UNIT 6: GENDER EQUALITY
PART I. LANGUAGE FOCUS
1. Vocabulary
equal (adj): bình đẳng
equality (n): sự bình đẳng
gender (n): giới tính
discriminate (v): phân biệt
discrimination (n): sự phân biệt
slightly (adv): một chút
eliminate (v): loại bỏ
enrol (v): đăng ký
enrolment (n): sự/số lượng đăng ký
pursue (v): theo đuổi
sue (v): kiện ai ra tòa
limitation (n): sự hạn chế
loneliness (n): sự cô đơn
preference (n): sự ưu tiên
employment (n): việc làm
firefighter (n): lính cứu hỏa
co-worker (n): đồng nghiệp
courage (n): lòng dũng cảm
encourage (v): khuyến khích
talkative (adj): hay nói
wage (n): tiền công
qualified (adj): đủ điều kiện
income (n): thu nhập
educator (n): người thầy
domestic (adj): trong gia đình
responsibility (n): trách nhiệm
mature (v): làm cho chín chắn
knowledgeable (adj): am hiểu

considerable /kan'sidarabl/ (adj): đáng kể = remarkable
progress (n): sự tiến bộ
workforce (n): nguồn nhân lực = labor force
challenge (n): thách thức
caretaker (n): người chăm sóc người khác tại nhà (= caregiver)
housekeeper (n): người dọn phòng, người giúp viêc,quản gia
opportunity (n): cơ hội
obesity (n): sự béo phì
2. Grammar
The pasive voice with modals: câu bị động với động từ tình thái (khuyết thiếu)
2.1. Form: modals +be + Past Participle
E.g: He might be fired
(Anh ấy có thể bị sa thải)
This dress must be cleaned carefully
(Cái váy này cần phải được giặt cẩn thận)
*) NOTE:
+ Modals (động từ tình thái): can, could, may, might, will, would, must, shall, should, ought to ...
+ Past participle (quá khứ phân từ): nếu là động từ có quy tắc ta thêm -ed vào động từ (V-ed), nếu là
động từ bất quy tắc ta xem ở cột thứ 3 trong bảng động từ bất quy tắc (V3)
e.g: It will be decorated. (V-ed)


It could be spoken. (V-3)
2.2. Use:
+ Chúng ta dùng câu bị động khi chúng ta muốn nhấn mạnh đối tương chịu tác động của hành động
hoặc không muốn đề cập đến đối tượng gây ra hành động.
E.g: Information can be stored in hard disk.
(Thông tin có thể được lưu trữ trong ổ cứng)
Document could be sent via e-mail.
(Tài liệu có thể được gửi qua e-mail)

3. Pronunciation
Stress in two-syllable words: trọng âm trong từ gồm 2 âm tiết
3.1. Động từ có 2 âm tiết: vể cơ bản trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 2
Listen and repeat (Track 22):
mspire, divide, begin, relax, reveal, employ, enjoy, deny
Ngoại lệ: có một số ít động từ có 2 âm tiết mà trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất
Listen and repeat (Track 23):
follow, answer, visit, happen
3.2. Danh từ có 2 âm tiết: về cơ bản trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ 1
Listen and repeat (Track 24):
freedom, children, workforce, hobby, healthcare, labor, people standard
Ngoại lệ: có một số ít danh từ có 2 âm tiết mà trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai
Listen and repeat (Track 25):
mistake, advice, machine, embrace
3.3. Tính từ có 2 âm tiết: về cơ bản trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ nhất
Listen and repeat (Track 26):
basic, busy, bulky, pretty, easy, major, handsome, famous
Ngoại lệ: có một số ít tính từ có 2 âm tiết mà trọng âm rơi vào âm tiết thứ hai
Listen and repeat (Track 27):
alone, asleep, alive, correct
PART II. PRACTICE
1. Listen, repeat and choose the word you hear with a different stress pattern from the others.
(Track 28)
1. A. pursue
B. enrol
C. equal
D. repeat
2. A. lonely B. alone
C. major
D. famous

3. A. income
B. workforce C. nature
D. mature
4. A. knowledge
B. challenge C. enjoy
D. labor
5. A. pretty B. freedom C. happen D. begin
2. Give the correct form of the verb in brackets.
1. A new monitor will be selected (will/select) by the members of the class next semester.
2. Information can be found (can/find) due to the aid of the Internet.
3. If you want your car to be in good condition, it must be serviced (must/service) frequently.
4. Students should not be given (not/should/give) everything about the subjects by their lecturers.
They need to be creative and discover new knowledge.
5. This house must be sold (must/sell) within 2 months.
6. When people have experienced something terrible, funny things can be done (can/do).
7. A valid work permit must be held (must/hold) by all employees.
8. Advice from the experts should be taken (should/take) by the government before making the new
law.
9. Cultural differences ought to be considered (ought to/consider) by companies when engaging in
business with overseas organizations.
10. Some changes to our lives must be made (must/ make) if we want to reduce pollution.
3. Complete the following sentences.


1. He often hands in his assignment 10 days earlier so that it can be marked carefully.
2. If everyone fights against domestic violence, gender discrimination will be got rid of.
3. On riding, cycle helmets must be put on.
4. Without permission from the headmaster, no car or motorbike may be driven within the school
grounds.
5. In case of being attacked by hackers, a Facebook account can be used for illigal purposes.

4. Find and correct mistakes in the following sentences.
1. Any kind of violence must not be allow at school. (allowed)
2. These medicines must keep out of children’s reach. (be kept)
3. The instructions must follow strictly by the students. (be followed)
4. In the case of a pupil being absent from school, messages can leave on the answering machine
before 7.30 a.m. (be left)
5. These pills must not take if you are under twelve years old. (be taken)
PART III: TEST YOURSELF
1. Gap-filling: Choose the suitable words from the box to complete the sentences.
2. discrimination
3. forced
10. remarkable
5. preference
9. domestic
4. eliminate
8. sue
1. slightly
6. pursue
7. courage
1. The oil price has ___________ increased this year.
2. According to some psychological experts, the fact that women have to work more than men at
home is one of the signs of gender ______________.
3. In Africa, many girls desire to study but they are __________ to leave schools because of poverty.
4. In order to _________ hunger and poverty so that many citizens have better lives, the government
should act urgently and strictly.
5. It is said that there is gender _________ in favor of boys in recruitment in the police and army
forces.
6. She had to struggle and overcome criticism to _________ her dream.
7. Success comes to those who have enough _________ and will.
8. Linda decided to __________ that man for causing accident because she believed that he

deserved to be punished.
9. When the children see how their parents work hard to support the families and share
____________ responsibilities, they will try to study harder.
10. French are famous for being romantic and France is well known for having made a _______
progress in gender equality.
2. Match each word/phrase on the left with its description on the right.
1. eliminate + b
a. liking to talk a lot
2. courage + e
b. to remove or get rid of something/somebody
3. talkative + a
c. connected with the home or family
4. domestic + c
d. great in amount, size, importance, etc.
5. considerable + d
e. the ability to do something dangerous without showing fear
3. Word formation: Give the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. She faced _________ because she not only had few friends but also was unwelcomed in that area.
(lonely) - loneliness
2. That a women becomes a ______ has ever been considered to be weird, as people have assumed
that this job is only for men. (firefight) firefighter
3. Although she was aware of gender ________ in favor of boys, she applied for that position. (prefer)
preference


4. This university is ranked as one the most successful institutions which have made ________
progress in gender equality. (consider) considerable
5. In order to eliminate gender inequality, domestic __________ need to be shared by both husbands
and wives, (responsible) responsibilities
6. The number of female _________ has increased sharply for the past few years. (enroll)

enrollments
7. My uncle is very _________ about rhinos. He has studied about them for a long time. (knowledge)
knowledgeable
8. By knowing their children’s strengths and ______ parents can find appropriate strategies to
educate them. (weak) weaknesses
9. She contributed to the formation of an _______ for female pilots, gave advice to women on careers
and helped inspire others. (organize) organization
10. Even today, her life and career remain __________ to many people. (fascinate) fascinating
4. Choose the best answer.
1. In some companies, it is suggested that female officers should be supported by their male coworkers. The underlined word has the closest meaning to:
A. colleges
B. colleagues
C. villages
D. collectors
2. Paul: “I suppose that working mothers are good educators for their children.” - Kate: “_____”
A. I agree with you. They know little about educating.
B. I couldn’t agree more. They are able to teach their children at home.
C. That’s true. They don’t know how to teach their children.
D. Because educators are teachers.
3. In order to be ______ for this position, candidates must have not only an MA degree but also work
experience.
A. qualify
B. quality
C. qualified
D. qualification
4. Taking part in social activities and interacting with different cultures widen their knowledge and
gradually ______ them.
A.
nature B. mature
C. future

D. picture
5. “The protesters couldn’t persuade the president to change the law.” has the closest meaning to:
A. The president couldn’t be persuaded to change the laws.
B. The president couldn’t persuaded to change the laws.
C. The president couldn’t be persuade to change the laws.
D. The president couldn’t persuade to change the laws.
6. The afternoon meeting _______ because three of the five committee members are unable to
attend.
A. might postpone B. might postponed C. might be postpone
D. might be postponed
7. Dental appointments _______ so as not to conflict with school commitments.
A. should be arranged B. should not be arranged C. should be arrange
D. should not arrange
8. This beer can be served ________ beefsteak.
A.
from B. by
C. with
D. as
9. Many parents think that fast food ________ in schools.
A should not sold B. should not be sell C. should be not sold
D. should not be sold
10. Jenny and Jim have been looking for a caretaker to look after their parents who are both old and
sick in their house. The underlined word has the closest meaning to:
A. test taker
B. caregiver
C. test giver
D. checker
11. Modules ________ in the minimum amount of time.
A. cannot always be
completed B. cannot be completed always

C. can always be not
completed D. can be not always completed
12. The return of assignment, exams and final grades _______ by lecturers’ time.
A. could affected
B. could be affected C. could
affect D. could be affect
13. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. accept
B. inspire
C. reveal
D. workforce


14. A Study Guide __________ by all Independent Study students.
A. must be purchase
B. must purchased C. must be purchased
D. must purchase
15. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. pursue
B. courage
C. hobby
D. standard
16. Both gender should be provided _______ equal rights to education, employment and healthcare.
A. from
B.
by
C. with
D. on
17. Choose the answer which needs correcting.
Students enrolling (A) for the (B) first time will be charge (C) 9 dollars per (D) course.

18. Choose the answer which needs correcting.
Any bicycles brought (A) onto school (B) grounds should clearly label (C) with the owner’s (D)
name.
19. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. bulky
B. handsome
C. employ
D. basic
20. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. machine
B.
answer
C
. mistake
D. alone
5. Rearrange the words/phrases to make meaningful sentences.
1. equality / essay / An / gender / on / be / written / must / by / student. / each
An essay on gender equality must be written by each student.
2. processed / will / When / these / files /be/?
When will these files be processed?
3. A/ course / finished / must / in / a / maximum / be / of / weeks. / four
A course must be finished in a maximum of four weeks.
4. serious / Obesity / be / health / considered / be / to / a / problem / can
Obesity can be considered to be a serious health problem.
5. achievements / in / information / technology / and /will / made /be/ scientists. / More / by
More achievements in information and technology will be made by scientists.
6. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Secretary-General's Message for 2015
Twenty years ago, when the world convened a landmark conference on women's human right,
the devastating conflict in the former Yugoslavia prompted desserved attention to rape and other war

crimes there against civilians. Two decades later, with girls as young as seven not only targeted but
used as weapons _________ (1). violent extremists, it would be easy to lose heart about the value of
international gatherings. But while we have a long way to go to achieve full equality - with ending
gender-based violence a central goal - progress ________ (2) has proven the enduring value of the
1995 Beijing Conference on Women.
Since the adoption of its Declaration and Platform for Action, more girls have attained more
________ (3) to more education than ever before. The number of women dying in childbirth has been
almost halved. More women are leading businesses, Governments and global organizations. I
welcome these advances. At the same time, on this International Women’s Day, we must
__________ (4) that the gains have been too slow and uneven and that we must do far more to
accelerate progress everywhere.
The world must come together in response to the targeting of women and girls by violent
extremists. From Nigeria and Somalia to Syria and Iraq, the bodies of women have been transformed
into battlegrounds for warriors carrying out specific and systematic strategies, often on the basis of
ethnicity or religion. Women have been attacked for trying to exercise their right to education and
basic services; they have been raped and turned into sex slaves; they have been given as prizes to
fighters, or traded among extremist groups in trafficking networks. Doctors, nurses and others
________(5) for trying to operate in their professional capacity. The women human rights defenders
brave enough to challenge such atrocities risk - and sometimes lose - their lives for the cause.


We must take a clear global stance against this total assault on women’s human rights. The
international community needs to translate its outrage into __________ (6) action, including
humanitarian aid, psychosocial services, support for livelihoods and efforts to bring perpetrators to
justice. With women and girls often the first targets of attack, their rights must be at the centre of our
strategy to address this staggering and growing ________ (7). Empowered women and girls are the
best hope for sustainable development following conflict. They are the best drivers of growth, the
best hope for reconciliation and the best buffer against radicalization of youth and the repetition of
cycles of violence.
Even in societies at peace, too many girls and women are still _________ (8) of domestic

abuse, female genital mutilation and other forms of violence that traumatize individuals and damage
whole societies. Discrimination remains a thick barrier that _______ (9). We need to expand
opportunities in politics, business and beyond. We need to change mind-sets, especially among men,
and engage men in becoming active change-agents themselves. And we must back up our resolve
with resources based on the sure understanding that investments in gender equality generate
economic progress, social and political inclusion and other benefits that, in turn, foster stability and
human dignity.
This is a vital year for advancing the cause of women’s human rights. The international
community is hard at work on establishing a new sustainable development agenda that will build on
the Millennium Development Goals and shape policies and social investments for the next
generation. To be truly _______ (10), the post-2015 development agenda must prioritize gender
equality and women’s empowerment. The world will never realize 100 per cent of its goals if 50 per
cent of its people cannot realize their full potential. When we unleash the power of women, we can
secure the future for all.
Ban Ki-moon
1. A. by
B
. on C
. over D. through
2. A. past two decades
ago B. over the past two decades
C. last two decades
ago D. over the past two decade
3. A. acceptB. stress
C. access
D. actress
4. A. acknowledge B. acknowledged C. knowledge
D. knowledgeable
5. A. have assassinated
B. have been assassinating

C. have been assassinate
D. have been assassinated
6. A. mean
B. meaning
C. meaningful
D. meaningless
7. A. fortunate
B. challenged
C. challenge
D. opportunities
8. A. targets
B. budget
C. forgets
D. regrets
9. A. must shatter B. must be shattered C. must shattered
D. must be shatter
10. A transform
B. transforms
C. transformative
D. transformation

UNIT 7: CULTURAL DIVERSITY
PART I. LANGUAGE FOCUS
1. Vocabulary
diversity (n): sự đa dạng
cultural (adj): thuộc về văn hóa
wedding (n): lễ cưới
similarity (n): sự tương đồng
ceremony (n): buổi lễ
proposal (n): sự cầu hôn

engagement (n): sự đính hôn


complicated (adj): phức tạp
bride (n): cô dâu
groom (n): chú rể = bridegroom
bridesmaid (n): phù dâu
best man (n): phù rể = groomsman
unnecessary (adj): không cần thiết
expense (n): chi phi
reception (n): tiệc chiêu đãi
big day = wedding day: ngày cưới
honeymoon (n): tuần trăng mật
favourable (adj): thuận lợi
altar (n): bàn thờ
ancestor (n): ông bà, tổ tiên
superstition (n): tín ngưỡng, sự mê tín
superstitious (adj): mê tín
mystery (n): điều huyền bí
mysterious (adj): huyền bí
legend (n): truyền thuyết
ritual (n): lễ nghi
prestigious (adj): có uy tín
soul (n): linh hồn
venture (n): dự án
fork (n) cái dĩa
clover (n): cỏ ba lá
magpie (n): chim chích chòe
samovar (n): ấm đun trà (của Nga)
dumpling (n): bánh bao

beetroot (n): củ cải đường
filling (n): món thịt nhồi
figure skating (n): môn trượt băng nghệ thuật
scatter (v): tung, rải
wrestling (n): môn đấu vật
newly-wed (n): người vừa mới lập gia đình
decent (adj): kha khá
prosperous (adj): thịnh vượng
self-reliance (n): sự tự lực
2. Grammar
2.1. Comparative and superlative adjectives (Tính từ so sánh hơn và so sánh nhât)
2.1.1. Form:
+ Với tính từ gồm 1 âm tiết: hard, cold, short, smart ... 
So sánh hơn: adjective + er
e.g. This ruler is shorter than that one.
(Cái thước này ngắn hơn cái thước kia)
So sánh nhất: the + adjective + est
e.g. This is the shortest ruler.
(Đây là cái thước ngắn nhất)
+ Với tính từ gồm 1 âm tiết tận cùng là -e: nice, fine, wide ...
So
sánh hơn: adjective + -r e.g. Her bag is nicer than yours.
(Túi của chị ấy đẹp hơn túi của cô)
So sánh nhất: the + adjective + -st
e.g. That is the nicest bag.
(Đó là cái túi đẹp nhất)
Với tính từ gồm 1 âm tiết tận cùng là 1 nguyên âm đơn + 1 phụ âm đơn: hot, fat, thin ...
So sánh hơn: adjective(gấp đôi phụ âm cuối) + -er e.g. The black cat is fatter than the white one.
(Con mèo đen béo hơn con mèo trâng)



So sánh nhất: the + adjective(gấp đôi phụ âm cuối) + -est e.g. It is the fattest cat.
(Nó là con mèo béo nhất)
Với tính từ gồm 2 âm tiết tận cùng là -y: happy, noisy, busy ..
So
sánh hơn: adjective (bỏ -y) + -ier e.g. Linda is happier than Mary.
(Linda hạnh phúc hơn Mary)
So sánh nhất: the + adjective(bỏ -y) + -iest e g. This is the happiest wife.
(Đây là người vợ hạnh phúc nhất)
Với tính từ gồm 2 âm tiết trở lên: active, beautiful, expensive, dangerous ....
So sánh hơn: more + adjective
e g. Driving a motorbike is more dangerous than riding a bicycle .
(Đi xe máy thì nguy hiểm hơn đi xe đọp)
So sánh nhất: the + most + adjective
e.g. That is the most dangerous action.
(Đó là hành động nguy hiểm nhát)
Ngoại lệ: Một số tính từ so sánh hơn và so sánh nhất không theo các quy tắc trên: good, bad, far,
many, much, little ....
So sánh hơn: good --> better, bad --> worse, far --> further/ farther, many/much --> more, little -->
less ...
e.g. His speaking is better than his writing .
(Phần nói của anh ấy tốt hơn phần viết)
So sánh nhất: good —> the best, bad —> the worst, far —»the furthest/farthest, many/ much —> the
most, little —> the least...
E.g: His speaking is the best of the four skills.
(Phần nói của anh ấy là tốt nhất trong bốn kỹ năng)
*)Notes:
Ta có thể dùng: slightly, far, by far, a lot, much, significantly ... để nhấn mạnh cho so sánh hơn
hoặc so sánh nhất.
e.g. This house is much bigger than that one.

(Ngôi nhà này lớn hơn ngôi nhà kia nhiều)
Để diễn tả kém ... hơn, kém... nhất ta dùng: less + adjective the least + adjective
This is the least safe place.
(Đây là nơi kém an toàn nhất)
2.1.2. Use:
*) Tính từ so sánh hơn được dùng để:
+ So sánh 2 đối tượng hoặc nhóm đổi tượng(ngườỉ, vật, nơi chốn) với nhau.
e.g. Peter is stronger than Linda.
(Peter khỏe hơn Linda)
First year students are younger than third year students.
(Các bạn sinh viên năm thứ nhất thì trẻ hơn các bạn sinh viên năm thứ 3)
So sánh cùng một người, vật, nơi chốn ở hai thời điểm khác nhau.
e.g. This item is more expensive (this year) than it was last year.
(Mặt hàng này đắt hơn năm ngoái)
*) Note:
Chúng ta có thể bỏ mệnh đề “than” nếu ta rõ đối tượng được so sánh.
e.g. There are 20 boys and 20 girls in this class. The boys are more active (than the girls are).
(Có 20 bạn nam và 20 bạn nữ trong lớp này. Các bạn nam thì năng động hơn)
*) Tính từ so sánh nhất được dùng để:
So sánh 1 đối tượng trong nhóm (người, vật, nơi chốn, thời điểm) với các đối tượng còn lại.
e.g: Peter is the strongest of the 6 students.
(Trong 6 học sinh, Peter là người khỏe nhất)
This is the cheapest hotel in this area.
(Đây là khách sạn rẻ nhất trong khu vực này)


Spring is the most pleasant season (of the four).
(Mùa xuân là mùa dễ chịu nhất trong bốn mùa)
*) Note:
So sánh nhất còn có thể dùng với số thứ tự, one of the, some of the, tính từ sở hữu ...

e.g. He is my best friend.
(Anh ấy là bạn tốt nhất của tôi)
Tom was the second best in that contest.
(Tom đứng thứ 2 trong cuộc thi đó)
2.2. Articles: mạo từ (a/an/the)
2.2.1. A/an:
Chúng ta dùng a/an trước danh từ đếm được số ít, được nhắc đến lần đầu, khi người nghe, người
đọc chưa rõ về nó. Đó là lí do ta gọi a/an là mạo từ bất định (chưa biết rõ).
E.g: She has bought a cat recently.
(Gần đây chị ấy có mua 1 con mèo)
Today I am going to talk about a change in our company.
(Hôm nay tôi sẽ nói về 1 thay đổi trong công ty chúng ta)
+ Chúng ta dùng a/an trước 1 nghề nghiệp của ai đó
He is an actor.
(Chú ấy là một diễn viên)
2.2.2. The:
+ Chúng ta dùng mạo từ “the” trước danh từ được nhắc lại hoặc danh từ mà người đọc, người nghe
đã hiểu rõ. Đó là lí do ta gọi “the” là mạo từ xác định (đã biết rõ).
e.g. Nam is talking to a teacher from England. The teacher is holding some books.
(Nam đang nói chuyện với một giáo viên đến từ Anh. Vị giáo viên đó cầm trên tay mấy quyển sách).
The singer seemed to be shy.
(Ca sĩ đó có vẻ xấu hổ)
Chúng ta dùng mạo từ “the” với so sánh nhất.
e.g. It is the biggest city.
(Nó là thành phố lớn nhất)
Chúng ta dùng mạo từ “the” trước những thứ duy nhất: the earth, the moon, the sun, the
Government, the Prime Minister ...
e.g. The sun rises in the east.
(Mặt trời mọc ở phía đông)
*) Note: Chúng ta không dùng mạo từ “the” trước các danh từ riêng: Mary, David, Vietnam, England.

New York ... 
3. Pronunciation
Stress in two-syllable words with the same spelling: trọng âm trong từ gồm 2 âm tiết viết giống nhau
Có một số từ thay đối trọng âm khi trở thành từ loại khác
e g. They present every day.
- pre'sent (v): thuyết trình
He received a present.
- 'present (n): món quà
I record my voice.
- re'cord (v): thu âm
I set a record.
- 'record (n): kỉ lục
PART II. PRACTICE
1. Listen, repeat each sentence and choose the word you hear. (Track 30)
1. A. pre'sent
B. 'present
2. A. re'cord
B. 'record
3. A. con'duct
B. 'conduct
4. A. con'tract
B. 'contract
5. A. pro'test
B. 'protest
2. Complete the sentences by using comparative or superlative adjectives.
1. Antarctica is _________ (cold) than Africa. colder


2. Taman Negara National Park in Malaysia is the ____________ (old) rainforest in the world. oldest
3. Germany was _________ (successful) in winning medals than Japan. more successful

4. The Atlantic ocean is _______ (wide) than the Mediterranean. wider
5. Northern provinces are a bit __________ (hot) than southern ones. hotter
6. This is the __________ (funny) actor I have ever had conversation with. funniest
7. Some people think that crocodiles are _________ (dangerous) than pythons. more dangerous
8. The little boy was unhappy because his performance was ________ (bad) than his friend. worse
9. Great Britain is one of the __________ (powerful) countries in the world. most powerful
10. Australia is the 6th ________ (large) country in the world, occupying an entire continent of some
7.6 million square kilometres. largest
5. Complete the following sentences.
1. I like all kind of sports, but I think football is the most exciting game to watch.
2. I think it is the most delicious food in the world.
3. Alice is very pleased with her results of this semester. They are better than last semester.
4. He thinks that people from the south of his country are much more humorous than people from the
north. In the north, no one ever seems to smile, but it’s opposite in the south.
5. The more hardworking you are, the more successful you are.
6. Find and correct mistakes in following sentences.
1. This lake is more deep than that one. deeper
2. Kate’s situation is the most complicated than her cousin’s. more complicated
3. The bride and groom are happiest people on their wedding. the happiest
4. A doctor and an architect are living in this villa. A doctor is from Germany. the
5. In England, people drink a lot of tea.
PART III: TEST YOURSELF
1. Gap-filling: Choose the suitable words from the box to complete the sentences.
1. similarities
9. properly 4. favourable
3. reception
7. crossing
5. ancestors
2. grooms
10. scattered

6. sweep
8. souls
1. In order to meet the requirement, you have to point out both _________ and differences between
two cultures.
2. In some cases, brides and __________ are provided with most of the necessary things for their big
day.
3. The board of directors have decided to hold a ________________ in a luxurious restaurant.
4. As a rule of thumb, several superstitious people choose a ________ date before starting
something.
5. My parents lay food on the altar for my _________ on a regular basis because they perceive that
they will enjoy the meal with my family.
6. Traditionally, Vietnamese people do not ________ the floor during the first three days of Tet (Lunar
New Year).
7. Some people try to avoid ________ the path of a woman, as this may not bring good luck to them.
8. He holds a belief that the altar is the place where ancestors' _______ live.
9. Before travelling to England, you have to learn to use knives, forks and spoons _______.
10. They leave coins ___________ on the ground as a ritual of their culture.
2. Match each word/phrase on the left with its description on the right.
1. self-reliance + c
2. ancestor + d
3. mystery + b
4. prestigious + e

a. a business project or activity, especially one that involves taking risks
b. something that is difficult to understand or to
c. the ability to do or decide things by yourself
d. a person in your family who lived a long time ago


5. venture + a


e. respected and admired as very important or of very high quality

3. Word formation: Give the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. The ______ ceremony is one of the three stages of a Vietnamese traditional wedding. (propose)
proposal
2. Before a wedding ceremony, there must be an _______ ceremony. (engage) engagement
3. As a rule of thumb, a number of superstitious people choose a ______ date before starting
something. (favour) favorable / favorite
4. It is believed that meeting a black cat is lucky, but it is ______ to walk under a ladder or break a
mirror. (luck) unlucky
5. Working as a volunteer provides you with opportunities to know more about cultural ______.
(diverse) diversity
6. If you want to get on well with your colleagues, you should pay ______ to some common features
of their cultures. (attend) attention
7. He is trying to work hard so that he is promoted to a higher and more _____________ position.
(prosper) prosperous
8. After he had flirted her for a long time, they ________ fell in love. (gradual) gradually
9. It cannot be denied that superstitious _______ exist many cultures. (believe) beliefs
10. After the wedding day, the ________ of couples leave on honeymoon in very romantic places.
(major) majority 
4. Choose the best answer.
1. The bride is accompanied by the groom during the wedding ceremony. The underlined word has
the closest meaning to:
A. bridegroom
B. bridesmaid
C. broom
D. bridge
2. Karen: “What is the similarity between Vietnamese culture and Thai culture?” - Kevin: “_____”
A. That sounds interesting. B. I couldn’t agree more. I like Vietnamese culture and Thai culture.

C. That’s true. They don’t know much about this.
D. I think it is food.
3. It can be seen that these cultures have _______ lot of things in common.
A. a
B. an
C.
the D. no article needed
4. Taking part in social activities and interacting with different cultures widen their knowledge and
gradually ________ them.
A. nature
B. mature
C. future
D. picture
5. “Jim is more popular than any other painter in this district." has the closest meaning to:
A. Another painter is more popular than Jim.
B. Jim is more popular than no other painter in this district.
C. Jim is the more popular than any other painter in this district.
D. Jim is the most popular painter in this district.
6. He has worked as _________ coordinator for more than 4 years.
A.
a
B.
an
C.
the D. no article needed
7. Older athletes are getting faster and _______ than in the past.
A. fitter
B. fittest
C.
fit

D. more fit
8. Mount Everest is _________ mountain on Earth.
A. the tallest
B. the taller
C. tall
D. tallest
9. My closest friend is looking forward to receiving a scholarship to study at a university in _______
Italy.
A.
a
B. an
C.
the D. no article needed
10. Before the wedding, the groom usually asks his brother, best friend or father to be his best man.
The underlined word has the closest meaning to:
A. bride
B. bridegroom
C. groomsman
D. bridesmaid
11. Today’s top sportspeople receive a lot ______ money than in the past.
A. much
B.
many C. more
D. most
12. Pain killers are much _______ now than in the past.


A.
effective
B. more effective

C. most effective
D. the more effective
13. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A.
increase
B. bridesmaid
C
. wedding
D. workforce
14. That was probably_______ enjoyable meal I’ve ever had.
A.
least B
. less C
. the less
D. the least
15. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A.
contrast
B
. courage
C
. venture
D. legend
16. Our atmosphere is gradually becoming more and _______ polluted.
A.
much B
. many
C.
more D. most
17. Choose the answer which needs correcting.

We didn’t realize (A) that it (B) was the most fastest (C) way to cross the (D) country.
18. Choose the answer which needs correcting.
In (A) fact, France had a more lower (B) overall medal (C) total than Russia (D).
19. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A bulky
B.
altar C. employ
D. object
20. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. machine
B. expense
C.
import D. alone
5. Rearrange the words/phrases to make meaningful sentences.
1. most / He / the / polite / is / I / met. / have / man/ ever
He is the most polite man I have ever met.
2. the / Alan / third / best / is / in / competition. / the
Alan is the third best in the competition.
3. active / is / She / less / her / than / classmates.
She is less active than her classmates.
4. considered / Obesity / can / be / be / one / to / of the / serious / health / most / problems.
Obesity can be considered to be one of the most serious health problems.
5. achievements / in / information / technology / and will / made / be / scientists./ More / by / and /
more
More and more achievements in information and technology will be made by scientists.
6. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Alcohol And The Devil
Although stereotypes can be harmful, it is true that Russia is one of ______ (1) -ranked
countries in the world in alcohol consumption. The country’s love of vodka is also its leading cause of
______ (2), from liver disease and alcohol poisoning to fatal accidents and crimes.

Since its such an ______ (3) part of their culture, there are many rules of etiquette surrounding
drinking in Russia, for instance, you can’t place a glass of alcohol back on the table after a toast-it
should be bottom’s up and _______ (4).
Arriving late for dinner means that you have to drink a ______ (5) glass of vodka, no questions
asked, as you’ll have to catch ________ (6) with the rest.
Between the first and second shots, there must be no interruptions whatsoever. Lastly, you
should never _______ (7) the mistake of offering a toast with an empty glass. If you do, you’ll have to
drink the entire bottle.
Russians also love to swear, but their custom is steeped in ______ (8). It is said that when you
curse another persons health in a manner without malice, you should spit three times over your left
shoulder. This _____ (9) spits in the eye of the devil, preventing ______ (10) omens or a
temptation of fate. If the curse is made in writing, you should write the guttural sound, “Tfu, tfu, tfu!”
1. A. the highest
2. A. death B
3. A. success
4. A. full
B.

B
. the higher C
. died C
. die
B.
integral
C
empty C
. locked

. higher
D. dead

. federal
D. knocked

D. highest
D. unnecessary


5. A. knocked
B
. empty
C
. locked
D. full
6. A. in
B
. for C.
up
D. about
7. A. do
B
. change
C
. create
D. make
8. A. super B. superstitious
C. delicious
D. superstition
9. A. symbolical
B. symbolically
C. symbolize

D. symbol
10. A. lucky
B.
good C. worst
D. bad

UNIT 8: A NEW WAY TO LEARN
1. Vocabulary
tablet (n): máy tính bảng
device (n): thiết bị
calculation (n): phép tính
download (v): tải
digital (adj): kĩ thuật số
touch screen (n): màn hình cảm ứng
distract (v): làm mất tập trung
instruction (n): (sự) hướng dần
effective (adj): hiệu quả
voice recognition (n): sự nhận dạng giọng nói
portable (adj): di động
application (n): ứng dụng = app
accent (n): giọng
recorder (n): máy ghi âm
enjoyable (adj): thích thú
submit (v): nộp
horrible (adj): kinh khủng
handwriting (n): chữ viết
fingertip (n): đầu ngón tay
triple (adj/v): có ba cái/gấp ba
inappropriate (adj): không phù hợp
concentrate (v): tập trung

disruptive (adj): gây gián đoạn
annoying (adj): làm phiền
radiation (n): phóng xạ
permanent (adj): lâu dài
benefit (v): được lợi
promote (v): thúc đẩy
Critical thinking (n-phr): tư duy phản biện
material (n): tài liệu
personal (adj): thuộc cá nhân
instantly (adv): ngay lập tức
take note (v-phr): ghi chú
take advantage (v-phr): khai thác, tận dụng
look up (v-phr): tra cứu
performance (n): thành tích
electronic (adj): thuộc điện tử
2. Grammar
Relative clauses: defining and non-defining (Mệnh đề quan hệ: xác định và không xác định)
2.1. Relative pronouns (Đại từ quan hệ): who, which, that, whose


+ Who: thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người
e.g. That is the teacher who taught us 10 years ago.
(Đó là người thầy đã dạy chúng tôi 70 năm trước)
I want to Mr. Smith, who is going to present today.
(Tôi muốn gặp ông Smith người sẽ thuyết trình hôm noy)
+ Which: thay thế cho danh từ chỉ vật
e.g. He is looking for a job which offers high salary.
(Anh ấy đang tìm một công việc có lương cao)
I have ever visited Paris, which is the capital of France.
(Tôi đã từng thăm Pari, thủ đô của Pháp)

+ That: thay thế cho danh từ chỉ người hoặc vật
e. g: That is the teacher who/that taught us 10 years ago.
(Đó là người thầy đõ dạy chúng tôi 10 năm trước)
He is looking for a job which/that offers high salary.
(Anh ấy đang tìm một công việc có lương cao)
+ Whose: chỉ sự sở hữu
e.g. Linda is the nurse whose husband is a doctor.
(Linda là cô y tá mà có chồng làm bác sĩ)
This is the dog whose owner is a billionaire.
(Đây là con chó mà chủ của nó là tỷ phú)
2.2. Defining and non-defining relative clauses
2.2.1. Defining relative clauses (Mệnh để quan hệ xác định)
+ Mệnh đề quan hệ xác định làm rõ nghĩa cho danh từ trước nó, nếu bỏ mệnh đề quan hệ xác
định thì câu chưa hoàn chỉnh về nghĩa.
E.g: (There are two boys on the platform.) His son is the boy who has brown hair.
(Có hai cậu bé trên sân ga. Con trai ông ấy là cậu bé có tóc màu nâu)
(There are many guys). She needs someone who can share with her.
(Có nhiều chàng trai. Chị ấy cần người mà có thể chia sẻ với chị ấy)
+ Khi đại từ quan hệ trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định thay thế cho danh từ làm tân ngữ ta có
thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ đó đi.
e.g. He wants to apologize the person (who) he shouted at yesterday
(Anh ấy muốn xin lỗi người mà anh ấy đã quát hôm qua)
We are decorating the house (which) we bought last year.
(Chúng tôi đang trang trí ngôi nhà chúng tôi mua năm ngoái)
+ Ta có thê dùng "that" thay thế cho who/which trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.
e.g. He wants to apologize the person who/that he shouted at yesterday.
(Anh ấy muốn xin lỗi người mà anh ấy đã quát hôm qua)
We are decorating the house which/that we bought last year.
(Chúng tôi đang trang trí ngôi nhà chúng tôi mua năm ngoái)
Ta không dùng dấu phẩy (,) trong mệnh đề quan hệ xác định.

e.g. He is the the boy who likes chicken.
(Đó là cậu bé thích ăn thịt gà)
2.2.1. Non-defining relative clauses (Mệnh để quan Hệ không xác định)
+ Mệnh đê quan hê không xác đinh bổ sung nghĩa cho danh từ trước nó, nếu bỏ mệnh đề
quan hệ không xác định thì câu vẫn hoàn chỉnh về nghĩa.
e.g: He is a handsome boy, who is kind hearted.
(Nó là một thằng bé đẹp trai và nhân hậu)
She is looking for a gentle man, who works in the same field with her.
(Chị ấy đang tìm một người đàn ông thanh lịch, làm cùng lĩnh vực với chị ấy)
+ Khi đại từ quan hệ trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định thay thế cho danh từ làm tân ngữ
ta không thể bỏ đại từ quan hệ đó đi.
e.g. He wants to apologize Nam, who he shouted at yesterday.


(Anh ấy muốn xin lỗi Nam. Anh ấy đã quát Nam hôm qua)
We are decorating our house, which we bought last year.
(Chúng tôi đang trang trí nhà mình. Chúng tôi mua nó năm ngoái)
+ Ta không thể dùng "that" thay thế cho "who / which" trong mệnh đề không xác định.
e.g. He wants to apologize Nam, who he shouted at yesterday.
(Anh ấy muốn xin lỗi Nam. Anh ấy đã quát Nam hôm qua)
We are decorating our house, which we bought last year.
(Chúng tôi đang trang trí nhà mình. Chúng tôi mua nó năm ngoái)
Ta dùng dấu phẩy (,) trong mệnh đề quan hệ không xác định.
e.g. The tall boy, who likes chicken, is five years old.
(Cậu bé cao đó 5 tuổi rồi. Nó thích ăn thịt gà)
3. Pronunciation
Stress in three-syllable adjectives and verbs: trọng âm trong tính từ và động từ 3 âm tiết
+ Với động từ 3 âm tiết:
- Hầu hết các động từ ghép có trọng âm rơi vào phần thứ hai.
Track 31: Listen and repeat

stand —> unders'tand
line —> under'line
take —> under'take
bid —> under'bid
cook —> under'cook
act —> inte'ract
- Các tiền tố (en, dis) không làm thay đổi trọng âm.
Track 32: Listen and repeat
'lighten —> en'lighten 
- Các hậu tố (-ing, -fill, -ous) không làm thay đổi trọng âm.
Track 33: Listen and repeat
a'nnoy —> a'nnoying su'ccess —> su'ccessful
'meaning —> 'meaningful 'colour —> 'colourful
'poison —> 'poisonous danger —> 'dangerous
 
PART II. PRACTICE
1. Listen, repeat and choose the word you hear with a different stress pattern from the others.
(Track 34)
1. A. undertake
B
. interact
C. disappear
D. enlighten
2. A. encourage
B
. remember C. successful
D. colourful
3. A. dangerous
B
. enable

C. surprising
D. depressing
4. A. underline
B
. disappoint C. poisonous
D. undercook
5. A. annoying
B. meaningful
C. unequal
D. repeating
2. Complete the sentences by using relative pronouns (who/that/which/whose).
1. You should find a neighbor ________ you home while you are away.who/that
2. Do you remember the presenter ________ conversation with last month? who/that
3. You can purchase or download the software ________ can help you to record your voice. which
4. It is sensible for students to choose the channels ________ benefit both their learning and relaxing.
which / that
5. They donated some sacks of rice to the people ________ houses were destroyed by the typhoon
last week. whose
6. My cousin, ________ lives nearby, often looks after my flat. who
7. That’s David, ________ father is an expert in behavioral psychology. whose
8. I have applied to Harvard University, ________ is the most prestigious university in the world.
which


9. Great Britain, ________ is one of the most powerful countries in the world, has a standard
educational system. which
10. I work with friendly and helpful colleagues, ________ is a great source of happiness for me.
which 
5. Complete the following sentences.
1. An e-book is an electronic book which can be read on a mobile device.

2. Tom Cruise, who is an actor,is very talented.
3. Barack Obama,who is the President of the USA, is dedicated with his mission.
4. A successful man is a person who can get more and more prosperous position in their career.
5. A president is a person who leads a country.
6. Find and correct mistakes in the following sentences.
1. My English teacher, who lectures are interesting, is humorous. whose
2. He is the farmer which I told you about. who
3. This is the bridge who was built by a famous king 1000 years ago. which
4. The cacao tree, that grows in equatorial regions, produces a fruit about the size of a small
pineapple. which
5. He has a lot of friends from English speaking countries, who is a great help for him to learn
English. which
PART III: TEST YOURSELF
1. Gap - filling: Choose the suitable words from the box to complete the sentences.
2. advantage
6. enjoyable
8. concentrate
9. disruptive 10. radiation
7. submit
1. screen
5. downloaded
3. distract
4. look
1. A tablet can be used to take notes with a digital pen on a touch _______.
2. A computer or laptop can be your powerful weapon and you can take _______ of the Internet to
support your study.
3. Personal electronic devices which _______ students from their class work are banned in most
schools.
4. Depending on learners’ preference and convenience, they can ______ up new words in an
electronic dictionary or printed version.

5. Digital lessons are available in a variety of web pages and they can be freely _______ and stored
in your computers.
6. Since the appearance of electronic devices, lessons have become more and more ______.
7. Many of the students prefer to _______ their assignment papers to their lecturers online via e-mail
or even Facebook.
8. If your smartphone rings while you are learning or working, you cannot ________ on your study or
work.
9. In this situation when you are annoyed and interfered with your device, it becomes ________.
10. The ______ from electronics might harm your brain and cause permanent impact.
2. Match each word/phrase on the left with its description on the right.
1. download + b
a. to take somebody’s attention away from what they are trying to do
2. distract + a
b. to get data from another computer, usually using the internet
3. inappropriate + e
c. to help something to happen or develop
4. permanent + d
d. lasting for a long time or for all time in the future
5. promote + c
e. not suitable or appropriate in a particular situation
3. Word formation: Give the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. One of the functions of computer, which only some people know, is to do _____. (calculate)
calculations
2. Voice ______ is the app which helps some types of smartphone attracts customers. (recognize)
recognition


3. She had a ________ influence on the rest of the class, as her phone rang suddenly. (disrupt)
disruptive
4. Accessing to _______ information harms your mental health. (appropriate) inappropriate

5. Some people support the view that _______ electronic devices may bring more harm than good to
students. (person) personal
6. An Iphone 6 is said to offer a lot of useful _______ for learning and entertaining. (apply)
applications
7. Nowadays, _________ between people around the world is becoming much more convenient
thanks to the aid of modem technology. (communicate) communication
8. She was _______ with her son because he overused the Internet and did not concentrate on his
study. (appoint) disappointed
9. In order to make language learning more _______ you must choose a device which is suitable for
your learning style. (effect) effective
10. Your ________ which affects your speaking achievement, can be improved by taking advantage
of some types of software. (pronounce) pronunciation
4. Choose the best answer.
1. People at the conference agreed that they used smartphones mostly for communication. The
underlined word has the closest meaning to:
A.
shortlyB. likely
C. mainly
D. manly
2. Mary: “What do you think could be the negative effect of overusing computers?” - Peter: “____”
A. I think it is negative.
B. It might be bad for your eyes and harmful to your brain.
C. It may not be effect.
D. You should not use computers.
3. Bill Gate, _______ is the owner of Microsoft Corporation, donates nearly all of his money to charity.
A.
who B. that
C. which
D. whose
4. This is the picturethey intend to buy.

A.
who B. whom
C. which
D. whose
5. “He wants to see the stamps. We have collected them recently.” has the closest meaning to:
A. He wants to see the stamps which we have collected them recently.
B. He wants to see the stamps we have collected recently.
C. He wants to see the stamps that we have collected them recently.
D. He wants to see the stamps who we have collected recently.
6. The book _______ she wrote 10 years ago has just been published.
A.
who B. whom
C.
that D. whose
7. Older athletes, _______ achievements used to be considered low, are getting faster and fitter than
in the past.
A.
who B. whom
C
. that D. whose
8. Big Ben, _________ has been visited by millions of people, is in England.
A.
which B. whom
C
. that D. whose
9. I have got today’s newspaper, _______ has a list of films.
A.
which B. whom
C
. that D. whose

10. Some experts advise that student should take advantage of their smartphones to have fun and
good learning results. The underlined word has the closest meaning to:
A. take care of
B. make use of
C. make fun of
D. take photos of
11. Some kinds of software can be used with only some certain types of media ______.
A.
plays B. playing
C
. played
D. players
12. What was the name of the company _________ factory burned down yesterday?
A. which
B. whom
C
. that D. whose
13. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. introduce
B. underline C. undertake
D. following
14. They take part in social activities and interact with different cultures, _______ widens their
knowledge and gradually matures them.
A.
who B
. that C.
which D. whose


15. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.

A.
dangerous B. encourageC
. successful D. defining
16. Some students take a year out before university, ______ allows them to work or travel.
A.
who B
. that C.
which D. whose
17. Choose the answer which needs correcting.
He is a (A) kind of (B) person who (C) job involves travelling (D) a lot.
18. Choose the answer which needs correcting.
I have (A) never been to Da Nang, that (B) is said to be the most (C) peaceful city in (D) Vietnam.
19. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. poisonous
B. relative
C. remember
D. meaningful
20. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others
A. official
B. embarrass
C. unequal
D. natural
5. Rearrange the words/phrases to make meaningful sentences.
1. smartphone / This / the / which / is / I / given / years / was / ago. / 2
This is the smartphone which I was given 2 years ago.
2. friend, / live / with / my /I / dear / is / quite / who /hardworking.
I live with my dear friend, who is quite hardworking.
3. Tom?/ Is / the / girl / that / you / to / want / to / introduce
Is that the girl you want to introduce to Tom? 
4. She / whose / is / nurse / the / homeland / Mexico. / is

She is the nurse whose homeland is Mexico.
5. could not / He / his / partners, / persuade / which / his / was / failure.
He could not persuade his partners, which was his failure.
6. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Computer Facts
Enjoy some great computer facts and interesting information about these ______ (1) devices
which play such an important role in our modern day lives. Learn about parts of the computer such as
the RAM, ROM and CPU as well as fun info about how we use computers to make our lives _______
(2) and more enjoyable.
Early electronic computers, developed around the 1940s, were the size of a large room and
consumed huge amounts of _______ (3). They were vastly different to the modern computers we use
today, especially when compared to small and portable laptop computers.
Computers ______ (4) to carry out instructions. These instructions are usually very simple and
require adding numbers together, moving data from one place _______ (5) another etc. A computer
program can include as little as a few instructions to upwards of millions of instructions depending on
the complexity of the program. Modern ______ (6) such as word processors, web browsers and
graphic editors take large teams of programmers a long time to complete.
A computers memory stores numbers in huge amounts of cells that are addressed and can be
quickly ______ (7) by the CPU to perform calculations. There are two main types of computer
memory ROM (read only memory) and RAM (random access memory). ROM contains pre-written
software and data that the CPU can only read, while RAM can be accessed and written to at any
time. Computers interact _______ (8) a number of different I/O (input/ output) devices to exchange
information. These peripheral devices include the keyboard, mouse, display, hard drive, printer and
more.
Computers are used to help link the world in the form of networks. Networked computers allow
users to share and exchange data that is stored in different locations. You may have heard of a local
area network (LAN) or wide area network (WAN) _________ (9) connects areas of various sizes. The
Internet is a vast network of computers spanning the globe _______ (10) allows users to access
email, the World Wide Web and other applications. Although we normally think of computers as the
ones we use in our everyday lives to surf the web, write documents etc., small computers are also

embedded into other things such as mobile phones, toys, microwaves and MP3 players. We use
computers all the time, of' ten without even knowing it!


1. A. amazed
B.
amazing
C
. amazingly D. amaze
2. A. easier B. more easier
C. much easy
D. a lot easy
3. A. elect B
. electrical
C
. electrically D. electricity
4. A. programmed B. are programmed C
. program
D. are programming
5. A. on
B
. for C.
to
D. about
6. A. applications B. application
C
. applyD. applied
7. A. accesses
B.
accessed

C
. accessing D. accessory
8. A. on
B
. for C
. to
D. with
9. A. whose B
. who C.
which D. whom
10. A. whose B
. who C.
that D. whom

UNIT 9: PRESERVING THE ENVIRONMENT
PART I. LANGUAGE FOCUS
1. Vocabulary
newsletter (n): bản tin
environmental (adj): thuộc môi trường
editor (n): người biên tập
preserve (v): bảo vệ, bảo tồn
preservation (n): sự bảo vệ, sự bảo tồn
conserve (v): bảo tồn
conservation (n): sự bảo tồn
confusing (adj): bối rối
impact (n): tác động, ảnh hưởng
threat (n): mối đe dọa
deforest (v): phá rừng
deforestation (n): sự phá rừng
global warming (n): sự nóng lên toàn cầu

deplete (v): làm cạn kiệt
depletion (n): sự cạn kiệt
pollution (n): sự ô nhiễm
pollutant (n): chất gây ô nhiễm
greenhouse effect (n): hiệu ứng nhà kính
polar ice (n): băng ở địa cực
melt (v): tan
non-renewable (adj): không thể phục hồi
consume (v): tiêu thụ
consumption (n): sự tiêu thụ
contaminate (v): làm bẩn, làm nhiễm
contamination (n): sự làm bẩn, sự nhiễm bẩn
protect (v): bảo vệ
severely (adv): tàn khốc
disposal (n): sự vứt bỏ
rubbish (n): rác thải
fertilizer (n): phân bón
fertility (n): sự màu mờ
manure (n): phân bón
arid (adj): khô cằn
vegetation (n): thực vật
destruction (n): sự phá hủy


ecosystem (n): hệ sinh thái
inorganic (adj): vô cơ
agriculture (n): ngành nông nghiệp
chemical (n/adj): hóa chất/thuộc về hóa học
detergent (n): chất tẩy
pesticide (n): thuốc trừ sâu

sake (n): lợi ích
habitat (n): môi trường sống
degradation (n): sự suy thoái
degrade (v): làm suy thoái
erode (v): xói mòn
erosion (n): sự xói mòn
extinction (n): sự tuyệt chủng
biological (adj): thuộc về sinh học
sustainable (adj): bền vững
mission (n): sứ mệnh
seashore (n) bờ biển
2. Grammar
Reported speech: Câu tường thuật
+ Chúng ta dùng câu tường thuật để nhắc lại, kể lại lời đã được nói trước đây.
e.g. Tom: What did you do at school yesterday, Jerry?
Jerry: I played football.
(Tom: Bạn đã làm gì ở trường hôm qua hả Jerry?
Jerry: Mình đã chơi bóng đá)
Tom asked Jerry what he had done at school the day before.
Jerry replied that he had played football.
(Tom hỏi Jerry là cậu ấy đã làm gì ở trường hôm trước đó?
Jerry trả lời rằng cậu ấy đã chơi bóng đá)
+ Một số chú ý khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang câu gián tiếp.
+ Thông thường khi chuyển từ câu trực tiếp sang gián tiếp ta lùi lại một thì:
- present simple —> past simple
E.g: “I work as a doctor.”
—> He said that he worked as a doctor.
- Past simple —> past perfect
e.g. “I worked as a doctor.”
—» He said that he had worked as a doctor.

*) Note: Ta không lùi thì khi tường thuật việc luôn luôn đúng hoặc vẫn còn đúng ở hiện tại.
e.g. “The sun moves around the "earth."
—> She said that the sun moves around the earth.
+ Chúng ta thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian khi chúng ta tường thuật vào thời gian khác với thời
gian trong câu trực tiếp:
- Today —> that day, yesterday —> the day before, now —> then, tomorrow —> thefollowing day/the
next day, next week —> the following week
e.g. “I will leave tomorrow”.
—> He said that he would leave the next day.
Nhưng: —> He said that he would leave tomorrow. (câu này tường thuật trong cùng 1 ngày với câu
trực tiếp)
+ Chúng ta thay đổi trạng từ chỉ nơi chốn và đại từ khi chúng ta tường thuật vào địa điểm
khác với địa điểm trong câu trực tiếp và đại từ khác với đại từ trong câu trực tiếp. Here —>
there, this —> that, I —> he/she, we —> they ...
E.g: "I will meet her"
—> He said that he would meet her


Nhưng: —> I said that I would meet her. (Tôi là người thuật lại câu này)
- Reporting verbs (động từ tường thuật): say, tell, inform, persuade , announce, believe, claim,
explain, reply, say, think .. (+that)
e.g. He explained (that) he had not intended to break the vase.
- inform, persuade, remind, tell + o + that
e.g. She reminded me that I made several mistakes.
3. Pronunciation
Stress in three-syllable nouns: trọng âm trong danh từ 3 âm tiết
Các từ có hậu tố -sion, -tion có trọng âm roi vào âm tiết liền trước hậu tố đó.
Listen and repeat (Track 35)
im'press —> im'pression dis'cuss —> dis'cussion con'fuse —> con'fusion in'vent —>
in'vention

pro'tect —> pro'tection
er'ode —> e'rosion
Các hậu tố -ment, -er/or, -ant không làm thay đổi trọng âm từ
Listen and repeat (Track 36)
a'gree —> a'greement
im'prove —> im'provement
de 'sign —> de'signer pro'tect —> pro'tector a'ttend —> a 'ttendant
po'llute —> po'llutant
 
PART II. PRACTICE
1. Listen, repeat and choose the word you hear with a different stress pattern from the others.
(Track 37)
1. A. expression
B. agreement
C.
animalD. completion
2. A. erosion
B.
chemical
C
. pollutant
D. designer
3. A. protector
B
. confusion C
. attention
D. influence
4. A. atmosphere B. appointment
C
. attendant D. acceptance

5. A. chemical
B
. editor
C
. habitat
D. depletion
2. Report the following conversation between Steven and Karen.
This conversation was in July, 2015.
Steven: Can you remind me the English homework for next week? (1)
Karen: We have to do exercises on page 25. (2)
Steven: Have you prepared for your presentation? (3) j
Karen: I am going start preparing it this evening. (4)
Steven: Can you play football with me tomorrow? (5)
Karen: I am sorry but I cannot. I have an appointment with my dentist tomorrow. (6)
Steven: When did you last have your teeth checked? (7)
Karen: I last had my teeth checked 3 months ago. (8)
Steven: Did you feel scared? (9)
Karen: No, I did not. The dentist encouraged me. (10)
You report this conversation in September, 2016.
1. Steven asked Karen if he could remind him the English homework for the following week.
2. Karen replied that they had to do exercises on page 25.
3. Steven wanted to know if he had prepared for his presentation.
4. Karen said that he was going to start preparing it that evening.
5. Steven asked if he could play football with him the following day.
6. Karen answered that he could not because he had an appointment with his dentist the following
day.
7. Steven wondered when he had last had his teeth checked.
8. Karen replied that he had last had his teeth checked 3 months before.
9. Steven asked if he had felt scared.
10. Karen stated that he had not felt scared because the dentist encouraged him.

3. Complete the following sentences.


1. She cried and said to her ex-boyfriend that she was going to get married the following week.
2. Students were very happy when their teacher announced that they got good marks.
3. I did not go to work on time, so my boss asked why I went to work late.
4. I wanted to pay for myself, but my boyfriend insisted on paying.
5. Jane was having difficulties sleeping and the doctor advised her to take some rest.
6. Find and correct mistakes in the following sentences.
1. Anna visited my house 6 days ago and she told to me that my house was wonderful. before
2. He said her that he was the headmaster of that school. to her
3. Jim said Linda where she had gone the day before. asked
4. Paul informed me that he would arrive in Ontario following day. the following day
5. They urged the employees staying calm. to stay
PART III. TEST YOURSELF
1. Gap - filling: Choose the suitable words from the box to complete the sentences.
7. pollutants
9. consumed
1. newsletter
8. important
6. threats
10. biological
2. protect
3. melting
4. results
5. cause
1. The editor has been helping me a lot with my article about environment, which I have been writing
for my university ________.
2. We should educate people to be fully aware of danger and join hands to ________ endangered
species from becoming extinction.

3. Many people do not know that polar ice is ________ and sea levels are rising.
4. The coastal areas are being seriously contaminated, which _______ from disposing harmful
chemical rubbish into seas.
5. Overusing pesticides is also considered to be a ________ of pollution.
6. Nowadays, we are facing many ________ such as deforestation, pollution, global warming and
fossil fuel depletion.
7. Dumping _________ such as detergents, pesticides and other chemicals in lakes, rivers and seas
contaminates our water source.
8. Clean water is very _________ to life, as no one can live long without it.
9. Our modem world has __________ a lot of water and electricity.
10.The preservation of _________ diversity is being promoted by millions of supporters worldwide.
2. Match each word/phrase on the left with its description on the right.
1. preservation + b a. a substance that pollutes something, especially air and water
2. impact + c
b. the act of keeping something in its original state or in good condition
3. fertilizer + e
c. the powerful effect that something has on somebody/something
4. pollutant + a
d. the act of destroying something; the process of being destroyed
5. destruction + d
e. a substance added to soil to make plants grow more successfully
3. Word formation: Give the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. When people can understand clearly the _______ impacts, they will be more aware of conserving
forests. (environment) environmental
2. Because of _______ , there may be no place for wild animals in the near future. (deforest)
deforestation
3. _______ warming is said to be one of the reasons for polar ice melting. (globe) Global
4. Because non-renewable resources are being consumed at a rapid rate, human beings are likely to
face fossil fuel ________. (deplete) depletion
5. Working as a volunteer provides you with opportunities to know more about cultural ______

(diverse) diversity
6. Air ________ can cause acid rain which damages water, soil and vegetation. (pollute) pollution
7. The overuse of chemical fertilizers can lead to the decrease of soil ______. (fertilize) fertility


8. Oil is also considered to be one of the ________ which make the water unclean. (pollute)
pollutants
9. The ________ of ecosystem of lakes, rivers, seas and forests must be prevented. (destroy)
destruction
10. The threat of contaminated environment is becoming ______ serious. (increase) increasingly
4. Choose the best answer.
1. Overusing chemical sprays and fertilizers makes land arid and vegetation harmful to human
health. The underlined word has the closest meaning to:
A. very
dry
B
. very wet
C. stormy
D. rainy
2. Jenifer: “How can we deal with environmental pollution?” - Jessica: “____”
A. Environmental pollution can be dealt with. B. We should deal with environmental pollution.
C. We should strictly ban the disposals of chemical rubbish. D. Environmental pollution is unclean.
3. Alice _______ to her husband that she would work for that firm.
A. say
B. said
C.
tell
D. told
4. Tom _______ me that his picture had been sold the day before.
A. say

B. said
C.
tell
D. told
5. "Jim is more popular than any other painter in this district" has the closest meaning to:
A. Another painter is more popular than Jim.
B. Jim is more popular than no other painter in this district.
C. Jim is the more popular than any other painter in this district.
D. Jim is the most popular painter in this district.
6. He ___________ his new friend that he had worked as a coordinator for more than four years.
A. told
B. insisted
C.
thought
D. agreed
7. Her boss wanted to know where ______ 2 years before.
A. did she work
B. had she worked C. she has worked
D. she had worked
8. They _________ the foreigner where he came from.
A. asked
B. said
C.
informed
D. stated
9. He apologised _______ late.
A. for coming
B. came
C. has
come D. had come

10. One of the main areas of this organisation is the sustainable use of natural resources. The
underlined word has the closest meaning to
A. maintainable
B. forgettable
C.
visible D. vegetable
11. For the _________ of environment and for the people who live in it, we must eliminate pollution
immediately.
A. sick
B. rich
C.
sake D. harmful
12. The reporters said that that factory _______ down the day before.
A. had burned
B. has been burned C.
burns D. has burned
13. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A.
attention
B. agreement
C
. protector
D. chemical
14. He ________ his employees that the schedule has been changed.
A. informed
B. agreed
C.
said D. thought
15. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. animal

B. appointment
C. designer
D. erosion
16. He promised _______ his assignment on time.
A. submit
B. to submit
C. submitted
D. submitting
17. Choose the answer which needs correcting.
He (A) asked his father (B) when would he (C) deal with (D) the problem.
18. Choose the answer which needs correcting.
They announced that (A) he has met (B) a number of key (C) figures the day (D) before.
19. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.
A. extinction
B. detergent
C. newsletter
D. appointment
20. Choose the word with a stress pattern different from the others.


A. consumption
B. pesticide
C. destruction
D. disposal
5. Rearrange the words/phrases to make meaningful sentences.
1. me / Jim / that / he / told / was / most / polite / the / man / the / team. / in
Jim told me that he was the most polite man in the team.
2. said / that / the / Alan / third / best / was / in / competition. / the /They
They said that Alan was the third best in the competition.
3. active / that / was / she / less / her / than / classmates. / admitted / Mary

Mary admitted that she was less active than her classmates.
4. advised / My / parents / me / prepare / carefully / to / the / for / contest.
My parents advised me to prepare carefully for the contest.
5. following / They / that / device / that / would / announced / be / produced / the / year.
They announced that that device would be produced the following year.
Fact Sheet on Forests
Fun Fact 1: what is a forest? The word forest dates back to the late 13th century; it is a word used to
describe a densely tree-covered area
Fun Fact 2: There are three main types of forest on planet earth; they are called tropical forests,
temperate forests and boreal forests
Fun Fact 3 A tropical forest _______ (1) a rainforest. Rainforests can be described as a dense warm,
wet, woodland area that has regular heavy rainfall each year; more than 80 inches of rain in twelve
months. Rainforests are found near the equator; they can be found in South America, Africa and
Southern Asia
Fun Fact 4 Temperate forests are ______ (2) in temperature than a rainforest. They can be found
along the Pacific coast of the USA and Canada, New Zealand, Tasmania, Chile and Europe
Fun Fact 5 Boreal forests can be found in the coldest of climates, they usually ______ (3) of
evergreen trees. They can be found Canada, North America, Northern Europe and Russia
Fun Fact 6 The largest forest in the world is the boreal forest, also ______ (4) as the Taiga
(pronounced tiger). It can be found throughout the high northern latitudes of earth
Fun Fact 7 The types of animals that you will find in a boreal forest can include: moose, elk, reindeer,
bear, beaver, wolf, weasel, otter, salamanders and frogs
Fun Fact 8 The types of animals that you will find in a temperate forest can include: puma (mountain
lion) bear, gray wolf, elk (deer), Siberian tiger, snow leopard, kangaroo and wombat
Fun Fact 9 Forests that ______ (5) the Earth’s equator are classed as tropical rainforests. Types of
animal that you will find in a tropical rainforest include: chimpanzee, gorilla, Indian cobra, orangutan,
jaguar, monkey, leopard, parrot, iguana and the tree frog
Fun Fact 10 More animals live in our forests than anywhere else on earth!
During the winter time some of the animals in boreal and temperate forests hibernate (sleep), _____
(6) may migrate (move to a wanner climate)

Fun Fact 11 Forests are populated by trees that create canopies of different heights, which are
sometimes called strata’s. The different forest levels provide habitats for different types of animals
and plants
Fun Fact 12 Insects are the only creature that lives in every zone of the forests. Forests contain more
small animals than large and more vegetarians (planet eaters) than carnivores (meat eaters)
Fun Fact 13 what is deforestation? Deforestation is when areas of forest ______ (7) for non-forest
purposes. In most cases the forest that is being removed is not being replanted and the forests of the
world are being removed at an ________ (8) rate! 
Fun Fact 14 Why is deforestation taking place? There are many reasons why the forests are being
destroyed these include clearing for agriculture and farming, for the wood that the forests provide to
make furniture, timber and paper and to clear the way f0r new roads and houses
Fun Fact 15 Are forests on earth _______ (9) ? Yes! Over 50% of the planets forests have already
been destroyed - it has been estimated that a forest area the size of two football fields was being
destroyed every second! Deforestation rates have reduced slightly in recent years, conservation and


protection has rapidly increased to help preserve some destruction, however many species of
animals will face a ________ (10) of extinction if deforestation continues at such an alarming rate.
1. A. is commonly called B. commonly called C. commonly calls D. is commonly calling
2. A. much more cooler
B. much cooler
C. much more cool D. a lot more cool
3. A. involve
B. consist
C. combine
D. connect
4. A. know
B. known
C. knowing
D. knew

5. A. around
B. round
C. surround
D. surrounding
6. A. another
B. one other
C.
other D. others
7. A. removed
B. are removing
C. removing
D. are removed
8. A. alarming
B.
alarmingly C
. alarms
D. alarm
9. A. endanger
B. endangered
C
. danger
D. dangerous
10. A.
rich B
. good C
. new D. risk

UNIT 10: ECOTOURISM
PART I. LANGUAGE FOCUS
1. Vocabulary

ecotourism (n): du lịch sinh thái
ecological (adj): thuộc sinh thái
observe (v): quan sát, ngắm
wildlife (n): động vật hoang dã
crocodile (n): cá sấu
rare (adj): quý, hiếm
coral reef (n): rặng san hô, bãi san hô
discount (adj/n): giảm giá/sự giảm giá
departure (n): khởi hành
pros and cons: những ý kiến tán thành và phản đôi
environmentalist (n): nhà môi trường học
relatively (adv): tương đổi
discharge (v): đổ
fauna (n): quần thể động vật
flora (n): quần thực vật
brochure (n): cuốn sách nhỏ quảng cáo về cái gì
tour guide (n): hướng dẫn viên du lịch
lifestyle (n): lối sống
destination (n): điểm đến
volcano (n): núi lửa
exotic (adj): đẹp kỳ lạ, ngoại lai
beneficial (adj): có ích
adapt (v): thích nghi
waterfall (n): thác nước
handicraft/ (n): đồ thủ công
go kayaking (phr-v): đi xuồng(gỗ nhẹ, bọc da động vật)
plantation (n): đồn điền
biosphere (n): sinh quyển
delta (n): vùng châu thổ
ostrich (n): đà điểu

litter (n/v): rác/vứt rác bừa bãi
ethnic (adj): thuộc dân tộc, sắc tộc
potential (adj/n): tiềm năng
reserve (n): khu bảo tồn