Lecture Business and administrative communication: Chapter 7 - Kitty O. Locker, Donna S. Kienzler

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Chapter 7
Communicating
across Cultures

Copyright © 2015 McGrawHill Education. All rights reserved. No reproduction or distribution without the prior written consent of McGrawHill Education.

Culture
 Shapes values, priorities, and practices
 Modern business requires dealing with
other cultures

72

Successful Intercultural
Communicator
Aware of values, beliefs, and practices
in other cultures
 Sensitive to differences among
individuals within a culture
 Aware that one’s preferred values





Are influenced by culture
Are not always right

73

Successful Intercultural
Communicator, continued…
 Willing to ask questions
about preferences and
behaviors.
 Flexible and open to
change
 Sensitive to verbal and
nonverbal behavior

74

Importance of Global Business
Exports are essential to businesses and
the economy
 Many companies depend on vendors
who are located in other countries
 Companies adapt products and services
for local cultures
 Managers often need international
experience for top-level jobs


75

Sources of Workplace Diversity










Gender
Race and ethnicity
Regional and national origin
Social class
Religion
Age
Sexual orientation
Physical ability
76

Ways to Look at Culture:
HighContext Cultures






Infer most information from social
relationships

Convey little information explicitly
Prefer indirectness, politeness,
ambiguity
Consider oral agreements more
binding than written ones
Rely heavily on nonverbal signs

Latin
Ame
rican

Ja

e
s
e
pan

Arabic
77

Ways to Look at Culture:
LowContext Cultures
Rely little on context
 Spell out most information
 Value directness: may see indirectness
as dishonest or manipulative
 Value written word more than oral
statements



North Am
erican

an
m
r
Ge

Scandin
avian
78

Ways to Look at Culture:
Cultural Dimensions






Power/Inequality
Individualism/Collectivism
Masculinity/Femininity
Uncertainty Avoidance
Long-term/Short-term Orientation

79

Values, Beliefs, and Practices
 Often unconscious
 Affect response to people and situations
 Different cultures have different views of






Fairness
Groups
Competition
Success
Social status
710

Nonverbal Communication
 Communication without
words
 Signals such as smiles
and gestures
 May be misinterpreted as
easily as words
 Important to be
conscious of signals sent
and received

711

Nonverbal Communication Types


Body language




Touch




how much – who touches whom

Space




eye contact – facial expressions – gestures

personal space

Time


being on time – measuring time
712

Time
 Monochronic culture
 People focus on clock
 Plan their time; avoid wasting it

 Polychronic culture
 People focus on relationships
 Disregard clocks and planners

X
713

Other Nonverbal Symbols
Clothing
 Colors
 Age
 Height


714

Oral Communication
 Requires cultural understanding
 Be aware of

 Understatement and exaggeration
 Compliments
 Approaches to Negatives

715

Writing to International Audiences
Most cultures more formal than U.S.
 Avoid


First names (use titles)
 Contractions
 Slang
 Idioms
 Sports metaphors


716

Writing to International Audiences,
continued…






Write in English unless fluent in
audience’s language
Reconsider patterns of organization
Buffer negative messages; make
requests indirect
Re-think audience benefits; ones that
motivate U.S. audience may not work
Allow extra response time
717

Learning about International Business
Communication
 Beyond a set of rules
 International business
practices are constantly
evolving/changing
 Seek and talk to people from
other backgrounds
 Enhance understanding of
multiple perspectives
718

Lecture Business and administrative communication: Chapter 7 - Kitty O. Locker, Donna S. Kienzler

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