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<b>QUAN HE KINH TE VIET - MY </b>

<b>• • </b>

<b>TRONG BOI CANH MY HIEN NAY </b>

<b>Gidi t h i e u </b>

Muc tieu cua bai viet la tim hieu bd'i
canh mdi hien nay khi chinh quyen cua
Tong thd'ng Obama dang tien hanh
dieu chinh chinh sach dd'i ngdai, trdng
dieu kien nUdc My phai dd'i mat vdi
nhieu thach thdc trong va ngoai nUdc
va Viet Nam dang vUdt qua khung
hoang tai chinh toan cau va khd khan
trong nUdc, Viet Nam can thdc day
quan he hpp tic kinh te vdi Hoa Ky
trong giai doan mdi, phu hdp vdi nhdng
thay ddi cda hai nUdc va the gidi.
Chung tdi trinh bay vi'n de bd'i canh
mdi hien nay theo hudng mpt so' npi
<i>dung cua bdi canh nhU sau: trUdc tien, </i>
xic dinh nhdng van de ma nifdc My
phai dd'i mat hien nay va viec dinh
<i>hinh chinh sach ciia nUdc My. ThU hai, </i>
nhdng dinh hUdng chinh sich dd'i ngoai
<i>cua chinh quyen Obama. ThU ba, </i>
nhdng y kien ve quan he hpp tic kinh
te Viet N a m - Hoa Ky,

Npi dung cua bd'i canh mdi hien
nay trong quan he gida hai nUdc Viet
Nam va Hoa Ky cd the cd nhieu,
nhung chung tdi chi trinh bay nhdng
van de lien quan den chinh sach dd'i
ngdai va nhdng dinh hudng chien lifdc
cda nUdc My, Vi viec dinh hudng
chien lifdc va xay diing chinh sach dd'i
ngoai mdi cd tinh khach quan (nhdng
nhan td ben trong va ben ngoai quy
dinh mpt nUdc phai cd chinh sach
thich dng), lai vda cd tinh chu quan,
ddng thdi, cung phai phd hdp vdi ban

GS. T S . N g u y i n T h i e t S d n
<i>Vien Nghien ci/u Chdu My </i>

linh va nang liic thiic hien cua nhdng
ngUdi thiic thi chinh sach, neu khdng,
chinh sach se bi pha san... Chinh vi
vay, chinh sach dd'i ngoai cua chinh
quyen Obama se cd nhdng tac dpng
khac nhau dd'i vdi cic nUdc va cac khu
viic tren the gidi, cung nhU dd'i vdi
Viet Nam, do dd van de c i n dUdc
nghien cdu mpt each than trpng, de cd
the cd mpt so' de xua't gdp phan tao cd
sd cho viec hoach dinh chinh sach (d
day la chinh sach quan he kinh te)
cua Viet Nam dd'i vdi Hoa Ky,

<b>1. Hoa Ky - Nhfing v a n de phai </b>
<b>doi mat </b>

Hoa Ky hien nay la mpt nUdc ldn
nha't the gidi ve kinh te, chinh tri va
quan sii, nhUng Hoa Ky cung phai dd'i
mat vdi rat nhieu t h i c h thdc, ben
canh nhdng lpi ich thu dupc do vi tri
sieu CUPng so' mdt the gidi.

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t r d n g khi sdc m a n h cua nudc My d a n g
giam sut tUdng ddi,

<i>Thdch thUc trUdc tien la k h u n g </i>

h o a n g k i n h te tai c h i n h t r o n g nudc va
t r e n t h e gidi va t i e m lUc tdng the cua
nudc My d a n g giam sut n g h i e m trpng
(trong ty t r p n g t o a n c i u ) . T i c dpng
cua k h u n g h o a n g va tiem liic tdng t h e
giam sut dupc do b i n g n h d n g a n h
h u d n g tieu ciic, to ldn, den toan bp ddi
sd'ng k i n h te - xa hpi My, den ta't ca
cac cdng ty, td chdc, mdi ngUdi dan;
h i n g ty t r p n g giam sut cua G D P va sd
n g a n h mui n h p n d d n g d i u sd vdi t h e
gidi; dupc do b i n g viec liic lifdng
khiing bd d a m ti'n cdng triic dien vae
bieu t u p n g cua nUdc My chinh trong

long nudc My va dd My dUdng nhU
ngay lap tdc chd'ng t r a , t u y e n chien
vdi chu n g h i a k h u n g bd', nhUng thiic
te, chd n g h i a k h u n g bd' v i n "chUa sd"
My; dupc do b a n g viec nUdc ldn k h i c
tai dien d a n q u a n t r p n g cda t h e gidi
gan day de nghi giam vai trd t h e gidi
cda ddng ddla My,

Day la t h i c h t h d c q u a n trpng nhi't,
vi neu nifdc My I i sieu cifdng m a n h
me n h u trUdc, k h d n g lUc lu'dng nao
dam t h i c h t h d c n h u vay c i . Sii g i i m
sut v i yen k e m cda vai trd v i sdc
m a n h My da gay n e n t i n h t r a n g dd,
Nhieu hpc g i i v i c h i n h k h a c h My cho
rang, hien nay nUdc My du gap khd
k h a n van d a n g la mpt nifdc p h a t trien
m a n h me n h a t t h e gidi, chi cd dieu
nhieu nUdc c u n g d a n g p h a t trien
m a n h len, chiem ty t r p n g ldn hPn so
vdi trUdc, k h i e n ty p h i n cda My giam
tUdng ddi sd vdi cac nifdc khac, nhifng
nUdc My van d a n g di dau,

<i>- Thdch thi/c thU hai la My p h a i cd </i>
chinh sach ngdai giad mdi, cdng cu
thiic hien mdi, C h i n h sach dd chuyen
td ddn phifdng, sdc m a n h , dd'i d i u
triic dien s a n g da phifdng, hda hoan

hdp t i c , sU d u n g sdc m a n h tri tue,,,.
chd p h d hdp vdi sdc m a n h va kha

n a n g hien n a y cda My. Chinh phd My
phai n h a n h chdng dinh hinh chinh
s i c h dd'i ngdai mdi de xac dinh vai tre
cua My hien n a y t r o n g hpp t i c va giii
quj'e't cac vi'n de qud'c te va cung la de
hao ve lpi ich cda nUdc My.

<i>Thdch, thUc tiep theo I i c i c h thdc </i>

giai quyet c i c diem ndng t r e n the gidi
va c i c v a n de toan cau: - Chd'ng
k h u n g bd'; - Iraq; - I r a n : - B i c Trieu
Tien; A f g h a n i s t a n va P a k i s t a n :
-Hda binh T r u n g Ddng vdi van de
Israel va P a l e s t i n e : - C i c van de t o i n
c i u , n h u k h u n g h o i n g tai chinh, van
de d i u md n a n g lu'dng. van de khi
h a u , ndng len t e a n c i u , van de dich
benh,,. Day la n h d n g v a n de lien quan
den hda b i n h dn dinh va p h a t trien.
dd'i d i u va hdp t i c , canh t r a n h va
quyen liic, lien q u a n den sii suy yeu,
giam sut vai trd t o i n c i u cua My,

<i>Thdch thUc thU tU la giai quyet cic </i>

mdi q u a n he vdi T r u n g Qudc. quan he

vdi Nga, Day I i t h i c h thdc q u a n trpng
t h u d n g xuyen trifdc m a t va lau dai dd'i
vdi vai trd sieu cu'dng sd mpt the gidi
cua My,

Trdng c i c mdi q u a n he va t h i c h
thdc t r e n day ddi vdi nUdc My, quan
he vdi k h u viic Deng N a m A, trdng dd
Cd Viet N a m , rd r a n g khdng p h i i Ii
h i n g d i u .

Mpt t r o n g n h d n g van de r a t quan
trpng cua cUdng qud'c My trdng bd'i
canh hien nay la dinh h i n h dieu chinh
lai t e a n bp sii p h i t trien cda nUdc My
t h e e met md h i n h p h a t trien mdi, hay
me h i n h p h a t trien k i n h te - xa hpi
cua cUdng qud'c so' mpt the gidi, cd k h i
n a n g tao diing budc ngoat cho sii p h i t
trien cda nifdc My v i t h e gidi.

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nhdng lan dieu chinh budc ngoat quan
trpng: thdi Tdng thd'ng F, Roosevelt
nam 1933 vdi thach thdc cua Dai
khung hoang va thiic hien New Deal;
thdi Tdng thd'ng R, Reagan nhiing nam

1980 vdi nhdng thach thdc cua Chien
tranh Lanh va ngay nay, ngudi ta dang
ddi hdi v i dpi chd cd sU thay ddi bUdc

ngoat cho mpt ky nguyen mdi, ky
nguyen sau Chien tranh Lanh, Nhdng
budc ngoat nay deu cd nhdng thay ddi
ldn trong chinh sach dd'i npi lan chinh
sach dd'i ngoai cua Hoa Ky,

New Deal cua Tdng thd'ng F,
Roosevelt dupc thiic hien de phuc hdi
nUdc My va xic dinh vai trd vi tri cua
My tren the gidi sau Dai khung
hoang, "Mpt tram ngay dau tien" cua
Roosevelt tap trung vao thiic hien cdu
trp khan cap, mpt phan cua Chien
lupc phuc hdi va phat trien di't nUdc.
Td ngay 9/3 den 16/6 nam 1933, Tdng
thdng Roosevelt da de trinh Qudc hpi
mpt so' lupng ky luc cic dii luat, va ta't
ca deu dUdc thdng qua. Rat nhieu
cdng viec khan cip da dupc thiic hien:
1/ Vdi gdi kich thich kinh te 3,3 ty
USD nham cdu trp, viic day v i phat
trien cic nganh kinh te, nhU cdng
nghiep, ndng nghiep, xay diing, xay
diing nha d, dUdng sat..,, tad viec lam
va giam that nghiep; 2/ Thiic thi cat
giam ngan sach lien bang, treng dd cd
40% quy trp cap ciiu chien binh va
toan bp chi tieu quan sii, cat ngan
sach danh cho luc quan va hai quan;
3/ c i t giam ngudn thu cua chinh phu;

4/ Thanh lap cac doanh nghiep qud'c
doanh. trong dd cd doanh nghiep ldn
nhat trong lich sd nUdc My
(Tennessee Valley Authority -TVA, de
quan ly cac dii an d Tennessee); 5/
Ban hanh va thiic hien cac dae luat
thiet yeu cho cupc sd'ng, lao dpng va
cai each kinh te, nhu Dao luat An
sinh Xa hpi, thiet lap he thd'ng an

sinh xa hdi va hda hen an sinh kinh
te cho ngUdi gia, ngudi ngheo va ngUdi
benh. Dao luat Wagner - Dao luat
Quan he Lao dpng Qud'c gia, danh cho
cdng nhan quyen td chdc nghiep doan,
tham gia cac cupc thUPng thao vdi cic
td chdc nghiep doan va quyen tham
gia dinh cdng, Dao luat Cdng nghiep
<i>Qud'c gia {National Industrial </i>

<i>Recovery Act - NIRA) nam 1933 thiic </i>

hien Cai each nen kinh te, nham
cham ddt tinh t r a n g canh t r a n h khd'c
liet, bang each bupc cac nganh cdng
nghiep phai t u a n thu bp qui tac an
dinh cd che van h a n h cho mpi cdng ty
nhu gia san, thda hiep t r a n h canh
tranh va dinh mdc s i n xua't...

Day la thdi ky ban tay hdu hinh
cua chinh phu phat huy tac dung dUa
nUdc My thoat khdi khung hoang, trd
thanh nUdc hung manh nha't the gidi,
cung la thdi ky budc ngoat to ldn cua
nUdc My vdi Ky nguyen Roosevelt
trong lich sU nUdc n i y .

Ky nguyen R. Reagan cung bat d i u
td nhdng phan dng lai t i c dpng tieu
cUc cua lam p h i t , suy thoai kinh te
t r i m trpng, d i u nhdng nam 1980,
nhdng phdc tap trong quan he qud'c
te, sii banh trUdng vai trd va pham vi
hoat dpng cua chinh phii. Va Reagan
da ghi dau an trong viec dinh hinh lai
p h i t trien cho nUdc My, ca trong dd'i
npi l i n dd'i ngoai vdi nhdng tU tUPng,
quan diem cP ban sau:

1/ Bai bd cic quy dinh va giam vai
trd cua chinh phu dd'i vdi nen kinh te
(nghia la loai bd quyen liic cua ban
tay hdu hinh dd'i vdi viec dieu hanh va
quan ly nen kinh te);

2/ Thay ddi chinh sach tai chinh:
cat giam thue;

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N h d n g q u a n diem va y tUdng cua

R e a g a n da dupc d n g d u n g t r o n g thiic
tien, Va s a u nay, G, B u s h da p h i t
t r i e n t h e m vdi hpc t h u y e t d i n h ddn
p h u d i u t r o n g q u a n h e qud'c te, NgUdi
t a cho r i n g , Hpc t h u y e t R e a g a n cd t h e
da p h u hdp vdi bdi c a n h t h e gidi va
<i>nUdc My luc dd, da d i n den sii sup do </i>
cua n h a nUdc Lien B a n g Xd-viet,
cha'm d d t Chien t r a n h L a n h , t h e gidi
cd n h i e u t h a p ky t a n g trUdng k i n h te,
•dUa nUdc My len vi t r i sieu cUdng duy
n h i ' t t r e n t h e gidi, NhUng sii tiep tuc
cua c i c t h e h e c h i n h p h u My va sii
t h i i q u i cua G. B u s h da l i m che nUdc
My l d n s a u vao k h u n g h o a n g tai
chinh k i n h te, t i n h h i n h q u a n he qudc
te cang t h i n g , c h u n g h i a k h u n g bd'
p h a t t r i e n , n h i e u nUdc ldn nhd cua t h e
gidi p h i t t r i e n m a n h len cd k h a n a n g
c a n h t r a n h triic tiep vdi My, nhieu
nUdc cd k h a n a n g chia p h i n va de dpa
triic tiep den sdc m a n h va ldi ich cua
My t r e n k h i p t h e gidi,

Nudc My c i n cd sii t h a y ddi va phai
t h a y ddi de p h i t t r i e n , day la n h u c i u
ri't cap t h i e t cua nUdc My hien nay,
NhUng mud'n t h a y ddi va tao nen dupc
"ky n g u y e n mdi" h a y k h d n g I i mdt
hien thiic k h i c , nd ddi hdi Tdng thdng

cua nUdc My (Tdng thd'ng O b a m a hien
nay, hoac Tong thd'ng n h d n g nhiem
ky tiep theo) p h a i giai quyet ddt
k h o a t va trUdc tien n h d n g vi'n de cd
b a n s a u day:

1/ Giai q u y e t vi'n de k h u n g h o a n g
t i i chinh k i n h te h i e n n a y mdt each cd
ban, lau dai va tau tien de thuc day
t a n g trUdng k i n h te My che n h i e u
t h i p ky tdi,

2/ Heach d i n h c h i n h s i c h ddi ngdai
n h i m x i c dinh lai vai trd l a n h dao t h e
gidi cua My. D a y la mpt n h i e m vu khd
k h a n p h d c t a p , vi n h i e u nUdc t r e n t h e
gidi d a n g p h a t t r i e n vifdt d a n ra khdi

sii kiem seat triic tiep cua My. Chinh
s i c h n g a n h a n trUdc m a t cua My la
p h a i cung vdi c i c nUdc t r e n the gi6i
vUdt qua khiing h o a n g k i n h te tai
chinh, n h a m xda bd h i n h a n h xau cua
nUdc My va lay lai niem tin cua the
gidi d a n g r a t giam sut. v i o nUdc My.

3/ Dinh h i n h sii p h i t t r i e n cda nUdc
My t r o n g n h d n g t h i p ky tdi.

Giai quyet n h d n g v a n de t r e n day

cd nghia la cd t h e p h a i vUpt qua
n h d n g di s i n cua F. Roosevelt. R.
Reagan, va n h i e u tdng thd'ng k h i c cua
My de tao r a mpt chu t h u y e t phat
t r i e n mdi cho nUdc My t r o n g bo'i c i n h
t h e gidi h i e n n a y d a n g t h a y ddi. Chi
CO n h u vay nUdc My mdi c6 k h i n a n g
tiep tuc p h i t trien, va cung cd nghia
la dinh h i n h mpt chinh s i c h p h a t
trien mdi cd t i n h chat bifdc ngoat,
trong dd c6 chinh s i c h dd'i ngoai.

2. NhiJfng d i n h h u ' d n g c h i n h s a c h
d o i n g o a i ciia c h i n h q u y e n O b a m a

Mpt t r o n g n h d n g dinh hudng chinh
s i c h dd'i ngoai q u a n trpng nhi't cua
chinh quyen O b a m a hien nay la
chuyen t d chu nghia dPn phUPng va
sd d u n g sdc m a n h i p d i e sang chu
nghia da phUdng, hdp t i c hdn va it
ngao m a n hdn ve met "sieu cUdng duy
n h a t t r e n t h e gidi', ten trpng hdn
tieng ndi cua cac nUdc k h i c .

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bo cd kha nang uy hiep triic tiep den
an ninh cua nUdc My".

Cac cdng cu khac nhau bao gdm sdc
manh cdng, sdc manh mem, hay

chinh tri, quan sii, kinh te, ngoai giao,
van hda, xa hpi... dupc sd dung ket
hpp trong quan he qud'c te. Viec sU
dung tdng hpp cic cdng cu dUpc cac
hpc gia va quan chdc ngoai giao My
gpi la "Sdc manh Tri tue". Ngoai
trUdng My Hillary Clintdn coi viec sd
dung sdc manh tri tue cua chinh sich
dd'i ngoai My hien nay Ii n h i m dd'i
phd vdi cao t h i c h thdc toan ciu.

Dinh hudng chinh sach dd'i ngoai cua
My hien nay cd mpt so' net dang chd y:
1/ Bao dam tuyet dd'i lpi ich sd'ng cdn va
an ninh qud'c gia ciia My va cic ddng
minh, thuc day tang trUdng kinh te My
va kinh te the gidi va thinh vUpng
chung, nham tang cUPng dia vi lanh
dao toan cau cua My, bao ve va thuc
day cac gia tri My tren the gidi, 2/ Tii
do va nhan quyen: khang dinh phat
trien kinh te thi trUdng tU dd, bid dam
tu dd v i thdc diy quyen con ngUdi nhu
la trpng t i m quan trpng cua chinh sich
dd'i ngdai cda My, 3/ Uu tien viec heach
dinh chinh sach dd'i ngdai phuc vu lpi
ich Hda Ky trdng quan he qud'c te v i
bao dam cho sU thanh cdng cua chinh
sich. 4/ Su dung linh hoat, mem dee
cac cdng cu dd'i ngoai: ngoai giao dd'i.

thoai, dam phan, thuyet phuc, dung cac
ddn biy kinh te nhU thUdng mai - dau
tu, bao gdm ca viec ky ket cac FTA, hd
trd p h i t trien chinh thdc (ODA), tang
cifdng hpp t i e quan sii, van hda, md
rpng hpp tic vdi cac chinh phd, cac td
chdc phi chinh phii,- cac td chdc qud'c te,
va giae luu nhan dan,

Chd den nay, chinh quyen Obama da
trien khai chinh sach dd'i ngoai tai h i u
nhu ta't ca cac khu viic tren the gidi:
khdi phuc va cung cd' quan he vdi chau
Au va Nga, gap gd va k h i n g dinh thien
chi hdp tie vdi cac nifdc Nam My, quan

tam hdn dd'i vdi chau A, chuyen trpng
tam cua cupc chien chd'ng khung bd' td
Iraq sang Afghanistan, chu trpng tien
trinh hda binh Trung Ddng, dd bd mpt
so' han che vdi Cuba va giam dd'i dau
vdi Iran, Bic Trieu tien, hpp t i c thien
chi vdi Viet Nam.

Tai chau A, My khang dinh "la khu
vUc cd t i m quan trpng sd'ng cdn dd'i vdi
My ngay nay va trong tUPng lai". Vdi
N h i t Ban,' My khdng dinh Nhat "la
hdn da tang trong cac nd liic toan ciu
cua M}^', cam ket tiep tuc bao ve Nhat

Ban va giai quyet van de Trieu Tien,
khung hoang kinh te, nang lifdng sach,
an ninh, bien ddi khi hau va cac van de
toan cau khac. Vdi Han Qud'c, My coi
lien minh My - Han Qud'c la "lien minh
chien lUpc toan cau" va la "hdn da tang
cho hda binh va dn dinh tren ban dao
Trieu Tien va Ddng Bac A",

Vdi cac nUdc ASEAN, My the hien
mong mud'n thiet lap quan he dd'i tic
toin dien va hdp t i c sau sac hdn, n h i m
thuc day dan chu va phat trien, tae
khudn khd thdc day nhdng lpi ich chung
trdng cic van de khu viic va toan cau,

Vdi Trung Qud'c, My cam ket se theo
dudi cic quan he tich ciic, hdp tic, "lim
sau sac hdn nda v i md rpng" quan he
My-Trung, trong dd quan he kinh te
song phUPng la "thiet yeu" do'i vdi My,
duy tri dd'i thoai cap cao ve chien lUdc
(cac van de chinh tri, an ninh va toan
ciu) va dd'i thoai kinh te (cac van de tai
chinh va kinh te) theo mpt khudn khd
rd rang, dai han va tdng the,

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mdt "trat tii the gidi mdi" tren cd sd
mpt hpc thuyet mdi,

<b>3. Quan he Viet - My </b>

Quan he Viet-My da trai qua mpt
giai doan k h i dai td khi My bd ci'm van
chdng Viet Nam va hien nay, mdi quan
he dd dupc d i n h gia la tich ciic, dip
dng dupc ldi ich cua ca hai ben, mac du
tiem nang chUa dUdc khai thic het,

Vdi chinh sich dd'i ngdai cua chinh
quyen My hien nay va trong tUdng lai,
Viet Nam c i n cd nhdng dieu chinh
thich dng de cd dUpc quan he tich ciic
vdi My phuc vu hieu qua sii nghiep
ddi mdi cua Viet Nam.

<i><b>Ve mat nhdn thuc: Nhdng t i c </b></i>

dpng cua chinh sach dd'i ngoai cua
My ldi hai it hay nhieu den Viet Nam
va md'i quan he My-Viet phu thudc
ri't nhieu v i o nhan thdc cua ca hai
ben, nha't Ii cda Viet Nam, Neu Viet
Nam nhan thdc dung v i cd dd'i sich
hdp ly dd'i vdi chinh sich dd'i ngdai
cua My, thi Viet Nam cd the thu dUpc
nhieu lpi ich,

Mpt thiic te chinh sich dd'i ngoai
cua My cho tha'y. My dang thay ddi

trong cich tiep can v i dng xU, My
dang sd dung cac bien p h i p dd'i thoai,
ling nghe, da phUPng, hpp tic giam
cang t h i n g , tang cUdng Idng tin vdi
cic nUdc v i cic khu v i i c .

Nhdng thay ddi d My va chinh sich
dd'i ngoai My, nhi't la cac quan diem v i
dinh hifdng quan he qud'c te trong bo'i
canh qud'c te hien nay, cho phep chung
ta nhin nhan lai thich hpp ve nUdc My
trong quan he vdi Viet Nam, va xic
dinh hpp ly md'i quan he hpp tic kinh
te Viet Nam - Hoa Ky cho thdi gian tdi.

TrUdc tien, theo chung tdi, can nhin
nhan Viet Nam cd vai trd, vi tri nhif
the nao dd'i vdi My, Cd the cd cic quan
diem sau:

1/ Neu chung ta cho ring, Viet
Nam dang phat trien manh me va cd
vai trd vi tri ra't to ldn trong khu viic

v i tren the gidi v i cdng cd vai tro rat
to ldn dd'i vdi My trong viec giup My
tao the can b i n g trong khu viic, thi c6
the xic dinh mpt chinh sach nhat
dinh nao dd;

2/ Neu cho rang, Viet Nam qua gin
mpt p h i n tU the ky thiic hien Ddi mdi
da thu dupc mdt sd' ket qui nhat dinh.
ddi sd'ng nhan dan dupc cii thien hdn
trUdc, quan he qud'c te dUdc rpng md
hdn, Viet Nam dang thay ddi minh de
phd hdp vdi budc chuyen cua the gidi,
hda n h i p va lam ban vdi cic nUdc trong
cdng ddng qud'c te, cd cic md'i quan he
hdu nghi cung cd ldi vdi My. thi cd the
heach dinh mpt chinh sich nhat dinh
nid dd trdng quan he vdi My.

3/ Quan diem cua chung tdi cho
r i n g , Viet Nam da c6 nhieu thay ddi
qua nhieu nam Ddi mdi, dang tdng
budc hpi n h i p vao nen kinh te the
gidi, vio cic boat dpng cua cdng
ddng qud'c t$, Viet Nam dang cin cd
nhieu dieu kien hPn de tiep tuc phat
trien, chdng nguy cP tut hau, v i cii
thien quan he vdi My la mdt dieu
kien het sdc quan trpng. Day la
nhan thdc cua chdng tdi. Tren cd sd
nhan thdc nay, chdng tdi thay cin cd
nhdng n h i n dinh thich hdp ve "nhan
te'My" hien nay.

<i><b>Nhdn dinh ve "Nhdn td My": Td </b></i>

n h i n thdc va quan niem tren, theo
chdng tdi, nUdc My dang cd nhieu
thay ddi, dang gap nhieu kho khan do
khung b e i n g t i i chinh kinh te, do di
s i n cda cic chinh quyen trUdc de lai.

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cdng nghe, yeu td con ngUdi, tiem liic
quan sii, tiem liic kinh te, sii linh hoat
cua chinh sach qud'c gia, dam chap
nhan "thay ddi" trong the gidi "dang
ddi thay" hien nay,... Day la cd sd vat
chi't quan trpng, ma nhdng nUdc nao
tren the gidi mud'n phat trien manh,
khdng the khdng tinh den de thiet lap
quan he vdi My.

<i><b>Nhicng quan diem, chinh sdch </b></i>
<i><b>vd ddi sdch cua Viet Nam trong </b></i>

<i>quan he vdi My: Neu nhan dinh nhU </i>

tren (khdng phai de lo ngai sdc manh
My, m i la de cd chinh sich phu hdp),
chac chan Viet Nam can cd nhdng
quan diem, chinh sach va dd'i sich
thich dng vi lpi ich cua dan tpc.

<i>Quan diem, chinh sdch vd ddi sdch </i>
<i>ciia Ddng vd Nhd nUdc Viet Nam ri't rd </i>

rang ve hpi nhap qud'c te, Viet Nam
dang tich cUc va chu dpng hpi nhap vie
cdng ddng qud'c te, dia chi tin cay cho
hdp tic qud'c te, Viet Nam lai dang cd
nhdng quan he tich ciic vdi Hoa Ky,
Dang va Nha nUdc Viet Nam chu trUdng
md rdng cic quan he hpp tic kinh te vdi
My, Cdi My Ii dd'i tic quan trpng cua
Viet Nam, trong hdp tic cin dap dng ldi
ich ciia ca hai ben, tdn trpng cac nguyen
tie dpc lap chu quyen, khdng can thiep
vie cdng viec npi bd,,.

<i><b>Mot sd y kien cua chung toi ve </b></i>
<i><b>"nhdn td My" vd quan he kinh te </b></i>
<i><b>Viet • My: </b></i>

Chung tdi cd 5 y kien sau:

1/ Ve quan diem, can coi hdp t i c vdi
My la nhan td' nen tang, cd ban trdng
p h i t trien kinh te - xa hpi Viet Nam,

2/ Quan he vdi My phai coi My la
dd'i t i c chien lUpc quan trpng nhi't cua
Viet Nam,

3/ Nhanh chdng ky ket FTA vdi My,
4/ Cac quan he khac phai dupc
nang tam tUPng xdng: cac quan he an

ninh quan sU, chinh tri,

5/ Hpc tap kinh nghiem cua cac
nUdc trong quan he vdi My (Trung

Qud'c, Ddng Nam A, Ddng Bic A),
thiic hien nguyen t i c cac ben thif ba
tha'y khdng bi anh hUdng khi Viet
Nam day m a n h va md rpng quan he
vdi My.

Nhdng y kien nay dUdc cu the hdn
nhu sau:

<i>Ve quan diem hdp tdc kinh te: </i>

Trong dieu kien neu tren, Viet Nam
c i n chu dpng coi quan he vdi Hoa Ky
nhu la mpt quan he nen tang quan
trpng trong quan he qudc te, v i Ii
quan he nen tang, cd ban trdng p h i t
trien kinh te - xa hpi cua Viet Nam,
ddng thdi cung coi trpng cac md'i quan
<i>he vdi cac ben thii ba khac. NhU vdy, </i>

<i>ve quan diem quan he hdp tdc kinh te </i>
<i>vdi Hoa Ky, chdng toi de nghi coi </i>
<i>"Nhdn to' My" Id nhdn to' cd bdn, nen </i>
<i>tdng trong phdt trien kinh te - xd hqi </i>
<i>cua Viet Nam (Vi thiic te, hien nay </i>

My da va se chiem ty trpng ra't ldn
trong cac yeu to dau vao cua nen kinh
te Viet Nam: Vd'n (vd'n FDI ddng h i n g
d i u d Viet Nam, vd'n d i u tU giin tiep
se rat ldn), cdng nghe, may mdc thiet
bi, bi quyet quan ly, dao tao tri thdc...
v i cic yeu to' d i u ra: thi trUdng tieu
thu loai ldn nha't cua Viet Nam).

<i>Ve dinh hUdng chinh sdch: Neu </i>

nhu vay, can nang t i m quan he, nhU
da dupc khang dinh qua cac cupc gap
thupng dinh Viet-My gida cac nha
lanh dao Viet Nam va Hoa Ky, len
hdp t i e toan dien, n h i m tang cUdng
ldi ich va nang cao vi the cua Viet
Nam. Thiic tien lich sd diing nUdc v i
gid nUdc cua Viet Nam cung da chi ra
r i n g , vdi chinh sich hdu nghi lim
ban vdi ta't ca cac nUdc, Viet Nam da
chuyen hda mpt each td't dep cic md'i
quan he phdc tap, thu dich cua qua
khd vdi nhieu nUdc sang quan he hdp
t i c hdu nghi cung cd ldi va tin tUdng
lan nhau, Viet Nam cung dang hdp
t i e vdi My tren tinh than nhu vay.

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<i>chiing tdi cho rdng, cdn coi md rdng </i>

<i>quan he todn dien vdi My la viec binh </i>
<i>thudng dd'i vdi Viet Nam, cdng nhU </i>
<i>ddi vdi cdc nUdc tren the gidi vd My </i>
<i>phdi la dot tdc chien lUdc quan trqng </i>

<i>nhdt cua Viet Nam. </i>

<i>Ve ddi sdch, hay cdc gidi phdp quan </i>
<i>he vdi Hoa Ky: C^hung tdi ddng t i n h </i>

vdi n h i e u y k i e n che r a n g , t r d n g q u a n
he vdi Hda Ky, Viet N a m c i n cd:

<i>1/ Chinh sdch ngoqi giao: thdn thien </i>

<i>vd da dqng, t d chd cd q u a n he t h u dich </i>

t r e n g chien t r a n h (gida n h a n dan Viet
N a m vdi n h i i n g liic lifdng chu chien
trong chinh q u y e n va xa hpi My,
khdng p h a i vdi n h a n d a n My), chuyen
sang q u a n he dd'i t i c , cdng cd lpi.

<i>2 / Chinh sdch hdp tdc: todn dien. </i>
<i>Ve kinh te: nhanh chdng tien tdi ky </i>
<i>ket FTA vdi My, day m a n h xua't n h a p </i>

k h a u d i u tu, c h u y e n giao cdng nghe.

<i>Ve an ninh qudn sU, chinh tri phdi </i>

<i>dUdc ndng tdm tUdng xUng, t r o n g dd </i>

cd cac md'i q u a n he hdp t i c sdng
phUdng Viet-My va cac md'i q u a n he
hpp t i c gida Viet N a m va Hoa Ky
trong c i c td chdc qud'c te v i q u a n he
vdi dd'i t i c t h d ba,

<i>Ve cdc linh vUc khdc cdn dUdc md </i>
<i>rdng: hpp t i c t r o n g bao ve mdi trUdng, </i>

p h i t t r i e n n a n g lifdng sach v i p h i t
trien ben vdng, xda ddi giam ngheo,
dao tao va g i i o due, y te, van h o i , t h e
due the t h a o , du lich, hdp t i c vdi
ngUdi Viet d My,,.

<i>Vi viec hoc tap kinh nghiem cua cdc </i>
<i>nUdc khdc trong quan he vdi My: Ra't </i>

nhieu nUdc tren the gidi cd quan he vdi
My v i cd r a t nhieu kinh nghiem c i n
nghien cdu hpc tap, (J C h i u A. nhieu
nUdc n h u T r u n g Qud'c, N h i t Ban, H a n
Qudc, T h i i Lan, Philippines,,,, cd r a t
nhieu quan he chat che vdi My, Neu cd
nghien cdu, se t h a y q u a n he cua Viet

<b>Nam vdi My chUa dUdc bad nhieu, neu </b>

Viet Nam md rpng hPn q u a n he vdi My,
cdng chua the b a n g cic nUdc tren, Vay

<b>quan he Viet-My khdng the a n h hudng </b>

nhieu hdn den cic nUdc tren se vdi
q u a n he cua c i c nifdc dd vdi My i n h
hudng den Viet Nam,

<i>31 Nguyen tdc hdp tdc: Treng hdp </i>

t i c toan dien c i n tdn trpng n h d n g
n g u y e n tac t i n cay lan n h a u , khdng ne
t r i n h , t h a n g t h a n t r a o ddi c i c van de
v i biet n h a n nhUdng ( n h d n g van de
chUa ce sii nha't tri), tdn trpng dpc lap
d a n tpc, chu q u y e n qud'c gia. cdng viec
npi bp. h a i ben cdng cd lpi va khong
xam h a i lpi ich cda ben t h d ba trong
dieu kien t o a n c i u h o i v i hpi n h i p
qud'c te hien nay.

<b>K e t l u a n </b>

T r e n day la n h d n g y kien rieng,
c h d n g tdi cho r i n g , Viet N a m da chd
dpng hpi n h a p qud'c te v i da xay diing
dupc n h i e u q u a n he td't dep, tich ciic
vdi Hoa Ky va da t h u dUdc nhieu ket
q u i ldn. Trong dieu kien Hoa Ky dang

cd n h d n g t h a y ddi va bUdc chuyen
mdi, Viet N a m c i n chu ddng cd chinh
s i c h thich hdp, thuc day m a n h me
hdn n d a q u a n he t d i n dien vdi Hea
Ky t r d n g giai ddan mdi, vi lpi ich p h a t
trien cda di't nUdc c h d n g ta •

<i>Tdi lieu tham khdo: </i>

1, Eliot Cohen, "What's Different about the Obama
Foreign Policy?", ,
Washinhton, Aug 2009.

2. Michael Scherer, "The five Pillars of Obama's
Foreign Policy", Washington 1,3 J u l 2009. Time.com
7 Aug 2009.

3..H.A. Kissinger, "Obama's Foreign Policy
Challenge", 22 Apr 2009. The Washington
Post.com.

<i>4. Randall B. Woods, "Vietnam and the American </i>

<i>Political Tradition: The politics of Dissent". </i>

Cambridge University Press, 2003.

5. Joseph Nve, " Soft Power: The Means to Success in
World Politics", Public Affairs, 2006.

6. Dieu t r a n ciia Scot Marciel, Pho trd ly .Ngoai trUdng
My, Vu cac van de Dong A - Thai Binh Diidng Bp
Ngoai giao My ve "Hdp tac Hoa Ky - Viet Nam: 'Ve
cac van de lien q u a n den Chat Da Cam" trade Tieu
ban Chau A - Thai Binh Diidng va Moi'trUdng Toan
cau, Uy ban Doi ngoai. Ha nghi vien Hoa Ky.
Website US Embassy to Vietnam, 6/2009.

7- Thong cao Bao chi Chung ve cuoc hop giCla Ngoai
triidng Hoa Ky va Bo trifdng Ngo.ai giao cac nifdc ha
nguon song Mekong. Website US Embassy to
Vietnam, 7/2009.

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