UNIT 4: CARING FOR THOSE IN NEED
QUAN TÂM ĐẾN NHỮNG NGƯỜI CẦN GIÚP ĐỠ)
A. VOCABULARY
New words
access
/ˈækses/ (v)

Meaning
tiếp cận, sử
dụng

Picture

Example
We had limited access to education
and healthcare.
Khả năng tiếp cận các dịch vụ
chăm sóc sức khỏe và giáo dục
của chúng tôi bị hạn chế.

barrier
/ˈbæriə(r)/ (n)

rào
chướng
vật

cản,
ngại

Barriers should be removed to

create an inclusive society for
all.
Nên phá bỏ các rào cản để tạo ra
một xã hội chung cho tất cả mọi
người.

blind
/blaɪnd/ (adj)

campaign
/kæmˈpeɪn/ (n)

mù,
không
nhìn thấy được

chiến dịch

He has been blind since birth.
Cậu ấy bị khiếm thị từ khi sinh ra.

These students at Le Loi School
want to join the campaign.
Những học sinh này của trường
Lê Lợi muốn tham gia chiến dịch.


charity

hội từ thiện


/ˈtʃærəti/ (n)

Local charities will send them
some Christmas gifts.
Hội từ thiện địa phương sẽ gửi
quà Giáng sinh đến họ.

cognitive
/ˈkɒɡnətɪv/ (adj)

liên quan đến
nhận thức

People
with
cognitive
impairments
cannot
learn
quickly.
Những người bị suy giảm nhận
thức không thể tiếp thu nhanh.

coordination

sự hợp tác

/kəʊˌɔːdɪˈneɪʃn/
(n)


deaf
/def/ (adj)

There's coordination between
these two organizations.
Có một sự hợp tác giữa hai tổ
chức này.

điếc,
không
nghe được

She has been partially deaf
since birth.
Cô ấy bị suy giảm một phân thính
lực từ khi sinh ra.

disability
/ˌdɪsəˈbɪləti/ (n)

sự ốm yếu, tàn
tật
We should help students with
disabilities.
Chúng ta nên giúp đỡ học sinh
khuyết tật.

discrimination


sự phân biệt

These children are facing


/dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃn/ đối xử
(n)

discrimination and poverty.

disrespectful

You shouldn't use disrespectful

Những đứa trẻ này đang đối mặt
với nạn phân biệt đối xử và
nghèo đói.

thiếu tôn trọng

/ˌdɪsrɪˈspektfl/
(n)

language to talk about disabled
people.
Bạn không nên sử dụng ngôn từ
thiếu tôn trọng khi nói về người
khuyết tật.

donate

/dəʊˈneɪt/ (v)

quyên
tặng

góp,

He decides to donate a large
amount of money to charity.
Anh ấy quyết định quyên góp một
số tiền lớn để làm từ thiện.

dumb
/dʌm/ (adj)

câm,
không
nói được

He was struck dumb by what he
had seen.
Anh ấy không thể thốt nên lời
trước cảnh tượng anh đã thấy

fracture
/ˈfræktʃə(r)/ (n)

(chỗ)
(xương)


gãy

He suffered multiple fractures in
an accident.
Anh ấy bị gãy xương ở nhiều nơi
trên cơ thể trong một vụ tai nạn.


hearing
/ˈhɪərɪŋ/ (n)

thính
nghe

giác,

It is believed that noise can be a
cause of hearing loss.
Người ta tin rằng tiếng ồn có thể
gây mất thính lực.

integrate
/ˈɪntɪɡreɪt/ (v)

hòa nhập, hội
nhập

We need to help the disabled
children
integrate

in
the
community.
Chúng ta cần giúp trẻ em khuyết
tật hòa nhập với cộng đồng

mobility
/məʊˈbɪləti/ (n)

tính lưu động,
di động

This electric wheelchair
given her greater mobility.

has

Chiếc xe lớn điện này giúp cô ấy
di chuyển thuận tiện hơn
physical

thuộc về cơ

He has coached children with

/ˈfɪzɪkl/ (adj)

thể, thể chất

physical impairments who want

to play soccer.
Anh ấy dạy những đứa trẻ muốn
chơi bóng đá nhưng bị khiếm
khuyết về thể chất.

solution

giải pháp,

/səˈluːʃn/ (n)

cách giải
quyết

There is no solution to this
serious problem.
Không có giải pháp nào cho vấn
đề nghiêm trọng này.

support

(sự) ủng hộ,

The purpose of this activity is to

/səˈpɔːt/ (n, v)

khuyến khích

raise funds to support people in

need and with disabilities.
Mục đích của hoạt động này là


gây quỹ ủng hộ những người gặp
khó khăn và những người khuyết
tật.
talent
/ˈtælənt/ (n)

tài năng
They discovered his hidden
talent when he was four years
old.
Họ đã phát hiện ra tài năng tiềm
ẩn của anh ấy khi anh ấy mới bốn
tuổi.

treat

đối xử, đối

/triːt/ (v)

đãi, điều trị
Children with disabilities should
be treated equally.
Trẻ em khuyết tật nên được đối
xử bình đẳng.


unite
/juˈnaɪt/ (v)

thống nhất,
đoàn kết

1 think that this will unite people
from different backgrounds and
strengthen our community.
Tôi nghĩ điều này sẽ đoàn kết mọi
người từ nhiều hoàn cảnh khác
nhau và củng cố cộng đồng của
chúng ta.

visual
/ˈvɪʒuəl/ (adj)

volunteer
/ˌvɒlənˈtɪə(r)/
(n, v)

(thuộc về) thị
giác, có liên
quan đến thị
giác

người
nguyện,
nguyện


tình
tình

We should help people with visual
impairments.
Chúng ta nên giúp đỡ người bị
suy giảm thị lực.

I volunteered at a special school
when I was a collect student.
Tôi đã làm tình nguyện tại một
ngôi trường đặc biệt khi tôi còn


là sinh viên
B. GRAMMAR
1. The past simple tense (Thì quá khứ đơn)
a. Cấu trúc (Form)
Affirmative (Khẳng định)
S + V (past) (+ O)
They went to the cinema last
night.

Negative (Phủ định)
S + did not/ didn't + V(bare - inf)
(+ O)
They didn't go to the cinema last
night.

Interrogative (Nghi vấn)

Did + S + V(bare-inf) (+ O)?
Did they go to the cinema last
night?

b. Cách dùng (Use)
- Diễn tả hành động đã xảy ra và kết thúc tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ (finished actions or
events)
E.g: I saw him at the airport yesterday. (Hôm qua tôi đã nhìn thấy anh ấy ở sân bay.)
My aunt sent me a letter two days ago. (Cách đây 2 ngày cô tôi đã gửi thư cho tôi.)
- Diễn tả hành động lặp đi lặp lại trong quá khứ (repeated actions)
E.g: I played soccer three times a week when I was at school. (Lúc tôi còn đi học thì tôi đã chơi bóng đá
3 lần một tuần.)
She went to Paris twice last year. (Năm ngoái cô ấy đến Pari 2 lần.)
- Diễn tả thói quen trong quá khứ (past habits)
E.g: She visited her parents every Sunday. (Vào mỗi Chủ nhật thì cô ấy đã đến thăm bố mẹ.)
We often went swimming every afternoon. (Vào mỗi buổi chiều thì chúng tôi đã thường đi bơi.)
- Diễn tả tình trạng hay tình huống trong quá khứ
E.g: Did you have a car when you were young? (Có phải bạn có ô tô khi bạn còn trẻ không?)
- Diễn tả một chuỗi hành động xảy ra liên tiếp nhau trong quá khứ (sequences of actions)
E.g: He ran to the car, jumped in and raced off into the night. (Anh ta chạy ra xe, nhảy vào trong và lao
vào màn đêm).
c. Các cụm từ thời gian (Time phrases)
Một số cụm từ thời gian được dùng trong thì quá khứ đơn: yesterday, last night/week/month/ year, etc.,
two days/ weeks/months ago, etc., in 2000, at that moment, then, suddenly, when
2. The present perfect simple tense (Thì hiện tại hoàn thành)
a. Cấu trúc (Form)
Affirmative (Khẳng định)
S + have/ has + pp (past

Negative (Phủ định)

S + have/ has + not + pp + (O)

Interrogative (Nghi van)
Have/ Has + S + pp + (O)?

She hasn't bought this house.

Has she bought this house?

participle) + (O)
She has bought this house.
b. Cách dùng (use)


- Diễn tả hành động xảy ra và hoàn thành ở một thời điểm không xác định trong quá khứ. (actions
completed at an unspecific time in the past)
E.g: She has traveled around the world. (Cô ấy đã đi du lịch khắp thế giới.)
- Diễn tả hành động đã hoàn thành rồi nhưng kết quả vẫn còn ở hiện tại (completed actions with a result
in the present)
E.g: Look! He has dyed his hair red. (Nhìn kìa! Anh ta đã nhuộm tóc thành màu đỏ.)
- Diễn tả hành động bắt đầu trong quá khứ và còn tiếp tục đến hiện tại (actions that started in the past
and have continued until now)
E.g: I have learnt/ learned English for 15 years. (Tôi đã học tiếng Anh được 15 năm rồi.)
- Diễn tả hành động xảy ra tại một thời điểm xác định trong quá khứ nhưng vào thời điểm nói hành động
đó vẫn chưa hoàn thành (actions at a specified time which are not complete at the time of speaking)
→ Cách dùng này thường gặp với trạng từ thời gian như this morning/ afternoon,...
E.g: I have read four books so far this morning.
- Diễn tả một hành động lặp lại nhiều lần cho đến thời điểm hiện tại, chúng ta thường thấy các từ đi kèm
ở cách dùng này như sau:
Several times/hours/days/weeks/months/years, etc

E.g: I have watched this film several times.
 Note:
- Sau cấu trúc so sánh hơn nhất ta dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
It is the most interesting book that I have ever read.
- Sau cấu trúc: This/It is the first/second... time, phải dùng thì hiện tại hoàn thành.
This is the first time I have eaten this kind of food.
c. Time phrases (Các cụm từ thời gian)
Các từ/ cụm từ thời gian thường gặp trong thì này như:
- already (đã ...rồi), never (chưa bao giờ), ever (đã từng), yet (chưa), just (vừa mới), (cho đến bây giờ),
recently (gần đây), lately (gần đây),
- so far/ up to now/ up to present (cho tới bây giờ), in / over + the past/ last + thời gian: trong......qua
- for + khoảng thời gian (for 2 days: trong khoảng 2 ngày)
- since + mốc thời gian: kể từ.. . .(since 2000: từ năm 2000)
Nếu sau "since" là một mệnh đề thì mệnh đề trước since ta chia thì hiện tại hoàn thành còn mệnh đề sau
since chia thì quá khứ đơn.
E.g: I have taught English since I graduated from University.
* Vị trí của các trạng từ trong thì hiện tại hoàn thành:
- already, never, ever, just: sau "have/ has" và đứng trước động từ phân từ II.
- already: cũng có thể đứng cuối câu.
- yet: đứng cuối câu, và thường được sử dụng trong câu phủ định và nghi vấn.
- so far, recently, lately, up to present, up to this moment, in/ over + the past/ last + thời gian: Có thể
đứng đầu hoặc cuối câu.
E.g: have bought this house recently. (Gần đây tôi đã mua ngôi nhà này.)
■ BÀI TẬP VẬN DỤNG CƠ BẢN


Bài 1: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
1. The students

English last week.


A. studies

B. to study

2. Did you ride a bicycle
A. every day
3. They
A. are
4. The fisherman
A. to catch
5. His brother

B. at this time
B. had
B. catch

A. do
9. Hung
A. had
10. He
A. swam

C. were

D. have

C. catching

D. caught


C. going

D. to go

C. go

D. didn't go

C. to play

D. plays

C. doing

D.did

C. was

D. has

C. swims

D. swimming

to England last year.
to school this morning.

8. We


D. tomorrow

a big fish yesterday.

6. Tim

A. played

C. this morning

lazy last week.

B. go

7. Did they

D. study

?

A. went
A. goes

C. studied

B. did goes
basketball yesterday?
B. play
our homework last night.
B. does

sad yesterday.
B. is
in the pool last Sunday.
B. swim

Bài 2: Are the underlined parts of the sentences right or wrong? Correct them where necessary.
1. Here's some news! Tim's closed his store.
2. I don't have my bike right now. I've lent it to Alex.
3. Where has Richard gone to school as a child?
4. Who has made the first TV?
5. Corruption has become a big issue in Brazil.
6. His math book isn't here. He's forgotten it at school.
7. My great grandfather has worked in a paper mill.
8. The internet has gone down so I can't send emails.
9. Elvis has been the singer who has sold many albums in the past.
Bài 3: Choose the best answer in brackets.
1. Actually I had supper with my brother (lately/ last night).
2. I haven't seen Linda (for/ since) a long time. How is she?
3. What have you been doing (yesterday/ today)?
4. It's ages (since/ ago) I last went to the cinema.
5. I've been trying to sell my car (for the last time/ for ages).
6. I can't remember (how long/ when) I've had this car.

OK


7. Bin hasn't been to London (when/ since) we went there last year.
8. I've written to Sally (last week/ recently).
9. I've been living here (since/ for/ in) the end of last year.
10. Have you eaten Chinese food (before/ already)?

Bài 4: Fill in the blank using the following adverbs.
already

never

always

yet

ever

for

1. She is a cold, unfeeling woman, she has
2.

showed any affection.

her husband's death, Alex has become a cold-blooded woman.

3. Tim doesn't want to go to Paris as he has
4. They have been engaged

been there.

two months.

5. The young boy hasn't eaten his dinner
6. I've


since

.

been a warm-hearted person. And you?

7. She has been laughing

she saw that woman.

Bài 5: Put the verbs into the simple tense.
On Thursday, the children
(1. talk) about a day out together in the country. The next
morning, they
(2. go) to the country with their two dogs and
(3. play) together.
Tim and David
(4. have) some kites. Some time later the dogs _ (5. be) not there, so
they
(6. call) them and
(7. look) for them in the forest. After half an hour the
children
(8. find) them and(9. take) them back. Charlie
(10. be) very happy to
see them again. At lunch time Mike
(11. go) to the bikes and
(12. fetch) the
basket with some meat sandwiches. Then they
(13. play) football. Mike and
David

(14. win). In the evening they
(15. ride) home.
Bài 6: Choose the best answer in brackets (either the past simple or present perfect tense).
1. Did you like the cartoon "Tom and Jerry"? I (did not see/ haven't seen) it yet.
2. Tom is a very close friend of mine. We (know/ have known) each other for years.
3. Do you know what time Lisa (left/ has left) the office?
4. You (were/have been) lateforworktoomanytimesthisyear. If you're not careful, you will be sacked.
5. I (had/ have had) a few financial problems last year but this year things are getting better.
6. We had a foreign friend from Thailand who (never saw/ has never seen) the sea so we're taking him to
a beach this weekend.
7. Since I started working here I (became/ have become) more experienced at dealing with problems.
8. I can't remember the last time I (went/ have been) to the cinema.
Bài 7: Put the verbs in the brackets into either the past simple or present perfect tense.
1. "How long have you lived here?" "I
2. He lived in London for two years and then he
3.
(you/see) the moon last night?
4. Shakespeare

(write) a lot of plays.

(live) here since 2000."
(go) to Edinburgh.


5. My brother
6. I

(write) several books. He has just finished his latest.
(not see) him for five years. I wonder where he is.


7. He

(not smoke) for one month. He is trying to give it up.

8. He

(compose) some pieces of music when he worked in New York.

9. "When

(he/arrive)?""He arrived at 3 o'clock."

10. I read his books when I was at school. I
11. I can't go out because I
12. "I

(not finish) my work yet.

(never/drink) wine". "Well, have some now!"

13. Here are your shoes. I

(just/clean) them.

14. I left home at 9.00 a.m and I
15. I

(enjoy) them very much.


(get) here at 8.00p.m.

(meet) him last May.

Bài 8: Rewrite the following sentences.
1. This is the first time he visited Ha Long Bay.
 He has

.

2. She started working here last year.
 She has

.

3. We began eating lunch when it started to rain.
 We have

.

4. I last had my hair cut when she left me.
 I haven't

.

5. The last time he met me was 5 months ago.
 He hasn't

.


6. It is a long time since we last met.
 We haven't

.

7. When did you have this computer?
 How long

?

8. This is the first time I had such a delicious meal.
 I haven't

.

9. I haven't gone to work for a month.
 The last

.

10. I haven't talked to him for 5 days.
=> It is

.

■ BÀI TẬP TỔNG HỢP NÂNG CAO
Bài 9: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences.
1. Last month, the Youth Union
A. has launched


B. launched

a campaign to help students with disabilities.
C. was launched

D. was launching


2. Lately, a gang of enterprising New Zealanders
depression and mental health issues.
A. has introduced

B. had introduced

3. The boy
ago.

C. introduced

D. was introduced

across the narrow canal in ten minutes to find himself out of danger several years

A. swum
4. I

an incredible scheme to raise awareness of

B. was swum


C. swam

D. had swam

to help students at a special school twice since I finished grade 11.

A. have volunteered

B. had volunteered

C. was volunteering

D. volunteered

5. It is now over seventy years since Lindbergh
A. has been flying

B. flew

C. had flown

6. We won't go out before we
A. finish

across the Atlantic.
D. has flown

the homework.

B. will have finished


C. will finish

D. finished

7. Although he was on the whole very suspicious of the project, Mr Hung
A. didn't promise

B. promised

C. has promised

8. Even though Susan was totally opposed to the project, she
opportunities for the local people.
A. had agreed

B. agreed

9. When he

B. was/was entering

C. was/was entered

D. was/would enter

11. Nam

that it would increase job
D. would agree.


the National Institute for the Blind in Paris.

A. was/entered

A. gave

D. hasn't promised

C. was agreed

ten years old, he

10. In the past ten years, he

to cooperate.

more than 100 bicycles to needy students in Central Vietnam.
B. has given

C. has been given

D. has been giving

the idea of giving sweaters and warm clothes to the poor just a couple of weeks

ago, shortly after the beginning of the rainy season.
A. came up with

B. comes up with


C. has come up with

D. was coming up with

12. In the past, health care in some rural areas of this country
doctors and nurses.
A. is provided

B. provided

13. Neither Mike nor his brothers
A. have never been

C. provides

D. was provided

to school because their father teaches them at home.

B. has ever been

14. Not until we
difficulties.

by only a small number of

C. have ever been

D. ever went


the school for children with disabilities

how they overcome

A. had visited/have we known

B. visited/had we known

C. visited/did we know

D. have visited/did we know

15. Until now I

more than 1000 stamps.

A. collected

B. collect

C. am collecting

D. have collected


Bài 10: Choose the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of
the following questions.
1. (A) The annual increase in the (B) world's population (C) has peaked at (D) about 88 million in the late
1980s.

2. (A) Overpopulation is (B) one of the main factors that leads to (C) poor, (D) illiteracy, and social evils.
3. The teacher (A) said that (B) about 10 children (C) need special help (D) in reading skills.
4. Youth Newspaper (A) donated book collections (B) to two (C) mountainous schools in (D) northern
Vietnam lately.
5. Vina Capital Foundation's Heartbeat Vietnam (A) has performed 5,000 free heart (B) surgery for kids
(C) across the country (D) for the last ten years.
6. A Hoi An-based charity organisation (A) gave free milk to (B) poor, ailing, and (C) disabled children in
the central province of Quang Nam (D) on last Wednesday.
7. Although Marie Curie had (A) very little money (B) to live on, (C) but she went to Paris to realise her
dream of (D) a scientific career.
8. Albert Einstein, (A) the father of modern physics, could not read until he (B) was eight, but that (C)
hasn't stopped him (D) from becoming one of the greatest scientists of our time
Bài 11: Put the verbs in the brackets into either the past simple or present perfect tense.
1. Tim: How many times (you/try)

to pass your driving test?

Mike: Three times so far.
2. When (you/go)

to Ho Chi Minh City?

3. You look different, (you/have)
4. I (not/see)

a haircut?

David at all this week. I don't even know where he is.

5. Tim: (you/speak)


to Peter yet?

Mike: Not yet.
6. When (you/start)
7. I (move)

your job?
house three times in the last five years.

8. My sister (be)

to New York three times and she's going again next month.

9. The US President (be)
10. He (visit)

in our country last year.
this village three times in the last two years.

Bài 12: Put the verbs in the brackets into either the past simple or present perfect tense.
1. I

(have) a problem with my computer yesterday.

2. We

(already see) that movie, but I will go with you again if you want me to.

3. We


(be) in Tim's room when the storm

4. I
5. He
evening.
6. My father

(begin).

(not begin) my homework yet.
(not sleep) for three nights, even though he
(never forget) my birthday.

7. They

(travel) around the world last summer.

8. They

(decide) this at a meeting some days ago.

(go) to bed early yesterday


9.

(You ever be) to New York?

10. I know Hanoi City well. I


(live) there for three years when I was a student.

11. Michael does not have much money so he
12. We

(have) a good time at the party last weekend.

13. Look at that. Someone
14. Emily

(break) my motorbike.

(just finish) packing her bags.

15. The plane
16. I

(not buy) a car yet.

(land) ten minutes ago.
(do) all the housework. Everything is clean now.

17. When
18. We

(Columbus discover) the New World?
(not visit) him since last weekend.

19. She feels great. She


(lose) five pounds since Christmas.

20. The last time I

(play) tennis was four years ago.

Bài 13: Fill in the blank using either the Present Perfect or the Simple Past.
Last week I

(meet) an old lady called Brown. She
(be) eighty-two. She
(be) a beggar. She
(talk) to me and I
(hear) the story of her
entire life. I
(feel) so sad when she
(finish) it that I almost
(cry). As
I
(feel) sorry for her, I
(give) Brown some money.
This morning something wonderful and amazing
(happen) to me. I
Brown again, but, my goodness, she
(be) different. She told me the following.

(meet)

Since you

(give) me that money my life
(change) completely. With the money
you
(give) me I
(buy) a lottery ticket and I
(win). I (buy) myself a
house where I'm living now. I
(just buy) some new clothes, a TV set... you can't imagine how
happy I am!
I
(be) so astonished that I couldn't even say a word. I
surprise! She had bought me a yellow Ferrari.

(follow) her and ...

Bài 14: Put the verbs in the brackets into either the past simple or present perfect tense.
1. A: Did you like the movie "The Lord of the Rings?"
B: I don't know. I (see, never)
2. Nam (arrive)

in New York a week ago.

3. My best friend and I (know)
week.
4. He is a fantastic writer. He (write)
he'll be as famous as Hemingway.
5. I (have, not)

that movie.
each other for over fifteen years. We still get together once a

ten very creative short stories in the last year. One day,

this much fun since I (be)

a kid.

6. Things (change)
a great deal at this company. When we first _ (start) working here three
years ago, the company (have, only)
ten employees. Since then, we (expand)
to
include more than 2000 full-time workers.
7. I (tell)
him to stay on the path while he was hiking, but he (wander)
the forest and (be) was bitten by a snake.

off into


8. Listen Daniel, I don't care if you (miss)
for work too many times. You are fired!

the bus this morning. You (be)

9. Mike is from Colorado, which is hundreds of miles from the coast, so he (see, never)
ocean. He should come with us to Miami.
10. How sad! Mr. David (dream)
He (see, never)
the ocean.


late
the

of going to California before he died, but he didn't make it.

11. In the last hundred years, traveling (become)
much easier and very comfortable. In the
19th century, it (take)
two or three months to cross North America by covered wagon. The
trip (be)
very rough and often dangerous. Things (change)
a great deal in the last
hundred and fifty years. Now you can fly from New York to Los Angeles in a matter of hours.
12. John, I can't believe how much you (change)
You (grow)
at least a foot!
13. This tree (be)
years ago.

since the last time I (see)

planted by the settlers who (found)

14. This mountain (be, never)
the top, but nobody (succeed, ever)
trying to reach the summit.

you.

our city over four hundred


climbed by anyone. Several mountaineers (try)
to reach
. The climb is extremely difficult and many people (die)

15. I (visit, never)
Africa, but I (travel)
to South America several times. The last
time I (go)
to South America, I (visit)
Brazil and Peru. I (spend)
two
weeks in the Amazon, hiked for a week near Machu Picchu, and (fly)
over the Nazca Lines.