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N g h i e n ctiu - Trao ddi <b>T p p c h i C ^ n g s d n </b>
MAI HAI OANH
<i>Trong qud trinh phdt trien nen kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xd hgi </i>
<i>chu nghia d nudc ta, viec xdy dung nen vdn hda tien tien ddm dd bdn sdc </i>
<i>ddn tgc diing trudc nhiing thu thdch mdi, trong do cd nhiing vdn de mdi </i>
<i>ndy sinh tu thuc tien doi hdi ehung ta phdi cd nhdn thiic dung vd gidi </i>
<i>quyet mgt cdch hop ly. Nghien ciiu moi lien he ngi tai cua phdt trien vdn </i>
<i>hda vdi kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xd hgi chu nghia de thuc Men su </i>
<i>phdt trien hdi hoa giUa kinh te, chinh tri vd vdn hda, xd hgi cd y nghia </i>
<i>vo Cling to Idn. </i>
Nghien cihi chu de mdi cua phat trien van
hda Uong dilu kien kinh te thj trudng djnh
hudng xa hdi chu nghia thuc chat la nghien
euu quan he ciia van hda tien tien vdi kinh te
thj Uudng djnh hudng xa hpi chii nghia. Viee
chuyin ddi tii thi chl kinh te ke hoaeh h6a tap
trung sang till chl kinh te thj Uudng dinh
hudng xa hdi ehii nghia d nudc ta lam cho san
nhien, neu ehi can cir vao nhihig hien tupng
tieu cue nay de do loi eho kinh te thi trudng
ma khdng nhin thay mat tich cue ciia nd thi se
roi vao phien dien, hon the, vd hinh trung ddi
lap van hda tien tien vdi kinh te thj trudng.
Bdi vay, dudi dieu kien kinh te thj trudng dinh
hirdng xa hdi chii nghia, phat trien van hda
phai Ua ldi mpt cau hdi ly luan quan trpng:
phat trien van hda va phat trien kinh te thi
trudng dinh hudng xa hdi ehii nghia bai trir Ian
nhau hay thong nhat bien ehung vdi nhau?
Cau Ua ldi se la su ket hpp hai yeu to "thi
trudng" va "dinh hudng xa hpi chii nghia"
ham chua mdt y nghia van hda bao triim:
ehiing ta chi cd the thuc hien dupc phuong
cham nay mpt khi v nghia van hda chi phoi
toan bp nen kinh te thj trudng eua ehiing ta.
Ndi khae di, d day van hda va kinh te hoa
quyen vao nhau de bao dam cho xa hpi phat
trien trong tinh lanh manh dde dao ctia nd.
Nghien ctiu - Trao doi <b>Tpp chi C^ng sdn </b>
Trong tdng thi xa hpi, ca bdn he thdng van
minh kinh tl, chinh trj, van hda, sinh thai phai
nim trong mpt chinh the hiiu ca gan bd, thuc
diy lin nhau, khong the tach rdi yi su biet lap
timg bp phan se keo liii phat trien. Chi cd su
phat Uiln nhip nhang giua kinh te, ehinh tri,
van hda, xa hoi va tao ra su phat trien hai hda
giiia van minh vat chat va van minh tinh than
mdi bao dam cho su thang lpi eiia ehu nghia
xa hdi. Van hda phan anh girong mat tinh than
eua nhan dan va trinh dp van minh cua dan
tdc, la luc lupng tinh than va nhan td tri luc ed
tac dung thiic day phat trien toan dien xa hdi.
Su phat trien van hda trong viec thda man nhu
cau van hda ngay mdt tang cao eiia nhan dan,
nang eao tinh than yeu nude, td chat van hda
khoa hpe va to chat dao diic tu tirdng eiia toan
dan tpc, hinh thanh ly tirdng va khat vpng
ehung eiia tat ea mpi thanh vien trong xa hdi,
thue sir la nen tang tinh than va tru cdt tinh
than quan trpng khdng gi thay the dupc. Phat
trien kinh te thj trudng djnh hudng xa hpi ehu
nghia la su chpn lira tat nhien de phat trien sue
san xuat xa hpi nham tien tdi hien dai hda dat
nudc. Do do, phat trien van hda tien tien song
song vdi phat trien kinh te thj trudng djnh
hudng xa hdi chii nghia thue chat la dl giai
phdng va phat trien sue san xuat xa hdi, nhim
<i>Trudc hit, phat trien kinh te thj trudng djnh </i>
hudng xa hdi chu nghTa la ngudn thue tiln dl
phat trien van hoa tien tien. Van hda tien tiln
Viet Nam hien nay vira bit ngudn tir lieh sir
van hien may nghin nam eua dan tdc ddng
thdi gan chat vdi thuc tien cdng nghiep hda,
hien dai hda dat nude. Tinh tien tien cua no
khdng nhiing the hien d su tiep ndi hieu qua
truyen thdng van hda lau ddi ma quan trpng
nhat la the hien su phat trien manh me ciia
thdi dai mdi. Siic sdng ca ban ciia van h6a
mdi chii yeu bat ngudn tii boat ddng sang tao
hien thuc cua hang chuc trieu nhan dan.
Chuyen bien tii the che kinh te ke hoaeh hoa
tap trung sang the che kinh te thi tnrdng dinh
<i>Thu hai eung vdi su tien bd eiia khoa </i>
hpc-ky thuat hien dai va su phat trien cua kinh te,
CO sd vat chat cua phat trien van hda cung c6
nhieu bien ddi sau sac. Mdt mat, ham lupng
khoa hpc - ky thuat cua san pham van hoa
ngay cang cao, phuong thuc chuyin tai hien
Nghien ciru - Trao ddi <b>T p p c h i C $ n g s d n </b>
ngudi ta thudng eho rang van hda thuoc
thuang tang kien triic xa rdi kinh te va ehi tae
ddng den sue san xuit mdt each gian tilp. Tuy
nhien, trong dieu kien kinh tl thj trudng, viee
san xuat san pham van hoa nhu saeh bao, san
pham video khong chi mang y nghia la san
pham truyen ba quan niem, tu tudng ma edn la
mot loai vat hda. Nhiing san pham do nganh
cdng nghiep van hda ehe tac nen ehinh la kit
qua cua qua trinh nhat thi hda van hoa kinh tl.
Theo dd, van hda khdng cdn don thuan la
nhihig quan niem, tu tudng co tae dung gian
tiep ddi vdi sire san xuat, ma con vdi hinh thiie
eiia mot nganh cdng nghiep mdi nang ddng co
hieu suat kinh te eao la eong nghiep van h6a.
Tdm lai, trong thdi dai kinh te tri thue, van
hda va kinh te, khoa hpe ky thuat kinh tl
-van hda ngay cang gan bd chat ehe thi sang
tao ban dau eiia van hda tuy van mang tinh ca
the nhung viec san xuat no da dupe su ho trp
manh me va hieu qua eua khoa hpe - ky thuat
trinh dp cao, e6 kha nang tham nhap thj
<i>Thu ha, san xuat van hoa khi trd thanh mot </i>
nganh eong nghiep van hanh theo quy tac thj
trudng, thi thj trudng se trd thanh eo che thuc
hien eua phat trien van hda tien tien. Mpt mat,
thj trudng trd thanh bieu dd xae djnh nhu eau
van hda tinh than ciia eon ngudi, tir do dat dan
ngudi siin xuat van hda dap ung nhiing nhu
eau da dang ay. Ddng thdi do muc dich eua
van hoa la hudng tdi phuc vu ddng dao quan
ehung nhan dan, nen ve ea ban thj trudng van
hda nudc ta hoan toan nhat tri vdi lpi ich can
ban ciia quan chiing nhan dan, va thong nhat
vdi phuong hirdng phat trien eiia van hda xa
Viec khang dinh tinh thong nhat ciia van
h6a vdi kinh te thj tnrdng nhu da ndi d tren
khong c6 nghia la phu djnh tinh khae biet giua
ehung, va dau phat trien van hda tien tien
khong the tach rdi khoi kinh te thj trudng,
nhung khdng phai cu- thire hien kinh te thj
trudng thi van hoa ducmg nhien se phat trien.
<i>Dd la vi: mot Id, van hoa c6 tinh dae thu, cd </i>
tinh dde lap tuong doi vdi kinh te va ehinh tri.
San pham van hoa mpt khi trd thanh hang hda
va bude vao thj trudng tat phai ehju sir chi
phoi ciia quy luat kinh te thj trudng, nhung ve
ban chat, van hda la sieu kinh te. Van hda tien
tien la ket qua hoat dpng tinh than eiia con
ngudi, CO nhieu tang npi ham ljch su, dao dire,
tham my hudng tdi chan - thien - my. Vdi ndi
dung tinh than phong phu, van hda tac dpng
vao the gidi tinh than eiia con ngudi, tird6 gdp
Nghien cuu - Trao doi <b>T a p c h i C d n g s d n </b>
kem nhung eo kha nang gay hieu ky nhieu khi
lai ban rit chay tren thi trudng. Tai day, thj
tnrdng khong the tu phan biet dupe thien - ac,
dep - xau trong eae san pham van hoa. Neu
khong ehu y den dieu nay, thi viee dieu tiet thj
trudng san pham van hoa rat de chech hudng.
Nguyen nhan sau xa eiia hien tupng nay la: sir
phat trien van hoa tien tien lay mue tieu xa hdi
lam dinh hudng trong khi do kinh te thi truang
lai lay lpi ich ca the lam djnh hudng. Hai dinh
hudng nay khong phai liic nao ciing nhat tri.
Mpt so nha san xuat de roi vao duy lpi ma
quen mat mue tieu xa hpi eua van hda. Vi vay,
sir phat trien cua van hoa khdng the tach rdi
kinh te thi trudng nhung lai khong the hoan
loan bi thj trudng hoa. Phai tim dupe diem ket
Viec xay dung va phat trien thj trudng van
hda cQng nhu viee phat trien eong nghiep van
hda la eo tinh tat yeu va tinh hien thuc hpp ly.
Bdi le, su phat trien eiia kinh te thj trudng djnh
hirdng xa hpi ehii nghia doi hoi phai ed ea che
eong nghiep van hoa va quy md phat trien van
hda tuong irng. Tuy nhien, trong thue te, so
vdi cac quoc gia dang phat trien thi d Viet
Nam viee dau tu san xuat ve van boa, khoa
hoe - ky thuat, giao due van cdn rat nhieu ban
che. Dieu do cho thay ehung ta nhan thirc
chua day du ve vj tri va tam quan trpng ciia
cdng nghiep van hoa vdi tu each la tru cot cua
kinh te duong dai. Mat khae, chiing ta chua
nhan thiic dupc su phat trien hai hda, lau dai
ciia van hda va kinh te, khdng thay hit sir tut
hau cua van hoa se keo lui sir phat triln kinh
te ve sau. Thuc te nay doi hdi ehung ta phai ed
chien lupe phat trien tong thi hpp ly. Ngoai
ra, do su phat trien manh me cua truyen thong
duong dai, toan eau hda ve luu thdng kinh tl
eiing nhu giao luu van hda ngay eang md rpng
bupc ehung ta phai xem xet mpt each nghiem
tue phuong thiic van^ hanh eua thj trudng van
hda de thich iing, hieu ro quy luat kinh tl cua
giao luu van hda va dinh ra saeh lupc an ninh
van hda eua minh, tung bude hoan ehinh thi
ehe van hda, thj tnrdng van hda mang ban sac
Viet Nam.
<i>1 - Kiin tri tu tudng xdy dung nin "vdn hda </i>
<i>Uen tiin dam da bdn sdc ddn tdc" trong xu the </i>
<i>da dqng hda hinh thdi vdn hda </i>
Day la tu tudng chu dao de phat trien van
hda Viet Nam trong thdi dai ngay nay. Thuc
tien cdng eupe doi mdi eho thay phat trien
kinh te thj trudng tat se xuat hien xu the da
dang hda hinh thai van hda. Dieu dd tnrdc het
xuat phat tii ehd van hda cd nhiem vu thoa
man nhu eau van hda ngay eang da dang,
phong phii cua nhan dan. Su nghiep doi mdi
da dem den biic tranh van hda giau mau sac,
san pham van hda ngay cang nhieu ehung
loai, thj trudng van hda ngay eang sdi dpng,
khdng gian chpn lira eua mpi ngudi ngay eang
rpng Idn. Tien bd ciia khoa hpe - ky thuat hien
dai cung gdj) phan thay ddi the ehuyen tai tin
tue (ma bieu hien rd nhat la quang cao tren
internet va cac video gidi thieu san pham),
hinh thirc van hda ciing lien tiep ddi mdi, bo
sung, thay the nham thu hut ngudi tieu dung.
Nghien ciiu - Trao ddi <b>T p p c h i C d n g s d n </b>
nude ngoai cd mdt gi, thdi thupng nao deu
nhanh chdng dan tdi nhirng "eon sdt" thdi
thuang trong nudc.
Kinh te thj trudng la kinh te lay con ngudi
lam goc, sir tu ehii va sir chpn Itia tu do ciia ea
nhan la dac trung noi bat. Van hoa tien tien
eua nude ta la van hda hudng tdi viec thoa
man nhu eau van hda tinh than nhieu tang bac,
da dang cua nhan dan. Dd la loai van hda eo
Nhung su da dang hoa hinh thai van hda
khdng phai la da dang theo kieu tu do vo
chinh phii. Nen van h6a Viet Nam phai la nen
van hda gan lien vdi nhung tu tucing tien tien
nhat eua thdi dai. Day la cot loi tu tuong de tir
dd phat trien van hoa trong tinh da dang va
nang dpng cila nd, nham dap irng tot nhat nhu
eau van hda ctia nhan dan.
<i>2 - Tdng cuimg tdm kiem sodt vl mo cua </i>
<i>Nhd nudc vi Tinh vuc vdn hda vd chuyin bien </i>
<i>phuang thuc qudn ly vdn hda </i>
Tir chd quan ly trirc tiep cae don vj van h6a
va hoat dong van hda nhu trudc day, trong boi
eanh kinh te thi trudng, nhiem vu chinh cua
Nha nude la kiem soat va dieu ehinh a tam vi
md. Vin dl dat ra la lam the nao de su lanh
dao va quan ly ctia Dang va Chinh phti ddi vdi
phat triln van hoa dat hieu qua cao nhung
khdng can thiep qua sau vao qua uinh van
hanh van hda.
<i>Trudc hit, sir chuyen doi phuong thiie quan </i>
ly van hda khdng he lam suy yeu ehiie nang
quan ly linh vuc van hda cua Nha nudc.
Phuang thiie quan ly mdi phai thich iing vdi
yeu eiu cila thi chl kinh te thj trudng: khdng
liy chinh quyln thay thi thj trudng ma bien y
chi cua Dang va Nha nudc thanh phap luat,
phap quy, hanh vi quy pham yeu cau cac
doanh nghiep van hda tuan thu, duy tri trat tu
cua thi trudng van hda, tao mdi trudng canh
tranh cong bang, xuc tien va thiic day sir
trudng thanh va phat trien eua thj tnrdng van
hoa, dinh ra cac tieu ehuan san pham van h6a
va djch vu van hoa, thuc thi giam sat chat
lupng, trung tri nhiing boat dong kinh doanh
van hda dpe hai tren co sd luat phap da ban
hanh. Bang each kiem soat d tam vi mo, Nha
nudc CO nhung ehinh saeh, dieu chinh hpp ly
dl kinh doanh van hoa boat dpng trong quy
dao CO lpi eho phat trien van hoa tien tien.
<i>Thu hai, ehii trpng ^iHp dd su nghiep van </i>
h6a cdng ich. San xuat van hoa co the chia
thanh hai loai: san xuat van hoa kinh doanh va
san xuat van hoa eong ich. Cac loai hinh nghe
thuat bae cao nhu van hpe, nhac giao hudng,
vii ba-le, ca kjch..., hay nhihig thiet ehe van
hoa mang tinh cong ich nhu thu vien eong
<i>Thu ba, tich cue dao tao ehu the van hoa vi </i>
mo CO uu the canh tranh. Trong bdi eanh phat
trien kinh te thi trudng va toan eau hda kinh
te, de giti dupc tinh tien tien cua van hda xa
hdi ehu nghia, yeu to quyet djnh nam d viec
djnh hirdng hanh vi cua ngudi san xuat van
hda, d chu the thj tnrdng phat trien van hda
tien tien cd kha nang va stic manh canh tranh.
Vl vay, phai ehu y den co sd vi mo phat trien
van hoa vl day la nhung co sd c6 kha nang
hien thuc hda siic manh canh tranh thuc sir. Cu
the, nhirng linh vue quan trpng lien quan den
he tu tudng va chii quyen van hoa quoc gia, an
Nghien ctiu - Trao doi <b>T p p c h i C ^ n g s d n </b>
toan van hoa quoc gia nhu bao chi, xuat ban,
<i>dai phat thanh, dai truyen binh... ve ca ban </i>
phai do Nha nudc dieu hanh. Doi vdi cac ITnh
vue san xuat va djch vu van hda thong thudng
khac, cd the ap dung hinh thue doanh nghiep
van hda da dang, binh thanh chii the dau tu da
nguyen, xay dung eae cdng ty da quoc gia cd
siic eanh tranh ngay cang Idn. Vi vay, tieh cue
thiic day qua trinh tap doan hda cac thuc thi
van hoa de hinh thanh mpt loat tap doan
doanh nghiep van h6a eo thue luc hung hau la
mdt nhiem vu cap bach.
<i>3 - Md ciia di ddi vdi bdo ve vd phdt trien </i>
<i>vdn hda </i>
Toan eau hda kinh te ddi hdi cac qudc gia
phai md eua vdi the gidi ben ngoai vi ddng
cira ddng nghia vdi tu hiiy diet minh. Viec md
ctia toan dien ve kinh tl tit nhien se keo theo
su md eiia ve van hda. Sir tiln bp nhanh chong
eiia khoa hpc - ky thuat hien dai da lam cho
qua trinh truyen ba va giao luu van boa diln
ra nhanh hon, rpng rai hon tren pham vi toan
the gidi.
Vl vay, khep kin van hda khdng nhihig khd
long ton tai ma cdn triet tieu co hpi phat triln.
Bdi vay, thong qua giao luu van hoa rdng rai
de thu hiit tinh hoa ctia van hda thi gidi, tang
van hda ay, khdng phai khdng cd nhiing san
pham nguy van hda, phuang hai den nhan
each eua con ngudi. Vi the, phai hinh thanh
nhiing ke sach bao ve su trong lanh eua sinh
thai van hda dan tdc.
Phai thay rang trong su giao luu eua cac
nen van hda khac nhau, van hda dan tdc phai
nhanh chdng trd thanh thuc lire kinh te dii
manh de ehu ddng trong viee tiep nap eae
nguon dirdng chat van hda tir ben ngoai.
Trong mdi tnrdng van hda qudc te rdng md,
Tat nhien, toan cau hda khdng cd nghia la
khuon the gidi vao mdt rad hinh van hda duy
nhat. Qua trinh truyin ba, giao luu van hda se
lam cho cac dan tdc xich lai gin nhau hem,
tinh nhan loai dtrpc ehii y hon, nhung phat
trien van hoa khdng thi lam mit di truyin