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<b>MAY NET VE CHINH SACH KINH TE, XA HOI CUA </b>

<i><b>MY VA CHINH QUYEN SAI CON 6 DAK LAK </b></i>

<b>TRU'dC NGAY GIAI PHONG </b>

<i><b><•"</b><b> : . - il:- i </b></i>

<b>NGUYfiN DUY THUY* </b>

N

e'u nhQ Tay Nguyen la mdt dia ban
chien iQde quan trpng ddi vdi Ddng
DQdng thi Dak Lak la cao nguyen rdng ldn
nhd't n i m d trung tdm Tay Nguyen ed vi trf
chien iQdc dac biet quan trpng, dQdc menh
danh id "Thii phii cua cao nguyen Trung
phin". Dak Lak dQdc cac nha quan sy xem
la xQdng sd'ng. Id ndc nha eiia ba nQde Ddng
DUdng vd cho r i n g ai chiem dupe Dak Ldk
thi ngudi dd thyc sy lam chu dUde chien
trudng Tay Nguyen ndi rieng vd Ddng
DUdng ndi chung. Chinh vi vay ngay sau
khi xam chiem Viet Nam, thyc dan Phap
vd de qudc My da xay dyng tai Dak Ldk bd
may cai tri, kim kep d i u nao cua cao
nguyen Trung phan de nam vung dat nay
va ddi phd vdi phong trao each mang ciia
nhdn dan Tay Nguyen ndi rieng, ddng bdo
mien Nam ndi chung.

Dak Lak la vung da't ed nhieu the manh
de phdt trien kinh te, n h a t Id kinh te ndng

- lam nghiep, nhQng vdi mQu dd ehfnh tri
va quan sy cua thyc dan Phap va de qud'e
My nhQng tiem nang eiia dia phQdng
khdng dQdc phdt huy. Rudng dd't hi bd
hoang hoac bien thanh can cQ quan sy, eae

cd sd cdng nghiep, tieu thu cdng nghiep
khdng dang ke. Tinh trang dd da khie'n cho
Dak Lak hi lac hau ve kinh te, cung nhQ
van hda, xa hpi so vdi cac tinh mien xudi.

1. C h i n h s a c h k i n h t e

<i>Kinh te b vung Tay Nguyen ndi chung </i>
va cl Dak Lak ndi rieng chu ye'u la kinh te
ndng, lam nghiep. San xua't ndng nghiep tQ
lau ddi da trd thanh nganh kinh te ehfnh
trong ddi song ciia cac tpc ngQdi cl Dak Lak.
NhQng qua trinh hinh thanh nen ndng
nghiep cang trcl nen ro ret hdn tU nhQng
the ky d i u ciia Cdng nguyen. Trong san
xua't ndng nghiep, lam ray chiem vi tri
<i>trpng yeu. Chan nudi b day khdng dQdc chu </i>
trpng va phat trien n h u vung ddng bang
ven bien Trung Bp hodc mien nui phia Bae.
Cd le do dieu kien ty nhien vdi sd lU(?ng va
chiing loai ddng vdt nhieu, phong phu co
san ma thien nhien Uu dai lam cho cU dan
cl day khdng cd khai niem chan nudi de
danh.

Cho de'n cudi the ky XIX, trUdc khi co sU
xam chiem eiia thyc dan Phap, h l u bet dai
bp phan dan cU ddng bao eae dan tpc thieu

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<i>HTaY n « v^ chinh 56ch hinh t^. xa h6i... </i> <b>37 </b>

sd, sdng b i n g nghe ndng nUdng riy, san b i t
va hai ludm, le thupc vao ty nhien.

Sau khi dat dudc ach thd'ng tri, boat
<i>dpng chu yeu ciia thyc dan Phap b Dak Lak </i>
la ra sQc hoc lot kinh te, khai thac tdi
nguyen. Tu ban P h a p da chie'm doat bdng
ngan bee ta dd't. Dieu dd lam eho ngUdi
ndng dan Dak Lak nhanh chdng hi b i n
cung hda. NhQng manh dat mau md eiia hp
hi tQdc doat. Hp phai k6o tdi ndi hoang vu
khac de sinh sd'ng hoac phai bien t h a n h
"cu ly" lam t h u e eho Phdp.

Sau khi Hiep dinh Gidnevd dQdc ky ket,
My da nhanh chdng thay chan Phdp, trd
thanh ke thd'ng tri mdi vd trye tie'p d mien
Nam Viet Nam. Ngay sau khi len elm
quyen, thang 3 - 1955, Ngd Dinh Diem da
yeu elu Qud'e trQdng Bao Dai ra Dao dy so
<i>22 buy bd ed che Hoang trieu cUOng thd. </i>
dQa vung cao nguyen vao sQ quan 1^ trye
tie'p cua ehfnh quyen s a i Gdn. - , .•

' Cung nhQ thyc dan Phap trQdc dd, My
vd ehfnh quyen Sai Gdn coi Dak Lak khdng
ehi quan trpng ve quan sy, ehfnh tri ma cdn
la mpt dia ban chien iQcfc cd gia tri Idn ve
kinh te. Vi vay, cung vdi viec thanh trQng
cac phe phdi ddi ldp, xay dyng Dak Lak
-Tay Nguyen thanh cdn cQ quan sy cd ddng.
My va ehfnh quyen Sai Gdn ra sQc tien
hanh khai thdc tiem nang kinh te' de phuc
vu eho am mQu xam chiem Idu ddi mien
Nam Viet Nam.

Tuy vay, do chien tranh va vdi muc dfeb
phye vu nhu c i u quan sU, cho nen mac du
dien tfch ldn, dat dai mau md, khi hau dn
hda thudn ldi eho san xuat ndng nghiep
<i>nhung p h i n ldn dien tfch b Dak Lak v i n bi </i>
bd hoang, mdt so khac dU(?c dung vao mye
dfeb quan sy. D l t san xua't p h i n nhieu la
da't ddi, cay trdng chii yeu la lua rly. Td'ng
di^n tfch da't san x u l t ndng nghiep trUde

giai phdng cua loan tinh Dak Lak la 45.000

had).

Phat huy the manh cua dieu kien ty
nhien va de nhanh chdng thu ldi ldn, trUde
bet My va ehi'nh quyen Sdi Gdn tap trung

<i>phat trien ede linh vUc ndng - ldm nghiep </i>
ma d Dak Ldk chung gpi Id "Chinh sdch
khai thac mien sdn eude". Ngdy 22-2-1957,
ehfnh quyen Sdi Gdn td chQc Hdi chd trien
lam kinh te ve cao nguyen tai Budn Ma
Thupt de cd ddng eho viec khai thdc tiem
ndng dd't dai, ndng, lam thd san, khodng
san, chim thu vd ede tdi nguyen thien
nhien khde, bien "Cao nguyen thdnh mien
dan cQ tru mat, trung tam ky nghe vd cdng
nghiep". Dfeb than Ngd Dinh Diem da len
dy le khai mac vd da tuyen bd' trong bai
dien van khai mac hdi chd: "Khuyen khfch
ddng bao mien ddng b i n g len dinh cQ tai
Cao nguyen hien cd da't nhieu, ngQdi it" (2).
VQa ngay sau khi dpc bai dien van, Ngd
Dinh Diem bi am sdt byt (3).

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<b>28 </b> <i><b>Rghien eiiru Ljch sit. s61.2010 </b></i>

che bien cung nhQ xud't khau san pham, chQa
sinh ldi ddng ke (4).

Nam 1957, ehfnh quyen Ngd Dinh Diem
thyc hien ehfnh sach ddn dan, di dan tQ
ddng b i n g len ldp cac "dinh dien" de khai
thdc, cung ed'p ngudn lUdng thyc, thyc
pham tai chd eho ehfnh quyen va quan dpi
dia phUdng. Ngoai mye dich ehfnh tri,
ehfnh sdch ndy edn ed mue dfeh kinh te Id

bien d i n cdc dinh dien trd thdnh nhQng
ddn dien cao su, cd phe, che, trau de chie'm
dd't dai vd bdc lot nhan cdng; ddng thdi de
canh tranh, ban che sy ddc quyen cua cac
cdng ty ddn didn Phap. Ndm 1958, Ngd
Dinh Diem ky sic lenh thanh lap "Qud'e gia
ndng tin cuoc", md "Quy khuyech trQdng
trdng tia cao su" de thu hut vd'n cho phdt
trien ndng nghiep ndi chung, cao su ndi
rieng. Thdng qua tdi trd eho ke hoach dinh
dien, cac nhd tQ ban My cung da khdng bd
13 thdi cd tien hdnh canh tranh. TQ ndm
1957, cdng ty ndng nghiep My da dau tQ 10
trieu dd la eho ke hoach dinh dien eiia Ngd
Dinh Diem va den nam 1958 cdng ty nay
da trQc tiep n i m dQdc quyen quan ly, dieu
hdnh viec trdng cao su d vung Budn Ma
Thupt - Dak Ldk (5).

Cung vdi viec buy bd che dp "Hoang
trieu CQdng thd'", thyc hien ehfnh sdch ddng
hda, dQa hdng chuc nghin ngQdi tQ mien
xudi len Tay Nguyen lam an sinh sd'ng, buy
bd tda dn phong tuc, khdng cdng nhdn
quyen sd hQu da't dai eiia ddng bdo ede dan
tdc thieu sd'..., ngdy 12-12-1958, ehfnh
quyen Ngd Dinh Diem ban hdnh Nghi dinh
sd 513a/DT/CCDD quyet dinh viec chuyen
nhQdng ddi ehdc, mua bdn rudng dd't giQa
ddng bdo dan tdc thieu sd'va ddng bdo Kinh

phai dQdc sy chd'p thuan ciia tdng thd'ng.
Quy dinh ndy thyc chd't la hdp phap hda
viec chiem dd't dai eiia ddng bdo cac dan toe
d Tay Nguyen ndi chung va Dak Lak ndi

rieng, chuan bi cho viec xay dyng cac ddn
dien cay cdng nghiep cua gia dinh hp Ngd
<i>va quan chQc chinh quyen Sai Gdn b khu </i>
<i>vyc nay. Y dd cUdp doat rupng dat ciia </i>
chinh quyen Ngd Dinh Diem cung dudc the
hien t r l n g trdn trong cdng van sd'981/BTC
<i>ngay 28-5-1959 cua Bo Tai chinh giii Bp </i>
Dien dia, cdng van neu ro: "Ddng bao
ThUdng khdng cd quyen scl hQu chii, ma chi
cd quyen hudng dung da't dai rudng vUdn
ciia hp ma thdi nen nhQng van doan ty mai
deu vd hieu" (6). Chinh sach nay lam eho
<i>ngQdi dan tai cho b Tay Nguyen, nha't la </i>
nhQng ngQdi cd chQc sac va tri thQc ra't bat
<i>binh. Cai gpi la "cdi cdch dien dia" hay </i>

<i>"kie'n dien cho dong bdo ThUdng" ehi la cai </i>

vo bpc, tao ed eho ehfnh quyen Sai Gdn
cQdp di hang van, hang chye van bee ta dd't
canh tac mau md ciia ddng bao de lap khu
dinh dien, khu tru mat va lap ddn dien,
trang trai rieng, day ngUdi ThQdng ra khoi
manh dat chdn rau cat rdh cua minh. Day
chinh la mpt trong nhQng nguyen nhan

d i n de'n phong trao BAJARAKA chd'ng ddi
ehfnh quyen Ngd Dinh Diem ndm 1958.

Bang nhieu bien phap kinh te, chinh tri,
quan sy, den 1960 cl Dak Lak da cd them
60 ddn dien trdng va che bie'n ca phe, che,
cao su vd nhieu ed sd khai thac go, thu mua
lam thd san.

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Q^ay net ve chinh sach kinh te. xa hoi... ₃₉

033/67 "Quy che dac biet cho ddng bao
thieu sd" va sic luat sd 034/67 "Cdng cude
kien dien eho ddng bao ThUdng" gpi t i t Id

<i>Chuang trinh kie'n dien Thuang. ChUdng </i>

trinh ndy gdm 3 p h i n : Thiet lap khu vyc
sinh sd'ng chinh tai mdi budn a'p ThUdng;
Kien dien dd't ddng bdo ThUdng; Quan thii
dd't ddng bdo ThUdng (7). NhQng Sde luat
ndy vQa mang tfnh cha't mi dan d eho cdng
nhan quyen sd hQu da't dai eiia ddng bdo
cdc dan tdc, thdnh lap ed quan nghien cQu
vd phdt trien ndng nghiep, tdi trd cho cdc
chQdng trinh giup ddng bdo cai tien ky
thuat canh tac, chan nudi, thQdng mai; mat
khdc qua viec quy dinh cdc quyen sd hQu,
chiem hQu iQ nhdn, eho mdi gia dinh tdi da
la 10 mdu ddi vdi dd't dinh canh vd khdng

gidi ban ddi vdi dd't luan canh. My vd ehfnh
quyen Sai Gdn mud'n kiem sodt chat che
hdn nQa cdc budn Idng, thyc hien dm mQu
thd'ng tri Tay Nguyen lau ddi.

De tdng cQdng viec quan ly van de dd't
dai va dan tpc d Tay Nguyen, ngdy
15-12-1967, ehfnh quyen Sdi Gdn ban hdnh Sac
lenh sd 33/SL/PTST thdnh lap Bd phat
trie'n Sle tpc. Bd nay tdn tai cho den ngdy
mien Nam hoan todn giai phdng.

Ben canh cdi gpi la "Cdng cude kien dien
eho ddng bdo ThQdng", My vd chinh quyen
<i>Sdi Gdn cdn "Thie't lap khu viic sinh sd'ng </i>

<i>chinh" eho cac dan tdc d Tay Nguyen vd </i>

Dak Lak. Sic lenh sd 138-SL/Th.T/PC2
ngdy 9 - 11 - 1970 quy dinh cho cdc budn
<i>Idng b Dak Ldk, ngoai phan thd cQ vd </i>
rudng r l y hien canh tac, mdi budn Idng cdn
dQdc them mdt dien tfch nhd't dinh tuy theo
sd' hd trong budn gpi la "cdng san qud'e gia".
Dd't nay dQdc nhin nhan nhQ mdt loai dd't
cdng eiia budn Idng, nhQng do nhd nQde ed'p
phdt, dQdc chia ddu cho mdi gia dinh ft
nhd't Id 10 m l u neu Id dd't dinh canh vd 20
m l u neu Id dd't luan canh (8). Cdi gpi la

"Thiet lap khu vuc sinh sd'ng ehfnh" nay
npi dung vd thUe chd't cung nam trong
ehfnh sdch rudng da't ciia My - nguy ddi vdi
vung Tdy Nguyen ndi chung. Dak Lak ndi
rieng tien tdi thanh lap nhQng trai tap
trung trd hinh.

Cung vdi viec chiem doat rupng dd't de
md rdng cac ddn dien, ehfnh quyen Sdi Gdn
thyc hien chinh sdch ddn dan lap dp chien
iQdc, nhieu budn Idng d cdc vung chien sy,
vung bi kim kep bude phai ddn ve tap trung
quanh cdc khu vyc qudn sy, cdc trung tam
hdnh ehfnh, ede true Id giao thdng. Chinh
sdch ddn dan nay khdng chi bupe ddng bdo
Tay Nguyen phai thay ddi mdi sinh, ma cdn
bi mat het rudng dd't, phai di lam nhQng
nQdng r l y nhd be chen chuc quanh khu vyc
a'p, ddi sd'ng ddi khd va thieu thd'n.

<i>Ve kinh te cdng. thUang nghiep. Trong </i>

thdi ky 1954-1975, d Dak Lak cung nhQ cdc
tinh khdc d vung Tdy Nguyen, nen kinh te
mang nang tfnh chd't san xuat ty nhien, ty
<i>cung ty ed'p. Tuy vay, b trung tam tinh Id </i>
thi xa Budn Ma Thupt vd mdt sd' thi Iran
dd cd mdt sd' cd sd kinh te cdng nghiep va
thu cdng nghiep vdi quy md nhd.

Chfnh quyen Sdi Gdn da ehu y md mang
nhieu dQdng sa, dQa vao day nhieu hdng
<i>hda, xdy dyng thi xa, cdc thi tran, thi tQ b </i>
vung ddng bdo dan tdc thieu so' trQdc Id de
phue vu muc dfeb quan sy, sau nQa la de
trQng ra nhQng "tii kfnh" ve van minh vd
sy gidu sang ciia My nham thu hut sy chu
y cua ddng bdo ede dan tdc.

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<b>40 </b> Rghien euu Lich sJr. s6' 1.2010

da, xay xat gao, hoa mdu, mdt vdi rap chieu
bdng vdi trang thiet hi ngheo ndn. Ngodi ra
cdn cd mpt vdi ed sd che bien iQdng thyc
thyc pham, san xud't dd gd, xudng ed khi,
may mac chii yeu phye vy eho nhu e l u eiia
nhan dan dia phQdng. NhQng boat ddng
san xud't va dich vy dd cung gdp p h i n
thue day san xud't vd giao iQu kinh te d
mpt mQc dp n h a t dinh.

TQ 1965 trd di khi My tien hdnh chien
<i>iQde Chien tranh cue bd, sd' iQdng quan </i>
vien chinh va chQ h l u tang nhanh d tren
toan mien Nam, Dak Ldk cung nhQ nhieu
tinh khdc d mien Nam trd thdnh mdt thi
trQdng ldn tieu thy hang hda ciia My, cdc
boat ddng budn bdn trd nen sdi ddng hdn.
So vdi thdi ky thupc Phdp thi boat ddng
<i>thQdng mai - dich vu b Dak Lak thdi ky </i>

ndy ed phdt trien hdn. Chd Budn Ma
<i>Thupt b trung tam tinh dQdc ciing cd', md </i>
rdng vdi nhieu mat hdng khd phong phu.
Quanh cdc dQdng phd'chinh, cac cQa tiem,
ede hieu budn mpc len ngdy cang nhieu,
khdng khf mua bdn khd nhdn nhip. Cdc
mat hang ehu yeu Id vai vde, dung cy sinh
boat gia dinh, dien may, giay dep, thud'c
Blc, thud'c Tdy, vdng bae da quy... Do bi
canh tranh vd khdng ed kha ndng lam cdc
dai ly ldn nen cdc hp kinh doanh ca the
chu yeu lam trung gian thu ldi chenh lech
gia. Cdc loai ndng san nhQ ca phe, dieu,
cao su, bap, ddu... san xua't ra co nhu c i u
xud't khdi dia phQdng ngdy cdng tang.
Trong khi dd, n h u c i u ve nhQng mat hdng
can thiet cho cude sd'ng hang ngdy cua
ddng bdo nhQ gao, bdt mi, dQdng, sQa,
nQde m i m , xang d i u , xi mdng, phdn bdn...
cung gia tang, ddi hdi phai nhap tQ ben
ngodi vdo. Tuy nhien cac boat dpng
thQdng mai va dich vy dd chi d i l n ra
tQdng ddi s I m ud't 6 trung tam tinh vd

mdt so' thi tra'n, trong khi dd cl cdc budn
lang ndi chung tinh h i n h r a t lac hau.

Cac chinh sach ve kinh te ciia thyc dan
Phap va ciia Ml da kim ham sQ phat trien
cua ede dan tpc thieu so', lam cho ddi sdng

eiia ede tang ldp n h a n dan lao dpng ngay
cang trd nen dieu dQng. Tuy vay, cdc
chinh sdch nay cung gdp phan day nhanh
qua trinh p h a n hda trong cd ed'u kinh te
vd xa hdi eiia eae dan tdc thieu so' cl Dak
Lak. Do quan he tien te va giao lUu giQa
cdc vung dUde md rpng nen mdt sd trung
tam budn ban, chd bua cl eae thi xa, thi
tra'n cung dan dan hinh t h a n h . Tang Idp
tieu thUdng, tieu ehu xua't hien ngdy mdt
ddng. Trong cac vung ndng thdn, pham vi
trao ddi vat la'y vat, hang la'y hang nhu
thdi ky dau can dai ve trUde bi thu hep
dan. Nhu vay, sy tham n h a p - mac du cdn
hi nhieu ban che ciia cac quan he san xua't
mdi mang yeu td'tu ban chu nghia da tQng
bQdc thu hep nen kinh te ty cung ty ed'p,
<i>cd tinh chat cdng xa khep kin b vung cac </i>
dan tdc thieu so', gdp p h a n lam suy ye'u
che dp phong kien, mac du toan bp che dp
dd chUa bi pha buy. Ddng thdi vdi qua
trinh tan ra cua cac yeu to' kinh te ty
nhien la sy nay sinh (mac du cdn ra't ye'u
dt) ciia cdc quan he tien tU ban chii nghla
<i>vd tu ban ehu nghia b khu vyc nay . </i>

2. Ve c h i n h s a c h x a h o i

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<b>ala'Y net ve chinh s6ch hinh tg. xa h6i... </b> 41

dUdc thyc hien tren cd sd Iudt tuc cua budn
lang.

De'n cudl the ky XIX do quan he, giao
luu kinh te giQa cac vung vd vdi ngudi Kinh

<i>b mien xudi len, mpt sd tu trudng, gia lang </i>

trd nen gidu manh, cd the lye, hinh thanh
mpt d i n g ca'p xa hpi cd vai trd va pham vi
anh hudng ldn, tfnh chat binh d i n g va cdng
ddng d i n d i n phai nhat. Cac thanh vien
trong cdng ddng d i n dan trd thanh ngUdi bi
le thupc, hi hoc lot, phai phye dich ede tu
trudng va gia dinh cua hp.

Trong thdi gian dau sau Hiep dinh
Gidnevd, sau khi tiep quan todn bp tinh
Dak Lak, My vd chfnh quyen Sdi Gdn ra
sQc thiet lap bp may thdng tri, ciing cd td
chQc bp may chinh quyen va quan dpi tQ
tinh den xa, budn. Luc d i u My - Diem edn
dya vdo bp mdy eu ciia Phdp, nhQng ve sau
chung tim each gat so' than Phap, dQa tay
chan than My - Diem ngQdi Kinh len n i m
giQ ede chQc vy ehu chd't cua tinh, quan.
Sau khi xda bd che dp "Hoang trieu cQdng
thd*', dQa Dak Ldk va cac tinh Tay Nguyen
vao sy quan ly ciia chinh quyen Trung
phin, chinh quyen Sai Gdn lap tda dai dien

chfnh phii tai Budn Ma Thupt (9). Cdc Nha
canh sat qude gia cao nguyen, Nha xa hpi
cao nguyen, Nha thue vy cao nguyen...
<i>cung chuyen len ddng b Budn Ma Thupt, </i>
bien ndi nay thanh trung tam chfnh tri ciia
cao nguyen (10).

Cling vdi vi§c dan ap da man nhQng
ngQdi cdng san va danh phd phong trdo
da'u tranh ciia quan chung. My va chinh
quyen Sdi Gdn cdn ra sQc thii tieu quyen ty
do dan chii. Chung ed'm mpi ngQdi khdng
dQdc ty do di lai. Mpi cude hdi hpp tQ 3
ngQdi trd len deu hi coi la khdng hdp phdp.
Gio chap, ma chay, cQdi hoi... deu phai xin
phep va hi giam sat ngat ngheo.

Di ddi vdi chinh sach dan dp phong trdo
each mang. My vd chinh quyen Sdi Gdn
cdn tim each xda bd mpi thdnh qua kinh
te, xa hpi ma each mang da dQa lai cho
nhdn dan. Chung b i t ndng dan phai tra
lai eho dia ehu td't ea rupng dd't md chfnh
quyen each mang da chia cap, la'y rudng
cdng dien bdn dd'u gid hoac phdt canh thu
td bd vdo ngan sdch xd. Thue rupng dd't
tdng gap ddi, thue dam phy tang ga'p rQdi.
Ma'y ndm d i u sau Hiep dinh Gdnevd, My
-Diem tiep tue thyc hien che dp xau thue
eu ciia thdi Phdp, b i t ddng bao di xau

thQdng trye cho cac ddn dien, b i t nop thue
than. Moi ngQdi dan mpt thdng phai di
xau tu 7 de'n 10 ngdy. Chfnh quyen Sdi
<i>Gdn ddn mQdi van ndng dan b cdc tinh </i>
ddng b i n g len xdy dyng cac khu dinh dien

<i>b Tay Nguyen (11), trong dd vdi chien dich </i>

"ThQdng du vdn", chung da dQa hdn
57.000 dan tQ ddng bang Trung Bp len lap
<i>dinh dien b Dak Ldk vdi y dinh "tdch </i>
nhQng thdnh p h i n lien quan de'n cong
san" lam "trong sach dia ban", hinh thanh
mpt lye iQdng khdng che vung Tay
Nguyen va khai thdc kinh te phye vu eho
lye iQdng quan sy tai chd ciia clying (12).

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<b>42 </b> <i><b>Rghien ciJru Lich sit. s61.2010 </b></i>

cUdp da't de xay ddn bd't, san bay, kho tdng,
bai tap, edn ndng dan 5 nhQng vung sau thi
bi dUa ve cac vung tap trung cung ma't bet
dd't dai, tdi san, lam eho tang .ldp b i n ed'
ndng tang len nhanh chdng.

Ve mat tU tudng. My vd ehfnh quyen Sai
Gdn ra sQc tuyen truyen cac ly thuyet "duy
linh, nhan vi" phan dpng vd tQ tQdng "Qud'e
gia dan tpc" gia hieu, ra sQc phdt trien tdn
giao, ddc biet Id dao Thien chua d vung

ngQdi Kinh vd dao Tin Idnh d vung ngQdi
dan tdc. Cdc tdn giao dQdc chinh quyen Sdi
Gdn triet de' ldi dung vi theo chung "Tdn
giao la bQc tQdng ngan chan hQu hieu hiem
boa Cong san". Cudl nam 1954, chung da
dQa tren mpt van ngQdi dan Thien chua
giao mien Bdc di cQ vdo Dak Ldk, lap ra cdc
khu di cQ d Hd Lan (Budn Hd), Trung Hda,
Kim Chau Phat (Krdng Pdk), Chau Sdn,
Chi Lang, Thp Thdnh, Duy Hda, Doan Ket
(Budn Ma Thupt)... de tao cd sd chinh tri xa
hdi cho che dp Diem, bd' tri lai the dan cQ,
chiem linh cac dia bdn quan trpng, cac
vung dd't dai phi nhieu d Dak Lak. Chung
dyng len nhieu nhd thd, chung vien, ed che
dp Qu tien, Qu dai ddi vdi vung Thien ehua
giao. Trong vung dan tpc it ngQdi, chung
phdt trien dao Tin lanh, xdy dyng nhd
giang, ddo tao muc sQ, t h i y giang ngQdi
dan toe thieu sd' n h i m thyc hien am mQu
dung t h i n quyen de uy hiep quan chung,
dung tdn gido de gay chia re, h l n thu trong
nhdn dan vd tap hdp lye iQdng phan ddng
each mang (13).

Di ddi vdi chinh sach chia re tdn gido, de
qud'e My va chinh quyen Sai Gdn rao riet
thyc hien chinh sdch chia de tri vd cQdng
bQc ddng hda cac dan tpc thieu sd'. Chinh
sdch dd nha't qudn tQ d i u chi cudl nhQng

tuy ddi tQdng, tuy tinh hinh md chung thyc
hien vdi nhQng thii doan va mQc dp khdc
nhau, nhd't la trudc phong trdo dd'u tranh

quyet liet ciia ddng bao cac dan tdc cl day.
De thyc hien am mQu chia re, dung dan toe
ndy khd'ng che cac dan tpc khac. My vd
chinh quyen Sdi Gdn da chia cac dan tpc
thieu sd' ra eae khdi khde nhau: Khdi cac
<i>dan tpc thieu so' b Tay Nguyen va dpc </i>
TrQdng Sdn chung gpi Id Sde dan ThQdng
mien Nam, khdi dan tpc Cham chiing gpi la
<i>Sac dan Cbdm, khdi cac dan tpc b mien Bdc </i>
di cQ vdo chung gpi la Sac dan ThQdng
<i>mien Blc vd khdi ngQdi Khmer b Nam Bp </i>
gpi la ngQdi Viet gd'c Mien.

Ddng thdi, de khdng che ddng bdo
ThQdng, ngay sau khi can thiep vdo mien
Nam, My da phai nhieu tinh bao khode do
tu si Tin Idnh hay Thien Chua giao len Dak
Ldk gay cd sd va gat dan nhQng anh hQdng
cdn lai ciia Phap. May nam sau, Idi dyng
tinh t h a n da'u t r a n h cua ddng bao cac dan
tpc chd'ng lai chinh sdch ddng boa cQdng
bQc ciia chinh quyen Ngd Dinh Diem, My
da ldi keo, mua chude mpt sd' ngQdi trong
t i n g Idp tren va tri thQc dan tpc thanh lap
td chQc chinh tri phan dpng mang mau sde
dan tdc gpi Id "ty tri My" ddi Ii khai dQdi

ede hinh thQc khdc nhau. Ddng thdi vdi viec
dyng len eae td chQc chinh tri, chung lap ra
cai gpi Id "iQc iQdng dac biet ngQdi ThQdng"
do My trye tiep trang hi, hud'n luyen va ehi
huy. DQdi sy dao dien eiia My, td chQc ndy
da ldm binh bien chd'ng lai chinh quyen Sai
Gdn, dQa ra cdc yeu sach dan tdc bude
chinh quyen phai giai quyet.

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HTay net ve chinh sach hinh te. xa hoi... <b>43 </b>

Ngd Dinh Diem giam e l m nam 1958; thu
phye nhQng nhdn vdt quan trpng trong td
chQc FULRO, keu gpi iQc iQdng Fulro trd
ve hdp tdc vdi "chinh phu qud'e gia" vd giao
cho hp giQ nhQng chQc vy quan trpng.
Chinh quyen Sai Gdn edn eho ngQdi
ThQdng dQdc ty do lya chpn dai dien de
tham gia vdo Qud'e hdi, Hdi ddng tinh vd
xa, bd nhiem ngQdi ThQdng theo kha ndng
<i>vdo cdc cbQe vu b trung Qdng va dia </i>
phQdng. Vdi chinh sdch dd, nhdm ngQdi
<i>trong tang ldp tren b day dQdc eat n h l c vdo </i>
chQc vi nhQ bp trQdng (Paul NQr, Nay
Luett...) hoac nghi si, dan bieu. Nhieu dai
hdi, hdi thao giQa nhd e l m quyen vdi dai
dien ede dan tdc d dia phQdng dQdc td chQc.
Theo dieu 2 ciia Sic luat 033/67 thi cd quan
ddc trdch ve ddng bdo thieu sd' la Bd phdt
trien Sac tpc da dQdc nang len ngang hang

ca'p Bp trong chinh phii Sdi Gdn.

Ben canh dd, chinh quyen Sdi Gdn cdn
ed mdt sd' chinh sdch, bien phdp nham hd
trd cho viec thyc hien cac chQdng trinh tren
nhQ: Chinh sdch Phat trien Sac tpc, trong
dd cd Ke hoach tQ nien cdng ddng ty ve vd
phat trien dia phQdng (1972-1975), Ke
hoach 4 nam kinh te qud'e gia (1972-1975)
cung eae dy an phdt trien van hda, giao
dye, y te, xa hdi, hua'n luyen cho ddng bdo
cdc dan tpc thieu sd'.

De ndm vd quan ly chat cdc vung ddng
bdo dan tpc thieu so'. My vd chinh quyen
Sai Gdn cdn lap ra mpt sd' td chQc vd dQa
nhQng tay chan die lye vdo n i m cdc td
chQc nay nhQ "Nha cdng tdc xa hpi mien
ThQdng" (thdi Ngd Dinh Diem), "Phu Dae
iiy ThQdng vu" (thdi Nguyen Khdnh), "Bd
phat trien Sle tdc", "Hdi ddng Sac tpc" (thdi
Nguyin Van Thieu). Trong Ha vien Sdi
Gdn chung cung lap ra uy ban Sic tdc. Ve
mat tQ phdp, cung nhQ thyc dan Phdp
trQdc day, chung lap lai ede Tda an phong

tyc ThQdng d cap tinh vd cac huyen cd ddng
bdo cdc dan tdc thieu sd.

<i>Ve gido due. theo Sle luat 033/67 "Quy </i>

che dac biet cho ddng bdo thieu sd" thi hpc
sinh, sinh vien ngQdi ThQdng dQdc hQdng
quy che rieng biet: Hpe sinh ThQdng du
tieu chuan dQdc nhap hpc, mien thi vdo cdc
trQdng, dQdc mien mpi khdln ddng gdp vd
cdn dQdc hQdng trd ca'p cua quy xd hpi hpc
dQdng. Chinh quyen Sdi Gdn cdn xay dyng
them ky tue xd tai nhQng ndi ddng hpe sinh
ThQdng, cap hpe bdng eho sd hpc sinh, sinh
vien ThUdng khdng dUdc hQdng che dp ky
tuc xd, cho phep hpe sinh ThQdng hpe tieng
me de den het bae tieu hpc kem theo
chQdng trinh qud'e ngQ.

<i>Vdn hda lai cang vd Idl sdng ciia tQ ban </i>

phQdng Tdy dQdc du nhap vd khuyen khich
ca d mien Nam vd Tay Nguyen. My vd
chinh quyen Sdi Gdn dp dung cdc chinh
sdch mua chude, IQa bip ddng bdo dan toe,
dQa hang vien trd My nhQ chan, men, quan
do, cap phdt cho ddn. Chung thyc hien
nhQng cai cdch xa hdi ed tinh cha't hinh
thQc, xda bd luat tue eiia ddng bdo nhQ cdc
luat dd't dai, luat hdn thu, tang le..., thay
vao dd la luat chung cua qud'e gia. Chung
tim mpi cdch dQa thanh nien vdo cude sd'ng
xa hoa, truy lac de ddnh lac hQdng dd'u
tranh.

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<b>44 </b> <i><b>Rghien cijru Lich sit. s61.2010 </b></i>

mQu xam chiem lau ddi mien Nam Viet ddng bdo cac dan tdc Tay Nguyen dQdi sy
Nam. Nhung td't ca cac chinh sach dd du lanh ddo cua Dang va Chii tich Hd Chi
<i>tham ddc den dau, cudl cung cung thd't bai Minh vi ty do vd nen ddc Idp cua que hUdng </i>
trUde phong trao da'u t r a n h anh dung eiia va To qudc Viet Nam.

<i><b>CHU THICH </b></i>

<i>(1). Uy ban nhan dan tinh Dak Lak. Bdo cdo </i>

<i>tdng ke't nam 1976 (Dii thao), tr. 2. </i>

<i>(2). Nguyen Phap. Nong - ldm nghiep Dak Lak </i>

<i>1975-1985. Nxb. Nong nghiep, Ha Npi, 1995, tr. </i>

7.

<i>(3). Bao Qudn doi nhdn ddn, so ra ngay 18- </i>
05-1992.

<i>(4). Hpi Klioa hpc Licli sii Viet Nam. Tgp chi </i>

<i>Xiia vdNay, s6'67B, 1999, tr.l39. </i>

<i>(5). Cong doan Cao su Viet Nam. Lich sit phong </i>

<i>trdo cong nhdn cao su, 1993, tr. 221. </i>

<i>(6). Ksor De. Chuang trinh Kie'n dien dd't ddng </i>

<i>bdo Thuang, Luan van tot nghiep Hpc vi6n Quoc </i>

gia hanh chanh, khoa 17 (1969-1972). Sai Gon,
1972, tr. 2.

<i>(7). Bp Phat trien Sde tpc. Vdn kien cdn bdn </i>

<i>dn dinh nguyen tdc vd ke hogch thi hdnh chuang </i>
<i>trinh cdi each dien dia lien quan den ddng bdo </i>

<i>Thuang, Scl cong tac Kie'n dien a'n hanh. tr. 1. </i>

<i><b>•::;~:ih i j ^ m n * ! ' </b></i>

<i>(8). Bp Phat trien SSc tpc. Thdnh qud cong tdc </i>

<i>kien dien Thuang. Sd cong tac Kie'n dien a'n hanh, </i>

<i>1974, t r . 26. . , -• (;,, ,;.,, , , ,-.^ </i>

(9). Uy ban Khoa hpc Xa hpi ViSt Nam - Tinh
<i>iiy, Uy ban nhan dan tinh Dak Lak. Vd'n de phdt </i>

<i>trien kinh te'xd hgi cdc ddn tgc thieu sdd Ddc Lac, </i>

Nxb. Khoa hpc xa hpi. Ha Npi, 1990, tr. 71.

(10). Ban cha'p hanh Dang bp tinh Dak Lak.

<i>Lich si Ddng bg tinh Dak Ldk 1954 - 1975, Nxb. </i>

Chinh tri Quoc gia, Ha Noi, 2002, tr. 16.

<i><b>(11). Bp Chi huy Quan sU tinh Dak Lak. Dak </b></i>

<i>Ldk 30 ndm chien tranh gidi phong, tap 2, Khdng </i>

<i>chien chdng My (1954 - 1975). Dak Lak, 1994, tr. </i>

29.

<i>(12). Bp Chi huy Quan sU tinh Dak Lak. Lich </i>

<i>sic Bg Chi huy qudn sU tinh Dak Ldk 1986 - 2000, </i>

Tp. Ho Chi Minh, 2003, tr. 42. ; „ ,, .

<i>(13). Lich sii Ddng bg tinh Dak Ldk 1954 </i>

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