International Journal of Management (IJM)
Volume 11, Issue 2, February 2020, pp. 209–220, Article ID: IJM_11_02_022
Available online at />Journal Impact Factor (2020): 10.1471 (Calculated by GISI) www.jifactor.com
ISSN Print: 0976-6502 and ISSN Online: 0976-6510
© IAEME Publication

Scopus Indexed

UTILIZATION OF PRINT RESOURCES IN
DEGREE COLLEGE LIBRARIES IN
VISAKHAPATNAM DISTRICT: AN
ANALYTICAL STUDY
Dr. M. Doraswamy
Professor/University Librarian,
Department of Library and Information Science,
University Library, Dravidian University, Andhra Pradesh, India
V. Appalaswami Naidu
Librarian & Ph.D. Research Scholar (PT),
Dr. V.S. Krishna Government Degree College (A),
Visakhapatnam, Andhra Pradesh, India
ABSTRACT
This article reports the results of an analytical study conducted on the utilization
of print resources in the degree college libraries in Visakhapatnam District, Andhra
Pradesh. A questionnaire was distributed among 1485 students out of which 1100
respondents returned filled-in questionnaires at an overall response rate of 74%. The
results showed postgraduate students using print resources, reference books,
competitive books, periodicals/magazines, dissertations/project reports and old
question papers more in number as compared to undergraduate students. In contrast,
the undergraduate students were found using news papers more in number, compared
to postgraduate students. Among other significant findings, arts students preferred
using competitive books, dissertations/project reports and newspapers more in

number than science students, whereas science students used reference books,
periodicals/magazines and old question papers more in number as compared to arts
students.
Keywords: Print Resources, Usage pattern, PG Students, Arts Students, Science
Students.
Cite this Article: Dr. M. Doraswamy and V. Appalaswami Naidu, Utilization of Print
Resources in Degree College Libraries in Visakhapatnam District: An Analytical
Study, International Journal of Management (IJM), 11 (2), 2020, pp. 209–220.
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209




Utilization of Print Resources in Degree College Libraries in Visakhapatnam District: An Analytical Study

1. INTRODUCTION
In general, Libraries perform the key task of dissemination of information and knowledge
among large user groups by utilizing various resources, including textbooks, reference books,
periodicals/magazines, theses/dissertations, newspapers, electronic resources among others. In
view of the evolution of newer and more dynamic education systems as a global phenomenon,
user information are more varied and specialized now, thereby posing big challenges for the
library communities. Libraries are essentially repositories of a large number of valuable print
and electronic resources that support information needs of users for teaching-learning and
research as well. In such a scenario, libraries empower users by making a number of resources
available that help them save time and effort, thus enabling them to take well-informed
decisions on optimum utilization of library resources. The users search for newer ideas,
unknown facts and specialized information through methodical scientific research becomes
possible in modern libraries that offer multi-modal platforms of information-sharing and

knowledge dissemination by leveraging Information Communication Technologies (ICTs).
Hence, it is a common practice in any modern library to develop, maintain and share
scholarly, academic and general information in many different print and electronic formats.
This trend of bringing a balanced mix of traditional and modern information and knowledge
resources are even more profound in academic libraries found in degree colleges,
polytechnics, universities, colleges of education etc. In its most conventional wisdom,
academic libraries primarily strive to provide various resources and information services so
that the basic educational objectives of students as well as faculty is fulfilled.
Academic libraries are regarded as ‘service institutions’ as user satisfaction rank as the
most important mission. Needless to say, such libraries largely seek to fulfill the information
needs of students, faculty and researchers. A college library lends critical support to the parent
institution in the form of learning materials so that the established norms of education are
attained through fulfillment of the learning needs of users.
Degree College libraries supplement classroom teaching; promote scholarly orientation
among students while supporting the faculty in exploiting their research potential. The degree
college libraries in India, both located in urban and rural areas have undergone a lot of
transformation in recent times. They promote the academic scholarly interests of various user
groups by delivering a host of traditional and modern services through a mix of conventional
wisdom and technology. Today’s Degree college libraries do not limit themselves to the
delivery of information, but also contribute to the overall development of personality and
employability skills among students.
However, in view of the changing paradigms of work as well as the dynamic nature of the
information needs, periodic evaluation of library facilities and services is highly desirable to
ensure their effective functioning. As a time-tested tool, evaluation of the library information
delivery processes ensures their sustainability and productivity. The library facilities and
services in a typical Degree college is best performed, either by applying a user perceptioncentered criterion through a survey of faculty and students or, by methods analyzing the
circulation records, shelf availability studies, inter library loan statistics, citation studies and
other house-keeping services. This paper seeks to conduct a critical examination of user data
in select Degree colleges located in the territorial limits of Visakhapatnam city, which is
analyzed to determine vital parameters like user satisfaction and usage levels in relation to the

library resources. Also, it is intended to use the distinct outcomes of the study to put forward
suitable strategies and mechanism to effectively utilize their available library resources and
services.

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Dr. M. Doraswamy and V. Appalaswami Naidu

2. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY




The main objective of the study is to observe the usage levels of different print
resources such as text books, reference books, competitive books,
periodicals/magazines, dissertations/project reports, old question papers and
newspapers among postgraduate students.
To recommend concrete suggestions and recommendations to the concerned
authorities to improve the library resources based on the inputs collected from
postgraduate students.

3. HYPOTHESIS
The following hypothesis was formulated for testing:
 There won’t be any significant difference in the usage levels between users of
Government and Aided colleges; undergraduate and postgraduate students; and Arts
and Science students with regard to different library print resources.


4. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
The study examines the information usage pattern among users in Degree college libraries in
Visakhapatnam district of Andhra Pradesh. There are three categories of Degree colleges viz.,
Government, Aided and Un-aided colleges in Visakhapatnam. The researcher has selected
Government and Aided Colleges in first instance. Out of the 12 Government and 8 aided
Degree colleges in Visakhapatnam, the researcher has selected 3 government colleges and 3
aided colleges that offer both undergraduate and postgraduate programmes in the second
instance.
At present, there are 8123 (7427 UG students + 696 PG students) users in the above
selected degree colleges. Since the population is too large, a sample of 1485 (20% of the total
population) UG students and 278 (40% of the total population) PG students has been drawn
from the total population by simple random method. However, the investigator received
responses from 892 (60% of the sample) UG students and 208 (75% of the sample) PG
students only.

5. DATA ANALYSIS
After collecting the data from the users of degree colleges, the data is checked and analyzed
as per the objectives and hypotheses stated earlier. Firstly, the data is recorded on data sheets
and then fed manually into the computer. Then, the data is tested with various statistical tools
(Descriptive statistics and Chi-square test) by using the SPSS. If the observed frequency is
less than five in any cell of a row, then that row is merged with its adjacent row while
calculating the chi-square value. However, some of the calculations are done with the help of
a calculator. The data has been presented in the form of tables in the following paragraphs.

6. USAGE OF LIBRARY PRINT RESOURCES
The overall usage levels of various print resources, namely text books, reference books,
competitive books, periodicals/magazines, dissertations/project reports, old question papers
and newspapers by users and the ranking of degree colleges has been presented in the
following paragraphs.

The weightages of 4, 3, 2, and 1 are assigned to the responses of always, often,
sometimes, rarely and never used, respectively. The total weightages and mean weightages
are calculated for each college. A rank has been assigned to each college on the basis of the
mean weightage of the user’s responses.
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Utilization of Print Resources in Degree College Libraries in Visakhapatnam District: An Analytical Study

6.1. Text books
The distribution of users according to the usage level of textbooks is shown in Table 1.
Table 1 shows that majority of the users (48.82%) used textbooks always; 31 percent used
often; 11.64 percent used sometimes; 5.73 percent used rarely; and the remaining 2.82 percent
used never.
Table 1 Distribution of users with regard to the usage level of text books
Category
Programme
Discipline
Total
Govt.
Aided
UG
PG
Arts
Science
262
275

436
101
217
320
537
Always
(49.62)
(48.08)
(48.88)
(48.56)
(46.87)
(50.24)
(48.82)
146
195
281
60
145
196
341
Often
(27.65)
(34.09)
(31.50)
(28.85)
(31.32)
(30.77)
(31.00)
68
60

101
27
56
72
128
Sometimes
(12.88)
(10.49) (11.32 ) (12.98)
(12.09)
(11.30)
(11.64)
38
25
48
15
27
36
63
Rarely
(7.20)
(4.37)
(5.38)
(7.21)
(5.83)
(5.65)
(5.73)
14
17
26
05

18
13
31
Never
(2.65)
(2.97)
(2.92)
(2.40)
(3.89)
(2.04)
(2.82)
528
572
892
208
463
637
1100
Total
(100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00)
χ² (Govt.- Aided) : 9.0832
D: 4
TV: 9.488
NS @ 0.05 Level
χ² (UG – PG)
: 1.9287
D: 4
TV: 9.488
NS @ 0.05 Level
χ² (Arts – Science) : 4.0536

D: 4
TV: 9.488
NS @ 0.05 Level
Level of
usage

Based on χ² values shown in Table 1, no significant difference is found between the users
of government and aided colleges; undergraduate students and postgraduate students; and arts
and science students in the level of usage of text books. It is proved by the chi-square values,
which are not significant at 0.05 level with four degrees of freedom.

6.2. Ranking of Colleges Vs Usage Level of Text Books
The ranking of colleges in terms of the usage level of text books is shown in Table 2.
Table 2: Ranking of colleges in terms of the usage level of textbooks
S.No.
1
2
3
4
5
6

Name of the College
Dr. VSKGDC
AMALC
AVNC
STJCW
GDCN
VWGDC


Total Weightage
1026
480
565
785
199
435

Mean
Weightage
3.26
3.24
3.23
3.15
3.06
2.94

Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6

As shown in Table 2 the users of Dr. VSKGDC used the text books more than the other
degree college library users, finishing in the first rank among colleges. It is followed by the
library users of AMALC, AVNC, STJCW, GDCN and VWGDC in second, third, fourth, fifth
and sixth rank, respectively.


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Dr. M. Doraswamy and V. Appalaswami Naidu

6.3. Reference Books
The distribution of users according to the usage level of textbooks is shown in Table 3.
Table 3: Distribution of users with regard to the usage level of reference books
Level of
usage
Always
Often
Sometimes
Rarely
Never
TOTAL

Category
Govt.
Aided
69
87
(13.07)
(15.21)
70
95
(13.26 )

(16.61)
112
123
(21.21)
(21.50)
133
114
(25.19)
(19.93)
144
153
(27.27)
(26.75)
528
572
(100.00) (100.00)

χ² (Govt.- Aided) : 6.3641
χ² (UG – PG)
: 43.1815
χ² (Arts – Science): 29.7132

Programme
UG
PG
106
50
(11.88)
(24.04)
116

49
(13.01)
(23.56)
200
35
(22.42)
(16.83)
217
30
(24.33)
(14.42)
253
44
(28.36)
(21.15)
892
208
(100.00) (100.00)

D: 4
D: 4
D: 4

Discipline
Arts
Science
54
102
(11.66)
(16.01)

47
118
(10.15)
(18.53)
92
143
(19.87)
(22.45)
121
126
(26.14)
(19.78)
149
148
(32.18)
(23.23)
463
637
(100.00) (100.00)

TV: 9.488
TV: 9.488
TV: 9.488

Total
156
(14.18)
165
(15.00)
235

(21.36)
247
(22.45)
297
(27.00)
1100
(100.00)

NS @ 0.05 Level
Sig @ 0.05 Level
Sig @ 0.05 Level

Table 3 shows that 27.00% users never used reference books; 22.45 percent used rarely;
21.36 percent used sometimes; 15.00 percent used often; and the remaining 14.18 used
always.
Based on χ² values shown in Table 3, no significant difference is found between the users
of government and aided colleges in the usage of reference books. It is proved by the chisquare value, which is not significant at 0.05 level with four degrees of freedom. However,
there is a significant difference between the undergraduate and postgraduate students in this
regard. This means that postgraduate students used reference books more as compared to the
undergraduate students.
It is also evident from Table 3 that there is a significant difference between arts and
science students in the level of usage of reference books as evidenced by the chi-square value,
which is significant at the 0.05 level with four degrees of freedom. This means that science
students used reference books more as compared to arts students.

6.4. Ranking of Colleges Vs Usage Level of Reference Books
The ranking of colleges in terms of the usage levels of reference books is shown in table 4.
Table 4: Ranking of Colleges in terms of the usage levels of reference books
S.No.
1

2
3
4
5
6

Name of the College
STJCW
Dr.VSKGDC
AMALC
GDCN
AVNC
VWGDC

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Total Weightage
500
549
258
103
235
191

213

Mean
Weightage
2.01
1.74
1.74

1.58
1.34
1.29

Rank
1
2
2
3
4
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Utilization of Print Resources in Degree College Libraries in Visakhapatnam District: An Analytical Study

As shown in table 4, the users of STJCW used reference books better compared to other
degree college library users making the college get the first rank. It is followed by the users of
Dr. VSKGDC, AMALC, GDCN, AVNC, and VWGDC in the second, third, fourth, fifth and
sixth ranks, respectively.

6.5. Competitive Books
The distribution of users according to the usage level of competitive books is shown in Table
5.
Table 5: Distribution of Users as per the usage of level of competitive books
Category
Programme
Discipline
Total

Govt.
Aided
UG
PG
Arts
Science
111
144
186
66
108
144
252
Always
(21.02)
(24.65)
(20.85)
(31.73)
(23.33)
(22.60)
(22.91)
102
104
158
48
69
137
206
often
(19.32)

(18.18)
(17.71)
(23.08)
(14.90)
(21.51)
(18.73)
69
89
125
33
45
113
158
Sometimes
(13.07)
(15.56)
(14.02)
(15.86)
(9.72)
(17.74)
(14.36)
113
98
189
22
97
114
211
Rarely
(21.40)

(17.13) (21.19 ) (10.58)
(20.95)
(17.90)
(19.18)
133
140
234
39
144
129
273
Never
(25.19)
(24.48)
(26.23)
(18.75)
(31.10)
(20.25)
(24.82)
528
572
892
208
463
637
1100
Total
(100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00)
χ² (Govt.- Aided) : 5.6173
D: 4

TV: 9.488
NS @ 0.05 Level
χ² (UG – PG)
: 25.4145
D: 4
TV: 9.488
Sig @ 0.05 Level
χ² (Arts – Science) : 32.3345
D: 4
TV: 9.488
Sig @ 0.05 Level
Level of
usage

The Table 5 shows that 24.82% users never used competitive books; 22.91 percent used
always; 19.18 percent used rarely; 18.73 percent used often; and the remaining 14.36 percent
used sometimes.
Based on χ² values shown in Table 5, there is no significant difference between the users
of government and aided colleges in the level of usage of competitive books. It is proved by
the chi-square value, which is not significant at the 0.05 level with four degrees of freedom.
However, there is a significant difference in this regard between the undergraduate and
postgraduate students. This means that postgraduate students used competitive books more as
compared to the undergraduate students.
It is also evident from Table 5 that there is a significant difference between arts and
science students in the level of usage of competitive books as evidenced by the chi-square
value, which is significant at the 0.05 level with four degrees of freedom. This means that arts
students used competitive books more as compared to science students.

6.6. Ranking of Colleges Vs Usage Level of Competitive Books
The ranking of colleges in terms of the usage level of competitive books is shown in table 6.

Table 6: Ranking of Colleges as per the usage level of competitive books
S.No.

Name of the College

1
2

GDCN
AMALC

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Total
Weightage
149
308

214

Mean
Weightage
2.29
2.08

Rank
1
2





Dr. M. Doraswamy and V. Appalaswami Naidu
3
4
5
6

Dr. VSKGDC
AVNC
STJCW
VWGDC

632
349
495
220

2.01
1.99
1.99
1.49

3
4
4
5

As shown in table 6, the users of GDCN made more use of competitive books compared
to other college library users with the first rank among colleges. The library users of other
colleges i.e. AMALC, Dr. VSKGDC, AVNC, STJCW and VWGDC are placed in the second,

third, fourth, fifth and sixth ranks, respectively.

6.7. Periodicals/Magazines
The distribution of users according to the usage level of periodical/magazines is shown in
Table 7.
Table 7: Distribution of users as per the usage level of periodicals/magazines
Category
Programme
Discipline
Total
Govt.
Aided
UG
PG
Arts
Science
150
155
228
77
126
179
305
Always
(28.41)
(27.10)
(25.56)
(37.02)
(27.21)
(28.10)

(27.73)
115
105
169
51
88
132
220
often
(21.78)
(18.35)
(18.95)
(24.52)
(19.01)
(20.72)
(20.00)
101
72
139
34
66
107
173
Sometimes
(19.13) (12.59 ) (15.58)
(16.35)
(14.25)
(16.80)
(15.73)
64

56
101
19
41
79
120
Rarely
(12.12)
(9.79)
(11.32)
(9.13)
(8.86)
(12.40)
(10.91)
98
184
255
27
142
140
282
Never
(18.56)
(32.17)
(28.59)
(12.98)
(30.67)
(21.98)
(25.64)
528

572
892
208
463
637
1100
Total
(100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00)
χ² (Govt.- Aided) : 30.4468
D: 4
TV: 9.488
Sig. @ 0.05 Level
χ² (UG – PG)
: 27.4345
D: 4
TV: 9.488
Sig. @ 0.05 Level
χ² (Arts – Science) : 12.5649
D: 4
TV: 9.488
Sig. @ 0.05 Level
Level of
usage

Table 7 shows that 27.73% users used periodicals/magazines always; 25.64 percent used
never; 20.00 percent used often; 15.73 percent used sometimes; and the remaining 10.91
percent used rarely.
Based on χ² values shown in Table 7, there are significant differences are found between
the users of government and aided colleges; undergraduate students and postgraduate
students; and arts and science students in the level of usage of periodicals/magazines. It is

proved by the chi-square values, which are significant at the 0.05 level with four degrees of
freedom. This means that the government college users used periodicals/magazines better
than the users of aided colleges, while postgraduate students used them more compared to the
undergraduate students. Also, science students used the periodicals/magazines better than arts
students.

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Utilization of Print Resources in Degree College Libraries in Visakhapatnam District: An Analytical Study

6.8. Ranking of Colleges Vs Usage Level of Periodicals/Magazines
The ranking of colleges in terms of the usage levels of periodicals/magazines is shown in
table 8.
Table 8: Ranking of Colleges in terms of usage levels of Periodicals /Magazines
S.No.
1
2
3
4
5
6

Name of the College
VWGDC
GDCN
Dr.VSKGDC

STJCW
AVNC
AMALC

Total
Weightage
362
148
701
498
346
291

Mean Weightage

Rank

2.45
2.28
2.23
2.00
1.98
1.97

1
2
3
4
5
6


As shown in table 8, the users of VWGDC used the periodicals/magazines more than the
other degree college library users making the college get the first rank. It is followed by the
library users of GDCN, Dr. VSKGDC, STJCW, AVNC and AMALC in second, third, fourth,
fifth and sixth ranks, respectively.

6.9. Dissertations/Project Reports
The distribution of users according to the usage levels of dissertations/project reports is
shown in Table 9.
Table 9: Distribution of users as per the usage level of dissertations/project reports
Category
Programme
Discipline
Total
Govt.
Aided
UG
PG
Arts
Science
17
3
14
6
13
7
20
Always
(3.22)
(0.52)

(1.57)
(2.88)
(2.81)
(1.10)
(1.82)
32
29
35
26
29
32
61
often
(6.06)
(5.07)
(3.92)
(12.50)
(6.26)
(5.02)
(5.55)
47
72
46
73
43
76
119
Sometimes
(8.90)
(12.59)

(5.16)
(35.10)
(9.29)
(11.93)
(10.82)
51
97
70
78
65
87
148
Rarely
(9.66)
(16.76)
(7.85)
(37.50)
(13.17)
(13.66)
(13.45)
381
371
727
25
317
435
752
Never
(72.16)
(64.86)

(81.50)
(12.02)
(68.47)
(68.29)
(68.36)
528
572
892
208
463
637
1100
Total
(100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00)
χ² (Govt.- Aided) : 27.9146
D: 4
TV: 9.488
Sig. @ 0.05 Level
χ² (UG – PG)
: 393.0713
D: 4
TV: 9.488
Sig. @ 0.05 Level
χ² (Arts – Science) : 6.8296
D: 4
TV: 9.488
Sig. @ 0.05 Level
Level of
usage


Table 9 shows that majority of the users (68.36%) never used dissertations/ project
reports; 13.45 percent used rarely; 10.82 percent used sometimes; 5.55 percent used often;
and the remaining 1.82 percent used always.
Based on χ² values in Table 9, there are significant differences between the users of
government and aided colleges; undergraduate and postgraduate students; and arts and science
students in the level of usage of dissertations/project reports. It is proved by the chi-square
values, which are significant at the 0.05 level with four degrees of freedom. This means that
government college users used dissertations/project reports more than the users of aided

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Dr. M. Doraswamy and V. Appalaswami Naidu

colleges, while postgraduate students used dissertations/project reports more than the
undergraduate students. Also, arts students used the dissertations/project reports better than
the science students.

6.10. Ranking of Colleges Vs Usage Level of Dissertations/Project Reports
The ranking of colleges in terms of the usage level of dissertations/project reports is shown in
Table 10.
Table 10: Ranking of Colleges as per the usage level of Dissertations/Project Reports
S.No.

Name of the College

1

2
3
4
5
6

GDCN
AMALC
STJCW
VWGDC
AVNC
Dr.VSKGDC

Total Weightage
74
104
147
83
89
152

Mean
Weightage
1.14
0.70
0.59
0.56
0.51
0.48


Rank
1
2
3
4
5
6

As shown in table 10, the users of GDCN used the dissertations/project reports more as
compared to other degree college library users and got the first rank. It is followed by the
library users of AMALC, STJCW, VWGDC, AVNC and Dr.VSKGDC in second, third,
fourth, fifth and sixth ranks, respectively.

6.11. Old Question Papers
The distribution of users according to the usage level of old question papers is shown in Table
11.
Table 11: Distribution of users as per the usage level of old question papers
Category
Programme
Discipline
Total
Govt.
Aided
UG
PG
Arts
Science
24
23
38

09
12
35
Always
47 (4.27)
(4.55)
(4.02)
(4.26)
(4.33)
(2.59)
(5.50)
80
77
118
39
52
105
157
often
(15.15)
(13.46)
(13.23)
(18.75)
(11.23)
(16.48)
(14.27)
214
233
361
86

176
271
447
Sometimes
(40.53)
(40.74)
(40.47)
(41.35)
(38.02)
(42.54)
(40.64)
94
102
153
43
64
132
196
Rarely
(17.80)
(17.83)
(17.15)
(20.67)
(13.82)
(20.72)
(17.82)
116
137
222
31

159
94
253
Never
(21.97)
(23.95)
(24.89)
(14.90)
(34.34)
(14.76)
(23.00)
528
572
892
208
463
637
1100
Total
(100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00)
(100.00)
χ² (Govt.- Aided) : 1.1977
D: 4
TV: 9.488
NS @ 0.05 Level
χ² (UG – PG)
: 12.1195
D: 4
TV: 9.488
Sig. @ 0.05 Level

χ² (Arts – Science) : 63.6988
D: 4
TV: 9.488
Sig. @ 0.05 Level
Level of
usage

Table 11 shows that 40.64% users used old question papers sometimes; 23.00 percent
used never; 17.82 percent used rarely; 14.27 percent used often; and the remaining 4.27
percent used always.

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217




Utilization of Print Resources in Degree College Libraries in Visakhapatnam District: An Analytical Study

Based on χ² values shown in Table 11, there is no significant difference between the users
of government and aided colleges in the level of usage of old question papers. It is proved by
the chi-square values, which is not significant at the 0.05 level with four degrees of freedom.
However, there is a significant difference between the undergraduate and postgraduate
students in this regard. This means that postgraduate students used old question papers more
as compared to the undergraduate students.
It is also evident from Table 11 that there is a significant difference between the arts and
science students in the level of usage of old question papers as evidenced by the chi-square
value, which is significant at the 0.05 level with four degrees of freedom. This means that
science students used old question papers more as compared to arts students.


6.12. Ranking of Colleges Vs Usage Level of Old Question Papers
The ranking of colleges in terms of the usage levels of old question papers is shown in Table
12.
Table 12: Ranking of Colleges in terms of the usage levels of Old Question Papers
S.No.
1
2
3
4
5
6

Name of the College
Dr.VSKGDC
AMALC
STJCW
VWGDC
AVNC
GDCN

Total Weightage
537
238
400
237
253
84

Mean Weightage
1.70

1.61
1.61
1.60
1.45
1.29

Rank
1
2
2
3
4
5

As shown in table 12, the users of Dr. VSKGDC used the old question papers more as
compared to other degree college library users and got the first rank. It is followed by the
library users of AMALC, STJCW, VWGDC, AVNC and GDCN in the second, third, fourth,
fifth and sixth ranks, respectively.

6.13. News Papers
The distribution of users according to the usage levels of news papers is shown in Table 13
Table 13: Distribution of users with regard to the usage level of News Papers
Category
Govt.
Aided
213
148
Always
(40.34 ) (25.88)
173

243
often
(32.77)
(42.48)
75
89
Sometimes
(14.20)
(15.56)
34
42
Rarely
(6.44)
(7.34)
33
50
Never
(6.25)
(8.74)
528
572
Total
(100.00) (100.00)
χ² (Govt.- Aided) : 27.2853
χ² (UG – PG)
: 16.4134
χ² (Arts – Science) : 34.5534
Level of
usage


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Programme
Discipline
Total
UG
PG
Arts
Science
314
47
182
179
361
(35.20)
(22.59)
(39.31)
(28.10)
(32.82)
328
88
150
266
416
(36.77)
(42.31)
(32.40)
(41.76)
(37.82)
125
39

55
109
164
(14.01)
(18.75)
(11.88)
(17.11)
(14.91)
55
21
26
50
76
(6.17)
(10.10)
(5.61)
(7.85)
(6.91)
70
13
50
33
83
(7.85)
(6.25)
(10.80)
(5.18)
(7.55)
892
208

463
637
1100
(100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00) (100.00)
D: 4
TV: 9.488
Sig. @ 0.05 Level
D: 4
TV: 9.488
Sig. @ 0.05 Level
D: 4
TV: 9.488
Sig. @ 0.05 Level

218




Dr. M. Doraswamy and V. Appalaswami Naidu

Table 13 shows that 37.82% users used news papers often; 32.82 percent used always;
14.91 percent used sometimes; 7.55 percent used never; and the remaining 6.91 percent used
rarely.
Based on χ² values shown in Table 13, there are significant differences between the users
of government and aided colleges; undergraduate and postgraduate students; and arts and
science students in the level of usage of news papers. It is proved by the chi-square values,
which are significant at the 0.05 level with four degrees of freedom. This means that
government college users used news papers more as compared to the aided college users,
while undergraduate students used news papers more as compared to postgraduate students.

Also, arts students used the news papers more as compared to science students.

6.14. Ranking of Colleges Vs Usage Level of Newspapers
The ranking of colleges in terms of the usage levels of news papers is shown in Table 14.
Table 14: Ranking of colleges in terms of the usage levels of News Papers
S.No.
1
2
3
4
5
6

Name of the College
VWGDC
GDCN
Dr.VSKGDC
AVNC
AMALC
STJCW

Total Weightage
441
194
920
504
349
688

Mean Weightage

2.98
2.98
2.92
2.88
2.36
2.76

Rank
1
1
2
3
4
5

As shown in table 14, the users of VWGDC used the news papers more as compared to
other degree college library users and got the first rank. It is followed by the library users of
GDCN, Dr. VSKGDC, AVNC, AMALC and STJCW in the second, third, fourth, fifth and
sixth ranks, respectively.

7. CONCLUSION AND SUGGESTION
It can be concluded from the above mentioned results that the postgraduate students used
more number of reference books, competitive books, periodicals/magazines,
dissertations/project reports and old question papers as compared to undergraduate students.
The undergraduate students used more number of news papers as compared to postgraduate
students. However, no significant difference is noticed between the undergraduate students
and post graduate students in the use of text books. Arts students are seen using more number
of competitive books, dissertations/project reports and newspapers as compared to science
students, while science students used more number of reference books, periodicals/magazines
and old question papers than arts students. But, no significant difference is noticed between

the arts and science students in the use of text books. The users from Government colleges are
seen using more number of periodicals/magazines, dissertations/project reports and
newspapers as compared to aided college users. In fact, no significant difference is noticed
between the users of government and aided colleges in the use of text books, reference books,
competitive books and old question papers. Hence, it is suggested that the authorities of the
surveyed colleges should conduct more orientation programmes for their library users at
periodical intervals to promote effective and optimal use of their library resources.

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219




Utilization of Print Resources in Degree College Libraries in Visakhapatnam District: An Analytical Study

ABBREVIATIONS
AMALC
: Anakapalli Merchant’s Association Lingamurthy College
AVNC
: Ankitham Venkata Narasingarao College
Dr. VSKGDC : Dr. Vasireddy Sri Krishna Government Degree College
GDCN
: Government Degree College, Narsipatnam
STJCW
: St. Josheph’s College for Women
VWGDC
: Visakha Women Government Degree College
Govt.
: Government

PG
: Postgraduate
UG
: Undergradaute

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