Phương ngữ Nam Bộ - Nét đặc sắc của văn học đồng bằng sông Cửu Long cần lưu giữ
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I NGHIEN CUIU-TRAO BOI I
CD
oy
r' Imong ngif Nam bo
N E T D A C S A C C U A V A N HOC
D O N G BANG SONG C L A J LONG C A N L U u GlQ
• Li Xudn
Hoi Ngdn ngff hoc Viet Nam
1- "Ngdn ngff la thd cda cdi vd cdng quy bdu
vd lau ddi cua dan tdc" (Bdc H i ) . Vi thd'vide bdo
vd sff trong sdng cda tid'ng Viet Id ra't quan trpng
vd c i n thie't. Tuy nhidn, trong qud trinh giao thoa
van hda giffa cdc vdng, cdc miln, cde nffdc... mpt
bd phan ngdn ngff cung bi "cdi cdch" theo, hodc bi
bien dang, bidn the theo chieu htfdng cd Idi, hodc
cd hai. Nd se Idm rdi thdm, Idm mat di ban sdc dan
tdc cda tCfng vdng, tffng miln trdn mdt d^t nffdc tff
Idu da cd stf thdng nha't v l chff vid't vd ngdn ngff.
Trong thdi ky hpi nhap qud'c tdhien nay, nhilu
thff cd thd "hda tan", "hda hdp", "bid'n mau", "bid'n
chat", thi ngdn ngff hdu cd thodt khdi guing quay
dd? Song, chdng ta cung khdng ddng lo ngai I^m
v l sff "xdm thffc" cda ngdn ngff ngoai lai, nhd't
Id thff ngdn ngff "chdt" tren mang cda thd' hd 8x,
9x... Bdi ddn tdc ta td lau da cd qud trinh giff gin
vd phdt trien vdn ngdn ngff cda todn ddn. Bdng
chdng ro nhd't Id chff Hdn cda Trung Hoa mpl thdi
gian ddi ma'y thd ky dffdc ddng Idm vdn tff, nhiftig
sau dd dng cha ta cung chi "mffdn" de sdng tao ra
chff Ndm. Mdt sd tff tidng Phdp. tid'ng Anh, tidng
Nga... khi vdo Viet Nam cung bi "bidn dii" cho
phd hdp vdi cdch cdm, cdch nghi cda ngffdi Viet.
Nhffng ngffdi cd cdng trong vide "Viet hda" mdt
sd tff ngff dd, phan Idn Id tang Idp tri thffc cd trinh
dp cao. Va chdng ta khdng thd khdng kd' ddn vai
trd cua cdc nhd vdn. nhd thd. nhffng ngffdi da ddng
ngdn ngff todn dan, ngdn ngff bdc hpc de dffa vdo
tdc pha'm vdn chffdng, phan dnh cupc sd'ng mudn
mau mudn ve cua con ngffdi va xa hpi. Ridng d
Nam bd, phffdng ngff thi hien khd ro trong cde tdc
ph£m van hpc, trdn cac phffdng dien ngff dm, ngff
phdp, ngff nghia va phong cdch diln dat.
2- Ve mat dia ly. Nam bd dffdc tinh tff cdc tinh
Binh Phffdc, Tay Ninh ddn Ca Mau. Phffdng ngff
Nam bp c6 nhffng net khu biet vdi phffdng ngff B^c
bd hay Trung bd, md nhffng phffdng ngff khac khd
xdm nhdp. Neu d miln B3C tid'ng Hd Ndi khdc
tidng Hffng Ydn. Hai Dffdng. Thdi Binh. Thanh
Hda. Nghd An, Quang Binh... thi d Nam bd tid'ng
Sdi Gdn vd tidng 13 tinh, thanh khu vtfc DBSCL
ndi chung khdng khdc nhau ma'y. Nghia Id chdng
cd stf thdng nha't tffdng dd'i cao. Ndu phan Idn cdc
tinh phia B^c gpi cdi bdt, Nghd An, Hd Tinh gpi
Id cdidgi, thi d Nam bd gpi Id cdichen. Neu d cdc
tinh phia Bdc ndi lhi gpi cha-me, bd-me, thdy-u,
ndi gpi Id cdu-ma, bd-bdm, thdy-bu, di- em (ngffdi
Thdi)... thi d Nam bd gpi Id ba- md, tia-dii. Ngffdc
lai, cd mdt so' tff ngff d mien B^e. miln Trung gpi
bdng mdt ten, nhff: thuyen hay do thi d Nam bd
lai cd nhilu ten gpi khac nhau de r'
,*""'
cdng dung, kich cd cda moi •
thdng thuy. nhff; tdu,gh'
TAP C H l .
I NGHIEN CUfU - TRAO DOi |
hdn chiic ien goi' ghe chdi, ghe be. ghc hdu, ghe
cui, ghe rUa, ghf gidn, ghe long, ghe lutl/n, ghe ngo.
ghe tam hdn, roi xudng bald, rd Idi, tt'ic ning. Ircl..
Chi ghc Ihffdng ho cda ngifdi Ciia i-Jinh, ca dao
cd cau:
Ghe ai do mdi xanh ludn
Phai ghc dia Dinh .\uong vudn tlulm em.
Goi nifdc/e/i hayJCH
nifdc rang. nUdckcin. nUdcdUnti. mfdc nhUng, nUdc
Uftng, nUdr do. nUdr ngdp. nUdc ndi. nUdc quay,
nude lut, nude gnd. nUdr rut, mfdc chay. nUdc Irdi.
nude nhdy. nude bd... Ridng nUdc rdng cdn dffdc
phan biet: nude rdng can, nude mni; sni. nUde rdng
rdc. nude rdng kiel, liav cdn gQt tdt Id nude etin.
nude .vd/. nude rde. nUdr kivi
Trong qud irinh giao Iffu giffa cdc vCing, miln,
cdc dan lOe trong vd ngodi nffdc thi mdt so phffdng
ngff Nam Bd da cd sif vay mffdn 1dm phong phu
thdm vd'n iff ngff cua cdng dong cff ddn d xen Ian
nhau, nhff: ndi "sang say, chieu xin. tdi xd qudn"
thi dIu chi ngffdi say nfdu d nhffng mffc dp khdc
nhau (ngffdi Kinh gpi la say, ngffdi Hoa gpi la xin,
ngffdi Kilmer gpi Id xd quan).
Trong cdc tdc pham vdn hpc cda Nam bd. d
moi giai doan, moi Ihdi ky lich sff, td ngff ddng
cdng khdc nhau. Mdt sd' td ngff irong tieu thuyet
cda H i Bieu Chdnh nhffng ndm dIu the' ky XX
nay it ddng.
Vi du: Ong mieu ta canh ngodi dong rudng chi
bdng vdi ndi ddn sdmd gay an tffdng: Mdtbffa no
nham tid't Ihdng bay. trdi mUki lu dm, luy. Ngodi
dong ndng phu 1dm ldng xdng, ngffdi thi phdt c6,
ke thi lo true dd't. May ddm ma gid thoi ddn sdng
vdng vdng. trong bdo au trdi gid cud'ng do do (Phu
nffTan vdn-sd'32. lrang31). Vdddy Id canh ngodi
ding vdi bao mdu sac am thanh d mdt vdng que
Nam bp cdch ta gan thd ky: Mat trdi chen Idn. ich
uech oqc kiu vang me hdo, trdu no ndn di idn ve
xdm. Lua cd'y dd gidp ddng hit roi, ddm ndo chua
ben thi coi vdng khe, ddm ndo dd nd thi coi xanh
mUdt. (Phu nff Tan van so' 35. trang 30).
Trong cdc cau hd. dieu Vf Nam bd thi phffdng
ngff khl chan chd't, mdc mac. khi go g h i , gai gdc.
a
TAP CHI KHOA HOC CAN THO
Hay nghe ldi mdt chdng trai Nam bd chpc gheo
ed gdi: Con cd nd m^ eon luan/ Bd chj ghe lui/n
mud'n ffa tdi hdn ? Hay: Anh thuang em tU ddu tdi
dit/ Dinn anh mud'n nhti khUbin em. Hodc: Gid
dua budn ngu lin bd/ Miing cm ed rpng cho qua
ngu nhd mot dim'! Hay: Xdn qudn em Ipi qua lung/
Qudn em Id tut anh hun chS ndo?/Anh hun thi hun
md ddo/ Qudn em Id tut cdm .sdo ngu ludn.
S;iii Hu Bidu Chdnh. nhilu nhd vdn Nam bo
Id bdc ihly sif dung phffdng ngff, nhff: Sdn Nam,
Nguyin Quang Sdng, Lc Vdn Thdo, Anh Dffc,
Trang Thd Hy, Anh Ddng... Ldp kd tiep cd:
Lffdng HiOu Vui, Nguyin Thanh, Vo D k Danh,
Nguyin Ldp 1-m, H i TTnh Tdm. Phan Tmng Nghia,
Ngd Khilc Tdi, Ph
TramNguydn Y Anh.., Nhifng sff dung phffdng ngff
Nam Bd hidn dai thi nhd vdn trd Nguyin Ngpc Tff
thdnh cdng hdn cd. Cung la canh, ta ngffdi vd sff
vide nhffng ngdn ngff cda Nguyin Ngpc Tff trong
cdc truyen ng^n da khdc xa Ihdi H i Bilu Chdnh
vd Ciic anh chi trffde minh. Nhilu tff ngff Nam bp
dffdc chi dffa vdo ddng Idc ddng cho, khic hpa
chilu sdu lam \f nhdn vat vd cdnh sdc thidn nhien
vilng sdng nffdc. Vidu. Ai dd vai tiitng chdm chim
en lin cao. chiing cS chao lieng de khdi phdi rai
nhu Id... Ngdn ngff irong cdc truyen ngSn. ky.tan
vdn cda Nguyen Ngpc Tff vffa dan da. mdc mac
vffa gan gdi, iffdi t^n.
Ddn vdi vdn cda chi. ddc gia cd the hinh dung
r^t rd ve vdng dat Nam bd. Tff nhffng me dia luc
binh, ddm Irdnt bdu, chdm quao, trdi gidc nS'u
canh chua bdng sdng den cdch gpi ten nhan vdt:
anh Hai Nhd, di ut Thu Ly, di TU, Ut Thd, Sdu
Tdm... hay ldi dn tid'ng ndi thffdng ngdy: trdi
dd't, chkn ai, dung chdc hd, ndi gi lang xet vay
ta, ndi chdi hoai, nhU vdy, chut dinh, minh en...
d I u gdi Idn ddng hinh thien nhidn, con ngffdi xtf
sd m i l n Nam. Cd Ian chi da tff bdc bach ve vdn
minh mdt cdch rd't that thd trffde cdc dd'i tffdng
ddc gid Doi liic vi vdn cua minh nhU qui sau
rieng, ngUdi thich thi ndi nd tham, ngudi khdng
thich thi chi rdng thui.
I NGHIEN CQU-TRAO DOI I
Vdn cda Nguyen Ngpc Tff cd nhilu so sdnh,
mieu ta dpc ddo: Nhi^g trdi dua hd'u bdng mdy
thdm xanh chd't tang tdng trSn cha (Giao thffa),
Td ddng sdng nhff mdt ngffdi ban tdm tinh vdi
nhilu tff Idy: Dim sdng trdng, ngdi trin nhd cd the
nhin thd'y mot ddng chdy Uu riu, sdng hdng. Ban
dim, con song frudc nhd idi khdng ngu, nd thUe
theo nhitng chii'c Idu rdm ri chdy qua, theo licng
mdi chko quay ehdch bup rd't deu. Cd nhffng cdu
vdn k l xen ta that a'n tffdng, gdi cdm: Bdy gid, gid
chUdng non xdp xde trin khdp cdnh ddng bd't tdn.
Ven cdc bd rudng, bong cd mUc nhu nhifng dudng
viin nho Uu riu Idm diu lai mdng rUc vdng eua liia.
Chat gipng dac set cda midl vffdn Nam bp
khdng Ian vdo dau dffdc: Buoi chieu di Idm mudn
ve, hp tut xud'ng ao tdm tdp thd nude chua lit vi
phhi, roi xd'i lai dung hai gdu. Nude vo cam ddng
de rUa rau, rUa rau xong ddnh rUa cd. Cdnh sdc
Nam bd Iran vdo trong tdc phlm cff gan gdi, tff
nhien nhff chinh vdng dd't d'y: Cd lao Mul Cd Tha
nam gdn cud'i song Ddi, trin nd mdt chut cd mot
nhdnh song khdc re ve phia mat trdi, rqn rip dUdc
doan dd roi thdi.
Cdn day Id midu ta tam ly nhan vat cd so' phdn
him hiu, eo le: Bifa kia mdi dc, thd'y Bi Ion ton chai
mot minh ngodi sdn, bong khong kim duac, Xuyen
xdc Bi lin chay mpt doan rdi that thdn difng sifng
lai, keu lin hai tieng, trdi
Chi ludn khdm phd nhffng suy tff, trdn trd,
din vdt trong tam h I n nhdn vdt: Ddu cd. Cd md.
nUdc mdt anh rdt lin con tUdng ndy ne, dd, nd
lidt nhep do thd'y chUa. Hit cudi Idn. ndi Idn,
if, tai tao thuang con chd't. Qua sdng Id khong
mong ve... Nhieu cau van gidu cam xdc, chda
cha't hodi nidm: Ra tdi lu nude bd tUa ngUdi vdo
dd, mat soi xud'ng nudc, bdt khdc. ifdc gi nUdc
dUng trong nhUv&y di khdi phdt kien mdt nhan
sac tdn phai. Vdi nhffng Idi ddc thoai ndi tam
sau sdc ed sffc cudn hdt: Ong Sdu ngUng lai, Idy
tay quel nude mdt, cdi con bim hip quy ndy nd
cung bo qua may idn nhUng ngu mot dim trin
dtft dita nd lai quay vi. Sao cd khdng quay tgi?
(Bidn ngffdi menh mdng).
d "Cdnh ding ba't tan" gipng vdn that day dffl.
trdn trd: Sau gid'e ngu ddi. bdn ndng nd khdng ltd
day. Trdi lim nd chi Id hdn than nhd, khdng the
hdm ndng lai caiheda
ngd mdu tro. Sai ddy xuc
cdm nhu ldi di Idu Idm khdng ngUdi lui Idi, ed dai
mpe bit mdt. dudng dUl, cdu gdy 6 dd ludn ^n chffa
nhffng Irdn trd, suy tff vd nil niem ydu thffdng: Ddn
bd, vdi cha, cdng trdi nghiim cdng chdn ehUdng.
Cdng gieo rdc cdng dau. Vi't thUUng cd md miing
toang hodc, khdng da thit ndo cd thi Id'p ddy...
Vdi ky Ue Ud'ng Iran, ho phai phdi ra di, edn minh
Ihi nhd hodi, dau hoai.
Hdng loat cau hoi tu tff
budng ra nhff tid'ng keu thdng thidt irffdc cudc ddi
da doan: Cd ai chd chung ldi tren nhifng cdnh ddng
khai, Dem nay Idi sao the ndy? Vi nhin thdy niem
hy vpng U? Vd ldi ngu Irong ndi xdn xang... Md,
dd ngd'm, dd xe toang ldng vdi ndi dau chia cdi rdi
chua sa sao ?.
Nha van Nguydn Ngpc da nhan xdt vl vdn
Nguyen Ngpc Tff: Mdy ndm nay chdng la deu rdt
thich Nguyin Ngpc Tu. Co dy nhu moi cdi cdy lu
nhien mpc lin giffa rUng tram hay rffng dudc Nam
bp vay. luai tdn la thudng, dem de'n cho vdn hpc
mot luong gid mat rai, tinh le'md chdn chd't, chdn
chdt md linh le, ddc biet "Nam bd" mpt cdch nhu
khdng, chdng cdn chul cd gang ndo nhu cdc tdc
gid Nam bp di trUdc...
Ndi de'n phffdng ngff Nam bp ta khdng the
khdng nhdc de'n tdc gia vidt ky xud'l sac Vo Ddc
Danh trong nhffng nam gin ddy. Hay chim chdm
dpc mdt doan van trong bdi ky "Me tdi" cda anh
de thffdng thffc chat Nam bd d'y: Me tdi phdi ra
ddng tff liic hdng dong cho din khi hdng xdm lin
d^n, tdm thdn gdy idn md trin bd mdu giSa tii'ng
nhdi bdu dong thanh mpt khdc nhqc budn tren
ddng nUdc bao la khi trdi chgng vang. Dim dim,
ldi ngu bang dieu ru cua tii'ng dng hd ehdp chdn
Irong cdn nhd dpi ndt. me phdi che
nhifng tdm Id chdm.
' o toi hdng
I NGHIEN cau - TRAO B6| |
PimongngONambo-
Vd day la nhffng cau Ihd d^y dm anh cda
nha Ihd tre Huynh Thdy Kilu d Cd Mau:
(Tii'p theo Irang .U)
Cd lim kim ruat nhau xe ddng vpng tUdng
Chdu thd budn thkm vUc khuc dd quyin.
Hay trong bdi k^J "Rdm ra dai khd", vdn cua Vo
(Theo em ve vdng c l tich)
D^c Danh nhff "thd vdn xiidi", rd't gidu so sdnh lidn
Bong ngUa cd
tffdng, nhip dieu: Chj mac bd bd ba mdu den. cdi
Ao do cdn ngUc sdm
ddng cao cao,... tffng can gid Ida qua, chi nghting
Ddm cudng phong
vdnh thung, lUa hot ludn xudng. lua Up bay bay,
Vdc cudc bifa mdu chiiu.
bui ram bay bay, td do chi cung hay bay,... nguae
Con di'nhui khdc dim thanh vdng
Iheo chieu gid Id..., nhffng dUdng n^t cong cda
Le ban linh nUdc mdt chdy trdng non.
vdng eo, vdng ngifc cdng trdn. Tdi cU nhin ngdn
(Ndi vdi qud hffdng)
nga... vd, tdi khdng ngd khi minh khdng cdn "dai
Nghiing vat gid hUng dnh trdng tU dlnh trdi
khd" nhu chi nghl lhi dd lai Id mda liia cud'i cdng
ldi duac gdn gui chi... khi ldi bii'l difae linh yeu rdi xud'ng
Chuong thdi gian go vd dim thuang ludn
thi hinh dnh ngudi con gdi Irong tdi Id chi. Ld
Anh dd gal xong mua bao tdp
chi vdi nhffng gidc ngu trUa Irong chdi ra giffa
Thu vdo mdy bong kinh thdnh budt nu sao hoa.
dSng, Id chi vdi ddi ihdng nude, chiec ddn gdnh
(Co tich cho em)
odn vai di giffa ddng ra khd Irong bdng chieu
Mua ha run ndi niem gidp hat
Ihd'p thodng, qudn do udl mem bd sdt thdn gdy.
Co ngam ddy nu ddng cdnh ddng xUa...
Id chi ngdi dudi cdy ram qudn tifng con cui Idm
(Thien difdng cay xanh Id)
bep um trdu. Id chi ngdi dd't ram sdng bffng cd
3- Tuy nhien, ndu lam dung phffdng ngff Nam
mdt khuc song.... Id chi.... ngffc cdng Irdn dUng
bd qud nhilu thi se 1dm cho cdu van, cdu thd thdm
Iren gidn gii lua...
rd'i rdm, khd lulu dd'i vdi nhilu ngffdi d nhffng
vdng, miln khac, lam giam sff trong sang cda tidng
Cdn thd thi nhilu lac gia dffa phffdng ngff Nam
Vidt. Giff gin ban sac van hda ddn lpc trong phffdng
bd vdo khd thdnh cdng. Trong dd phai ke de'n cdc
ngff Nam bd ndi ridng va ngdn ngff ndi chung Id
nha did: Le Chi, Nguyen Ba, Kim Ba, Vd Hong,
mpt dieu can thid't trffde sff xam thffc cda ngdn ngff
Trinh Bdu Hodi. Phd Sa Lde. Dinh Thi Thu Van, ngoai lai trong thdi hdi nhap qud'c Id'. Ngdy nay,
Song Hao, Thu Nguyet. Thai Sac. Hffu Nhan. trffde sff bung nd v l thdng tin trdn cdc phffdng tidn
Trffdng Trpng Nghla, Le Ai Siem, Vd Tan Cffdng, truyln thdng nhff bdo ndi. bao hinh, bdo vid't, bao
Huynh Thdy Kilu... Xin dan ddi cau thd Vu Hing didn td trdn internet... nhilu ngffdi dffng "ngdn
trong bdi "Ngffdi phffdng Nam" de ban dpc rd hdn ngff Idng" d l budn ban, hay "ngdn ngff chdt" cua
mpl net tinh cdch cda ngffdi Nam bd - nhffng ngffdi gidi tre de giao IffU, vd sdng tdc trdn cdc website,
mang trong minh ddng mdu cda D l Chieu, Bdi blog 1dm mat di ban sac eua ngdn ngff tid'ng Viet.
Hffu Nghia, Phan Vdn Tri... ra't hdo phdng, hdo Dd la dilu ddng bdo dpng!
hidp, dieu nghd, bao dung:
D I kd't thdc bai vid't nhd nay, tdi xin din mot
doan trong bai thd vui Tinh yiu lin hpc cda tdc
Ngudi phuang Nam khd sdc
gia Vdn Thdng dang trdn bao QDND vdi nhiJng
Ngudi phuang Nam ngdy xua do tai
tff ngff cda gidi Tin hpc da bffdc vao van chffdng:
Ddng Hdm giang cudn sdng khdng ldi
Miln domain anh vIn mai di tim
Bim sdu ddi dm trdn chung rUpu
Lac chd'n nao trong hang tridu website
Ruau say Um bdc din tdn trdi
De'n thdm em bang dja chi email
... Ngudi phuang Nam say thi say trgn
Niem thtfdng nhd trai dai trdn keyboard.
Chdn tinh em chan? ihe n-'i'" ' '"load Ngudi phuang Nam budn thi budn sdu.
C A N THO
