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<b>T A N G</b>

<b> Cl/OfNG CONG TAC QUAN LY</b>

<b> N H A</b>

<b> Nl/6C </b>

<i><b>DOI Vtiri CAC TO CHUTC PHI CHINH PHU H\S6C NGOAI </b></i>

<i><b>I \, </b></i>

<i><b>ThS CAN VIET ANH </b></i>

1. Vai net ve td chirc va boat ddng ciia
cac td chirc phi chinh phii nudc ngoai.

Thue hidn chii truong, dudng ld'i ddi
ngoai ddc lap tu chii, da phuang hod, da
dang hod cdc quan he qud'c te, kdt hgp chat
che edng tac ddi ngoai Dang, ngoai giao
Nha nude va ddi ngoai nhan dan, trong
nhimg nam qua, boat ddng eiia eac td ehiic
phi ehfnh phii (vid't tdt theo tieng Anh la
NGO) nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam ngdy edng
duge md rdng. Khdi nidm td chiic phi ehinh
phii nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam dugc sir dung
de ehi nbtmg td chire ciia nudc ngoai,
khdng thudc chinh phu, boat ddng trdn
lanh thd Viet Nam trong ede linh vuc ciiu
trg nhan dao va phat tridn trdn co sd tu
nguydn va khdng vl mue tidu Igi nhuan.

Cdc mat tich cue chii ydu tir boat ddng
cua cdc NGO nude ngodi Id ddp irng nhanh
vd dung vdi nhu edu thiet thuc ciia dia
phuong, edng ddng, eiia cdc td chirc ddi

tdc; phu hgp vdi quy hoach, dinh hudng va
uu tidn trong phdt trien kinh te -xa hdi ciia
cae dia phuang vd cdc nganh; tang cudng
ddo tao va nang cao nang luc can bd thdng
qua thuc tidn; chii trgng xay dung vd nhan
rdng cdc md hinh phdt trien. Hdu hdt eac
du an vidn trg phi chinh phii nudc ngodi la
vidn trg 100% khdng phai hodn tra, khdng
ed vd'n ddi iing hoae la vd'n ddi ung rdt nhd.
Ridng tai Ha Ndi, hidn cd 129 NGO
nudc ngodi boat ddng. Trong dd:

- Cd 51 van phdng dai didn, bao gdm,
eiia My:,15, Phdp, Diie va cdc nudc Tay
Au: 22; 6t-xtray-li-a, Ca-na-da: 11; Nhat: 3.

- Cd 41 van phdng du dn, bao gdm, cua

My: 7 L Phap, Diie vd cdc nude Tay Au:
15, 6t-xtray-li-a, Ca-na-da: 3, Nhat Ban: 2.

- Cd 37 NGO nudc ngodi duge cap gidy
phep boat ddng, bao gdm, ciia My: 15;
Phdp, Diie va cae nudc Tay Au: 12; Nhat
Ban, Han Qud'c: 7; Hdng Kdng, Thdi Lan,
Xinh-ga-po: mdi nudc cd 1.

Phdn ldn cdc NGO nude ngodi tai Viet
Nam cd van phdng dai didn vd van phdng
du dn tai Hd Ndi, song vide trien khai du an

lai thuc hidn chii ydu tai cdc tinh, dia
phuang khde, nhdt la cdc du dn vd y te, mdi
trudng, day nghd, ndng nghiep. Hoat ddng
eiia cdc NGO nude ngoai cd sir chi dao, ehi
phd'i chat che cua dai su qudn, chinh phii
hoae thdng qua ede Hiep hdi doanh nghiep.
Ve td chire, nhan sir, ngodi vide sir dung
ngudi Viet Nam lam nhan vidn ehfnh thiic
trong cac van phdng dai didn, van phdng
du an, cdc NGO nudc ngoai cdn sir dung
cdng tae vidn Id can bd nhd nude, sinh vidn,
cac quan he ca nhan de thuc hidn cdc boat
ddng du dn tai Viet Nam. Theo thdng kd
hidn nay, sd lugng nhan vidn trong eac
NGO nudc ngoai tai Ha Ndi cd 215 nhan
vidn nudc ngoai vd 780 nhan vidn ngudi
Viet Nam.

Cdc NGO nude ngoai trdn dia ban Ha
Ndi boat ddng ehii ydu trong cdc linh vuc:
du an y te chiem 35%; du dn ve giao due,
dao tao, day nghe: 20%; eac du an vd phat
trien kinh te, mdi trudng: 10%; cdc du an
trong eac linh vuc khae: 5%.

Cdn khdng dinh nhimg tac ddng tich euc
trong boat ddng cua cdc NGO nudc ngoai.

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NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO 001

Cdc td chiic nay da, dang va se thid't thuc
giiip phat trien kinh te - xa hdi, song cung
la ddi tugng dac bidt nhay cam trong quan
he ddi ngoai, bdi boat ddng ciia hg cd lidn
quan nhidu ddn ehinh tri, ddi ngoai, an
ninh qudc gia, an sinh xa hdi. Do nhan thirc
va quan tam ed liic cd noi edn ehua dung
mure ndn cdng tdc qudn ly boat ddng ciia
NGO nudc ngodi cdn ed nhimg bdt cap.
Mdt sd NGO nudc ngodi cd quy md nhd
song boat ddng dan trai d nhieu dia
phuang, thdi gian du dn keo ddi, ti Id chi
phi hanh ehinh ldn, ti Id vidn trg true tidp
tdi ddi tugng hudng lgi thdp. Mdt sd ea
nhan boat ddng trong NGO nude ngoai,
mdt sd NGO nude ngodi da cd hdnh vi vi
pham phdp luat va cdc quy dinh vd boat
ddng eiia cac NGO nudc ngodi tai Viet
Nam.

<i>Ve chinh tri - xd hpi, mdt sd NGO nudc </i>

ngoai tai Viet Nam ed quan he chat che vdi
ehinh phii ciia hg, vdi cac he phdi tdn giao
ldn ndn anh hudng tai dia bdn du dn kha
phiic tap. Dac bidt, khi thidu su quan ly
chat che eua ehinh quyen dia phuang hoae
d nhung noi ehinh quydn chua dii manh,
mdt sd td chiie da lgi dung khoang trdng vd
chinh tri, tim each dp dat y chi ciia hg vao

cae cdng ddng dan cu va gat ehfnh quyen
cdp xa ra khdi cac quydt sach vd quan ly va
thuc hidn du dn.

Ciing vdi vide phdt trien cdc quan he
vien trg vdi Viet Nam, nhidu td ehiic chii
trgng ddy manh ede boat ddng lidn quan
ddn linh vuc cdi each the chd eiia Viet
Nam, tdc ddng ddn qud trinh cai cdch hdnh
chinh, xay dung phdp luat, ehinh sdch ciia
Viet Nam. Xu hudng "Viet Nam hod" boat
ddng phi chinh phii thuc day su ra ddi va
phat trien cua edi ggi la "td chire phi ehinh
phu, td chirc xa hdi dan sir hoae xa hdi
cdng dan dieh thuc" cua Viet Nam - nhimg
td chirc "ddc lap", tach khdi sir quan ly ciia
nha nudc, nhdm thay the ddn cac ddi tdc
hidn nay la chinh quydn cac cdp, cae td
chiic va doan the qudn ehiing cua Viet
Nam, nhu hg da timg lam d ede nudc Ddng

Nam A khdc. Cach lam ciia hg la dat dieu
kidn chuydn giao vidn trg thdng qua cdc td
chiic ma hg ggi la "Td chiire phi chinh phii
Viet Nam", thiic ddy su tham gia cua cac td
chiic phi chfnh phii nay tai cac didn dan tai
trg va quan tam tdi cac du an lien quan ddn
cac trudng dai hgc, luat phap va td chiie
edng doan tai cdc nha may lien doanh.

<i>Ve an ninh, ddi ngoai, chinh phu nhieu </i>

nudc va cac td chiic qud'c td, ede thiet chd'
tai ehfnh ngay cang chii trgng vao vide tang
cudng vidn trg thdng qua eac NGO cho cac
nudc dang phdt trien de thuc hidn ehinh
sach ddi ngoai ciia minh. My da cdng khai
tuyen bd se thdng qua cac boat ddng phi
chinh phii de md rong tdm anh hudng, phuc
vu vdn dd dan chii, nhan quyen d cac nude
dang phat tridn, trong dd cd Viet Nam.

Trong sd cac NGO nudc ngoai dang
boat ddng tai Viet Nam hidn nay, cae td
chu'c cd boat ddng lien quan den tdn giao
(tuy khdng dang kf chinh thurc) chie'm tdi
35%; vidn trg ciia ede td chiie ndy chiem
khoang 30% tdng gid tri vidn trg phi chinh
phii cho Viet Nam. Day la nhung ti Id
khdng nhd. Nhirng con sd nay da phdn nao
cho thdy mirc do quan tam va y dinh gay
anh hudng ve tdn giao ciia cac td chure nay
ddi vdi Viet Nam. Nhieu td chu'c phi chinh
phii tdn giao hoae ed ngudn tai trg ttr cac td
chirc tdn giao khi mdi vao Viet Nam
thudng khdng dd cap ddn van de tdn giao,
chi chii trgng lam vide ddi hoae thdng qua
vide ddi de lam vide dao. Song, khi da ed
chuong trinh vidn trg va da dugc cdp phep
lap van phdng thi nbtmg td chu'c nay bdt

ddu ed bidu hidn mdc ndi vdi cac ca nhan
va td chiic tdn giao cua Viet Nam va cung
cap tdi ehinh cho hg dd thuc hidn cdc boat
ddng tdn giao. Nhidu td chirc tdn giao Idy
chidu bai vidn trg tir thien nhan dao da xam
nhap vao cac vung dan tdc thieu sd, viing
tap trung ddng gido dan dd' tap hgp thdng
tin, phdt tdn kinh sdeh tdn giao, tuydn
truyen, Idi keo ngudi dan nhdm thuc hidn
muc dfch truyen dao, tham chi, cd ca
nhimg hanh ddng kfch ddng tu tudng dan

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Ide hep hdi hay tu tudng tu do tdn gido theo
kieu phuong Tay. Mdt sd td chure mdc ndi,
chi dao, cap tidn eho cac gido si dang boat
ddng, canh tranh vdi chfnh quyen dia
phuong trong vide ndm va tap hgp qudn
chiing.

<i>Ve vdn hod, tu tudng, ngdy edng ed </i>

nhidu NGO nude ngoai, dac bidt Id cdc quy
van boa - xa hdi sdn sang cdp hgc bdng cho
ngudi Viet Nam ra nudc ngoai hgc tap,
nghidn ciiu. Trong sd dd, ed khdng it hgc
bdng duge cap cho khu vuc cdng, trdn eac
linh vuc rat quan trgng nhu ehinh sach
cdng, quan ly phdt trien, khoa hgc ehfnh
tri, quan he qud'c td... Thdng qua ede
chuong trinh giao due, dao tao, cdc NGO

nude ngoai tim each tdc ddng vao mdt bd
phan hge sinh, sinh vidn, cdng chiic, vidn
chiire cac co quan ehii chd't eiia Viet Nam,
tao ra ldp ngudi than phuong Tay, sdn sang
tiep thu va dp dung nhtrng md hinh phuong
Tay d Viet Nam trong tuong lai, phuc vu
cho muc tidu ehfnh tri lau dai.

2. Nguyen nhan han che va nhirng
giai phap.

<i>a. Nguyen nhdn. ' </i>

Mae dil la linh vuc nhay cam va phiic
tap nhung cho de'n nay, boat ddng ciia cac
NGO nudc ngoai mdi chi dugc quy dinh
bdi nhirng van ban dudi luat. Hon nira, cac
van ban nay lai lidn tue thay ddi. Su thay
ddi the che quan ly ddn de'n tinh trang thieu
dn dinh trong thid't ke bd may quan ly, anh
hudng tidu cue ddn boat ddng quan ly.
Dang chii y nhdt la sir khdng dn dinh trong
bd may quan ly d trung uong. Vide dot
ngdt gidi the Uy ban Cdng tae ve cac td
chiic phi chfnh phii trong liie ehua chuan bi
mdt CO quan phii hgp dd thay the da khien
cho cdng tae quan ly hoat ddng vidn trg bi
bdng hut. Ben canh dd la su thidu ddng bd
trong bd may quan ly d dia phuong. Cting
mdt NGO nudc ngoai boat ddng tai eac

tinh, thanh phd khdc nhau thi se phai lam
vide vdi nhtrng eo quan ddu mdi khdc nhau
ve cap, ve tham quyen, ve ehiic nang, ddn

ddn nhung pbiie tap trong hgp tdc giCra hai
bdn; hoae cung mdt van ban chi dao ciia
cap trdn ve eting mdt van dd quan ly nhung
ddi tugng nhan van ban d cdc dia phuong
khdc nhau dan ddn "do vdnh" trong dp
dung van ban va thuc hidn eu the.

Quy che ve boat ddng cua cdc NGO
nude ngodi tai Viet Nam dugc ban hanh
kem theo Quydt dinh sd 340ATg ngay
24-5-1996 eua Thii tudng Chinh phii da tao
hanh lang phap ly chung cho boat ddng ciia
ede NGO nudc ngoai tai Viet Nam. Tuy
nhidn, sau ban 13 nam thuc hidn, Quy che
nay da the hien mdt sd diem bat cap, khdng
cdn phii hgp vdi tinh hinh thuc tidn. Bdn
canh dd, edng tdc quan ly, kiem tra, giam
sat ciia cdc co quan ehiie nang cdn long
leo, chua hinh thanh he thdng thdng nhdt tir
trung uong ddn dia phuong, vi vay, ehua
phdt huy dugc nhirng mat tich cue, ban che
tidu cue trong boat ddng ciia eac NGO
nudc ngodi tai Viet Nam.

Ydu kem ciing bdc Id tir eac bd, nganh
va dia phuong trong vide qudn triet va chap

hdnh ede van ban phap quy ve qudn ly boat
ddng cua cac NGO nudc ngodi. Tuy da cd
quy che ve boat ddng ciia cdc NGO nudc
ngoai nhung mdt sd noi ehua quan triet ddn
den tinh trang mdt so td ehiie boat ddng
khdng ed giay phep nhung vdn duge dia
phuang hoan nghdnh. Vide thuc hidn quy
trinh, thii trie phd duyet du dn chua nghiem

tlie.

Sir phd'i hgp giua Uy ban Cdng tdc ve
cdc td chtic phi chinh phii vdi cac nganh
khae chua thuc su ddng bd, nhip nhang,
cdn chdng cheo.

Vdn de td ehiic va nhan sir eiia co quan
ddu mdi chua dugc quan tam thich dang,
vide thuc hidn du an do nhieu eo quan phd
duyet vd khdng ed su phdi hgp, lidn kdt vdi
nhau, ddi khi bi chdng cheo va thidu thdng
nha't.

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NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO 001

nay, vdn cdn mdt so noi de ngoai ngan sach
ngudn thu vidn trg khdng hoan lai. Mdt sd
noi, sau khi phd duyet du an, chi giri cho
cac CO quan tdng hgp trung uong quyet
dinh phd duyet du an ma khdng giri ddy dii

hd so, khdng tidn hanh cae thii tue phd
duyet du an theo quy dinh. Cd hidn tugng
lach luat, xin tai tro thuc hidn du an tri gia
dudi 500.000 USD de ed the "phd duyet
ndi bd" dd dang hoae chia nhd du an ldn,
tranh phai trinh Thii tudng Chinh phii phd
duyet; nhidu trudng hgp khdng sir dung
hidu qua ngudn tdi trg, gay that thodt tien,
hang vidn trg.

Cdng tdc quan ly ngudi Viet Nam lam
vide trong cac NGO nudc ngodi mdi ehi
don thudn la quan ly vd mat nhan sir, chua
gdn vdi quan ly boat ddng ciia cac NGO
nudc ngoai. Cdc chfnh sdch va quy che vd
quan ly boat ddng vidn trg, quan ly va sir
dung vidn trg eung nhu eac quy dinh ve
nhap canh chua dugc phd bidn kjp thdi cho
lao ddng ngudi Viet Nam lam vide cho cdc
NGO nude ngodi. Chua cd sir phdi hgp
nhudn nhuydn giua co quan quan ly boat
ddng vidn trg vdi co quan tuydn dung, sir
dung va quan ly ngudi lao ddng Viet Nam
lam vide eho cdc NGO nudc ngoai. Tinh
trang ngudi Viet Nam lam vide cho cdc td
chure nay dudi hinh thiic chuydn gia tu vdn
ngdn ban hdu nhu khdng duge quan ly.

<i>b. Gidi phdp. </i>

<i>- Tie'p tue hodn thien moi trudng phdp ly </i>
<i>cho phu hpp vdi tinh hinh mdi. </i>

Trong bdi canh chiing ta dang xay dung
nha nudc phdp quydn, thuc hidn edi cdch
hanh ehinh, thuc hidn nhung chinh sdch
ddi ngoai rdng md thi vide ddi mdi, hodn
thidn hd thdng phap luat ndi ehung vd phap
luat trong QLNN ve NGO nude ngoai la
mdt nhu edu tdt ydu va cdp bdch. Bdn canh
dd, cdn ddy manh edng tac phd bidn cdc
quy djnh phap luat lidn quan tdi phd duyet,
quan iy du an, quy che boat ddng ciia cac
NGO nudc ngoai va dam bao vide thuc
hidn cae van ban phdp quy mdt each hidu

qua.

Ndi dung QLNN vd cdng tac phi chinh
phii nudc ngoai cd lien quan de'n nhieu
nganh, nhieu co quan, nliieu cap chinh
quydn. De he thdng cac cO quan dd boat
ddng cd hidu qua, cdn xde lap mdi quan he
dung ddn giCra chiing, tao thanh mdt co chd'
ddng bd trong QLNN ddi vdi boat ddng
ciia cac NGO nudc ngoai. Tdt ca nhtrng
ydu cau nay mudn thuc hidn dugc phai
dugc luat hoa thanh nhung nguyen tac va
quy djnh cu the.

<i>- Hodn thien bp mdy td chue vd ca che </i>

<i>phdi hap lien ngdnh. </i>

Vd mat td chiic bd may, phai coi trgng
vide ciing cd co quan dau mdi vd vidn trg
phi chinh phii nudc ngoai ca d trung uong
va dja phuong. Vide ciing cd phai dugc
thuc hidn tren mgi khia canh, ttr cO cau td
chirc den chat lugng ddi ngu can bd, tir
phuong thu'c tidp can de'n cac mdi quan
he... Trudc het, phai chii trgng xay dung cO
quan ddu mdi d trung uong la Uy ban Cdng
tac ve td chu'c phi chinh phii nudc ngoai
vCrng manh, ngang tdm nhiem vu.

Can nghien cihi de xay dung mdt md
hinh CO quan dau mdi thdng nhat d cac dja
phuong trong ca nudc. Cac bd, nganh ciing
can xae djnh rd cO quan ddu mdi ciia don
vj minh vdi chirc nang, nhidm vu rd rang,
eu the. Yeu cau dat ra cho co quan dau mdi
vidn trg la phai ndm vCrng dudng ldi, chii
truong ciia Dang va chinh sach, phap luat
ciia Nha nudc, ndm virng quy hoach, ke
hoach phdt tridn eiia ttrng nganh, ttrng dja
phuong, ttrng thdi ki va nhu cdu van ddng
tai trg, ndm vting ddi tac, du an minh quan
ly. Cach tidp can ciia co quan ddu mdi phai
sau sat nhung ndn mdm deo.

<i>- Ndng cao chdt luang dpi ngii cdn bp, </i>

<i>nhdn vien Idm edng tdc phi chinh phii nude </i>
<i>ngodi. </i>

Cdn chii trgng nang cao chat lugng ciia
ddi ngu can bd quan ly cung nhu can bd tac
nghiep true tidp. De xay dung mot ddi ngu

<i>(Xem tiep trang 45). </i>

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gdi giai phdp nhdm thu hut va giir chan
nhan vidn gidi. Tuy vay, dd dp dung
Chuong trinh mdt each cd hidu qua, ede
doanh nghiep cdn phai lam tdt mdt sd ndi
dung sau:

<i>Mpt Id, ddi tugng tham gia phai dugc </i>

ehgn Ige diing dua trdn co sd ddng gdp eiia
ho. Hang nam, doanh nghiep edn tidn hanh
td chiic ddnh gia lai quyen lgi eiia tirng ddi
tugng de ed dieu chinh phti hgp. Doanh
nghiep cdn phdi xem day la mdt du an ddu
tu rdt cdn thid't de ed cdch ldm bai ban,
nghidm tue ban.

<i>Hai la, cdc tidu chf xay dung trong </i>

Chuong trinh phai eu the, rd rang, cdng
khai. Cdc rang budc khdng qud khdt khe
ldm mdt tinh hap ddn eua Chuong trinh.

<i>Ba la, can phai tuydn truyen, giao due </i>

nhan thiic eiia ngudi lao ddng ve y nghia
eiia Chuong trinh nhdm nhan dugc sir
hudng ling manh me cua ngudi lao ddng.

<i>Bdn la, phuong an xay dung phai ehi </i>

tid't, ddy dii, hgp ly vd phai thdng qua Dai
hdi ed ddng dd' tao duge su ddng thuan eao,
trdnh nhieu y kidn trai ngugc gay xung dot.

<i>Ndm la, doanh nghiep ndn td chire mdt </i>

Uy ban gidm sdt Id nhung ngudi khdng
phai la thanh vidn Hdi ddng quan trj hay
ban didu hdnh dd' kiem soat tfnh cdng bdng,
nhdm trdnh mau thudn vat chdt do chi mdt
bd phan nhd thanh vidn duge hudng lgi.

<i>Sdu la, Chuong trinh phai cd tfnh lau dai </i>

va xoa bd ndi dung eao bdng va quan trgng
ban la lgi leh phdi du ldn de nhan vidn thdy
duge tfnh vugt trdi cua Chuong irinhQ

Tai lieu tham khao

1. Buchko, A.A (1992), Employee ownership
on employee attitudes: An intergrated causal
model and path analysis. Journal of management
studies, 304, 633-657.

2. French, J.L., & Rosenstein, J. (1984).
Employee ownership, work attitudes, and power
relationship. Academy of Management Journal,
27, 861-869.

<b>TANG ClfflfNG CONG TAG QUAN LY NHA NlTflfC... </b>

<i>(Tiep theo trang 31) </i>

cdn bd ngang tdm nhidm vu, ehiing ta cdn
phai xde djnh tidu chuan cu the ddi vdi edn
bd qudn ly va can bd true tidp lam edng Idc
phi ehinh phii nude ngoai; ehii trgng edng
tdc dao tao, bdi dudng; chii trgng hon niia
ddn vdn dd sir dung can bd, can eii vdo
phdm chat va nang luc de tuydn dung kid'm
tra, sat haeh de bat mdt each khoa hge va
minh bach. Ridng ddi vdi ddi ngu ngudi
Vidt Nam lam vide Irong eac NGO nudc
ngoai, cdn tang cudng gido due y thu'c
chinh trj, trdch nhidm cdng dan ddi vdi To
qudc, nang cao tinh than canh giac, hgp tac
vdi cdc CO quan Viei Nam bao ve lgi ich

qude gia.

<i>- Tdng cudng cong tdc thdng ke, nghien </i>

<i>cuu ve ITnh vUc cong tdc phi chinh phii </i>
<i>nudc ngodi. </i>

<i>Di riit ra nhung bai hge kinh nghidm </i>

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