoii cliA't thai ciia h6 vimg </i>
dd thi ddng vai lid c|uan tipng hctn so vc'ti he) vimg nc)ng ihdn. O inpt cong vien
quoc gia, vai lid khdng gian scMig cho con ngirdi lai co pliAii tipi hon so veii vai tro
<i>cung cC\p tai nguyen hay cluia va ddng hoa chAt thai. Ngupe lai, vimg khai thac </i>
khoang sim thi chirc nang cung cap tai nguyen tlurctng the hien re") hon.

De lai lap Uung nghien ciru phuctng thirc quan ly, sir dung vimg lanh tho quy
md vira va nhci, mang ifnh dac llui nham mang lai hieu qua cao ma van duy trl chat
<i>hrpng tai nguyen va mdi tructng it mirc chap nhan dupe. Dong Ihdi kie'n nghj mot s6 </i>
<i>chi so cfin sir dung Uong danh giii hieu qua sir dung VL'lDl. </i>

I h e o Iy thuyet, c|uyen sd huu doi vdi vimg lanh theS ncSi chung va vimg lanh

tho quy mo vira va nho, niang tfnh dac thii noi rieng co mc)i quan he rAt chat vdi
<i>vAn de khai ihiic, su clung lai nguyen. Trong di6u kien nudc la hien nay, cei the hieu </i>
quyen set huu lir nhan ddi vdi vimg Ianh thci Iheo nghTa rong hon, khi no dupc giao
quyen sir dung cho mot ca nhan hay cdng ty tiong iheti gian dii dai.

Neu tai nguyen thupc set huu cong cong thi mpi ngirdi deu co quyIn khai
thac, sir dung, cdn khi thii()c so hiiu tir nhan thi chi mot bp pliAn nhd trong eong
ddng ducte e|u>en khai ihac. liong kinh te hex, khi sd hCru tai nguyen la sd hiru
cong cong thi ngudi la dua la khai niem giai phap nid cira va chirng minh rAng, ddi
vcii tai nguyen Uii lao dupc ihi viec khai thiic theo giai phap md cua khong nhA't
thiel dAn den can kiet lai nguyen.

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Khi quyen sd huu thuoc tu nhan, ngu6i ta se tfnh t6i cue dai hoa lui nhuan
<i>trong khai thac tai nguyen. D6\ \6\ tai nguyen tai tao ho se tinh toan d^ xac dinh </i>
<i>khi nao thi khai thac, khai thac a miic trQ lupng nao, khai thac muc bao nhieu d^ </i>
<i>thu dupc ldi nhuan toi da ma tru lupng tai nguyen vAn 6n dinh a mUc mong mu6n. </i>
Ngoai ra, ho con tinh t6i chi^t kha'u tai nguyen d^ quy^t dinh khai thac ngay hay
<i>nuoi duong tai nguyen di khai thac sau. Doi vdi tai nguyen khdng tai tao, sir dung </i>
<i>hop ly va {6\ uu th^ hien 6 cac mat sau: </i>

- TAn dung he^t tai nguyen.
<i>- Tun tai nguyen thay ihi, </i>

- v a n hanh he thong gia ea d^ khi can kiet tai nguyen, chuydn sang sir dung
tai nguyen thay the^ ma khOng co chenh lech gia qua 16n.

Ro rang, chi khi quyen sit dung lai nguyen dupc xac djnh ro thi mdi thuc
hien dupe viec khai thac hpp ly, t5'i uu. D^ lam vi du, ta lA'y truong hpp khai thac
<i>than it Quang Ninh, co mot thdi ky, quyin sd huu chua dupc xac lAp 16 rang nen cd </i>
nhieu ca nhAn tham gia khai thac than (cac Id than "th6 phi"). Hp chi tAp trung khai

thac d che") de dang nhA't nham thu Ipi tdi da nhung cung lam lang phi lupng tai
nguyen lein.

Ke't qua nghien cUu ddi vdi mot sd Irudng hpp cu Ih^, khi quy^n sd huu tai
nguyen da dupc xac lAp cho ihA'y, trong Ihuc t^ khdng phai khi nao viec khai thac
tai nguyen cung se dat hieu qua cao. Chang han, khi giao vimg dAt ngAp nudc ven
bi^n cho tir nliAn khai thac, nuoi trdng thuy san lA't de Iam inA't di dai rirng ngAp
<i>man, gAy nhxiu tac dpng xA'u de'n moi trirdng (mA't noi cU tni cua chim di cu va cac </i>
loai dpng tliUc vAt, niA'l kha nang chan sdng, mA't net! cir tni, noi de trung ciia tOm
ca,...). Vi vAy, ben canh viec giao quy^n sd huu phai ki^m soat dupc hoat dpng khai
<i>Ihac thong qua cac quy djnh, luAt le nhA't djnh. Di lam tdt co che" nay, c^n thuc hien </i>
mot sd budc sau:

<i>a. Dinh hudng sudung </i>
<i>h. Lap ke hoach su' dimg. </i>

<i>c. Qudn ly viec sif dung VLTDT. </i>

Ke't qua nghien cuu ddi vdi Ho TAy (nhu la mot vf du) cho IhA'y, hien nay,
<i>viec nghien ciiu sir dung VLTDT cdn Ion lai nhieu vA'n di cdn dupe lam sang td </i>
them. VAn de trao quyen sir dung cdn chong cheo, chua IhAl ro rang nen cdn nhieu
hoat dpng gAy lac dpng xA'u de'n khu virc. Vifc lAp k^ hoach ddi vdi cac du an hoat
dpng dura dupc ky luong nen hieu qua kinh t ^ c h u a cao. Viec quan ly chua di vao
ne iie'p nen cac hoat dpng cdn dien ra Ipii xOn, cdn dupc chA'n chinh.

<i>Nhiing ke't qua ban dAu ciia di lai phiin nao da chi ra dupc mot sd vA'n de </i>
chung iihAI ve sir dung VLl D T Do linh CLT dang ciia cac loai hinh lanh tho nay nen

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rat khd neu dupc each tie'p cAn nghien ciiu, khai thac van nang, chung cho lAt ca. Vi
vay, cdn cd su phan loai, nghien ciiu ky hon, tfnh d^n dac thii ciia mdi loai. Mong

<i>rang se cd nhilu di tai nghien ciiu ddi vdi cac loai hinh VLTDT nay trong tuong </i>
lai, gdp phdn khai thac hpp ly, vira dat hieu qua kinh t^ cao vira duy tri, bao ve dupc
cac chiic nang cua lanh Ihd.

DETAI CHU NHIEM DE TAI

<b>1^ </b>

<i><b>I </b></i>

KHOA

TS. Hoang Xuan CcJ

CO QUAN

Q U A N L Y

<i> Dt TAI </i>

<b>STUDY ON SCIENTIFIC BASES AND THE APPLICATION </b>

<b>POTENTIAL OF ECONOMIC TOOLS FOR MANAGEMENT AND </b>

<b>USE OF SPECIAL, SMALL- SCALE AREAS. </b>

SUMMARY

According to scientific works, Vietnam has many kinds of natural
resources, but almost of them is in small scale or low quality. Then, it is difficult to
extend of econoinie scale or [iroduce Ihe goods. However, if we have the
appropriate way lo use, these resources with small scale or special land area will be
efficiently exploited. 1 he special, small-scale areas are mentioned as lakes, river
mouth, lagoon, hill, and small ecosystem. Being the land, these areas have also Ihe
main functions as follows:

• Resouice supjily

• Wasle storage and assimilation
• Living support

The roles of these functions are different from this area to other one. Then,
we have to consider all of Ihem and find the best way to use.

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The property right of the natural resources is discussed in the relation with
their rational use. If resource is in common use, it can be degraded rapidly. If the
properly right or utility right is established (may be private properly one) the
resource can be planed to use with high efficiency, maximum benefit and
sustainability.

For optimum, integrated use of these resources, the following steps are
discussed:

• Land use orientation based on survey data and regional planing
• Design and implement the land use projects

• Management of land use projects

Some of indexes are recommended to use for economic evaluation of land
use project as: Net private values (NPV), Internal return rale or Benefit Cost ratio
(B/C).

I h e West Lake use is discussed as an example of special, small-scale
resource area. West Lake located in Ihe inner city and it can be used for different
purjioses. At present, West Lake has been being used for fishery, tourism, and
services. It creates also good condition for Ihe environment of Hanoi city:

microclimate regulation, stoiage and assimilation of wasle water, storage and
regulation of rainwater,...

With high growth rale of economic activities at the West Lake area, it is
necessary to have llie integrated management to prevent the negative impacts on
the environment. vSome of economic and other management tools are recommended
for sustainable use of West l^ake.

HEAD OF PROJECT

<b>a </b>

Dr. Hoang Xuan Co

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MUC L U C

<i>Tfong </i>

<b>Danh muc bang bieu viii </b>

I. Ly luan chung 1

I . I . D a t vA'nd^ I

<i>1.2. Quyen sd huu va vAfn di sir dung viing lanh thd quy mc) viia </i>

va nhd, mang tfnh dac thii (VLTDT) 2

1.2.1. Quyen sd hiiu 2

1.2.2. Sir dung tdng hpp, tdi uu VL 1 DT 3

II. Mot so ket qua nghien curu doi v6i Ho Tay 6

11.1. Dieu kien tu nhien va kiiih le xa hpi khu virc Hd TAy 7

11.2. Hien Irang khai thac va sir dung Hd Tay 13

11.2.1. Kha nang va hien trang khai thac, nuoi liong thuy siui 13

11.2.2. Khai thac va sir dung Ho l^Ay Iheo hudng dich vii - du lich 17

11.2.3. Uoc linh ciic Ipi ich khac 20

<b>11.3. Quan ly moi trudng khu vuc Ho TAy 23 </b>

11.3.1. Co sd khoa hpc quan ly Hd 1^Ay 23

<i>11.3.2. Ciic c(')ng cu kinh te cjiian ly \\6 Tay 24 </i>

11.4. Mpi s d k e t luan 26

Tai lieu tham khao 27

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<b>DANH MUC BANG BI^U </b>

<i>Trang </i>

Bang 1: Mot sd Ipi fch, han che'chfnh trong cac phuong an

sir dung riuig ngAp man 5

Bang2: DAn sd khu vuc xung quanh Ho TAy 7

Bang 3: Tac dong chinh ciia uluing y^u Id phat tri^n tren luu vuc

den chat lupng nude ho 9

Bang 4: Sd lupng cac doanh nghiep tham gia hoat dpng du Ihuyen

(tiiili trong nam 2000) 18

Bang 5: Sd lupng cac nha hang, khach san thai nude ra Hd TAy 19

Bang 6: Ham lupng BOD^, COD ciia nudc thai vao hd 21

Bang 7: Torn ifit ciic Ipi ich chinh ciia hd 23

<b>C A C C I I U VIET T A I </b>

BOD: Nhu cAu 6 xy sinh hpc

COD: Nhu cAu o xy hoa hpc

DVKXS: Dcjiig vAt khong xuong sdng

IRR: He sd hoan vdn noi tai

KLN: Kim loai nang

1CVN: Tieu chudn Viet Nam

TN: rdng lupng nito

<i>IV: Tong lupng phdt |iho </i>

VKL: Vi kluiAii lam

VL I D l : Vimg lanh th6 quy nu't viia va nhd, mang tfnh dac Ihii

VND: Ddng Viet Nam (tien)

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<i><b>7ffin rtift f/iitg he'i ttl UYi hht^a h(ie. eiVp <^7t>H(j 1999 -2000 </b></i>

<b>I- L Y L U A N C H U N G </b>
<b>L L D a t v a n d e . </b>

D a c d n h u n g nha khoa hoc nhAn xet rang mrdc la la mrdc da dang ve tai
nguyen n h u n g nhieu t r o n g sd d d hoac cd chAI l u p n g k h o n g cao hoac d q u y m o vira
va n h d . V I vAy, trong phat I r i ^ n k i n h t ^ c l u i n g ta k h d m d rdng q u y m d va k h d san
xuA't d u d i dang hang hod. T u y n h i e n , ne^u biet sir d u n g hpp l y ca n h u n g v i m g lanh
thd q u y m d vua va n h d , m a n g tinh dac thii nay, c h i m g ta se lAn d u n g dupe the' m a n h ,
<i>gia Iri ciia c h i m g |)huc vu c o n g cudc phai t r i ^ n k i n h \€ dA'l mrc'te. VA'n d ^ dat ra la </i>
phai n h i n nhAn v i m g lanh Ihd nay n h u I h ^ nao, tie'p cAn nghien ciru, sir d u n g k h a i
thac nd l a sao d ^ dat dirpc hieu qua cao nhA'l. DAy la bai loan k h d , phirc tap nhirng
|)hai dupc dat ra s d m , nhanh chdng l i m Inrdng giai quy^^t nhfim dat dupc cac muc
lieu ndi tren.

T n r d c het, jihai dua ra k h a i niem v^ v i m g lanh Ihd quy i n d vira va n h d , m a n g
tfnh dac Ihii ( g p i tat la V L I D l ) . C d I h ^ hi§\i dAy la dctn vj lanh thd cd d i f n l i c h
k h d n g Idn n h u n g cd n h i h i g net r i e n g , d i nhAn IhA'y. D d cd t h ^ la hd mrdc I d n , mdt
cira sdng, m o t v i m g d d m pha, dAt ngAp nudc, mdt qua d d i tliA'p, mot v i m g sinh thai
dac thii,...

L a m d t v i m g lanh tho, tuy q u y m d k h d n g l d n , nhirng nd vAn m a n g ddy dii
mdt sd chirc nang phue vu con ngudi l l i ^ hien d c h d :

C u n g cAp lai nguyen cho |)lial trie'n k i n h te'.
Chira va d d n g hoa d i a l thai.

K h d n g gian sdng ciia con ngucti.

1 uy n h i e n , luy theo dac die'm rieng ma vai t r d , chue nang d v i m g lanh thd nay
se khac vdi v i m g lanh Ihd k i a , chang han, c u n g la hd nude Idn n h u n g chirc nang
cluia va d d n g hoa chA'l thai ciia hd v i m g d d tin d d n g vai Ird quan t r p n g hon so v d i hd
v i m g n d n g thdn. 0 m d i cdng vien qudc g i a , vai trd k h d n g g i a n sdng cho con ngirdi
lai c d phdn trdi hon so vdi vai trd c i m g cA'p tai n g u y e n hay chira va d d n g hoa chA't
thai. N g u p e l a i , \ i i n g k h a i Ihac k h o a n g san Ihi chu'c nang c u n g cA'p lai nguyen
llurdng the hien ro h o n .

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<i><b>7Wn nU iifnq hrt ,r? Oi! hhtyn h^e eap ^7r>Q,0 1999 2000 </b></i>

<b>1.2. Q u y e n sd huu va van de sir dung v i m g lanh thd quy m o vira vii </b>
<b>nhd, m a n g tinh dac thii. </b>

<i>L2J. Quyen sii huu, </i>

Qny^n sd huu ddi vdi vimg lanh thd ndi chung va vimg lanh tho quy md vira
<i>va nhd, mang linh dac Ihii ndi rieng cd mdi quan he rA'l chat vdi vA'n di khai thac, sir </i>
dung tai nguyen.

Cd Ih^ tach quy^n sd huu vimg lanh tho loai nay Ihanh hai dang: Sd hfru cdng
cdng va sd hfru tu nhAn. Sd hfru tu nhAn d dAy khdng chi Ih sd huu ciia mdt ca nhAn

cu th^ ma cd Ih^ la ciia mdt co quan, mdt cdng ty cd lu each phap nhAn. Ddi khi, sd
hiiu tu nhAn chi ddi vdi mot phdn ciia vimg lanh thd hay ddi vdi mot loai tai nguyen
cu Ih^. Ndi each khac, khi ndi ddi tupng nao dd lluidc sd huu lu nhAn, cd nghTa la nd
cd chu va chi cd ngudi chii nay mdi cd quyen can thiep, khai Ihac. Trong dieu kien
nirdc ta hien nay, cd the hieu quyen sd huu tir nhAn ddi vdi vimg Innh Ih6 theo nghTa
long hon, khi nd dupe giao qiiylii sir dung cho mdi ca nhAn hay cdng ly trong thdi
gian dil dai.

Nhu vAy, ne'u ddi lirpng thudc sd huu cdng cdng Ihi mpi ngirdi deu cd quy^n
khai Ihac, sir dung, cdn khi Ihudc so hiru lir nhAn tin chi mdt bd jihAii nhd Irong cdng
ddng dupe quyen khai Ihac. Irong kinh te' hpc. khi sd huu tai nguyen la sd hfru cdng
cdng tin ngudi ta dua ra khai niem giai phap md cira va chirng minh rang, den vdi tai
nguyen tai Ino dupe tin viec khai thac theo giai phap md cira khdng nhA't thie't ddn
de'n can kiet tai nguyen. Chang han, ne'u de mpi ngirdi cd quyin danh bat ca d hd
1 Ay (Ha Ndi) tin hie ddu cd the' cd nhiiu ngirdi khai thac ddn de'n trir lupng ca giam
xudng nhanh chdng. Khi tru lupng ca giam Ihl chi cd mdt sd ft ngirdi vdi phuong
lien danh bat tdi, nhieu kinh nghiem mdi cd the llui dupc Ipi nhuan, sd cdn lai phai
giai nghe de' lim phuong an sinh sdng khac. Nhir vAy, ca d hd khdng bi lieu diet
nhirng Iru lupng ca sau dd se dn dinh d nuie rAt thap, khi cd nii ro tin khd phuc hdi.

Khi quyin sd huu thudc lu nhAn, ngirdi la se Ifnh tdi cue dai hoa Ipi nhuAn
Irong khai thac lai nguyen. Ddi vdi tai nguyen tai lao hp se tfnh loan d i xac dinh khi
nao thi khai lluic, khai lluic d mirc tru lupng nao, khai thac mire bao nhieu de Ihu
dupe Ipi nhuan tdi da ma tru lupng lai nguyen vdn on djnh d nuie mong mudn.
Ngoai la, hp cdn Ifnh ldi chiet kliAu tai nguyen d i quye't dinh khai thac ngay hay
nuoi dirdng tai nguyen de khai lluic sau. ChAng han, ddi vdi khai Ihac ca tir mdt hd
Icrn, ngirdi la cd thi Ifnh dupc hrpng Ihiiyin (hoac tdng cdng suA't lluiyin) cdn thie^l,
nuie Irfr hrpng bat ddu danh hdi, lupng ca diiiih hai hang nam d i cd thi thu dupe Ipi
nhuAn cno iihAt. Ddi vdi tai nguyen khdng tai tao, sir dung hpp ly va tdi uu thi hifn d
cac mat sau:

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<i><b>TJrt/t w/> 9^ttq lal Oe in! hhoa IWP eap <T)ir>Qi^ 1999 -2000 </b></i>

<i>- Tim tai nguyen Ihay Ih^. </i>

- v a n hanh he thdng gia ca d i khi can kiet lai nguyen, cluiyin sang sir dung tai
nguyen thay Ih^ ma khdng cd chenh lech gia qiui Idn.

Rd rang, chi khi quyin sir dung lai nguyen dupc xac dinh 16 tin mcti Ihuc hien
<i>dupc viec khai thac hpp ly, tdi uu. \yi lam vf du, la lA'y Inrdng hpp khai Ihac than d </i>
Quang Ninh, cd nipt Ihdi ky, quyin sd huu chira dupc xac lAp rd rang nen cd nhiiu
ca nhAn Iham gia khai Ihac than (cac Id than "tho phi")- I^P ^'^5 khai thac d chd d i
dang nhA'l nham thu Ipi cao nhal nhung ciing lain lang phf lupng lai nguyen Idn. RAI
may la su vifc nhanh chdng dupc chA'n chinh.

0 nhung nudc phat triin, vifc chinh gia lai nguyen va quy hoach khai thac
<i>hpp ly da Ihu dupc nhfrng ke't cpia tdt dinh hudng cho phat triin kinh \6 Irong thdi </i>
gian dai.

<i>L2.2, Sli dung (dug hop, ((Ji un VLTDT, </i>

Quyin sd hiiu cd anh hudng Idn Idi khai Ihac lai nguyen, vi vAy trong phdn
nay cluing tdi se xet cu Ihe Inrdng hop quyin sd hiiu lai nguyen da dupe xac lAp.
Khi dd, viec khai thac dupe xem xet mdt each long hpp, theo quy hoach nham dal
hieu qua cao. 1 rong thuc te' khdng phai khi nao quyin sd hiru dupe xac lAp Ihi viec
khai Ihac lai nguyen se hieu qua hon. Chang han, khi giao vimg dAt ngAp mrdc ven
biin cho tu nhAn khai lluic, nuoi Irdng lliuy san lA't d i lam mAl di dai rirng ngAp man,
gAy nhiiu lac ddng xA'u de'n mdi trudng (mA't noi cU tni ciia chim di cu va cac loai
ddng thuc vAI, inAi kha nang chan sdng, mAl noi cu Ini, noi de Irirng ciia Idm ca,...).
VI vAy, ben canh viec giao quyin sd hiiu phai kiim soal dupe hoat ddng khai thac

tlidng qua cac quy dinh, luAl le nhAI dinh. Hien nay, co che' dAn thdu dang diroc sir
dung de quye't dinh trao quyin sir dung tai nguyen, llurdng la cho ngirdi cd ke' hoach
sir dung tdt nhA'l. DAy la mdt co che' tdt giiip ngirdi quan ly cd thi kiim soat dupc
hoat dpng ciia chii tai nguyen. D i lam tdt co che' nay, cdn thUe hien mdi sd bude
sau:

<i>a. Dinh hudng sii dung </i>

Xac dinh hudng sir dung |ihai dua lien co sd quy hoach cluing vimg lanh thd
Idn va sd lieu diiu tra cu tlii. Cluing han, tren co sd quy hoach chung ciia thanh phd
Ha Ndi va sd lieu diiu tra, quan trdc vi diiu kien tU nhien, kinh le xa hdi vimg hd
7 Ay va lAn cAn, co quan quan ly cd thi xac dinh hudng sir dung Iheo Ihir lu uu lien
la:

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<i><b><Ban ea^ i/ag lUl tfl iai khoa iwe rjYp ^)7f>{lQ 1999 -2000 </b></i>

Ngoai hai hudng chfnh neu Iren, cd Ihi sir dung V L l DT d hudng khac nhung
khdng dupc Iain anh hudng Idn de'n hai hudng nay. Chang han, cd Ihi sir dung hd
TAy Iam noi chiia nudc thai nhung phai kiim soat lupng thai d i khdng lam chS^t ca,
khdng gAy khd chju cho khach du ljch, giai trf.

Tit viec xac dinh hudng sir dung, co quan quan ly cdn dinh ra nhirng quy che^,
quy dinh cdn thie^t d i ngudi sir dung lai nguyen cd thi kiim soat dupc nhung hoat
ddng khac cd thi anh hudng tdi qua trinh khai thac. Ne\i khdng lain lot khAu nay, dS
phat sinh qua trinh tranh chAp giiia ngudi sir dung lai nguyen vdi cirdAn xung quanh
hoac cac co quan khac.

<i>/;. Lap ke hoach sii' dung. </i>

Trong CO che'dAn thdu, nhiing ngirdi tham gia dAu Ihdu la nhfrng ngudi lAp ke^

hoach sir dung lai nguyen VL ID T tren eo sd djnh hudng ciia co quan quan Iy. Trong
VI du vi sir dung hd TAy, ho phai lAp dupc ke hoach nudi tha ca va tie'n hanh cac
hoai ddng vui choi, giai trf. Chang han phai chi ra hrpng, loai ca tha, duy Irl d hd
TAy la bao nhieu, san hrpng danh bdt hang nam, phucfng lien danh bat nlur the' nao
d i cd hieu qua kinh le' cao ma vdn duy tri dupc chAI lupng mdi trudng vimg hd. Ly
thuye't vi kinh le' tai nguyen cho tliA'y cd thi dp Ifnh dirpc mirc ldi uu ne'u nlur bi^l
dupc cac thdng so vi kfch Ihudc hd, chAI lupng mrdc hd, dac linh sinh Inrcrng cua
cac loai ca tha, nudi,...

Dd'i vdi luieVng sir dung hd phuc vu du lich, giai Iri, pluii chi id loai hinh nao
se dupc a|) dung: boi ihuyiii, cAu ca, an udng, nghi ngoi; ngoai ra phai tfnh dirpc
lupng mat bang, |ilurong lien cdn cd d i Ihuc hien cac loai hinh tren. Ne^u cdng tac
liep thi tdt, cd thi tra Idi dupe cAu hdi lien luong ddi chfnh xac giiip cho viec kinh
doanh dal hifu qua cao.

Co quan quan ly phai lua chpn dupe ke hoach pluroiig an sir dung lot nhAI,
phii hp[) vdi dinh hudng ban dau, kha Ihi va hieu cpia kinh te'eao.

Irong Ciic chi lieu lira chpn, hai ehi lieu c|iian tipng nhAI cdn phai k i den la
hieu qua kinh te' cao, lai nguyen va mdi trudng khdng bj suy thoai. Trong vf du sir
<i>dung hd, |ihai duy Iri dupe cluic nang diiu hoa khf hAu, diiu tiet nu6c nura, ddng </i>
hoa mdt so loai chat thai,...

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<i><b>7J«/t rtift ii^ntj he't itt tai hht^a lu^e ftVp ^yif^ij 1999 -2000 </b></i>

khi xac djnh cac chi tieu uen. Khi nghien ciru, sir dung vung dA'l ngAp nudc ven biin

Tiiii Hai, Thai Binh, cac phuong an sau dAy da dupc di cAp

- Du an nudi tdm quang canh, dupc bdt ddu lir cudi nhiing nam 1980, Iheo dd

ngudi ta quai ddm gui mrdc nudi tdm (Phuong an 1).

- Du an nudi tdm thAin canh, cae ddm dupc thie't ke' cac sao cho nudc cd thi len

<i>xudng Iheo thuy Iriiu ma ca, tdm vAn cd chd sCmg khi Iriiu xudng (phuong an </i>

2).

- Du an sd khdng, nghTa la khdng quai ddm Liudi Idm (phuong an 3).

NhCrng Ipi ich va han che' co ban ciia cac phuong an nay dupe chi ra d bang 1:

Bang I: Mdt sd lpi fch, han che'chfnh ln)ng cac phucfng an sir dung vimg rirng

ngAp man Tiin Hai, Ihai Bhih

riiuemg an

I

2

3

Lpi icli

- Chi phf san xuA'l khdng Idn

- Lirpng thu hoach tuong ddi Icjfii,
lAp Inmg

- Ddng gdp ft nhiiu cho iigAn sach
dja phuong,...

- Lirpng thu hoach Ion

-Ddng gdp nhiiu cho iigAii sach dja
phuong

- Rimg ngAp man dupc duy tri

- Bao ve dupe de va mdi Irudng
sdng ciia cae loai,...

- Chi phf khdng dang ke
- I hu hoach da dang

- Riuig ngAp man |)luit triin

- Bao ve dirpc de va mdi tuieVng
sdng ciic loai,...

Han d i e

- Rirng ngA[) man bj suy thoai
-Vai Ird bao vf de giam

-MAI noi cU Ini ciia chim di cU
va cac loai ddng vAI, ca

- De gap nii ro,...

- Chi phf ddu Ur Idn, virpl qua
kha nang tai ehfnh.

- Riii ro cao,...

- San phdm llui hoach khdng lAp
trung, lieu thu lai chd.

- Khdng ddng gdp cho iigAn sach
dja phuong,...

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<i><b>^tin eai^ i/ag ftel iH iai it/itfa /#<?« ea'p ^7tjli0. 1999 -2000 </b></i>

<i>Cho din nay, phuong an I vdn dang dupc thuc Ihi vi vAy, rirng ngAp man vAn bj suy </i>
Ihoai. Nguyen nhAn chpn phuong an nay cd thi la do ehi nhin ldi Ipi fch trudc mat
vi kinh te^ina chua nhin Idi lpi fch mdi trudng lAu dai. Mdt sd phuong an khac phuc
da dupc nghien ciru va cho ke't qua budc ddu rAi dang khfch le.

<i>c. Qudn ly viec si( dung VLTDT. </i>

<i>1 hue \€ cho Ihtfy, khdng cd mdt phuong an nao ma ngay Ifif ddu da Ifnh het </i>
nhfrng diiu cd thi phat sinh. VT vAy, khi da tie'n hanh khai thac vAn cdn cd bifn phap
quan ly d i hd trp, Cdng tac nay chi thu dupc ke't qua lot n^u nhu phuong an khai
Ihac dupc chudn bj ky luong chi lie'l, trong dd nhiiu vA'n d i cd thi xay ra da dupe
ludng Irudc. Mdt sd khao sal do dac cdn dupe lie'ii hanh d i thu lliAp dupe nhfrng sd
lieu cdn Ihi^l, viec phAn Ifch ke't qua quan trac khi cdn se giiip hieu chinh phuong an
thuc thi di diing djnh hudng. () nudc la viec quan ly kiiu nay cdn thi^u b i day kinh
nghiem. Nhung ne'u sdm lie'n hanh, cluing la se ddn lie'p cAn, tie^n Idi thuc hien tdt
budc nay Irong lirong lai gdn.

Vdi nhfrng suy nghi ban ddu, cluing tdi nidi chi neu dupe mdt sd vA'n d i
chung nhA'l vi sir dung VL'IDT. Do Ifnh da dang ciia cac loai hinh lanh tho nay nen

rAt khd neu dupe each liep cAn nghien ciru, khai lluic van nang, cluing cho IAI ca. Vi
vay, cdn cd sU phAn loai, nghien ciru ky luyn, Ifnh de'n dac thii ciia nidi loai. Hy vpng
cluing la se cd nhiiu d i lai nghien ciru ddi vdi cac loai hinh V L I D T nay Irong tuong
lai, gdp |)hdn khai thac hpp ly, vira dat hieu qua kinh le cao vira duy tri, bao ve dupe
cac chire nang ciia lanh Ihd.

II. MOT SO KET QUA NGHIEN CQU DOI V6l HO TAY

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<i><b>7^/f/> ^#?/i i^$q ta'i ftp iai Itltt^a Iwe ea'p ^)lC>Uij 1999 -2000 </b></i>

<b>H . l . D i ^ u k i e n tir n h i e n v a k i n h te x a hpi k h u v u c l i d T a y </b>

H o TAy la hd Idn nhA'l d Ihii d d Ha N d i , nam d phfa TAy thanh p h d , Ihudc dja
phAn hanh c h f n h QuAn TAy H d , giap ranh v d i 6 plurdng: Y e n Phu, T h u y K h u e , B u d i ,
X u A n L a , N h a t TAn, Q u a n g A n . H d TAy c u n g la hd t u nhien Idn Irong s d cac hd d
v i i n g d d n g b a n g chAu tho Bac b d .

C h o den nay c d lA't n h i i u ke'l qua do dien l i c h ciia H d TAy song cac ke^t qua
nay k h d n g d d n g nhA't. C d x u Inrdng tang len qua cae nam khao sal:

+ T n r d c 1987, n h i i u tai lieu dua ra con sd d i f n Ifeh H d TAy la 4 4 6 ha
+ N a m 1987, Iheo ban d d do dae ciia Sd dia c h i n h thi dien tfch la 515 ha
+ N a m 1997, Iheo sd lieu d p an [4] tin dien tfch chfnh xac la 5.261.627m''.
D i i u nay ngupe vdi tlurc te la dien l i c h hd d dAy bj llui hep do lA'n chie'm
n h i i u so v d i so mc^f rdng hd do sul dal (phia B u d i , I h u y K h u e ) . Su sai khac nay cd
I h i g i a i l l u c h do viec do dien Ifch bj anh lurdiig ciia cac ye'u i d nlur viec khoanh v i m g
hd u e n anh v i l n t h a m , thdi gian cliu|) anh la vao miia nura hay m i i a k h d , . . .

Chu vi H d TAy theo c d lieu d i i u Ira cey ban [4J la I 8 . 9 6 7 n i , trong d d chd rdng
nhAI la 3 . 2 7 4 m va c h d hep nhat la 7 6 4 , 8 n i , d u n g l i c h nueyc khoang 9 t i i e u m^ mrdc.

D d sAii c d c h i i u hudng g i a m ddn, theo sd lieu d i i u tra c i i , noi sAu nhAt la 4 m ,
song, Iheo sd lieu do dac ciia C d n g ty ddu t u khai Ihac H d l A y nam 1997 lai 220
d i i m va ciia V i e n K h o a hoc - K y Ihuat hat nhan do bang phucyng phap sieu Am lai
5 0 0 d i i m thi noi sAu nhAI c h i la 2,7 - 2,8m.

I h e o ke'l qua Ihd'ng ke ciia nam 1996, vdi l o n g dAn sd v i i n g l u u vuc la 83.581
<i>n g u d i ( x e m bang 2). 1 heo k c l qua dieu tra c o ban hien trang k i n h \€ - xa hpi k h u vuc </i>
x u n g quanh H d TAy [ 3 ] , cac doanh nghiep dupe chia thanh 4 loai sau:

- D o a n h nghiep nha nirdc quAn TAy H d : 28
- D o a n h nghiep tU nhAn: 8

- C d n g ty t i i u i h n h i e m hiru han : 35 (Ihudc l i n h vue du Ijch - d j c h vu)
- H o p tiic xa: 6

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<i><b>Tfaft eiU iA'ag itlt Ht iiu Idtfia hoe rap <^76il0 1999 -2000 </b></i>

Bang 2: DAn sd khu vuc xung quanh Hd TAy [3]

Pliircyng

Yen Phu

Biroi

Thuy Khue

Ti'r Lien

Quang An

Nhat Tf»n

Xuan La

Plu'i Ihirgng

Tong dan s6' (nguoi)

16.459

16.172

13.548

6.507

6.769

6.813

7.234

10.079

Sd dan giap H6 (ngirai)

3.554

3.513

3.200

0

4.837

1.685

470

0

He ihdng cdng vao n h i i u nhirng cdng ra it, miia nura gAy ngAp iiiig vimg ihAp
quanh hd (khu Yen Phu, Ihuy Khue), gAy niAt ve sinh mdi Inrdng khu vUc.

Do dja Innh phirc tap khd khan cho viec lliu gom rac n6n hdu het cac nha sal

hd d i u xa rac xudng ho. Hien nay, ke bd va dirdng quanh hd dirpc lam mot jilidn nen
giam dupe dang k i lupng rac xa xudng, hien tupng nay se dupe khac phuc vao nam
2002 khi loan bd dudng va ke dupe hoan thanh.

Hoat ddng khai lluic Ihe manh kinh doanh Irong khu virc cdn mang ifnh tU
phiit, chua cd id chire, lam iiiAl my quan khu vuc hd ma cdn khdng lAn dung h^l l i i m
nang Idng ho.

<i>K h u vuc \l6 I Ay lir lAu da cd nhung lang n g h i noi tieng nlur Vong Thj ( n g h i </i>
chai lirdi), lang Thanh Cdng (del vai), Nghi Tam (Irdng hoa), lang Budi (lam giA'y),
<i>lang Ngu Xii (diic ddng),... Nhung den nay phdn \dn cac n g h i nay da bj mai mdt, chi </i>
cdn lai nghe Irdng hoa, cAy canh la duy Irl dupe \'i nhu cdu ddi sdng ngay cang phai
t r i i n nhA't la quA'l va dao ngay Tet. Cac n g h i diic ddng, lam giA'y chi cdn mot sd fl hd
tu nhAn.

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<i><b>7iaft m/t ifing ia'i Hi iiii ft/ioa hcf fiYp ^7f>tlL} 1999 -2000 </b></i>

Ngudn thai diim theo cac cdng dd vao hd la rAt nhiiu, nlumg cho Idi nay. chi
cd Ihi thdng ke dupc inpl sd cdng thai chinh va cae ngudn thai nay diu khdng cpia
xu Iy tnrdc khi do vao hd.

Ngoai ngudn diim cdn cd eac ngudn pluln tan, dd la ngudn thni vao hd qua
cac qua lihih rira trdi, xdi mdn do mua, do sir dung nude Iren viing luu vUc vao hd
khdng theo he thdng cdng ranh cd dinh.

Bang 3: Tac ddng ciia nhfrng yeu id pluit triin lien vimg luu vuc de'n chA't lupng mrdc
hd [4]

Q i c yeu t d gAy Uic d d n g

C d n g nghiep hoa phat
I r i i i i , nirdc thai k h d n g
xir ly qua cac n g u d n
thai d i i m vao h d

N d n g n g h i d p phat I i i i n
vdi mirc tliAm canh cao,
n g u d n Ihai k l u i y e c l i lan
lang

D d Ihi hoa, cac d i c h vu
du l i c h i)hat t r i i n .
k h d n g c d t i a m xir ly
mrdc I h a i , n g u d n thai
d i i m lang

Cac hoat d d i i g lau
l l u i y i n , d i c h vu Iren h d
phat l i i i n

D i i u c h i n h hop ly |ihat
l i i i n k i n h l i - xa h d i
v i m g liru vifc; he I h d n g
Ihu nliAn mrdc nura
v i l n g luu vUc, c d cac
t r a m xir ly mrdc Ihai

Dac Ifnh Ihuy ly
hoa

N g u d n tluii cac
ddc i d nlur k i m
loai nang... l a n g ,
ham hrpng k i m
loai nang lang

I N , ' I t * l a n g , c d
I h i cd ( l u l u p i i g
lluidc hao vc lluic
val

H a m l u p n g ' I P ,
T N cao

H a m l u p n g dau c d
ihc lang

Cac y e u I d t h u y l y
lu)a d i u d mirc
g i o i han cho phep
<i>ciia T C V N \'«\ </i>
mrdc mai

T i n l i Irang sinh hoc

Da dang loai g i a m , c d
sir (fch lu k i m loai t r o n g
CO Ihc I h i i y sinh vAI, dac
hiCi la cii va sinh vAI
day

Tan sd n d hoa Ihpc vAI
ndi l a n g , m a i d d sinh
k h o i d d n g vftt ndi l a n g ,
nang siutl sinh hoc tang.
<i>M a i ^(^^ sinh k h d i sinh </i>
vAI ndi l a n g , nang su£(t
sinh hoc lang

Man che phat t r i i n I h u y
sinh vAI va anh hirdng
chai hrpng I h i i ca

He sinh thai h d cAn
bang, cac san p h d m ddc
I r o m : chu l i u i h sinh
-Ihuy - dia hoa Ihdp

ChA^t lirpng M P
mrdc

- hi d n h i e m
hoa chAI ddc
- d i n h d u o n g :
M c s o E u l i o [ i h i c

- D i n h (hrong:

F^Ailro-p o l y l i o F^Ailro-p h i c

- D i n h d i r d n g :
E u l r o

-I ) o l y l r o p h i c

- N u d c hi d
n h i i m ddu

- D i n h d i r d n g :
M e o l r o p h i c ,
dap irng Idl c h o
cac nhu cdu sir
d u n g I h u y vuc

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<i><b>"Jtfifj ran ifiag liel fft i,ii Mma hoe nip ^7CtlCi 1999 -2000 </b></i>

<i>Theo k€i qua tfnh loan ciia Vien sinh thai [9] dua tren he sd xuAl ciia cac lieu </i>
chudn ky IhuAl OECD, long lupng phdi pho (TP) jihAn tan la 7.133 - 30.707 kgP

N h u vAy, so vdi ngudn dinh duong d i i m tin ngudn phAn tan nhu hien nay vao
hd la ra't i l , va cd t h i xem nhu nd khdng gAy anh hudng n h i i u dS^ii hd.

Tiir bang 3 cho IhA'y, mudn k i i m soat dupe chAI lupng nude phai d i i u chinh
mot each hpp Iy cac y^u td kinh 1 ^ - xa hdi Iren viing hru vuc.

Hien nay, da cd rA'l n h i i u cdng lihih nghien ciru v i chAI lupng nudc Hd TAy,
song ke^t qua nay khdng ddng nhA't do mdi cdng tiuih chi nghien ciru d mot phdn cua
hd hoac ca hd nhung chi Irong Ihdi gian ngan nen khdng dua ra dupc ke^l luan chuih
xac.

D i k i i m tra, du an da bd Irf mot dpi do chAI lupng mrdc hd lai dja d i i m sau
Inrcyng Chu Van A n vao thang 1/2000 veu 6 d i i m tir bd ra giiia hd (each bd tir I - 6
in) va 3 tdng do: mat, giiia, day. Thdi tiet ngay do: sang nura nhd, c h i i u nang, gid
ye'u, nhiet dp dao ddng khdng Idn 15,8 - 17,3'C. Khu virc nay dupe coi la mot tiong
nhfrng d i i m d nhiem nhA'l ciia hd vl neti dAy canh 3 cdng tluii chinh vao hd (ccfng
Tau Bay, cdng D d , cdng CAy si). Song ke'l qua do tai dAy eho ihAy ham hrpng oxy
hoa lan cung kha cao, D O < 3ing/I chi xuA'l hien 2/56 Idn do d tdng mat, 5/56 Idn do
tai idng gifra va 7/56 Idn do lai tdng day, Irung hhih ca 3 tdng Irong ngay la >5mg/l.
Ke'l qua do ciing cho IhA'y sir ihay ddi DO tir bd ra giua ho Irong d i i u kien thdi tie^t
cu I h i ciia ngay do gdn nlur khdng thay ddi. Nlur vAy, nude Hd TAy vAn sach va
thfch hpp cho cac loai thuy sinh vat trong hd ngay ca ven bd.

I h e o cac tai lieu thu ihAp dupe, cd the Idm lal mdt sd chi lieu co ban ciia
nirdc hd nlur sau:

- V i nhiet dp: Nhiet dp trong Idng hd dao ddng tir 12 - 3 r C [13], ThA'p nhA't
vao thang I hang nam. Do hd cd dien tfch nuU thoang ldn, dp sAu luong ddi nhd (0,6
- 2,8m) nen khdng t h i hien ro sn phAn tdng v i nhiet, nhiet dd nude ho Ihay doi iheo

khdng gian.

<i>- V i | i H : Trj sd p\\ dao ddng liong khoang 7 - 9 va ft thay doi theo khdng </i>
gian, ndili Irong gidi han cho |)hep T C V N 5942 - 1995, thfch hpp cho su phai t r i i n
ciia thuv sinh vAL

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<i><b>7iafi cffa i/afj he? tte ffii khoa hoc etVp ^7f>iX<3 1999 -2000 </b></i>

<i>- D d due nudc hd ndi chung khdng cao nhung lang ddn theo thdi gian. Ham </i>
lupng chat ran Io lirng nhung nam cudi IhAp ky 70 cao gdn gA'p ddi so vdi nam

1990.

- Cac chA't hfru co, dac trung bdi COD, BOD^: Iheo ke't qua nghien cihi ciia Bd
mdn CA'p thoat nude mdi Irudng Ihudc trudng D H X D , 1994, BOD^ Irong khoang 7
-25 mg/k COD: 10 -35mg/l, nhung Iheo ke't qua nghien ciru ciia V i f n sinh thai, 1997
14J uen loan hd tin BOD,: 10,78 - I6,7mg/I, COD: 56,5 - 63,66 mg/I.

- Lupng dxy hoa lan (DO): Ihay ddi ciia DO gifra cac d i i m Irong loan hd gifra
hai mija trong nam 1997 la Idn, chi d mot sd noi IhAp hon so vdi mirc quy dinh cdn
Ihiet ciia ca ( D O <4mg/l), cdn da sd la cao, Inmg buih ca hd la >10mg/l.

- Cac chA't dinh dirdng: NO3, PO4 gd() phdn lluic ddy sU phai I r i i n ciia lao va
thuc vAI nude trong hd, gAy ra hien lupng phi dudng. Tuy nhien, ham lupng I N va
TP d i u 0 dirdi nuie cho |)hep eiia TCVN 5942 - 1995 va vdn dir Ihira cho tao pluil

triin.

- Ham lupng CO^ Irong khoang 0,4 - 1,7 mg/l [I6J, thfch hop cho su phat
t r i i n ciia thuc vAt thuy sinh va ihue vAl ndi tiong nude.

- Ham lupng Si Irong khoang 1 0 - 1 7 mg/l [16], ye'u id nay cdn thi^l cho su
<i>phat t r i i n ciia tao silic, luy nhien d \\6 Tay tao silic phat t r i i n khdng n h i i u va giam </i>
ddn qua cac nam, ne'u nudi trai ngoc tin cdn phan (pian lAm de'n ngudn thirc an nay.

- Ham lupng Fe: Thdng thudng tao silic va nhung lao phat t r i i n Irong miia
khd ngoai ye'u i d nhiet dp cdn ddi hdi phai cd Irong mdi trirdng mdt lupng sat nhA'l
djnh, cdn da sd tao thfch iing nhiel dp I8-25''C chi cdn mdi luong he'l sire nhd (nudc
Hd TAy chira khoang 0,6 - l,8nig/l [16]), khdng anh hirdng de'n d n h i l m va phat
t r i i n sinh vAt

- Ham lupng SO4 lai nhung noi cd nudc thai lAp Irung hoac cdng nghiep vao
khoang 120 - 150 mg/l [16] Idn hon nude thai dan dung 6 - 7 Idn, gAy tac hai cho
thuy sinh val va nudi trdng thuy san.

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<i><b>Tfff/J ffiO fffffg hei Hi iiii lihfin hoe rap ^7(HQ 1999 2000 </b></i>

Cac chat ddc hai liong biin cfing khdng Idn, chua bj d n l i i l m , Irir vai noi cd
b i i u hien d nhiem As, Pb.

- Ddu (sail phdm cua cac hoat ddng tau t h u y i n tren hd) cd ham lupng IhAp,
dao dpng tir 0,1 - 0,3ing/l, chi cd mot d i i m cd ham lupng 0,4 nig/l [3].

- Hien tupng d nhiem v i mat sinh hpc Ihudng cd nguyen nhAn lir nudc thai
sinh hoat, phAn rac,... Cac chi tieu thirdng danh gia d dAy la cac chi sd feaeal
Colifoiin va feacal Slieplococus.

Ke'l qua nghien ciru ciia Irung lAm ky thual mdi Inrdng dd Ihj va khu cdng
nghiep ( D H X D ) [13] cho IhA'y rang cac chi lieu nay Irong hd kha Idn, vupt qua lieu
chudn cho phep ciia nude mat. Sd lupng feacal Coliforin nhd nhAI la 200 con/lOOmI
(miia ddng 1990), Idn nhA'l 4950 con/lOOmI (he 1994). Ke'l qua cung cho IhAy lupng
feacal Coliform va feacal Slieplococus dao ddng theo cac d i i m lAy mdu Irong hd,
gdn cac khu du Ijch djch vu, dAn cu, khach san cd sd lupng Idn hon cac viing khac
<i>va khac nhau theo cac \ha\ gian trong nam. Cac chi lieu nay cd xu hirdng lang ddn </i>
theo [15] vao 1997, Coliform 2.400 - 43.000 le bao/IOOmI trong khi nude sach cho
phep50-240tb/IOOinl

- V i khudn hieu khf trong khoang 16.800 - 102.000 tb/IOOmI mrdc, cd vai l i d
het sire to ldn Irong viec phAn giai cac d i a l huu cO tao ngudn dinh dirdng cho lao.

- Thu'c vat thuy sinh gdm 18 loai [ I 81 pluil I r i i n manh d vimg ven hd, chii ydu

la cac loai beo ong, beo lain, cAy siing, sen, ciic locai rong,... Nhung theo kdt qua
nghien ciru ciia Vu Dang Khoa, Duong Dire Tien (1990) cho tliA'y khdng cd thue vAI
Ihuy sinh trong nude ma chi cd duy nhAt mdi loai beo lAy. Sp bie'n niAl eiia thuc vAl
Ihuy sinh la do:

- Sd lupng tlurc vat ndi kha cao, chie'm uu t h e ' v i ihuc vAl ndi trong hd la tao
lam, lao luc, sau dd la tao silic, tao giap, tao vang, lao mat,... Phdn Idn cae loai tao
xudt hien d i u dac tnrng cho vung nhiem bdn. Su phAn bd lao trong hd theo khdng
gian va ihdi gian i h i hien klui id v i miia mua, thanh phdn loai phong phii hon miia
khd- Tai ciic d i i m d gdn khu dan cu" va khu dich \ u, thUc vAl noi cd sd hrpng va sinh
khdi cao luyn noi khac.

Nlur vAy, ciic ket qiui nghien cdu nhicu nam cho IhA'y clutt hrpng nuc'rc hd
dang bj bien doi kha nhanh do lac ddng cua con ngudi nlur viec xa nucyc thai, pliAn

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<i><b>7W/» eao i/ag he? He iai hhoa hoe etYp ^)7f>ili^ 1999 -2000 </b></i>

rac vho hd, viec nudi hdng va khai Ihac Ihuy san liong hd. Dac biet la cac hoat ddng
du Ijch - djch vu va cac hoat ddng tudi lieu. 1 heo lieu chudn phAn loai ngudn nude
mat trong vung khf hAu nhiet ddi, chat lupng nude hd dang bj d nhiim nhe. Nucfc hd
cd ham lupng cac chat dinh duong, cac chat doc khdng cao. Tuy nhien, cac chi lieu
hfru CO, sd lupng vi triing feacal Coliform, feacal Slieplococus va nhfrng khdi lao la
dang k i , dang lam cho chAI hrpng luriyc suy giam trdm trpng, cd anh hirdng khdng
<i>nhd Idi nang suA'l sinh hoc va kha nang sir dung tdng hop b Hd TAy. Ke'l qua nghien </i>
ciru cho tha'y mirc dd d nhiem mrdc Hd Tay chua dii kha nang nd hoa. Tuy nhien,
chat lupng nudc hd se Ird nen ldi te hon khi tang lupng nudc thai khdng qua xir ly va
ban than hd hien nay dang di de'n vupt qua kha nang lir lam sach.

I L 2 . H i e n t r a n g k h a i tluic va s u clung d IIo l a y

<i><b>IL2J. Khd nang vd hieu trgng khai thac rd nuoi trong thuy sdn: </b></i>
<i>a) Thu'c dn tu' nhien cho cdc lodi thuy S(hi: </i>

<i>Theo diiu tra, long sd loai vi khudn lam \ a lao \l6 Tay la 104 loa,i chimin uu </i>
the la tao luc 48%, lao mat va vi khudn lain chi chie'm 19% va 14%, do dd hd thudc
loai giau dinh dudng nhung dura Idi mirc bj d nhicm.

Su lang diing k i sinh khdi ciia VKL va tao cluing id dinh dirdng khoang ciia
hd da thay ddi nhiiu theo chiiu hudng giau len. ly Id ciia ciic nganh trong tdng sinh
khdi ciing thay ddi nhiiu. Neu nlur nam 1990, nude Hd TAy cdn kha sach do lao mat
va VKL phat Iriin rAt ydu, thi de'n nam 1997 nganh lao giap chi thj cho mrdc chi
cdn chie'm 1%, hai nganh chi thj cho nirdc bdn la liio mat da lang Idi 2% va VKL la
52 % Icjiig sinh khdi.

<i>I h e o khdng gian, cd sU kluie nhau vi can tnic thanh phdn loai thuc vAI ndi </i>
theo liing khu vuc. Ihuc vat vimg ven bd vi thanh pluln loai chii y^u Ihudc cae
nganh lao lam, tao luc, tao null. So phAn bd nay |>liii thudc vao mire giau dinh dirdng
ciia cae vimg bj chat thai dd vao. Tao mdt chi ihay d gdn mieng cdng thai, chi ihj
<i>cho nuac bdn hfru co. Ihuc vAt noi d giiia hd \di uu the' thudc vi lao silic, lao giap, </i>
lao luc. Vdi lao luc Ihudng gap ciic loai thuoc chi Pesdiastrum dac tnrng cho nudc
sach va Irong.

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<i><b>"Jffio eao iiiftg hel He //>/ hhoa hoe ea'p ^7r>Q<} 1999 -2000 </b></i>

thdi Iain sach m d i l i u d n g nudc. T h a n h phdn D V K X S d H d TAy ndi c h u n g la phong
phii so v d i cac thuy vuc khiic ciia H a N d i . Ciic loai D V K X S da gap d dAy c h i i ye'u la
cac loai c d phan b d r d n g , I h u d n g pho bie'n d cac thuy vuc v i i n g d d n g b a n g .

D d n g vat noi k h d n g x u o n g sdng d H d TAy ritl phong phu, phAn b d r d n g ,
c h i 6 n 8 0 % so v d i d d n g vAl day. N d c d Ipi cho viec bao ve m d i I n r d n g va n u d i trdng

thuy san.

D d i v d i d d n g vat diiy lln trong m i i a nura hi g i a m 5 loai (2 loai giap xiic, Hoai
g i u n f l t o , 2 loai hai n u i i i h vd). N g u p e v d i viec lang sd l u p n g loai d d n g vat n d i , c d
t h i V! nudc m u a keo cac chat bdn x u d n g n i n day gAy ra d n h i i m n i n day hay sU
danh bdi qua mirc ciic loai d d n g vAI diiy nay bdi con ngirdi va cac sinh vAl Irong thuy
vuc.

Sd hrpng D V K X S c d xu hudng tang ddi vdi ciic loai thich irng v d i m d i Inrdng
d n h i e m va g i a m ciic loai ihfch iing vdi m d i trudng k h d n g bj d n h i e m t h i hien 0 chd
sd loai I r i m g banh xe ngay cang tang (nam 1996 - 1997 n h i i u hon 2 loai so vdi nam

1981 - 1990 va n h i i u hon 2 0 - 22 loai so vdi nam 1960 - 1976).

T u y n h i e n , sd l u p n g D V K X S trung h/inh hang nam Irong m d i giai doan
<i>I h u d n g lang IhA't t h u d n g , phan anh tinh Irang phirc la|) va k h d n g 6n d i n h ciia ngudn </i>
nirctc tluii thanh p h d Ha N d i .

<i>/;) Ngudn Igi thuy sdn vd hien trgng khai ihdc: </i>

<i>- T h a n h phdn ca g d m 39 loai thudc 13 ho, ho ca chep vdi 25 loai chie'm ty le </i>
cao. H i e n l a i , c d 34 loai cii ndi dja va 5 loai cii nhap. H d u het cac loai ca gap d dAy
la cac loai dac I r u n g cho v i m g d d n g hang Bdc hd. Dac biet la c d 3 loai dirpc cac tac
<i>gia m d la loai m d i t i o n g khoa hpc la Cii houg H d l A y ( M i c r o p c i c o p o h o l a y a Y e n ) , </i>
Ca ddu H d TAy ( l o x a b z a m i s H o l a y e r e s i s H A O ) , C u a n d i d i e i e l l a V i e l n a m i e a D a n g
Ihudc A m p h i p o d a

Cac loai cii nudi g d m 9 Icuii. Ngoai ra cdn cd l d m , dc, t r a i , ha lua c u n g la ciic
d d i t u p n g k i n h te.

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<i><b>7$fio efio iffag he? Hi iiii IJtoa hoe efi'p ^7f>Q,(:J 1999 -2000 </b></i>

San lupng va nang suA't xf nghiep cii thu dirpc thap hon nhiiu so vdi thuc le'danh bdi
vi cdn bi bat trdm.

San lupng va nang suitl ca theo timg loai siin phdm [5] nhu sau:

+ Giai doan tir 1971 - 1978 nang suA't dat 934,4kg/ha trong dd ca nudi clii6n
74,05%. Ca nudi cd sinh san tu nhien chie'm I 1,59%, ca tu nhien chie'm I 1,99%,
tdm va thuy san khac chie'm 2,37%,

+ Giai doan tir 1979 - 1988 nilng suA't dal 8l2,9kg/ha trong dd ca nudi
90,16%, ca nudi cd sinh san lu nhien 4,85%, ca tu nhien 4,38%, ldm va Ihuy san
khac chi chie'm. 0,61%.

Nhhi chung nhdm ca nudi cd nang suat cao hoii mot chut. Cae nhdm ca khac
giam lir 2,82 - 4,55 Idn. Nguyen nhAn clnnh la viec nudi ca da dupe qua lAin, khai
Ihiic ca tir nhien, tdm va ciic thuy san kluic qua mirc, do nhiim bdn, ngudn thirc an
day giam nen ca day va tdm giam nhiiu.

- Ca an noi (me tiang, me hoa) chidm chii yen lir 70,04 - 79,35%, ca an mini
ba hfru co (trdi, rdlui, migial) chie'm 9,55 - 19,66%, ca an day tir 18,71% giam cdn
7,42%, ca an Ihpc vAt lir 1,64 giam cdn 1,43%, cii an tap chiem 0,06 - 1,13%. I y le
nay dura cAn ddi: ca ndi nhiiu, eii diiy it. liong khi dae tinh chung ciia ho lu nhien
vimg ddng bdng tin he lluic an diiy va dan cii diiy rat phat liiin.

Ty le hoan Ira la sd lupng cii (thuy san) danh bat dupe chia cho sd lupng ca
(thuy sail) tha sau mot khoang lhc)i gian. Nhiiu ket qua nghien ciru cho IhA'y: ly le
hoan tra thap, chu yeu la do hd rdng, bien ddng i>luic tai), '?* ^^1 "lu^iu bdn, ca tha
nhd va bj danh bai trdm nhiiu.

Ca chep, trdi, rdhu, trdm den, trdm cd, rd phi dp beo cao, chA't lupng tdt. Ca
me Irang, me hoa, tha sd lupng nhiiu dp beo khdng cao, san phdm thu dupc cd d^n 5
- 6 CO va gia khac nhau. Dang luu y la ca nhd dudi 0,5 kg/con chie'm kha nhiiu.

- Plurcmg tien khai lluic ciia cpi(5c doanh gdm:

+ Ludi: 3 - 4 vang ludi bdc, I vang ludi man, 200 tA'n ludi ben, 20 vang cAu
ra, 20 quo tdnu Quan ly bdng khoiin san phdm (bdng tiin hoac hien vAI).

+ Ihuyen: Diinh cii me dimg 2 caiid, cii chep: 10 thuyin hin, tdm: 50 thuyin

nhd hon.

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<i><b>7?«/» efio ioag hel ife liii hhoa hoe eti'p 1D7r}Ll0. 1999 -2000 </b></i>

- Phuong tien k h a i thac t r d m ciia dAn clui y ^ u la l u d i b e n , cAu ra, cdn cau.
Song k h d n g I h d n g ke dupc sd l u p n g ehinh xiic, ehi thdng ke sd l u p n g bat dupc hi\ng
nam q u a bang d u d i :

- San l u p n g va d d i t u p n g danh bdt: San l u p n g ca c h i t h d n g ke dupc ciia qudc
doanh hang n a m dat 2 0 0 - 6 0 0 ta'n (cao nhA'l la nam 1997 v d i san l u p n g la Iren 650
trfn), g i a i doan sau nam 1995 cao hon g i a i doan trudc d d . .

M a c d i l , san l u p n g danh bat d H d TAy giai doan 1995 de'n nay vAn bi mA't bat
l i d m , n h u n g i i i n n c h u n g nd c u n g phan anh dupe d i m g h i f n Irang v i san hrpng ca
Irong h d . B h i h quAn Irong 5 nam (1995 - 1999) la 5 7 4 ta'n. N^u tfnh trung b u i h ciia
la't ca cac loai danh bat la 5.000 V N D / k g ta cd l o n g doanh thu ciia m d i nam la:
5 7 4 . 0 0 0 k g X 5.000 V N D / k g = 2,87 ty V N D / n a m . T r o n g d d , chi phf danh b a i , nudi
d u o n g , p h u o n g lien,... udc Ifnh la 3.000 V N D / k g . Cdn lai 2.000 V N D / k g cd t h i c o i

la Ipi fell hd tao i a m a k h d n g cd ddm hd nhAn lao nao c d dupc. N h u vAy, c d I h i ude
Inih ra l o n g l p i fch m a hd m a n g lai m d i nam la: 2.000 V N D / k g x 574.000 k g =

1,148 ly V N D / n a m . L p i fch nay cd dupe do hd cd k l u i nang to c u n g cAp thirc an tir
ciic loai thuy sinh vAI trong hd ( 1 0 4 loai thpc vat phii du + V K L , 18 loai thpc vAI
thuy s i n h , 5 4 loai D V K X S ) . N g o a i ra, pluii k i den la c l u i n g ta k h d n g null t i i n cho
<i>xAy hd di n u d i ca, k h d n g phai xir Iy nudc nudi cii hang nam vi d dAy da cd m p i cct </i>
cAu g i d n g hpp ly v i k i n h te c i i n g nlur m d i I r u d n g .

<i>N u d i ca d H d TAy k h d n g n h u n g lAn d u n g dupe mdt dien tfch t u nhien \6n san </i>
cd c u n g cAp sail l u p n g ca ldn eho dan tlui d d nui nd cdn phuc vu rAl n h i i u muc dfch
kluie n h u :

- N u d i ea la nipt t r o n g ciic bien pluip chii yeu d a m bao n i d i Inrdng nude hd
Irong sach phuc vu d u l j c h va t h i thao. Ca an sinh vAI phii d u , sinh vAl day, m i m ba
hiiu CO, vi sinli vAI lam cho hd fl bj hoang hoa, g i a m dp d n h i i m . M d i trirdng nude
hd trong sach va b i n virng lai phuc vu tdt eho n g h i ca pluil t r i i n lAu b i n .

- N u d i ca c u n g cA|) cac thuy dac san cho cac kluich san, cac khach d u l j c h ,
lam d j c h vu va tao ra san l u p n g cii gd[) |>han nAng cao ddi sdng ciia nhAn dAn.

- N u d i cii tao ra canh quan dep, ciic ddi tupng thuy san cpiy va dep phuc vu
v u i c h o i giai t r i va du Ijch.

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<i><b>'Jff'to rao f/ng hil Hi iiit hhoa hoe tap <?)7rU0 1999 2000 </b></i>

<i>- N u d i ca lao d i i u k i e n va m d i Inrdng cho ciic nganh khac pluil I r i i n va cfmg </i>
nhAn dupe su h d I r o c i i a ciic nganh khac d i |>lial l i i e n nham khai thac l i i m nang cac
<i>v i i n g U6 TAy c d hieu qua. </i>

N g o a i su hd l i p ciia cac nganh trong \ i c c cung cAp lluic an cho thuy san i h i
su phat I r i i n <itia nn'rc ciia ciic nganh d d se ddn liti Tmh t i a i i ^ ngirpc vdi nhfrng gi
c l u i n g la m o n g d p i , d d la: sU d n h i i m nUorc h d , sir n u l l m y quan k h u vUc tir d d anh
hiriyng I r d lai k'yi su phai t i i e n cua n g h i ca va ciia chfnh cac nganh n g h i d d Irong hru
vue.

<i>}]6 l A y cdn la ngudn c u n g cAp lir nhien n h i i u loai khac Irong dd n h i i u nhAI </i>
<i>la t d m cang - la I loai noi tieng a \\6 TAy (bimh I d m ) . l d m d \\6 l A y I d n , ldn nhAt la </i>
<i>8-13 c m , nang 8-12 g | 2 | , t d m cang d ]16 l a y \6n nhAI t r o n g cac hd ndi Ihanh, cho </i>
<i>thu hoach (pianh n a m . Tuy n h i e n , san humg tir nam 1977-1994 c h i dat k h o a n g 1,5 </i>
lA'n/nam, nam 1995-1996 lang len dat 5-6 lAii/nam va cte'n nay ( 1 9 9 7 - 1 9 9 9 ) lang gA'p
3 Idn, dat k h o a n g 16-18 l a n / n f m i , nhung san lupng nay vAn k h d n g bang san hrpng
khai tluic n h u n g nam 6(^ (35 tan/nam | 2 ] ) .

<i>n.2.2. Khai Ihdc sii dung lid Tdy Ihen hudng du lirh - dich vu: </i>

H d TAy c d l i i m nang du lich rat hVn, sone hicn nay viec khai lluic nd con lAI
it va chua c d q u y hoach cu the tao ra Ihih l i a n g cd noi c u n g virpt cdu nhirng cd noi
cdu lai vupt c u n g , anh h u d n g xAu tdi hd. Ciic l i i m nang du l j c h d hd lAy cd t h i k i

den la:

- Canh q u a n : v d i k h d n g gian r d n g , khf han tdi vi dupc d i i u hoa bdi hon 500ha
mat nude, 9 trieu ni^ nudc - la la phdi ciia thanh p h d g i i i p cho viec d i i u hoa k h f hAu
k h u VUc. Phong canh dep va Iho m d n g hie'm ihay vdi n h i i u loai cAy c d b d n g mat, c d
hoa quanh n a m , n h i i u lang hoa, cAy can!) ndi tieng da d i vao tho ca va k y n i e m ciia
n h i i u the' he.

- V d i n h i i u di tfch l i c h sir ; Cd Ihc n(')i I Id l a y la mdt ncri cd rAt n h i i u chiia,
d i n , va n h i i u cac di tfch Ijch sir khac, day la nhirng di tfch nam ngay sat h d , du

k l u i c h de'n dAy k h d n g n h i i n g duoc c h i e m ngudng canh dep ciia chiia ma cdn dirpc
<i>t h u d n g Ihirc k h d n g k h i t x m g lanh, thoang dang ciia \\6 TAy, ngoai l a cdn dirpc </i>
t h u d n e *hirc n h i i u n u u i an noi tieng ciia dja pluuvng ( h i m dc, banh t d m ) .

<b>17 </b>

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<i><b>^ffo etto Idttg hel He ifii hh*ia hoe ea'p ^J7fil0 1999 2000 </b></i>

- N h i i u lang n g h i l i u y i n Ihdng nlur trdng hoa, cAy canh... ma liinh do san
xuA't da dat d^n nuie nghe ihuAI.

V d i nhfrng ihuAn Ipi Iren, Hd TAy dupc xem nlur la mdt noi giai Irf nghi ngoi
ciia ngirdi dAn Ihii dd. Cd lA't n h i i u hoai ctdng giai tif - du Ijch Iren hd cfmg nhu xung
<i>quanh \\6 TAy: du I h u y i n , can ca,... NhA'l la h i f n nay, khi can bd cdng nhAn vien </i>
dupe nghi them ngay thu 7, sd hrpng ngirdi Iham gia cac hoat ddng nay se lang ien
nhanh chdng.

V d i mdi vj Irf thuAn Ipi, viia khdng tdn t i i n xAy dung h i , vira khdng mA't t i i n
thay nudc do nUcfc d dAy dupe lam sach bdng nudi ca, lai nam d ngay liung lAm Ihii
dd, nudc ndng va trong lA't tluiAn Ipi cho cac hoat ddng vui choi giai Irf Irong hd.
Tuy nhien, Irong Ihih Innh hien nay, d nhiing ncri mrdc sach dii d i boi Ihl lai nam d
nhfrng vj Irf khdng thuAn Ipi cho mpi ngircyi den boi, cdn nhfrng luti ihfch hpp cho
<i>boi nhu la mdt bai lam tin lai h'\ d n h i i m ldn vdi n h i i u rac thai. </i>

CAu ca ciing la mdt hhih lluic luY|) ddn ddi vdi nhirng ai cd tfnh kien t i i hoac
ren l u y f i i dire Ifnh kien l i i . Hoat ddng nay tuy nuVi xuAl hien d indt co nhd cua Hd

TAy nhung da Ihu luil dupc lAl n h i i u du khach Iham gia.

Ngoai ciic hoai ddng boi ldi, cAu ca, ccin n h i i u hoat ddng khiic nhu du

I h u y i n , ludt viin. DAy la hoat ddng ed mat chfnh ijulc sdm nhAI liong eae hoat ddng
0 uen null nude. Hien nay Iren hd phd bie'n hai hmh lluic du t h u y i n la:

- Du t h u y i n Iren hd bang thuyin phao (liudc kia la thuyin gd)
- Du t h u y i n ldn quanh hd (kem theo an udng)

Bang 4: Sd lupng ciic doanh nghiep Iham gia hoat ddng du t h u y i n (Ihih trong nam
2000)

SI r
1
2
3

len doanh ngliiep

Cdng ly ddu tu khai tluic Hd TAy
<i>Cdng ty djch vu thuong mai TAy \\6 </i>
Cdng ty cd phdn nha lu^i Hd l a y

<i>S6 phuong lien </i>
50

1
5

Ghi chil
t h u y i n phao
t h u y i n ddu
t h u y i n ddu

<i>(Ngudn: Ihd'ng kc iua phdng Kinh tc - UBNI) (/ifun Tdy Ho, 2000} </i>

</div>
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<i><b>^inn nigi l^„q Uf'f ft} liii hliitn lioe nVp <7)7fi(J_C^ 1999 -20(Ut </b></i>

Hoat ddng giai tii a klui virc nay cung rat pliong plui vl dfty co th^ coi nlur la
ni6t c6ng vien lir nhidn Ion cua thanh pho. Flaiig ngay vao cac biioi sang hay c h i i u ,
rfft d6ng ngu6i ra d.ly de' dao mat hay di tAp the due. A i cung cam thjTy thoai mat
dugc hirong bdu khong khf trong lanh, thoang mat tai Ho T.ly sau mot ngay lam viec
cang thang va trong moi truong bj 6 nhiem.

<i>V 6 i hang loaf nhuiig thurln Igi \i canh quan va mdi tructng, nen H6 1 j^y dugc </i>
xem la trung tam du lich - van hoa - the thao cua Ihu do. Dat ddu vdi qudn the' giai ttf
<i>or H6 Tay voi tdng dien tich la 64.203 m\ Qudn llie' giai Iri nay g6in co 4 khu chfnh </i>
phuc VII cho cac muc dfch giai trf - the thao gOm: Cong vien nudc (.35.560 m') thoa
man cac nhu cdu vui choi ve nudc, Cong vien Vdng Frfuig (12.0.10 m') phuc vu cac
l i o choi khac, Can lac bg Ih^ thao - van hoa Ho l a y (8.610 m') va cuoi cimg la Nha
djch vu da nang vdi nhieu locii hinh phuc vu bao gom an udng, xem phim,... Cdng
vien Ho r a y dirge xem nlur la cdng vien ldn niial ciia tlui dd va phuc vu cho tdt ca
cac ddi tugng vdi nhieu loai hinh giai trf, nd khac vdi cac cdng vien tnrdc day chu
ye'u phue vu cho thieu nhi hay nhung nha hang khach Scan phuc vu rieng cho muc
dfch an udng la chfnh. Tai cdng vien Ho l a y chiing ta khdng nhung dirge thirdng
Ihiic nhieu loai hinh trd choi, cluing la con dugc lluidng tiiiic va ngam loan bd canh
quan Hd Tay tir 2 phfa cua cdng vien.

Vdi Igi the' canh quan, cung vdi sir in doi va phai liie-n ciia cac dich vu du
licii-vui choi giai trf la su Ion lai va |ihal trien ciia dich vu an udng. Hoat ddng nay
da phat liien lir lau, nhung manh nhat la lu 1990 deu nay. Du khach de'n day de'
Ihudng lluic caiili dep va cac mdn an ndi lieng cua Hd Tay la chfnh, nen cac hoat
ddng phuc vu cho du kluich elu' phai Irien manh d xung quanh hd.

Bang 5: Sd lugng cac nha hang khach san thai nude la hd [3J

S I T
1
2
3
4
5
"6
Phudng
Budi
Xuan La
Yen Phu
Quang An
Nhal ran

I huy Khue
rdng cdng

I'diig sd nha hang - khach san
5
<b></b>
-35
27
2
7
70

</div>
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<i><b>"Tfao efio iffag he? He liii hhoa hoe ea'p <T>7fjiX0 1999 2000 </b></i>

Hoat ddng du Ijch - dich vu ddng gdp mdi sd liin khdng nhd vao ngAn sach
nha nudc. Tuy nhi^n, hoat ddng nay ngoai Ipi nhuan Ihdng Ihudng nhu cac noi khac,
con dupc mdt phdn Ipi nhuSn khac lir canh quan d ddy (khdng mffi tiin mua canh
quan cho hoat dpng kinh doanh ciia mhih). Tuy dura nhan th^iy dirpc tdm quan trpng
true tie^p ciia canh quan, nhu cdu vui choi giai Irf - an udng cua ngudi ddn chua cao
<i>VI vay khai thac th^ manh cua canh quan dura ldn, niu udc tfnh chi^m 10%x t6ng </i>
thu^ thu dupc tu cac hoat ddng kinh doanh nay tin ddng gdp ciia Hd TSy vao
khoang 1,7 ly VND/nam.

<i>IL23. Voc iinh cdc Ini fch khdc </i>

<i>Tit Irudc d6'n nay Hd Tdy dupc coi la hd cd kha nang diiu hoh nudc tha'p </i>
(Pham Ngpc Dang, 1993) do vung sinh thuy hru MIC khdng Idn. luy nhi6n, chi Ihih
hrpng nura lien luu vuc nhd nay va tren mat hd dupe luu giu Iai cung cho thdy kha
nang giam ngSp img cho ndi Ihanh khi nura Idn. Chang han, vdi dpt nura 50mm hd
cd thi giu va diiu hoa cd 250.000nr^ nude nuia vdi chirc nang nay, hd gdp phdn
giam difn tfch va thdi gian ngAp img vimg ndi thanh. Day la Ipi fch cdn |)hai ghi
nhan ddi vdi Hd Pay.

<i>Hifn nay, ll6 Pay cd vai trd to Idn hon vl nd la noi chira iiiri'rc thai cho mdt </i>
lupng ldn ngudi dan va eac hoat ddng kinh 16'diiu ra quanh hd ngay cang lang. K^l
qua diiu Ira [3] cho duty, lieng viing hru vue pina dudng Thuy Kluid da cd 15 cdng
thai nhd cua timg cum gia dhih dd vao hd. Trong ciic cdng nudc thai vao hd dang k i
la cdng Pan Bay, nuiong Do, cdng Cay si.

Vdi long lupng nude thai vao hd qua ciic cdng thdng ke dirpc khoang gdn
20.000 mV"g'^y-d6»u. Dd la khdng k i den ciic tu diem do nude khac xung quanh hd
ma chiing la khdng Ifnh dupe, vf chi xet rieng cac nha hang khu vuc phii Tay Hd
(Phu luc 8) Irung hinh mdi nha hang thai ra 5ni' nudc/ngd, ta da cd long lupng nudc
thai cho 31 nha hang thudc khu vUc nay tiong mdi ngay la I55m7ngd, dd la mot

lupng ra'l nhd Irong tdng sd hang tram nha hang, khach san Idn nhd trong khu vuc
Hd 1 ay deu xa thang xudng hd.

•h Neu le phf cho xir ly Inv^ nude la 250()d [I6J Ihi da giam dupe
20-000x2500 =50.000.000 d/ngd. Nlur vay, hang nam chimg la da giam dirpc chi phf
la : 50.000.000 d/ngd x 365 ngay = 18,25 ly VND/nam

</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(28)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=28>

<i><b>^iao eao tiiftg he? Hi iiii h/toa hoe efi'p</b><b> 'D7CJH^</b><b> 1999 -2000 </b></i>

+ N^u chi xet kha nang xir Iy BOD, thi la da giam dupc: 277,7 ta'n BOD5 x 5
tri6u VND/ttfn = 1,4 ty VND/nam, ng^u tfnh ca cae khu dan cu xung quanh khdng
thai nudc qua cac cdng li^n Ihi l6ng chi phf cung phai mat khoang 2 ty VND/nam
cho xir ly minh BOD5. Ngoai ra, hang nam hd cdn la noi chira COD ma nudc thai
<i>dua vao hd, \\€u tfnh chi |)hi cho xir ly Irong mot nha may xir Iy nudc thai thi vdi </i>
ham lupng COD nay cung phai mat khoang: 649,4 tan COD x 5lrieu VND = 3,25 ly
VND/nam.

Bang 6: Ham lupng BOD5, COD ciia nuoc thai vao hd

Cdng

Cdng

Cdng

Cdng

Cdng

Cdng
Tau Bay

<i>nha may gia'y Timy Klui6 </i>
daji cu phudng I h u y Khu6

<b>D5 1 "^^ I I </b>

khach saiiJPayJJd

nha nghi C ^ (^iiang Ba
kluich ^ n i M n g Lpi

Cay si

Luu lirgng
mVngdem
2592
500
500
3628
335
173
320
10281
18329
BOU5
ngdem
(mg/l)
56,1
34,5
90
55,25
67,4
S5,3
78,2
2S,24
nam
(ta'n)

53,07509
6,29625
16,425
73,16316
8,241335
5,386269
9,13376
105,9724
277,6933

COD

ngdem

(nig/l)
120
60
IIO
100
160
175
176
85,6
nam
(ta'n)
113,5296
10,95
20,075
132,422
19,564
11,05038
20,5568
321,2196

649,3673

Cong

Cong

long

<i>{Ghi chu: Cdc thdng so BOD^, COD duoc lay tin/i'.i hinh trong 2 nn)a nura vd khd). </i>
Hd Tay cd gia tri to ldn vi ngudn gen, vi da dang sinh hpc vdi du cac loai
ddng Ihuc vat Ii6n can cihig nhu dudi nudc, cimg vdi hang loal ciic dac san cd gia Iri
nhu tdm, ba ba, dc,... Trong dd cd nhiiu loai lluidc loai quy hidm, nhiiu loai cd Ifin
trong sach dd Vi6l Nam nlur:

+ Ca vin (Megalohiama lerminalio)

+ Ca tiani den (Mylopharyngodon piceus)
+ Ca xdp (Ophiocephahis Sirialus)

+ Vii ddu den (Aylhya baieri)

Sd lieu Ihdng ke cua dp an diiu Ira co ban 1997 [4]
+ Tlurc vat |)liu du va vi khudn lam: 104 loai

+ lluic vat Ihuy sinh; 18 loai (5 loai heo, 8 loai rong, 5 loai cd la noi tren mat
nude)

4- Ddng vat phu du: 40 loai
+ Ddng vai diiy: 14 loai

</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(29)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=29>

<i><b>"Tfao fffo Ifiag he? ife iiii hhoa hoe eii'p ^76Q0 1999 -20no </b></i>

+ Ca: 39 loai

Hd thuc su la bao lang sdng phong phii ngay Irung tam llui dd, la noi thuc
l^P' "ghi6n cuu ciia nhiiu sinh vi6n, can bd nghien ciru. Tuy nhidn, hifn nay cimg
vdi qua trinh phat triin su da dang ciia hd da hi ^iam di rat nhiiu (xel d cac phdn
tren). VI vay, mudn giu viing va phuc hdi da dang sinh hpc nlur vdn cd cua nd ddi
hdi phai cd nhung nghien ciru long quat, Irong Ihdi gian dai va cd cac bifn phap bao
ve hd dac biet la phai nhanh chdng xay dung he ihd'ng xir ly nude thai xung quanh
hd.

Ngoai cac lpi fch tren cdn cd nhiiu cac lpi fch khac nlur nirdc phuc vy cho
<i>sinh hoat (hien nay vai hd gia dhih vdn sir dung nude Hd tay di sinh hoat nhu tdm, </i>
giat,...), nhung dang luu y la sir dung nirdc cho hoai ddng ndng nghiep. Hd dupc
Ihdng vdi cdng Xuan La - la cdng diiu hoa hrpng mrdc cho khu vuc hd va cung la
cdng cung ca'p cho nude cho he Ihd'ng thuy Ipi d khu vpc Xuan La.

<i>\\6 lay la noi diiu hoa khf lulu cho loan I la Ndi, diiu dd tha'y rd qua chi sd: </i>
+ Chi rieng difn Ifch mat nude Hd Tay tren ddu ngirdi loan Ihrmh phd da dat
khoang 2 mVngudi vao nam 1999. N6u chi ti'nh trdn ddu dan ndi thanh thi dal
khoang 4 mVngudi. Diiu nay cang chiing td dupc ldm quan trpng ciia ho ddi vdi mdi
<i>ngudi, hon nua, d i lao ra mdi hd nlur \\6 lay la nidi diiu rdi khd khan ddi vdi mdt </i>
tlui dd nlur Ha Ndi cung nlur nhiiu thii dd khac ticn loan the'gidi.

Hd ray con la noi diiu hoa nude mua cho khu vuc Ha Ndi: chi Ihih nudc
trong h d d a n g Icm tin ca hd chira dupe: 5.261.627 x 1/100=5.261,627 m \

7rong nhung nam gdn day, do sU pluil liicn nhanh chdng, khdng theo quy
hoach d luu vpc hd (lij cac kdt qua tihih bay tren) ddn den sU bidn doi nhanh chdng
chat lupng nude hd qua ciic nam, li^r dd anh hudng tiUc tiep den cac loai ihuy sinh
vat trong nude, lam tang cac loai cd hai cho sp phiit triin ciia thuy sinh vat cung nhu
con ngudi, do dd khdng nhung giam lupng lluic an tp nhien cho ca ma cdn lam mat

rai nhiiu cae lpi fch khac vdn va se jihal Iriin d I Id l a y nhu cac hoat ddng vui choi
giai Irf, du lich,... tham chf cd Ihi trd Ihanh ddm hiy va cudi cimg thi khdng cdn hd
<i>nua (theo quy hull jihat tiieii \y\ iihitMi cua hd). </i>

Nhiiu Ipi fell cua I Id Tay ral lo ldn khdng ihi linh Ihanh liin dirpc. Tdng hop
nidi sd Ipi fell chinh dupc Ihih bay Iren bang 6.

</div>
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<i><b>liao e/tjO i^ftg hel Hi itU hhoa hoe eti'p ^7Cil0 1999 -2000 </b></i>

<i>Tu bang nay cho tha'y, chi Ihih nhihig gia Iri cd Ihi udc tuih dirpc bang liin, </i>
mdi nam I ha Hd Tay cd Ihi sinh Ipi 16 Irieu ddng. Day la giii li j ldn so vdi san xuat
ndng nghiep hien nay ciia viing Ddng bang Bac Bd.

Bang 7: Tdm tat ciic Ipi fch chnih ciia Hd Tay

SPT Cac lpi fch Thanh l i i n / nam

Cac Ipi fch tfnh ra dupe bang t i i n
I

2
3

Tir n g h i ca

Cung ca'p canh quan cho du lich
Xir Iy nudc thai

1.2 ty V N D
1.7 ty V N D

5,0 ly V N D
Cac Ipi fch khdng Inih ra dupe bang l i i n

4
5
6
~ " 7 ~

8
9
10

Cung cap cdng viec cho ngirdi dan

Cung ca'p noi vui choi giai Irf cho ngirdi dan thii dd
Cung cap noi cho nghien ciru khoa hpc

D i i u hoa khf hau va nude mua cho khu vUe

La noi bao tdn cac loai ddng vat ghi Irong sach dd
Cung ca'p nudc cho sinh hoat va ndng nghif])
Ddng gdp vao ngan sach ciia nha mrdc

n . 3 . Qiiini Iy mdi trudng khu vuc Hi) I ay
<i>IL3J. Co so de qudn ly moi irudng Hd Tdy </i>

Theo quye't dinh sd 473 BXD/KIQD nam 1994 cua Bd tiuiyng Bd xay dung
phe duyet quy hoach chi tiet khu vuc Ho Tay thanh: "...trung tam giao dich qudc te,
dich vu, van hoa Ihi thao va la vung bao ve canh quan thien nhien phuc vu cho cac
hoat ddng vui choi giai lif cua Ihu dd"

DAy la mot quyet dinh dimg dan va kip thdi, xac dinh id hirdng phai triin cua
vung hd se la bao ve canh quan mdi Irudng lam cO sd de plial triin du ljch va djch
vu. Ciic nhiem vu dd cdn dupe quan ly mdi each ddng bd va nhdl la cdn cd cac quy
djnh chi lieu cu thi cho lung nganh, dpa Iren cac (|uan diim clunh sau:

- Quan diim Ijch sd: Bao ldn, Idn tao va phat liiin ciic dac diim Ur nhien va
van hoii, cac di lich da dupe xe|) hang, chdng xudng cdp ciic co sd nay, sau dd la lu
siia va nang cap dan, giir nguyen ciic ten lang cd, ICMI phd cd da cd Inmg lich so va

gan lien vdi cac Iruyen Ihuyel, khdi phuc c;ic len lich su da hi mat di. Ng(uii la, nen

</div>
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<i><b>"Bno efto aing he? itl iiii Idioa hoe ejYp <B7CQS 1999 2000 </b></i>

xay dung ihem cac co sd van hoa d vimg luu vuc hd nhu: dai difn van hoa cac dan
tdc, xay dung them cac chua va di Ifch each mang.

- Quan diim phai Iriin: Cdn xac djnh va quy hoach sdm vung luu vuc cua hd
dp kie'n se md d i lao Ihanh qudn t h i van hoa ldn. Xac djnh vimg phd'i hpp rdng hon
d i lao ra mdt khdng gian ldn va hoan chinh sau nay.

- Quan diim sinh thai: Day la quan diim chii dao ed Ihih chat bao tiiim cho
loan bd su phat triin chung ciia vung ho trong dd lay hd lam tiung tam cho sU pluil
liiin.

<i>• Giu nguyen cac canh quan thien nhien \6n cd, khdi phuc cac canh quan </i>
da bi mat.

• Phat Iriin them cac tham cd, cay xanh Iren luu vue hd dudi nhiiu hinh
thirc.

• Han che' ldi da dp cao ciia ciie cdng tihih, cac nha cao tdng trdn hru vuc va
xung quanh hd.

<i>- Quan diem \6 cluic lien nganh: Khai Ihac va phat tiiin viing hd phai dira </i>
<i>tren co sd cae uu the' cua U6 Pay vi nhiiu Ifnh vpc: nudi trdng thuy san, du lich, </i>
diiu duong, thuong mai,... VI Vcly, giai phap quy hoach tdng lip|} cd sp tham gia cua
nhiiu nganh, hnh vpc la lA'l cdn Ihicl d i phat liicn viing hd.

<i>11,3.2. Cdc cdug cu kinh ie xd hgi trong qudu ly hd Tdy </i>

Cac va'n d i cdng nghe, nghie|i vu chuyen mdn trong quan ly hd Tay ndi
chung va nidi Irudng vimg ho ndi ridng da duoc d i cap liong nhiiu cdng liinh
nghien ciru va mdt phdn da dupe Irinh hay d cac pluln tren. Dudi day cluing tdi chi
xin dua la mot sd cdng cu kinh te xa hdi, g6|i jilidn quan ly hd Pay idt hon.

Trudc het cdn tiep luc lien hanh quy liojich khai Ihac va phat triin kinh te xa
<i>hdi khdng gian \\6 lay mdt each chi liel, khoa hoc tien co sd dam bao duy trl, bao </i>
tdn ciic cdng liinh van hoii lMi\in Ihdng vdi vice xay dung, md idng cac cdng liinh
kinh te', xii hdi, dAn cn iiKvi hicn dai, hai hoa, kcl hop vdi cac dai cay xanh va dudng
xa di lai iHing khu vpc thuan lien, hop ly, dep null. Ddng Ihdi cd bifn phap dam bao
cho quy hoach dd dupc lluic Ihi cd hieu lire lien tlurc id Irong qua trmh khai thac,
pluil trien kinh le - xa hdi khdng gian l l d ' i a y .

</div>
<span class='text_page_counter'>(32)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=32>

<i><b>7$ao e/iO long hil Hi hii hlau, hoe efi'p m7fAX<3 1999 2000 </b></i>

Cd gdng xdc djiilup q"v^" '^7" q"^" ly sir dung Hd Tay ciia cac co quan lien
quan, cd nhu vay hp mdi lap dupc kd' hoach ddu tu sif dung Klu dai theo muc lieu
<i>hieu qua kinh Xi cao, ve sinh mdi trudng dupe duy tii, cai Ihien. </i>

Ddi vdi cac du an sap dirpc xay dpng d khu vuc nay cdn phai tie'n hanh lap
bao cao danh gia lac ddng mdi trudng.

Nghien ciru danhphf/lhue' mdi trudng ddi vdi cac hoai ddng san xudl kinh
doanh d khu vuc Hd Pay nham thuc hien nguyen lac ''ngudi gAy d nhiim phai tra
liin" va "ngudi lieu diing phai tra liin". Cd ra'l nhiiu nha hang, khach san,... dirpc
hudng lpi do mdi Irudng Hd Tay dem lai nhu khdng khf thoang mat, canh quan dep
tao diiu kien cho hp kinh doanh nhung cho de'n nay chua ai phai tra tiin lieu dimg lir
ngudn Ihien nhien nay. Vi vay, cdn |)hai lien hanh danh phf/thue'nidi Inrdng cho cac
CO sd nay, nuie phf/thue' nay phai cao hon cai phf cdn thiet d i xiV ly d nhiim, nham
budc cac eo sd nay phai day manh phiil Iriin ky tluull chdng d nhiim.

riiidc nam 1994, Hd PAy chua cd ngudi quan ly chhih thirc nen nhfrng hoat
ddng kinh Id', xa hdi d khu vpc nay dien ra ldn xdn, gAy ra d nhiem, null cAn bang
sinh thai. 'IhA'y dupc tdm quan Irpng cua vAn d i nay, ngay 12/1 I/I994 Uy ban nluln
dan thanh phd cd cpiye't djnh sd 3042/QD-UB giao cho cdng ly ddu lu khai lluic I Id
TAy (Cdng ty Hd lay) quyin quiui ly loan bd didn tfch Hd TAy va hd Iiiic Bach.

'Puy nhien, cdng ty Hd lAy chi cd quyin quan ly hoat ddng nudi trdng, khai
lluic Ihuy sail, ma khdng cd quyin quye't djnh cac hoat ddng phat tiiin d vimg xung
quanh cd thi gAy ra d nhiim, anh hudng de'n sp ton tai ciia cac sinh vAI Irong hd.
Diiu nay da, dang va cd Ihc se gAy ra sp niAu ihuAn trong quan ly cung nhir Ipi fch
giua cac nganh, niAu thudn vdi muc lieu phat Iriin bin virng. Do vAy, cdn nghien ciru
he thdng quan ly, chinh sach, quy djnh ridng cho vimg Hd TAy, kdi hpp dirpc cac
hoat ddng, quyin lpi vi mdi mdi.

<i>Rien<J van di cpuin ly d nhiim, cd thi sir dung cac cdng cu kinh \€ khac. Ddi </i>
vdi VLTDT, cola d nhiem cd ihi sd dung d i khdng die nuie thai. I h e o dd, cd thi
xem xel kha nang cluia va dong hoa dull thai ciia hd TAy d i phat hanh mdt sd loai
cola pluil Ihai cho BOU, COU, IvSS,... Nghia la, mudn xa thai ra hd phai mua cac

loai cola luong img. ^ 'dta xa thai cd thi cluiyin nhupng, vi vAy cac chu du an cd thi
<i>diiu dinh nuia lai cola di xa thai khi cdn. DAy la cdng cu giiip ginm thiiu chi phf </i>

nluit Ihdi \ a khdng d i e , kiim soat dupc nuie d nhiim.

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<i><b>"Jhio eftn iSag hei Hi iiii It/ioa hoe CfVp ^7fjQ0 1999 -2000 </b></i>

<b>II.4. M o t Si) kef luan </b>

1. Hd TAy la mot vung lanh thd cd nhiiu nel dac Ihii cdn phai dupe tie'p tuc
nghien ciru:

" La hd tu nhien luong ddi Idn.

• Cd nhiiu thang canh, nhiiu di tfch, chiia chiin ,... dep
• Nam giOa long thanh phd dang phai Iriin.

2. Hd TAy la ngudn tai nguydn ddi dao phuc vu cho su phat Iriin kinh id xa
hpi ciia Thii dd Ha Ndi ndi ridng va ciia ca nudc ndi cluing. Ngoai chirc nang cung
<i>cap lai nguyen, \16 TAy con la khdng gian sdng, la dja diim nghi ngoi, giai Irf ly </i>
ludng cho ngirdi dan 'llui dd va khach du Ijch. Hd l a y con la noi cd thi chira va
ddng hoa mdt so loai dull thai phat sinh trong sinh hoat va ciic hoat ddng phat triin
kinh te', xa hdi Irdn dja ban Ha Ndi. Hd Tay cdn cd cluic nang vd cimg quan Irpng,
dd la diiu hoa khf lulu, diiu hoa nude mua, gdp phdn to ldn vao vide lidu thoiil mrdc
ciia thanh phd Ha Ndi, giam img ngAp cho mot sdkliii vpc vao miia nuia.

3. Hd TAy da va dang dupc khai thac phuc vu nhiiu muc dich khac nhau nhu
nudi tlui, diinh bat ca, du lich, djch vu, nghi ngoi giai trf,... va da thu dupc hifu qua
kha cao. Tuy nhidn, do chua cd quy hoach pluit tiiin loan didn ndn mdt sd hoat ddng
nay da va dang cd lac ddng lieu cue, lam giam ciic cluic nang vdn cd cna hd. H o n g

thdi gian tdi cdn cd sp nghien ciru ddng bd ca vi hnh vpc tu nhien, kinh 1^ xa hdi va
luAl j)hap de cd Ihi khai thac, sir dung Hd lay tdt hon, vua mang lai Ipi fch cao vira
bcio ve dupc cac cluic nang va mdi trirdng vimg hd.

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<i><b>^ ^ - . « . / / „ , , he? Hi ifii IJ.^a hoe eiYp rB7OQ0 1999 2000 </b></i>

TAI LIEU THAM KIlAo

I Bd KHCNMT, 1995. Cac tidu chudn nha nude Viet Nam vi mdi trirdng.
Tap I; Chat lupng nudc.

2. Cdng ty ddu tu khai thac Hd Tay, 1996 , Bao cao tdng kd't d i tai "Diiu tra
nang Ipc phat triin va dinh hudng khai thac long hpp vung nude Hd Tay".

3. Cdng ty ddu tU khai thac Hd Tay, 1996, Bao cao long hop thpc hidn nhiem
vu du an "Diiu tra co ban vd md trudng, va cac gi:u phap bao vd mdi trirdng khu vuc

Hd

ray.

<i>4. Cdng ty ddu tu khai thiic \\6 Tay, 1997, Bao cao tdng kdt dp an "Diiu Ira </i>
CO ban vi mdi trudng va cac giai |)hap bao vd mdi Irudng khu vuc I Id Pay

1996-1997".

5. Cue mdi trudng, 1996, Hdi thao khoa hoc vi Ho TAy.
6. Cue mdi trudng, 1999, Giao tiinh kinh te mdi Irudng

7. Bui TAm 1 rung va nnk. Mdt sd bidn phap chhih sach va quy djnh bao vd
khu vue hd Tay. Biio cao dp an X a c giai phap bao vf mdi Inrdng khu vpc hd 'Pay",

1998.

8. Hoang XuAn Co va nnk, I iep cAn i^luln ti'cli chi phi Ipi ich md rdng ddi vdi
dp im nudi Irdng Ihuy san vimg ven biin l i i n Hai, Ihiii Binh- trong bao cao Dp iui:
Quan ly long hop vimg ddt ngAp nude ven hiin Tiin Hai do Trung lAm Tai nguydn
va Mdi trudng, Dai Hpc Qudc Gia Ha Ndi, dupc sp giiip dd cim Id chirc Rockerfeller
Biothes Fund Hoa Ky, phdi hop vdi UBND huyen Tiin Hai thpc hidn, 1997.

9. Ho Ihanh Hai va cac cdng sp, 1997, Chat lupng nidi Irirdng mrdc Hd TAy
Irong miia mua va nluln xel chung vi thih trang chat hrpng nudc Hd TAy, Vifn sinh
ihiii va lai nguyen sinh val.

|{) Le Ildim Kd- Mdi sd giai pluip bao ve mdi Inrdng cho cac dp an |)luit
<i>.n , , ^.^^ x^\ -IA,, lla Moi. Trone hdi thao Khoa hoc "Bao vd mdi Irirdne khu virc </i>

tnen klui vuc no !»»,>, »* • ^ • e
<i>I -- I- IP, Nni do chiioiis liinli lien ket iUUC - CIDA tai tro, Tr. 6 -8, 1995 </i>

ho I ay I ta i^v ^'^ ^

1 I Ntnivin t^'"'' ''''^'' Nguydn Thi Loan. Danh gia nhanh nidi Inrdng, Sd
<i>Khoa hoc, Cdng ngl'^* ^^'^ ^'*^' Uudng Ninh 'Ihuan, 9/1998. </i>

p Nguyen XuAn Qnynh, 1996, Nghidn ciru vi ddng vAt khdng xUong sdng
<i>',. iUuv \uc c(') nudc thai \ img lla Ndi. LuAn im phd tidn sT khoa hoc sinh hoc. </i>

<i>( l o n g ^'^^^ ' ' ' " - • o . . I . . </i>

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<i><b>'^^'- rao ,f(„^ l,f? Hi ifu hhoa hoe efi'p ^>7€>m 1999 -2000 </b></i>

13. Nguyin Van Buc, 1996, bao cao khoa hpc "XAy dpng thf diim cdng Irhih
thf diini cdng nghd xif Iy nudc thai cho khu vpc xung quanh Hd Tay", Cdng ty lu
va'n ddu lu xay dung G I C C .

14. Pham Binh Quyin. Danh gia long quat vi hien iKang tai nguyen sinh vat
hd Pay va d i xua't giai phap bao ve mdi Irudng khu vpc phat tiiin dd thj. Trong hdi
thao Khoa hpc "Bao vd mdi Irudng khu vpc hd Pay Ha Ndi do chuong Irinh lidn kdt
IDRC - CIDA tai Up , Tr. 19 - 20, 1995.

15. Trdn Duy Ha va cdng sir, 12/1997, Dp thao phuong an nudi iha ca lam
sach nude Hd Tay, Cdng ty ddu tu khai Ihac Hd Pay.

16. Trdn Hidu Nhuf, 1999, XAy dpng phuong |)liap xac djnh mirc din bu Ihiet
hai bdi d iihiim mdi trirdng do hoat ddng san xuA't djch vu gAy ra. D i tai nghidn ciru
khoa hpc - cdng nghe. Cue Mdi trudng.

17. Trung tAm ky tluiAt mdi trudng dd thj va khu edng nghiep, DHXD, 1995,
<i>Hpi thao khoa hpc "Bao ve mdi trudng khu vue \{6 TAy" </i>

<i>18. Trung lAni tai nguydn va mdi trudng, DHQG, 1996, Biio ciio di tai diiu </i>
Ira Ihuy hoa va Ihuy sinh val Ho lay va Hd I nic Bach.

19. Vu Dang Khoa, 1996, Co sd sinh thai hoc d i hao ve mdi sinh, pluil triin
ngudn lpi Ihuy san d Hd TAy, Ha Ndi. Luan an phd lien sT khoa hoc sinh hoc.

<i>20. UBND qiuln lay \\6. Cdng ly ca \\6 TAy. B:io cao tdng kei nam 1999. </i>
2 1 . Heiminia Francisco, David Glover, Economy and Environmcnl, Case
Studies in Vielnam, EEPSEA.

22 S E .loi oensen, R.A.Vollenweidcr, Guidelines of lake management.

Volume L U N D P

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<span class='text_page_counter'>(36)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=36>

<b>TINH HINH Sir DUNG KINH PHI </b>

Dd tki duac phan kinh pin 8.(X)().(){J0 ddng. SO tidn nhy dupc chi diing ciic

<i>hang muc trong llap d^ng gifra Pririrng Dai hoc Khoa luu: Pu nliiCn va chii til di </i>

tai, cu th^:

<i>• Tlui6 mirdrn thid't bj, rTi;iy mdc do dac cac yd'n \CS ehft'l hrpng wuac lid </i>

Tay 4.300.000 (I6n«.

<b>• </b>

Hgp d6ng khai thac, thu Ihflp, xir ly sO' lidu, mua van phong phdm, chd

ban 3.000.000 dong

• Chi phi HOi thao ca'p BO inOn v6 kd't qua, chi liOi hpp nghidm thu

3.500.000 dong

<i>• Chi quan If phi 3.500.000 dong </i>

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<span class='text_page_counter'>(37)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=37>

rin<5UDAN(; K Y

K ^ T QUA NGHlfiN CIJU KH - CN

Ten dir an:

Nghidn ciru co sd khoa hpc va kha nang ap dung cac cdng cu kinh Id' trond quan
ly va sir dung hpp ly vimg lanh ihd quy md vira va nhd mang Ifnh dac Ihu

Mil so: QT99.09

Co q u a n clni tri d u a n : Khoa mdi Uudng- Trirdng Dai hpc Khoa hpc Tu nhien
Dia chi: 334 Nguydn Trai- Thanh XuAn- Ha Ndi

Tel: 8584995

Co q u a n q u a n ly du an: Dai hpc Qud'c Gia Ha Ndi
Dja chi:

Tel:

l i j i i g kinh phi thuc chi:

Trong dd: - Pir ngan siich nha nude:
- Kinh phf ciia nha liudng
- Vay tfn dung:

- Vdn tp cd:
- Thu hdi:

I hdi gian nghien cim: 12 Ihang

- '1 hdi gian bat ddu: Tluing 7 nam 1999
- 1 hdi gian kdt ihiic: I hang 7 nam 2000
i e n cim bd phiii hpp nghien ciru:

- 'Ih.S. Phanrihi Viet Anh
_ Ih.S. Pham Ihi Mai
- Ih.S- Dam Duy An
- CN Lc Ihi Dinh

Sddang ky dp im
Nga>'

<i>Sd cluing nhan dang ky </i>
Kcl qua nghidn cuu

<S.OII(>.0()0 ddng
8.000.0U0 ddng

0
0
0
0

Bao null:

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<span class='text_page_counter'>(38)</span><div class='page_container' data-page=38>

<b>r </b>

<i>ydin tiiMcctqui'* i.gliien cuu: </i>

• Bd Irf dpi do cac yd-u td dac Irung cho Hd Tay

• Hoan thani) bao cao khoa hpc long kd't dp an vdi cac ndi dung sau

® Tdng quan vi vung quy md nho mang (fnli dac tlui quy md viia va nliM
nuang tfnh dac thii (VLl'DT) va hien Irang sir dung lioni^ |)luit Iriin kinh
te.

• Kha nang sd dung cac cdng cu kinh lc liong quan ly va sd duncz VLf fJi"

nham thu dirpc hieu qua kinh te'eao nui van duy trl bao \c lai nguyen va
cha't lupMg mdi inrdng d mirc cha'p nhAn dupc

<i>fe Mot so ke't qua nghien ciiu sir dung VL1T)T ddi vdi liing ngap nnln \CM </i>
bien Ticn Ilai, Thiii Buih va khu vpc Ho TAy - Fia Ndi.

Viet mot bai biio giii dang lap chi "Bao ve IMoi Irudng"
Md Iro sd lieu cho I luan an Tli.S. va I klu);i hian (d( nohiCn

Kien nghj ve quy ind va ddi tupng iip duiifi; iighicn ciiu:

<i>Phai trien kinh tc d vung lanh ihdc|uy md \-iia \'?i nho m:\\\g (inh dfie Ihu. </i>
l i e u chf phat dicn: Hieu c|ua kinli (e cao, lai ngujcn mni (innoc: thipc ^i
dung hpp ly, lau ben.

IIo tci

Chi; nhicni de

<b>(Ai </b>

<i>Ki' : iniuuy, CO </i>
<i>q; ^^!! cir.'i ^n </i>

de lui

;:uc nan]
hoc vi

<i>Ky {i:n </i>

(limn (iiVii

Chi? fidi hdi

don;; (linih |.MU

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