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<b>78 </b>

<b>NGHIEN COU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°3 {1141.2010 </b>

nhu hien nay thi den nam 2020 se cd khoang

5-10% sd loai tren the gidi bi tieu diet va sd

loai bj tieu diet tang Ien 25%) vao giira the ki

XXl'.

Viec dua rac thai cdng nghiep d cac

nudc phat trien sang cac nudc khac la hanh

vi vi pham phap luat ve bao ve mdi trudng.

Theo bao cao ciia Td chiic Mdi trudng xanh

the gidi, thdi gian gan day chau A trd thanh

noi chira chat thai ddc hai ciia phuong Tay

thay cho chau Phi, Trung MT va My Latinh,

do cac khu vyc nay ddng cira vdi chat thai

dpc hai. Vi du, vao nhiing nam 90 cita the ki

XX, cac nudc Canada, Dire, Anh da chd tren

54 tan chat thai ddc hai den chau A. Hay tir

nam 1990 trd lai day, mdt sd nudc giau nhu

My, Canada, Anh, Dirc, Uc. da xuat sang

cac nudc ngheo mdt lupng rac thai khdng Id

khoang 4 trieu tan/nam . Rac thai sinh boat,

ac quy phe thai, nhdm, calimum, nhya, chat

thai y te va hat nhan tir MT, chau Au va Nhat

Ban dugc dua tdi vdi muc dich tai sir dyng.

Nhieu khi, viec dua rac thai cdng nghiep tir

cac nudc phat trien sang cac nudc khac lai

dugc chinh chinh phu ciia nhiing nudc dd bat

den xanh. Do sy phan ddi trong cdng chiing

va chinh phii cac nudc chau A, viec budn

ban chat thai da dugc ngan chan d miic do

nhat djnh, nhung chat thai dpc hai van tran

vao chau A, gay anh hudng xau den moi

trudng d khu vyc nay.

Tir nam 1967, nudc My da ban hanh

mpt hinh phat rat nang ve viec xir ly chat thai

<i>' Nguyen Van Ngirng; Mot so vdn de ve bdo ve moi </i>
<i>truang v&i phdt trien kinh te a nu&c ta hien nay, NXB </i>
Chinh trj qu6c gia ,2004, tr.l04.

<i>^ Nguyen Tran Que. Nhung vdn de todn cdu ngdy nay, </i>
NXB Khoa hpe xa hpi, 1999, tr. 150.

khdng diing quy djnh. CJ dd, mudn xir ly mpt

tdn rac thai phai tdn it nhat 276 ddia, nhimg

dem ra nudc ngoai thi chi mat ven ven 36

ddia. Vi vay, trong nhirng nam cudi the ki

XX, Bic Kinh va nhieu noi khac ciia Trung

Quoc... da nhan dugc nhieu kien hang vd

chil ma trong chiia toan rac tir My giri den.

Viec nay lam mdi noi tdn that it nhat hon 10

van dola''.

Trudc sy phat trien manh me cua cdng

nghiep va ddi sdng ciia cac qudc gia ngay

cang nang cao, lugng rac thai tren the gidi

ngay cang gia tang. Tuy nudc My chi chiem

5%) dan sd the gidi, nhimg hon 25%) lugng

chat thai the gidi la tir My ma ra . Mdi nam

My xuat sang nudc khac ban 2 trieu tan chat

thai bao gdm ca nhirng phe thai cd chiia

nhieu ddc td nguy hiem. Hanh vi nay thyc te

da day sy d nhiem mdi trudng tir My sang

cac nudc khac.

Mdi trudng ndi chung va trai dat ciia

chiing ta la mdt chinh the thdng nhat, mgi

sinh vat tren trai dat deu cd quan he mat thilt

vdi nhau trong qua trinh tdn tai va phat trien.

Moi trudng noi nay bj anh hudng, bj tac

ddng xau do cac hanh vi vi pham phap luat

gay ra se anh hudng tdi mdi trudng d khu

vyc khac va cac nudc khac. Vi thi, nhung vi

pham phap luat ve bao ve mdi trudng tren

the gidi trong bdi canh toan cdu hoa se lien

quan va anh hudng tryc tilp din viec bao ve

mdi trudng nudc ta.

Dieu cd the de dang nhan thdy dd la vdn

de d nhiem ngudn nudc d cac con sdng chay

qua nhilu qudc gia khac nhau. Viet Nam cd

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<i><b>fUpt iA'od'n ite.. </b></i>

<b>79 </b>

nhieu con sdng bat ngudn tir nudc ngoai

chay vao ndi dja. Van de phirc tap la d cho,
chitng ta khdng dugc toan quyen sir dyng va
khai thac tai nguyen tren cac con sdng,

nhung phai ganh chju tinh trang d nhiem mdi
trudng tir cac nudc thugng ngudn bdi vi
nudc ta nam d ha lim cac con sdng dd. Vi
vay. viec bao ve mdi trudng sdng cho nhan
loai la nhiem vu khdng phai ciia rieng qudc

gia nao ma la nhiem vu chung ciia nhan loai,
mpi qudc gia deu phai cd trach nhiem bao
ve.

Xac djnh rd mdi trudng cd vai trd to
Idn, quyet djnh ddi vdi sy song cdn ciia ca
nhan loai, ngay tir nhiing nam 60, 70 ciia the

ki XX, van de bao ve mdi trudng da dugc
nhieu nudc tren the gidi dac biet quan tam.
Da CO nhieu hdi nghj thupng dinh toan the
gidi ve bao ve mdi trudng dugc td chiic tai
nhieu qudc gia nhu Thuy Dien (1972),
Braxin (1992), New York (1997)... Dac biet,
he thong phap luat qudc te ve bao ve mdi
trudng ra ddi la sy the hien rd net nhat y chi
va nguyen vgng ciia mpi quoc gia trong viec

giir gin mdi trudng chung cho nhan loai.

Mac dil ca cdng ddng qudc te bao gdm
nhieu qudc gia d tat ca cac chau lyc deu cd
tieng noi va hanh ddng tren thyc te de bao ve

va giir gin cho mdi trudng sdng trong sach,
song thyc trang tinh hinh vi pham phap luat

ve bao ve mdi trudng tren the gidi trong may
thap ki vira qua da lam cho tinh trang mdi

trudng ngay cang xau di. Day la van de bao
dpng chung cho ca nhan loai. Da den Iiic mpi

quoc gia cdn phai y thiic sau sac la sy phat
trien bin viing ludn cd mdi quan he rang

buoc vdi phat trien kinh te xa hdi, vdi sinh
thai cdng ddng. Neu mdi qudc gia chi tap

trung bao ve cac ngudn tai nguyen thien

nhien trong dd cd da dang sinh bpc ma
khdng quan tam mdt each dung mirc den
viec giii gin mdi trudng chung ciia ca cdng
ddng ciing se khdng giai quyet dugc nan ddi
ngheo va khdng the bao ve mdi trudng d
nudc minh mdt each ben virng dugc.

Hgp tac qudc te trong bao ve mdi
trudng phai dugc the hien dudi nhieu hinh
thiic da dang, phong phii mdi dam bao dat
dugc hieu qua cao. Cac nudc phai ciing nhau
cam ket ky cac hiep dinh ve khai thac va sir
dung hgp ly cac ngudn tai nguyen, cd nghTa

vu va trach nhiem trong viec bao ve moi

trudng, khdng gay d nhiem cho nhau.

Ngoai viec thdng nhat phdi hgp hanh
dpng, cac nudc can tang cudng vai trd ciia he
thdng phap luat trong bao ve mdi trudng.

Luat qudc te ve bao ve mdi trudng cd tac
dung to Idn trong viec ngan chan cac hanh vi
vi pham phap luat ve bao ve mdi trudng,
nhung khdng hoan toan cham dirt dugc sy vi
pham trong thyc tl. Do vay, dl luat ban hanh
cd hieu lyc, mgi qudc gia can quan tam tdi
viec giao dye phap luat, lam cho mgi ngudi
dan hieu va lam theo luat, ddng thdi phai co
hinh thiic xir ly nghiem minh ddi vdi cac

hanh vi vi pham phap luat ve bao ve moi
trudng, phai cd sy phdi hgp hanh ddng giiia
cac CO quan bao ve phap luat d cac quoc gia.

<b>Tai lieu tham khao </b>

<i>1. Vien Nghien ciiu Dy bao chien luge </i>

<i>Khoa hgc va Cdng nghe, Gidi, mdi truang vd </i>

<i>phdt trien a Viet Nam. NXB Chinh tri quoc </i>

gia. Ha Noi, 1995.

<i>2. Hoang Hung, Con nguai vd moi </i>

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