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<b>NGHIEN CifU - TRAO 0 0 1 </b>

<b>; j </b>

<b>SU DUNG NGUON VON ODA </b>

<b>M A 7 , </b>

<b>DE PHAT TRIEN KINH TE - XA HQI Of VI^T NAM HlfN NAY </b>

<i><b>ThS NGUYEN MINH HAI </b></i>

<b>1. Tinh hinh thu hiit va sit dung vdn </b>
<i><b>ODA a Viet Nam hien nay. </b></i>

ODA la nguon vdn dugc cung cap theo
dy an hoac chuong trinh dudi binh thiic
vien trg khong hoan lai va vay uu dai. Day
lii nguon x'dn quan trgng ciia ngan sach
nha nude dugc sir dung dd bd trg thyc hidn
cac muc tieu phit tridn kinh te - xa hgi uu
tien. Trong van kien Dai hgi dai bidu loan
quoc lln thir X cua Ding da khlng dinh:
"Tiep tuc tranh thii nguon vdn ODA, day
nhanh tien do giai ngan vdn cac cong
trinh, dy an da dugc ki kdi; xay dyng chie'n
luge thu hut xii sir dung vdn ODA, tap
trung vao llnb vyc kdi clu ha ting ki thuat
d cac trung tam kinh te va cac viing cd didu
kien kinh te - xa hgi khd khan".

Nhirng nam qua, so lugng vdn ODA
dugc thu but va sir dung d nude ta ngay
cang tang. Trong thdi ki 1993-2006, tdng
gia tri ODA cam kei la 37,011 ti USD; tdng
vdn ODA ki ket dat khoang 27,810 ti USD,
tuong duong 75% tdng x'o'n ODA cam kei;
tdng vdn ODA gill ngan dat xap xi 17,684
ti USD, tuong duong 63,54% tong vdn
<i>ODA ki kei. Ude tinh, khoang 15 - 20% sd </i>
vdn ODA cam kei ndi trdn la vien trg
khdng hoan lai, hlu bei la cac dy an bd trg
kl thuat, cdn liii mot phin nhd II cac dy an
dau tu xay dyng quy mo nhd va phi dy an
(vien trg hang hda). Cac khoan vay uu dai
tap trung cho cac dy an dlu tu xay dyng;
trong dd, chii yeu la cac dy an cap qude gia
vdi gia tri hiing tram tridu do la My. Ngoai
ra, con cd cac khoin vay theo chuang trinh
gin vdi viec thyc bien khung cbinh sach,
nbu khoan vay thd che tang trudng va xda

doi^giam ngheo ciia IMF, chuong trinh tin
dung hd trg giam ngheo ciia WB...

Tren co sd so' vdn ODA cam kei ciia cac
nha till trg da phuong va song phuang,
Cbinh phii Viet Nam da ki kei vdi cac nha
tai trg cIc didu uoc qud'c te vd ODA (nhu
hiep dinh, nghi dinh thu, dy iin, chuang
trinh). Giai doiin 1993-2006, tdng gii tri

<i>cac didu uoc quoc te vi ODA da dugc ki </i>
kei ude dat khoang 31,6 ti USD. Trong dd,
vdn vay la 25,65 ti USD vol 559 hiep dinh;
vien trg khdng hoiin lai khoing 6 ti USD.
Chi tinh rieng nam 2006, ngudn vdn ODA
dugc hgp thirc hoa thong qua x'iec ki ket
cIc hiep dinh vdi cac nha tai tro dat
2.824,58 tridu USD; trong do, ODA vdn
vay la 2.423,64 trieu USD vii ODA vien trg
khong hoiin lai 400.94 tridu USD. Nguon
vdn ODA dugc ki kdt tie'p tuc tap trung vao
cac llnh x'Uc uu tien nhu cong nghiep
nang lugng (30,78%); giao thdng van tii
-buu chinh vidn thong (20,51%); ndng
nghiep va pbat tridn ndng thon (14,31%);
tai chinh ngan hang (13,19%)...

Nam 2007, tdng mire cam kdi ciia cac
nha till trg cho Viet Nam dat 4,445 ti USD,
vugt 700 trieu USD so voi nam 2006.
Trong do, cac nha tiii trg song phuong cam
kei vien trg cho Viet Nam 2,164 ti USD, da
phuong 2,101 ti USD va lir cac td chirc phi
chinh pbil 180 trieu USD. Nam 2008, mire
cam kdi tai trg vdn ODA dat bon 5,4 ti
USD; trong dd, cac nha tiii tro song
phuang la 2,626 ti USD, da phuong: 2,550

Hoc vien Tdi chfnh.

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<b>NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO DOI </b>

ti USD va cac to chuc phi chinh phii: 250
trieu USD. Hien nay, co 28 nba tai trg song
phuong; trong do, co 2,4 nha tai trg cam ket
ODA thudng nien (6t-xtray-li-a, Bi,
Ca-na-da. Sec, Dan Mach, Phin Lan, Phap,
Dire, I-ta-li-a, Nhat Ban, Han Qude,
Ltic-xam-bua. Hit Lan, Niu Di-lan, Na Uy, Tay
Ban Nha, Thuy Didn, Thuy Sy, Thiii Lan,
Anh, Hoa Ki, Ai-len); 4 nha tai trg khong
cam ket ODA thudng nien (Ao, Trung
Qud'c, Nga, Xinh-ga-po) ma cam kei ODA
theo tirng dy an cu the. Dong thdi, co 23 td
chdc tai tro ODA da phuong cbo Viet
Nam, bao gom ADB, WB, JBIC, KFW,
AFD (nhdm 5 ngan hang), Uy ban chau
Au (EC), Quy cac nude xuat khiu dlu md
(OPEC), Quy Kuwait, Chuong trinh Phat
tridn ciia Lien hiep qude (UNDP), Quy
Dan sd The gidi (UNFPA), Quy Nhi ddng
Lien hiep qud'c (UNICEF), To chiic Y te
TTie gidi (WHO), Quy Phat tridn Ndng
nghiep Quoc te (IFAD), Chuong trinh
Luong thyc The gidi (WFP), Quy mdi
trudng loan cau (GEF) va Quy Dlu tu phiit
tridn ciia Lidn hiep qude (UNCDF), IMF.

Theo thdng ke, nguon vdn ODA da
<i>dugc giai ngkn tinh cho ngan sach nha </i>

nude (khdng bao gOm phan giai ngan cho
cac khoan chi tai nude tai trg, chi cho
chuyen gia...) trong giai doan tir nam 1993
de'n bet nam 2006 dat khoang 15,9 ti USD,
bing 64,9% tdng gia tri cac didu ude quoc
te ve ODA da ki kei va bing khoang 55%
tdng lugng ODA da cam kei trong thdi ki
nay.

Nam 2006, tdng miic giai ngan dat 1,8
ti USD, nam 2007 dat 2 ti USD va nam
2008 dat 2,2 ti USD.

Nguon vdn ODA dugc thu hut da gdp
phin quan trgng trong x'iec cii thidn x'a
phat tridn kdi cau ha tang kinh te - xa hgi
Viet Nam. Can cir vao chinh sach iru tien
sii dung ODA ciia Chinh phii, Viet Nam da
dinh budng nguon vo'n nay uu tien cho ciic
cdng trinh thuoc cac ITnh x'yc nhu giao
thdng van tai; phat tridn nang lugng dien;
phat trien ndng nghiep \'a ndng thdn (bao

gom ca thuy lgi, thiiy san, lam nghiep);
cap thoat nude va bao ve mdi trudng; y te,
giao due vii dao tao; khoa hgc va cong
nghe...

Hidn nay, bon 4,5 ti USD vdn ODA vdi
101 dy an do trung uong quIn ly da va

dang dugc thyc hien dd phiit tridn nganh
giao thong van tai, chii ye'u tap trung cho
dudng bg, dudng bidn va giao thong ndng
thdn. Cu thd, x'o'n ODA da dugc sir dung dd
khoi phuc, nang cap va xay dyng moi
3.676 km dudng qude Ig; khoi phuc va cai
tao khoang 1.000 km duong tinh Ig; quoc
16 5, quoc 16 IA (doan Ha N6i -Vinh; TP.
Ho Chi Minh - CIn Tho: FR Ho Chi Minb
- Nba Trang); lam mdi va kb6i phuc 188
clu, chil yeu tren cac quoc 16 1, quoc 16
10, quoc 16 18 vdi tcing chidu dai 33,7 km;
cai tao va nang cap 10.000 km dudng n6ng
thon va khoang 31 km clu nong thOn quy
m6 nhd; clu My Thuan; clu Binh; clu (Tin
Tho; clu Bai Chay; xay dung moi 111 clu
nong tb6n vol Icing chidu dai 7,62 km
(khau do binh quan khoing 25-100 m).
Ben canh do, vO'n ODA da dlu tu nang cap
giai doan 1 cho cIng Hii Phdng dd co the
bdc xep dugc 250.000 tan/nam; nang cap
cIng Siii Gdn co cOng suai boc xep tir 6,8
trieu tan/nam len 8,5 trieu tan/nam; xay
dyng mdi cang nude sau Cai Lan; cai tao
d n g Tien Sa, Dii Nang...

Nguon v6n ODA dau tu cho viec phat
tridn nganh dien vdi 7 nha may dien Ion
(Phu My 1, Phii My 2, Ham Thuan - Da
Mi, S6ng Hinh, Da Nhim, Phi Lai 2, Tra

Ndc), dong thdi, dlu tu dd phat trien he
thong dudng day va mang ludi phan phoi
dien, bao gom cac dy an dudng day 500 kv
Playku - Phu Lam, dudng day 220 kv Tao
Dan - Nha Be, gin 50 tram bien lip ciia cl
nude, cii tao nang cap mang ludi dien
thanh thi va nong th6n d tren 30 tinh va
thanh phd.

Song song vol viec lam thay ddi dang
ke bg mat ciia ca sd ha ting kinh te, ODA
cQng gdp phin quan trgng viio sy phat tridn
CO sd ha ting xa hgi. Ude tinh. tdng ngu6n

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<b>NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO DOI </b>

vdn ODA danh cho giao due va dao tao
nhirng nam qua khoang 550 trieu USD,
chie'm 8,5-10% tdng kinh phi giao due va
dao tao, gdp phan cai thien chai lugng x'a
hieu qua ciia c6ng tac gilo due va dao tao,
tang cudng co sd vat chai ki thuat cho viec
nang cao chai lugng day va hgc, nhu dy an
giao due tieu hgc, trung hgc va dai hgc, dy
an dao tao nghd...

Nguon vdn ODA cung ddng gop cho sy
thanh c6ng ciia mot so chuong trinh xa hgi
CO y nghia sau rgng nhu Chuang trinh dan
sd va pbat tridn, Chuang trinh tiem chiing

md rgng, Chuang trinh dinh duang tre em,
Chuang trinh nude sach nOng th6n,
Chuang trinh cham sdc sire khde ban dlu,
Chuang trinh xda ddi giam ngheo. Nhd
vay, thir hang ciia Viet Nam trong bang
xep bang cac qude gia vd chi sd phat trien
con ngudi (HDI) ciia Lien hiep quoc ddu
dugc cii thien hang nam.

Trong linb vyc dao tao ngudn nhan lye,
xay dyng phap luat, cai each hiinh chinh...,
nguon vdn ODA da gdp phin tang cudng
nang lye cho nhieu ca quan vdi mot lugng
Ion cac can bg dugc dao tiio va tai dao tao
vd khoa hgc, c6ng nghe va kinh te. ODA
cung mang lai nhirng kinh nghiem quoc te
cd gia tri doi voi sy nghiep phat tridn ciia
nhidu llnb vyc kinh te, xa hgi, khoa hgc,
c6ng nghe vii bao ve moi trudng, quIn ly
nha nude, phap luat; cai thien va nang cao
chai lugng trang thiei bj ciing nbu trinh do
kham chira benh th6ng qua cac dy an vien
trg khong hoan lai (vi du, tai benh vien
Chg RIy va Bach Mai)... Dong thdi, thiic
day phat tridn nong nghiep va n6ng th6n,
xda ddi giam ngheo. Qua so lieu cac cuoc
didu tra mire sdng dan cu trong thdi gian
qua cho tha'y, ti le dan ngheo da giim tir
58% nam 1993 xudng con 37% nam 1998
va 28,9% vao nam 2002; ti le ngheo luong

thuc giim tir 25% nam 1993 xudng 15%
nam 1998 va 9,96% nam 2002. Trong giai
doan 1993-1998, tdc do giam ngheo ddi
trung binh bang nam d Viet Nam la 7,5%,
nhanh hon toe do phat trien kinh td' trung

binh la 6,4% cho ciing thdi ki. Tinh den
nay, co khoang 200 dy iin vol tdng vdn
ODA hon 3 ti USD da dugc dlu tu cho phat
trien nong nghiep va ndng thon, chiem

14^4% tong mire ODA cam ket. Cac dy an
ODA khong chi gop phan cung cap ngudn
tin dung cho ndng dan, tao ra cac nganh
nghd phu ma con phat trien cdng tac
khuyen nong, khuyen lam, khuyen ngu,
phat trien giao thong ndng thon, cung cap
nude sach, phat trien ludi dien sinh boat,
tram y te. trudng hgc...

Tir nam 1998 de'n nay, khi Chinh pbii xii
ciic nhil tai trg nhai tri tap trung ngudn x'6'n
ODA cho phat tridn nong nghiep va n6ng
th6n, xoa doi giam ngheo thi viec phan bd
vdn ODA da cd xu the can ddi ban, mac dii
chil yeu vln tap trung vao cac vimg kinh te
trgng diem. Viing Blc Bg la dia ban thu
hut ODA ldn nhai, chie'm gin 30% so vdn
ODA ki kei nhung chii ye'u tap trung vao
Ha Ngi, Hai Phdng va Quang Ninh. Viing

dong bing song Cim Long thu hut duge
mot lugng dang ke vdn ODA va phan bd
tuong doi ddng ddu giira cac tinh trong
viing. Cdn viing kinh te trgng diem Trung
Bg kh6ng co lgi the vd nhidu mat, do dd,
nguon vdn ODA thu hut cung it.

2. Mot so han che trong thu hut va sii
dung vdn ODA.

Ben ciinh nhirng dong gdp tich eye, viec
thu hut va sir dung ODA trong nhiing nam
qua con cd cac mat han chd sau:

<i>Thd nhdt, qua trinh td chuc thyc hien dy </i>

an gap nhidu ach tic, keo dai thdi gian din
de'n toe do giai ngan vdn ODA cham.
Nhiing lich tic chii ye'u didn ra trong cac
khau nhu giii phong mat bing (80% dyan
bi ach tic, vuang mlc, cham trd la do
nguyen nhan nay, chang han, dy an nang
cap quoc 16 5, thdi gian giai phdng mat
bing lau gap 4 lan thai gian thi cong cdng
trinh do khdng co ca che thong nhat cho
tai ca cac dia phuong dd lam co sd giai
quyei cac vln dd den bii...); cong tac dau
thIu (thdi gian tien hanh da'u thIu thudng

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NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO 0 0 !

bi keo dai do Viet Nam moi liim quen vdi
nguyen tic va didu kien dlu thau theo
th6ng le quoc te). Cac PMU thudng ty dua
ra cac yeu clu ban dau ma kh6ng cd sy
tham gia ciia tu van chuyen nghiep nen
nhidu dy an gay tranh cai, thic mlc trong
qua trinh chgn nha thIu hoac keo dai thdi
gian xet thIu. Chat lugng cac nha thIu
dugc lya chgn tha'p, kh6ng dap irng dugc
yeu clu cua dy an dat ra. (Tac PMU kh6ng
tien hanh xac minh nhiJng kha nang ciia
nha thau nhu kha nang tai chinh, kha nang
kl thuat, tie'n do thi c6ng... Vi vdy, khi thuc
hien, xly ra tinh trang nha thau kb6ng tuan
thil nghiem ngat quy trinh, ngi dung trong
ban thiei ke chi tiet dd giam chi phi hoac
can tang tien do thyc hien thi phia nha thIu
kh6ng cd kha nang huy dgng dii nguon luc
vd tai chinh, may moc thiei bi, con ngudi...

<i>Thd hai, giai ngan cham, din toi cac </i>

hau qua nhu giai ngan von ODA bj keo dai
lam thay doi cac thong sd F/S ciia cac dy
iin, lam giim hieu qua ciia dy an, ban che
khi nang tri ng, la nguy co lam tang ng
qua han cho Chinh phii, lam iin dgng von
ODA cam ket va ki ket; lam giam tinh uu
dai ciia von vay (rut ngln thdi gian an ban,

keo dai thdi gian tri phi cam ket); lam
giim uy tin ciia nude ta ddi vdi cac nha tai
trg vd nang lye tie'p nhan va sir dung ODA,
Inh hudng tryc tie'p de'n viec van dgng
nguon von nay. Viec cham dua cOng trinh
vao sir dung se gay lang phi, thai thoat
nguon lye, c6ng trinh kem hieu qui.

<i>Thd ba, chai lugng mot so c6ng trinh sir </i>

dung von ODA chua bao dam dung nhirng
tidu chuln dinh mdc ciia ban thiei ke dat
ra, bdi trong qua trinh thyc bien thudng
xly ra that thoat, lang phi. that thoat trong
xay dyng co ban hien nay ciia Viet Nam
chiem khoing 20%-30% long von dIU tu
trong timg dy iin. Cd nhidu trudng hgp,
PMU da khong tie'n hanh xac minh cac
kha nang khac ciia nha tbiu nhu khi nang
tai chinh, kl thuat, tie'n do thi c6ng nen din
den nhidu nha thIu da an bdt, thay ddi

nguyen lieu so vdi tieu chuan kl thuat ciia
bin thiet kedd ra (d c6ng trinh qude 16 18,
nha tbIu thay cat vang bing cat den...).

Mat khlc, chat lugng, ngi dung thiei ke
kl thuat tdng thd va chi tiet khong phii hgp
vdi thyc te, kh6ng ludng bei dugc bie'n c6
ki thuat cung nhu sy thay ddi bat thudng

ciia mdi trudng nen phai chinh sira thiet ke
hoac thiet ke lai loan bg ngi dung. Vi du,
dy an dudng xuyen A phii thiei ke lai gin
nbu toan bg va cham so vol thdi gian tien
do ban dau la mot nam; dy an dudng Tuy
Phong - Nha Trang vdi hgp dong
RIOO-R200 thi khoi lugng cOng viec tang len
30% (thay ddi duong tu 12,5m len 18,6m
va lam them 6 dudng tranh).

Mot so dy an h6 trg ki thuat vien trg
khong hoan lai ciing chua dat dugc hieu
qua nhu mong mudn vi dy an con nang vd
cac yeu to dlu vao (nhap xe con, di khao
sat d nude ngoai...), nhe vd cac ket qua dau
ra. Hau qui la nhidu dy an chong cheo
nhau vd ngi dung, cac dy an khong dugc
khai thac va sir dung mot each thich
dang...

<i>Thd tu, c6ng tac quIn ly nha nude cdn </i>

nhidu ban che. QuIn ly nha nude la
nguyen nhan bao triim cua nhirng ban che
trong viec thu hut va sir dung ODA. Bat
cap trong cong tac quan ly nha nuoc the
hien d viec phan cap, phan dinh chirc nang,
nhiem vu ciia cac co quan quIn ly nba
nu6c; he thong chinh sach vii nhung van
ban phap luat lien quan den von ODA;

viec thIm dinh phe duyet, bd tri vO'n doi
irng, theo doi, giiim sat ciic dy iin ODA...c6
nhidu diem chua hgp ly, cin dugc didu
chinh cho phii hgp vdi thyc te.

3. Dinh hmVng thu hiit \ii sir dung
hieu quii vdn Ol) \ Innig thdi giiin tdi.

Vdi muc tieu kh6ng dd Viet Nam tut
hau so vai cac nude lang gidng vao nam
2020 tbi theo phuong an thap nhai, GDP
binh quan dlu ngudi ciia Viet Nam phii
dat dugc miic 3.934 USD vao cu6i nam
2010. Theo diinh gia ciia cac nha kinh te.

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<b>NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO DOI </b>

<b>'1 </b>

dd thuc bien thanh cong qua trinh
CNH,HDH cho giai doan 2000-2010 vdi
muc tieu phat tridn kinh te dd ra, Viet Nam
CO thd cin mot lugng von danh cho dlu tu
gap 4 lan giai doan 1996-2000.

Dd dap dng yeu cau phat tridn nhanh va
bdn virng trong thdi gian tdi, Chinh phii
tie'p tuc chil truong huy dgng mgi nguon
von, trong do nguon vdn trong nude cd
tinh chat quyei dinh, nguon von ODA tie'p
tuc gdp vi tri quan trgng, tdng ngudn x'o'n
ODA thyc hien dy kien khoang 14- 15 ti

USD, tap trung vao ba ngi dung chinh:
kinh te, xa hgi va m6i truang. Cu the:

- Phat trien n6ng nghiep va nong thon
gin vdi xda doi giam ngheo, gop phin thyc
hien chuang trinh tang trudng loan dien.

Trong ITnh vyc nay, can uu tien ODA
cho cac chuong trinh, dy an h6 trg chuyen
ddi CO cau cay trong, vat nu6i, phit trien
nganh nghd dd tang thu nhap cho ngudi
nong dan; phiit tridn co sd ba ting n6ng
th6n (he th6'ng thiiy lgi, ludi dien nong
thOn, tb6ng tin lien lac, giao thong n6ng
th6n, cap nude sinh boat, trudng hgc, tram
xa...) dd hd trg san xuai dn dinh va cai
thien ddi song nhan dan; tranb thii nguon
von ODA dd trong mdi, cham sdc va bao
ve rirng, phat tridn cac khu bao ton thien
nhien, gop phan cai thien m6i trudng sinh
thai va giam nhe hau qui thidn tai.

- Ddi vdi ha ting kinh te, can uu tien sir
dung ODA cho giao th6ng van tii, cai
thien didu kien cap, thoat nude va ve sinh
m6i trudng tai cac khu do thi va khu c6ng
nghiep, phit trien cIc he thdng thiiy lgi va
be thong phan phoi dien, nhat la khu vyc
n6ng th6n, midn nui. Dac biet, hoan thien
be tho'ng cac dudng quoc Ig huyet mach,

Ciic cau dudng bg trong ca nude, phat trien
cac tuye'n dudng trong khuon kho hgp tac
tidu viing Me-k6ng md rgng; hd trg nganh
dudng sit de nang cao nang luc chay tiu,
tang cudng an toan va cai tie'n chai lugng
dich vu; dlu tu cai tao va xay dyng mdi
mot so san bay quoc te; cai thien van tai

dudng song tren mot so' tuye'n chinh; phat
trien mot sd cang bien nude sau, nhai la d
phia Nam.

Sir dung ODA de phat trien he thd'ng
thuy lgi d ca ba midn Blc, Trung, Nam,
xay dyng de didu, kd ca de bien gdp phan
phat tridn san xuat, giam nhe thien tai.

Trong ITnh vyc nang lugng, vdn ODA sir
dung dd h6 trg phat trien he thdng dudng
day, tram bien the, ludi dien phan phdi,
chu trgng ludi didn ndng th6n, midn nui,
phat tridn ngudn nang lugng sach (gid, mat
trdi, dia nhiet) de h6 trg nang lugng cho
cac vilng sau, viing xa, hai dao.

- Ddi vdi ha tang xa hgi, ngoai viec sir
dung ODA de tang cuong co sd vat chat, kl
thuat nhlm nang cao chai lugng day va
hgc d tat ca cac cap hgc, can sir dyng
ODA, kd ca ODA vdn vay dd dlu tu xay

dyng hoan chinb va dong bg mot so trudng
dai bgc tai ba mien Blc, Trung x'a Nam.
Uu tien keu ggi nguon ODA de tang cudng
trang thiei bi cho cac benh vien tuye'n tinh,
h6 trg thyc hien cac chuong trinh quoc gia
nhu tiem chiing md rgng, phong chong soi
ret, phdng chong HIV/AIDS, dan so va
phat tridn.

Dinh hudng ODA hd trg thyc hien
Chuong trinh nghi sy 21 ve phat tridn bdn
virng, nhat la cac dy an gop phan giai
quyei mot sd van dd moi trudng biic xiic
nhu xir ly rac thai tai ciic d6 thi, cap, thoat
nude va xir ly nude thai...

- Tranh thii nguon vdn ODA de tang
cudng nang luc con ngudi, chu trgng d d p
CO sd; tap trung vdn ODA de nang cao
nang lye cac trudng day nghd, qua do, cai
thien chat lugng dgi ngu cong nhan kl
thuat cung d p cho khu vyc kinh te tu
nhan. Dly manh chuyen giao cdng nghe
va kinh nghiem quan ly, phat trien the che,
nhai la cai each hanh chinh; xay dung va
hoan thien he thdng phap luat; trong dd, uu
tien giao due va thyc thi phap luat.

<i>(Xem tiep trang 42). </i>

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<b>NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO OOI </b>

chuc quan va thyc hien viec tuydn chgn
minh bach, cong khai; thudng xuyen kiem
tra, giam sat va thudng phat quan lai; da'u
tranh khong khoan nhugng vdi nhflng quan
lai tha hoa. Cac 6ng vfla ap dung tdng hgp
cac bien phap, vfla tien hanh cac bien phap
mang tinh trgng didm, dot phi. Vi du, dd
chdng tham nhung, d c ong coi khau trgng
didm la chdng te an hdi 16 va ddi tugng
chi'nh d day la quan lai cao ca'p d tridu dinh
trung uong. Bien phap chinh dugc cac 6ng
ap dung II xu nghiem nhung quan lai tham
nhung, bai kd hg la ai va giu chflc vu gi, de
nhflng quan lai khac thay "sg ma tranb".
Day la mot each lam da mang lai nhidu
hieu qui ma chung ta rat d n tham khIo.

Tu tudng cua vua Le ITianh T6ng va
vua Minh Menh vd m6 hinh nhii nude quan
chil tap trung, quan lieu cd nhflng ban che
nhung ddng thdi cung co nhflng yd'u to tich
cyc rat dang dd chung ta tham khIo, hgc
tap. Dd la nhflng ye'u td: dd cao ti'nh thdng
nhai ciia quydn lye nha nude nhlm tao ra
he thdng quydn lye tfl trung uong den dja
phuang, tranh tinh trang d t cu; la nhflng
bien phap ma d c 6ng da thyc hien dd xay
dyng bg may banh chi'nh nha nude manh,

chuyen nghiep va cuoi ciing II viec cac
ong coi trgng xay dyng dgi ngu quan lai
hidn tai, trung thanh vai nha x'ua dd nang
cao hieu qua boat dgng ciia BMNNQ

<b>Sji 5ji ^ SjS 5(C 5j5 ^ * 5t5 ?J» ^ » </b>

<i><b>sU DUNG NGUON VON ODA... </b></i>

<i>(Tie'p theo trang 30) </i>

- Ngoai ra, sfl dung ODA cho mot so
chuong trinh dy In phat tridn cOng nghiep
CO khi nang boan tra von vay, tao ra c6ng
an viec lam, gop phin xoa ddi, giim ngheo.
Tuy nhien, d n phai dugc can nhIc kl ndu
su dung ODA cho d c dy an san xuat - kinh
doanh, do quy dinh va thu tuc ODA thudng
keo dai, lam mai co hgi dlu tu. Hon nua,
nhidu nha tai trg cung d p ODA co rang
bugc lam cho gia c6ng trinh cao, anh
hudng tdi bieu qua dy an va kha nang tri
ng von vay.

De dat dugc muc tieu tren, nang cao
hieu qua su dung vo'n ODA, d n chu trgng
nhflng ngi dung sau:

<i>Mgt Id, cac nganh, cac dia phuong tap </i>

trung ra soat lai cac cong trinh sfl dung vo'n
ODA do minh quan ly dd trinh Cbinb phu,
Thu tudng Chinh phu ban hanh d c co che,
chinh sach nhlm tang cudng nang luc quIn
ly xa sfl dung vo'n ODA, dao tao can bg
quIn ly dy an theo hudng chuyen nghiep va
bdn vflng. Dong tbdi, td chuc tot viec thyc

hien Dd an dinh hudng thu but va su dung
nguon h6 trg chinb thflc (ODA) thdi ki
2006-2010 va Ke hoach banh dgng thuc
hien Dd an nay.

<i>Hai Id, td chflc thuc bien tdt Quyet dinh </i>

s6 48/2008/QD-rrg ngay 03-4-2008 cua
Thu tudng Cbinh phu ban banh Hudng din
chung lap Bao cao nghien cuu kbi tbi dy
an sfl dung von hO trg phat tridn chinh thflc
ciia nhdm 5 ngan hang, gom: Ngan hang
Phat tridn chau A, Co quan Phat tridn Phap,
Ngan hang Hop tic quoc te Nhat Ban,
Ngan hang Tai thiei Dflc, Ngan hlng The
gidi. Phdi hop vdi nhom 5 ngan hang nay
dd thyc hien d c giii phap d p bach va Ke
hoach hanh dgng d i thien tinh hinh thyc
hien cac chuong trinh. du iin ODA thdi ki
2006-2010.

<i>Bu Id, td chflc thyc hien theo "Khung </i>

theo ddi va danh gii d c chuong trinh, dU
an ODA thdi ki 2006-2010" dd cd nhung
danh gia, didu chinh kip thai nhlm ban che
tinh trang cham giai ngan va xay dyng ke
hoach cbo nhflng dy an tie'p theol^

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