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SLf NGHIEP VA W WONG HO CHi MINH

<b>HO c m MDIH - NHA BAO LOI LAC </b>

<b>t </b>

<b>CilA CACH MA«IG VIET NAM </b>

<b>HOA DINH NGHIA </b>

C

hit tich Hd Chi Minh - ngudi sing lap
nen bio chi cich mang Viet Nam. Vdi
hon 50 nam boat ddng sing tao khdng ngimg,
Ngudi da de lai di sin bio chi hdt siic to Idn vi
phong phu vdi nhung ndi dung thd hidn siu sac
quan didm vd cich mang, vd thdi dai, vd nhan
dan vi eic ITnh vyc ciia ddi sdng xa hdi. Di sin
dd thd hien bin ITnh cich mang tuyet vdi cua
mdt tri tud vi nhan cich Idn, mdt nhi bio cich
mang ldi lac. Dd ehinh la tu tudng Hd Chi Minh
ve bio chi cich mang.

Ttr thye tien sinh ddng eiia cich mang Viet
Nam va thd gidi, am hidu hdt sire sau sac trong
ITnh vyc bio chi, Ngudi ludn xic dinh bio chi
la mdt thir vti khi ehinh tri - xa hdi sac ben.
Chinh vi vay, trong thye tidn ehi dao cich
mang, Ngudi ludn sir dung bio ehi li cdng cy
tuydn truygn hieu qui de van ddng nhan din
tham gia sy nghidp diu tranh giai phdng dan
tdc. Vdi hon 2000 bii bio vi hon 100 but
danh, Ngudi dd lai mdt di sin bio chi cich

mang to Idn, phin inh sinh ddng thye tidn cich
mang Viet Nam, ddng thdi thd hidn rd vai trd
ciia mdt nhi bio cich mang.

* Bao tang Hd Chi Minh

1. Nguygn Ai Qudc - Hd Chi Minh den vdi
bio ehi ttr rit sdm, ttr nhung ngiy mdi den Thii
dd Pari, vira hpc tidng Phip, Ngudi vira vidt
bio. Sau do Ngudi sing lip vi vidt nhidu bii
<i>cho td bio Le Paria. Diy li thdi gian Hd Chi </i>
Minh cd didu kien dg ren luyen ky nang,
nghigp vy vi phuong phip lam bio. Nhung bai
vigt ciia Ngudi ludn thd hien mdt kidn thire
uydn bic, vdn sdng phong phii vi khi nang
nam bat thdng tin, thdi sy nhanh nhay. Van
phong ciia Hd Chi Minh ngan gpn, gian di va
trong sing giup cho ngudi dpe dd higu, himg
thii khi tigp nhan thdng tin. Khi vidt bao, Hd
Chi Minh thudng ndu cao trich nhiem xa hdi,
suy nghT siu sac vd ndi dung bii vidt, can trpng
trong y tir, ciu chir sao cho quan ehiing nhan
dan khi dpe thi dd higu. Nhung ngay diu vigt
bio, de cd bii bio tdt, Ngudi sira di sira lai
nhidu lan, luc diu vidt dii, sau sau dd viet ngan
gpn, ed dpng, nhung vin dim bio diy du ndi
dung quan trpng, can thidt. Da thanh thdi quen.
kd ci khi lam Chii tjeh nude, khi vidt xong mdt
bii bio, Hd Chi Minh thudng dpe cho nhiing
ngudi xung quanh nghe vi gdp y kidn.

Ngudi cho rang, mudn vidt dupe cho mpi
ngudi dd dpe, dd hidu trudc hdt phii hpc cich

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SU' NGHIEP VA TU' TU'6'NG H 6 CHi MINH

noi ciia quan chiing, dd khi dpe, quan chiing
chap nhin nhu nhtmg gi li ciia hp. Ddng thdi,
Ngudi phd phan nhung cin bp hay dting
nhung ttr ngir khd hidu khi vidt.

Cic bii vidt ciia Hd Chi Minh ddu bat
<i>ngudn ttr mpi van di ciia eudc sdng thudng </i>
nhat vdi nhung sy kidn, cie con sd da dugc
kidm chimg, xem xet, chpn lpc mdt cich cin
than. Nhimg bii vidt ciia Ngudi dua ra cie
thdng tin ehinh xac, mang tinh chin thue va
ed sire thuydt phuc Idn vdi mpi ddi tugng;
ngan gpn trong cich vidt, nhung ed dpng, ham
sue, rd ring, dd hidu, ed ndi dung thidt thye,
nhidu y it ldi, khdng thira ldi, thira ehii. Ngudi
ludn phd binh nhung ngudi lim bio vidt vira
dii vira rdng, vi chi rd phii vidt ngin gpn,
thidt thuc, phii ludn di thang vio vin dd,.vv...

Hd Chi Minh ludn dinh gii rit cao vai trd
ciia nhtmg ngudi lim bio trong cupc diu
tranh giii phdng din tdc. Trong li thu giri tri
thirc Nam Bd, trong dd cd cie nhi bio, ngiy
25-5-1947, Ngudi vidt: "Ngdi but ciia cie ban

Cling li nhiing vii khi sac ben trong sy nghidp
phd chinh trir ti, mi anh em van hoi vi tri
thirc phii lim ciing nhu li nhtmg chidn sT anh
dting trong cdng cupc khing chidn dd tranh lai
quydn thdng nhit vi dpe lap cho Td qudc"'.

Dil bin rat nhidu cdng vide, nhung Chu
tjeh Hd Chi Minh van dinh sy quan tam dac
biet tdi dpi ngti nhung ngudi lim bio. Thing
7-1949, trong thu giri ldp hgc bao chi Huynh
Thue Khing, ldp hpc bao ehi dau tidn ciia
nudc ta sau each mang thing Tim, Ngudi chi
rd nhiem vy, muc dich vi ngu ndi dung, cting
nhu phuong phip ciia ngudi lam bao: Nhidm
vy CLia td bao li phii tuydn truyen cd ddng.

huin luyen, giio dye va td chirc dan chiing de
dua din chiing ddn myc dich chung. Myc dich
li khang chidn vi kidn qudc. Dd di ddn khing
chidn thang lgi, kidn qudc thinh cdng thi ndi
dung tire li eic bii bio phii gian don, dd bidu,
phd thdng, thidt thye, boat bit^.

Ngudi chi bio an can dpi ngti nhung ngudi
lim bio vd kinh nghiem vidt bio, ddi tugng dd
vigt bio. Trong bii ndi chuyen tai Dai hdi in
Hgi nha bio Viet Nam ngiy 8-9-1962, Ngudi
ehi rd: "Kinh nghidm ciia tdi li the niy: Mdi
khi vidt mot bii bio thi dit cau hdi: Vidt cho ai
xem? Viet de lam gi? Vidt thg nao cho phd

thdng de hieu, ngan ggn de dgc? Khi vigt xong,
thi nhd anh em xem vi sira giiim"^.

2. Chii tich Hd Chi Minh ludn coi cdng tie tu
tudng, ly luan bao chi la mot ITnh vyc die biet
quan trgng trong dinh hudng tu tudng cho xa
hpi. Ngudi danh gii eao cdng tie tu tudng ly
luan bio ehi vdi ddi sdng chi'nh tri, kinh tg, van
hoi - xa hpi ciia dit nude, die biet li ITnh vyc
ehinh tri. Vdi y nghla dd, Hd Chi Minh ludn
day ngudi lam bio phii cd lap trudng chinh tri
vung chac, chinh tri phii lam chu, dudng ldi
ehinh tri dting thi nhiing vide khac mdi dting
dugc, cho ndn bio chi cich mang phii cd dudng
ldi chinh tri dimg vi Ngudi chi rd nhiem vu ciia
dgi ngti lam bio la quan trgng va ve vang, mudn
lam tdt nhidm vy ay thi phai cd gang hgc tip
chinh tri, nang cao tu tudng, ly luin chinh tri,
dimg viing tren lap trudng giai cap vd sin.
Ddng thdi phii nang cao trinh dp van hoi, phii
di sau vio nghiep vy dd bio chi thye sy la cdng
cu dinh hudng cho toan xa hdi.

Ngudi ludn khang dinh rang gitra bio chi
va cich mang phai cd sy thdng nhit hiru co,
bdi vi chd dp ta li chg dp din ehu, tu tudng

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<b>SU' NGHIEP VA TU' TU'ONG H O CHi MINH </b>

phii dugc ty do. Ddi vdi mdt vin dd mpi

ngudi phii biy td y kidn ciia minh tim ra chin
ly. Khi mpi ngudi da phit bidu y kien, di tim
thay chan ly, liic dd, quydn ty do dan chii hoi
ra quydn ty do phye timg chin ly. Chin ly li
cai gi ed lgi cho Td qudc, cho nhan din. Cii
<i>gi trai vdi lgi ich eua Td qudc, cua nhan din </i>
tlie khdng phii li chin ly.

Xuit phit ttr myc dich boat dgng cua ndn
bio ehi each mang la vi din vi vai trd to Idn
ciia bio ehi ddi vdi xa hdi, Hd Chi Minh nhic
nhd nhiing ngudi lim bio: Khdng bidt rd,
hidu rd, thi khdng nen vidt, khdng ndn ndi.
Khi khdng ed gi can ndi, khdng cd gi can vidt
chd ndi, chd viet ein. De bio ehi thye sy li
dign dan ciia nhan dan, Ngudi cho rang mdt td
bio khdng dugc dai da sd quin chiing ham
mudn thi khdng xung ding li mdt td bio.

Trong thdi gian 18 nam (1951-1969), Ngudi
da vidt 1.205 bii bio vdi 23 but danh khic nhau
dang trdn bio Nhan Dan. Bai diu tign dang trgn
bio Nhin din sd 1, ra ngiy 11- 3-1951 li bii
"Phong trio mua cdng trii" vdi biit danh C.B vi
bii cudi ciing dang trdn bio Nhin dan sd 5526, ra
ngiy 1-6-1969 li bai "Nang cao trach nhiem
cham sdc vi giio due thieu nien, nhi ddng" vdi
but danh T.L. Ngudi ludn dinh gii cao tam inh
hudng rdng Idn ciia bio Nhan Dan trong ddi sdng
xa hpi. Khi de cap den npi dung ciia bio, Ngudi

cho rang, cic ein bp lim bio phai can than trudc
khi in bio, phii lam cho bio tdt hon, trudc bet tir
cin bd lam bio, ndn md lai myc sinh boat Ding,
phd binh cho ro ring, ngu guong, dang anh cho
chinh xic, dich ding, nhit li khi dua tin chii y tin
thdi sy, can ddi tin qudc tg ve cac nudc anh em,
chii y dgn y kign ciia quin chiing nhan dan,...

3. Hd Chi Minh cdn li ban dpe thudng xuydn
ciia nhigu td bio. Hang ngiy, Ngudi nhan dugc

rat nhigu tii lieu, sich bio tir cic dai sir quin, td
chire qudc td, cic hang thdng tin... Hd Chi Minh
sir dimg thinh thao nhidu ngdn ngii khie nhau,
nhung tii lieu sich bio qudc td, Ngudi dpe
nguydn ban khdng thdng qua phien dich. Tuy
rang sd tii lieu sich bio dd rit nhidu, nhung
Ngudi thudng cd cich dpe ridng, nam bat nhung
van dd co bin nhit. Ngudi thudng dinh nhigu
thdi gian dg dpe bio chi trong nudc. Vi thdng
qua cie td bio niy, Ngudi nam rd hon tinh hinh
trong nude. Vide dpe bio ddi vdi Hd Chi Minh
trd thinh mdt nguygn tie cdng tic, nhu li mdt
nhu ciu ndp sdng sinh boat thudng ngiy.

Cic ddng chi da timg lim vide bdn Chit tich
Hd Chi Minh kd rang: Ngudi cd thdi quen dpe
rit nhieu cic loai sich bio, dpe rit nhanh, khi
nio cd vin dd can ehu y thi dinh diu, ghi chep
de xir ly phye vy ngay nhu cau eiia dit nude

dang dat ra hang ngiy, hing gid. Khi thay
guong ngudi tdt vide toL Ngudi dimg but bi
hoac but ehi miu dd ghi iDdn canh Id td bio dd
kip thdi thudng huy hieu. Noi nio can luu y,
Ngudi dinh diu cheo (/), van dg nio chua rd thi
dinh diu hdi (?) vi ygu ciu van phdng xic
minh rd. Doan nao ein xem ky Ngudi dinh diu
gach cheo vi diu cham phiy (/;); da xem xong
vach hai vach (//). Cd nhigu liic Ngudi sir dyng
chir Hin, Phip Anh, Nga ky hidu bdn Id. Nhung
tin bii nio quan trpng, Ngudi ghi vio eudn sd
nhd, hoac cat din lam tu lieu.... Cie ddng chi
lim van phdng giup vide cho Ngudi cir nhin vio
ky hidu dd mi thye hien.

Khi dpe, Ngudi quan tim tdi timg chi tidt
nhd, timg ldi ehinh ti nhd mi eic bio mac phii
de kip thdi sira giiip cho bio tidn bd. Cd bio viet
sai Y Lan, Ngudi sira thanh Y Lan, Ly Tir
Trpng thinh Ly Ty Trpng. Nam 1948 trdn bia
bio Lao Ddng ed in tranh khac gd ve hinh inh

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SU' NGHIEP VA TU' TU'ONG HO CHi MINH

ngudi cdng nhan khdng dat ydu cau, khi xem
Ngudi phd binh lan sau phii can than hon.

<i>Thing 8-1951, khi dpe bio Vui song, thiy </i>
tranh ve vi npi dung khdng phti hgp, Ngudi
gdp y dd bao tidn bp hon. Nam 1964 khi dpe

<i>bio Tdn Viet - Hoa, bio dich ra chii Hin bai </i>
ndi chuydn cita Ngudi tai Dai hpi Phu nir
"Nam tdt", phit hidn ed ehii bio dich sai, lay
danh nghTa mot ban dgc, Ngudi vidt thu gdp y
toa soan bio dinh chinh de tranh ban dgc cd
thd hidu nham.

4. Tham nhuan tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve
dio tao dpi ngu bio chi vi vai trd ciia bio ehi
trong sy nghidp xay dimg vi bio vd Td qudc,
dac bidt li trong sy nghidp ddi mdi hidn nay.
Ding ta ngiy eing khang dinh vai trd, phit huy
tinh tidn phong eiia bio chi. Tai Hdi nghi Trung
uong 5 khoa X vd cdng tic tu tudng, ly luin va
bio chi trudc ydu cau mdi, Dang ta da khang
dinh nhimg thanh cdng cua bio chi trong thdi
gian qua vi dua ra nhung dinh hudng cdng tic
bio chi trong thdi gian tdi: "Phan Idn bio chi
boat ddng dimg tdn ehi muc dich, phan anh kip
thdi tam tu nguydn vpng ciia nhan dan, bidu
duong phong trio thi dua ydu nude, diu tranh
phdng chdng tham nhung, lang phi, quan lidu vi
cic td nan ciia xa hpi, chdng "Didn bidn hoi
binh"... gdp phan tich eye vio thanh tiju chung
cita dat nudc". Ddng thdi, Hdi nghi ciing thang
than ehi ra nhimg khuydt didm, yeu kem,
nguygn nhan dan dgn nhtmg ban chg cua boat
ddng bio chi: "Trong boat dpng bao chi mdt sd
ydu kem, khuydt digm duge nhac nhd nhidu lan,
nhung cham khac phyc, cd maL cd luc, cd noi

cdn tram trpng hon. Mpt sd co quan bao ehi
thieu nhay ben chinh tri, chua lam tdt chirc nang
tu tudng, van hoi, cd bidu hidn xa rdi sy lanh
dao ciia Dang, sy quan ly ciia Nha nudc, xa rdi

tdn chi myc dich, thdng tin khdng trung thuc,
thidu chinh xic"^; "Dpi ngti can bg va cdng tic
dao tao, bdi dudng ein bg lam cdng tic tu
tudng, ly luan, bio chi edn nhidu ban chd, ydu
kem. Cdng tic tdng kgt thye tign, nghign cim vg
tu tudng, ly luan vi bio chi chua theo kip sy
phat tridn ciia tinh hinh"^

Dd dim bio cho dpi ngii bao chi trong giai
doan hidn nay dip img dugc ydu ciu trong thdi
ky ddi mdi, cdng nghiep boa, hidn dai hoi dat
nude, nhung ngudi lim bio can phii tu dudng
dao dire cich mang, can trau ddi vd ehinh tri, tu
tudng va nghiep vu bio ehi, ludn lay hgc tip
chinh tri lam nhidm vu hang dau dd nam virng
dudng ldi, ehu truong cita Dang vi chinh sach,
phip luat ciia Nha nudc. Vdi y nghTa bio chi
phii thye sy li cau ndi gitra Ding, Nhi nudc,
Chinh phii vdi nhan din, kip thdi phin inh mpi
mat ddi sdng xa hpi, nhiing ngudi lam bio
-nhung ngudi lam cdng tic tuydn truydn ciia
Dang vi Nhi nudc se cang phii thim nhuan
ban ntra nhung ldi can dan ciia Chii tich Hd Chi
Minh - mdt nha bio cich mang vT dai, mdt nhi
ly luan thuc tien ve trach nhidm ciia bio chi ddi

vdi xa hpi.

Nhtrng ldi day cua Ngudi ddi vdi nhtmg
ngudi lim bao, van cdn nguydn gii tri
trong cdng cupc xay dyng vi bao vd Td
quoc Viet Nam XHCN.

<i>1, 2. H6 Chi Minh Todn tap, CTQG, H, 2000, </i>
T.5,trl31

<i>2. Xem Hd Chi Minh Todn tap, CTQG, H, 2000, </i>
T.5, 625

3.5'^fl', T10,tr.6l5

<i>4, 5. Vdn kien Hoi nghi Idn thit 5 Ban chap hdnh </i>

<i>Trung uong Dang khod X, CTQG, H, 2009, tr.l30,130. </i>

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