TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE - S 6 11 - T R U I N G DAI HQC PHAM V A N D O N G

NHU>JG NET NOI BAT CUA PHONG TRAO CHAN H U N G THV'C N G H I E P
6 NAM KY 30 NAM DAU THE KY XX
Trdn Thi Kim Phugng'
TOM TAT
Phong trdo chdn hung th^c nghiep ra d&i gdn lien vdi trdo lieu duy tdn cdi cdch
theo khuynh hu&ng ddn chu tu sdn & Viet Nam ddu thi ky XX. Hogt dgng chdn hung thuc
nghiep & Nam Ky la mdt bd phgn cua phong trdo ndy nhtmg cd nhiing net rieng. Ndi
dung vd hinh thirc hogt ddng cua phong trdo chdn hung thuc nghiep & Nam Ky vdo ddu
the ky XX co tinh hien dgi han Bdc Ky vd Trung Ky. Bdo chi dd ddng mgt vai tro quan
trong trong cugc van dgng ndy. Mgt sd ITnh vuc kinh doanh Id net riing cua hogt dgng
chdn hung thvc nghidp & Nam Ky sau Chien tranh thi gi&i thir nhdt: tdi chinh — ngdn
hdng, ky nghe dien vd xay xat ggo, kinh doanh ddn dien. Nam Ky Id nai m& ddu phong
trdo ddu tranh tdy chay hdng ngogi hoa (1919), ddu tranh true dien v&i chinh quyin thuc
ddn de xda bo dgc quyen cda tu bdn Phdp vd tu bdn Hoa kieu tren mgt sd ITnh vuc; giai
cdp tu sdn thdnh lap ddng chinh tri (Bdng Lap Men) di bdo vi quyen lgi cho giai cdp
minh...
Tu khoa: Buy tdn, chdn himg thuc nghiep, tu sdn. Nam Ky
1. MO DAU
Tu gifia the ky XDC, nude ta bi thuc
ddn Phdp xdm luge. Phong ttdo ddu tranh
chdng Phdp cua nhdn ddn Viet Nam diln
ra lien tyc, mgnh me ttong nua sau the kJ
XIX vdi dinh cao la phong ttao Can
Vuang (1885-1896) nhung tdt cd diu
khdng thdnh edng. Sy thdt bai cua phong
ttao Cdn Vuong khdng dinh con dudng
efiu nude dudi ngpn cd phong kidn khdng
edn phu hgp, nhan dan Vidt Nam can phdi
tim kilm mpt con dudng ciiu nude mdi

tien bp han. Dap ung yeu cdu Ijch su do,
vdo ddu thi ky XX, ttdo luu duy tdn eai
each theo khuynh hudng tu sdn ra ddi,
phong ttao Duy Tan (1903-1908) xudt
hidn nhdm tiiuc Men ede bidn phap cuu
nude kit hgp vdi duy tan, dd Id: khai dan
tn, chdn ddn khi, hdu ddn sinh. Theo
phong trdo nay, dl gianh dugc dpc lap vd
dan chu, cude dau ttanh khdng eM didn ra
tten edc ITnh vuc quan sy, chinh tri ma con

didn ra ttdn cac Imh vuc kinh te, van hda.
Vi vay, gan liln vdi phong trao Duy Tdn,
hoat ddng chdn hung thyc ngMep timg
budc hmh thdnh va phat trien ttd thanh
phong ttdo cd quy md toan qude. Thue
chat cua ehdn hung thye nghiep Id khdi
phye, phat tridn kinh tl theo hudng Men
dai (tu ban chii nghia), ldm eho dan giau
va nude thinh, van minh (thuc sdn hung
ngMep, phu ddn cudng qude). Day la dieu
kidn de gianh vd bdo vd ndn dde lgp dan
tpc.
Phong ttao chan hung thuc nghiep
didn ra tu dau the ky XX do cac Nho sT
ydu nude tidn bd khdi xudng, dugc giai
cdp tu sdn dan t^e kd thua va phat trien
sau Chiln ttanh thd gidi thu nhat. Phong
ttao diln ra vdi nMdu ndi dung vd hinh
thuc ngdy cang phong phii rihu tuydn

truydn ed dpng thuc nghipp, kinh doanh
san xudt, ddu ttanh chong tu bdn nude
ngodi (Hoa kidu, An kieu, tu ban Phap),

• JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY •

41


TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHE - SO 11 - TRU'O'NG BAI HOC PHAM VAN B O N G "
ddi thye dan Phdp ban bd nhung quyen tv
do dan chu ttong kinh doanh dl gidnh lgi
lgi quydn eho ddn tdc va giai cap.
Trong bdi canh chung do, hogt ddng
ehdn hung thye ngMpp diln ra d Nam Ky
gdn lidn vdi dilu kidn Heh sfi dgc thu. Ddy
la vung ddt cd truyin thdng thuang mai
ttong Heh sfi, ttd thanh thugc dia eua Phap
tfi rdt sdm% phuang thfie san xudt tu ban
chd nghTa du nhap vao Nam Ky sdm nhdt
so vdi Bdc Ky va Trung Ky. \ ^ vgy phong
ttao chan hung thyc nghiep d Nam Ky cd
nhung net ridng vd thanh phan lanh dao,
thdi gian khdi xudng, npi dung ciing hinh
thfie the Men da dang vd tinh hidn dai cao
han so vdi Bac Ky vd Trung Ky.
2.

NHOJG


NET

NOI

B^T

CUA

PHONG TRAO CHAN HUNG TH^TC
NGHIEP 6 NAM KY
2.1. Phong ttao chan hung thyc
ngMep ra ddi gdn liln vdi phong ttdo Duy
Tan d Viet Nam (1903-1908) khdi ddu tu
Trung Ky va phat trien ra Bac Ky rdi lan
tda vao Nam Ky. Hoat dpng chdn hung
thyc nghidp d Nam Ky la mdt bd phan ciia
phong ttdo ndy. Tuy nMdn, d Nam K^, y
thuc chdn hung thuc nghiep hinh thdnh
s&m han Trung Ky vd Bdc K^ vdi sy ra
ddi eiia td bao Ndng cd min dam vdo ndm
1901 do Luang Khdc Ninh lam chii but
vdi myc dich hd hao chdn hung thyc
ngMpp di^ canh tranh vdi m sdn Hoa kilu
va An kieu, bdo vd Igi ich kinh tl cua
ngudi Viet. Lien tuc ttdn cac sd bao tfi
1901, Luang Khdc Ninh dd cd ddng canh
tdn ve kinh td, dl eao vai ttd cua nghi
• Nam 1862: ba rink miin Bdng Nam Ky ihu^c Phdp. din nSm
1874. Lvc linh Nam Ky hi Phap cat Irj
" D Trung Ky chu tnnmg (A[re ngkifp ra ddi gSn liin voi thuyil

Tam ddn (khai dan tri, thdn ddn khi. hgu ddn smh) vao nam
1903 ciia Phan Chdu Trmh. con 6 Bdc Ky the kiin trong tac
pham Van mink Idn kpc sdch ra dm nam 1904

42

budn, ho hdo hiin vdn Idn dB kinh doanh
nhdm thu ldi Idn vd bdi xich thuong nhSn
Trung Hoa va An Dp. Luang Khdc Ninh
khdng dinh: "dai thuang la mdi Ipi ttong
the gian, khdng cM ddi vdi lye tmh ma cac
vuong qude khde deu ttgng vipc thuang
cd" [1], hay "mudn cd tiln Miilu tM phai
budn eho Idn, dy la thugng sach" [2],
Trong bdi canh ngudi Trung Hoa thao
tiing thi trucmg liia ggo, cdn ngudi An Do
tM thu lgi Idn tfi boat dpng eho vay nang
lai, Lucmg Khdc Ninh chu truong bai
Trung Hoa, An Dd ttong budn ban [3].
Chu truang nay da gdp phdn md dudng
eho phong ttao Minh Tan ma cdt Idi la
hoat ddng ehdn hung thuc ngMep ra dtri
sau do d Nam Ky.
Tuy y thuc ehdn hung thuc nghiep
Mnh thanh sdm hon Bac Ky va Tnmg Ky,
nhung mdi din eudi ndm 1907, hogt dgng
chan hung thue nghidp d Nam Ky moi
hoa nhgp vao ttao luu yeu nude ciia dan
tpc Vipt Nam sau khi Trdn Chdnh Chilu
sang Hong Kdng de tham con ttai Id Tran

Chanh Tuyet dang du hpe, dugc Phan Bpi
Chdu giac ngp, dng trd ve nude phat ddng
phong ttdo Minh Tdn (tdn gpi ciia phong
ttdo Duy Tan d Nam Ky) de hudng iing
chii truang duy tdn cuu nude cua Phan
Bpi Chau. Myc dich va tdn cM eua phong
ttao Minh Tdn la chdn hung cdng, ndng,
thuang nghidp de canh tranh, tdy chay
Hoa kidu vd An kieu, mong giup dd doanh
nhan ngucri Viet ed thi ty minh kinh
doanh kinh tl cho phu hgp vdi da tien hoa
chung cua nhan loai. Vi vdy, chdn hung
thuc nghiep - hogt ddng chii yeu cua
phong trdo Minh Tdn & Nam Ky chiu dnh
hu&ng cua phdi Duy Tdn Hdi (1904-1912)
do Phan Bdi Chdu lanh dao.

. JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY •


TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA C O N G N G H E - S Q 11 - TRU'O'NG DAI HQC PHAM V A N B O N G

2.2. Khac vdi Bac va Trung Ky,
nhung ngucri khdi xudng, lanh dgo phong
ttao chdn hung thuc nghiep d Nam Ky
khdng phai xudt than tfi van thdn, Nho sT
yeu nude tien bp (nho sT, khoa bang, quan
trudng...) ma hp la nhihig nha dien chu,
huang chuc, vidn chuc, ed ngudi la tri
thuc Tay hpe, ed ngudi Id tri thfie cuu hpc

ddng thdi la tti thfie tdn hoe, hudng ung
ehii tircmg duy tan cua Phan Bdi Chdu,
Phan Chdu Trinh nhu Luang Khde Ninh'',
Trdn Chanh Chilu'', Nguydn An Khuongf,
Nguyin Chanh Sdt'^... Ddy la mot ttong
nhiing nhan td Iam cho hogt dpng chdn
hung thue nghipp d Nam Ky dien ra mgnh
me va gat hai nhidu thdnh cdng hon so vdi
ca nude.

vdn^. Ddy Id nhung td bao dupc xem la ca
quan ngdn ludn cua phong ttdo Minh Tdn
d Nam Ky. Tren cac td nay, cac thdng tin
kinh te ttong vd ngoai nude dugc ddng tai
hdng ngay, giup nhdn dan nam bdt duge
nhihig thdng tin kinh te mang tinh chat
thai su. Tu do kMeh Id nhdn ddn tham gia
vao hoat ddng ehan hung kinh te, hd hao
him vdn kinh doanh.

Td Ndng Co min ddm ra mdt vao
ngay 01/8/1901, ddy Id td bao kmh t l ddu
tidn d nude ta. Ten bao dugc in bang chu
quoc ngfi, ben dudi la 4 chfi Nong Cd min
ddm bang chft Han. sau eung la mpt hang
ehu Phap. Chii nhiem: Canavaggio; Chu
biit: Idn lugt ede ky gid Luang Khde Nmh,
Trdn Chanh Chilu, Nguyin Chanh Sdt...
2.3. Hoat ddng chdn hung thye
Bdo ra eac so vao thu nam hang man. Muc

ngMep d Nam Ky ddu thd ky XX ehu yeu
dich ciia viec thanh lap td bdo nay dugc
dien ra & khu vifc do thi v&i quy md l&n. ndi ro ttong dan xin phep gui Idn ehinh
ITnh vuc hogt ddng da dgng vd hinh thiic to quydn thude dia la de tuyen troydn va ed
chiic cao han so v&i Bdc Ky vd Trung Ky.
ddng ve "ky nghi vd thucmg cd (thuang
mai)" nham "giiip cho ddn quoc phu
Cac nha thyc nghiep Nam Ky da su
cu&ng" [4].
dyng bdo cM ds tuydn truydn tu tudng duy
tan, cd dpng thuc nghiep, keu ggi mpi
Tren td Ndng Cd min ddm,ttongcac
ngudi dan dgc bao de nam bdt thdng tin, mue "Thuang co ludn", Hiip thuang bdn
dd hge nghd k>^ thuat, hpc budn ban va
chieu, Lap thuong cugc da cho dang tdi
cung dd md mang tri dc. Bdo chi dong vai
nhidu bai vidt noi ve each thuc lam kinh
tro to l&n trong viec tuyen truyen vgn
te, chi dan edeh ttdng cdy, khai phd dat
dgng chdn hung thuc nghiip a Nam Ky,
hoang, hiin vdn lap cac hdi budn theo Mnh
nhu td Nong Cd min dam, Luc Tinh tdn thuc cdng ty ed phdn, each budn ban...dl
canh ttanh vdi tu san Hoa kieu. An kieu
' Luang Khdc Ninh da lot nghifp Trudng Le Myre de Vilers A
nhu cac bdi; Th&i ndng tiiu thuyit, Ndng
My Tho. limg lam vifc a So Thirong chdnh va Too dn a Bin
Tre. ta thanh vien Hpi dong Qudn hiil Nam Ky (1902). Hpi
nghiip cdi lucmg. Ndng nghiip ti nguyin.
ddng tir vdn Dong Dtrrmg (11)06) Ong vua Id mpt tri thuc Nho
hpc. vira Id m^l iri thuc Tdy hpc.

Nam Ky nong nghiep hung vuang chi giai
'' Trdn Chdnh Chiiu tot nghifp trung hoc tai trucmg College
trieu, Ndng nghi$p tucmg ti hdi... Td
d'Adran. lim giao hpt, xa tradng. thong ngon cho wen Tham
bipi (Chu tinh) & Rgck Gid, ira thdnh diin chu lin, du^ vdo
Ndng Cd min ddm hoat dpng ttong thdi
quoc tick Phdp nen ihaimg gpi Id Gilbert Chieu.
' Nguyen An Khuang, khi nkd kpc chu Hdn. tdn len kpc lgi
gian khd ddi, tfi nam 1901 cho den nam

truang College d'Adran, Id mpt dien chu, chuyin dfch tieu
thuyit Trung Hoa sang tieng Vi$t .Oigvua Id tri thue cifu kQC
dong then Id tri thuc tdn hpc
'Nguyin Chdnk Sat Id Iri thiic cuu hpc dong th&l Id Iri thih lan
hpc. tac gid nhiiu lieu thuyet cklf Quae ngir, cBng Id mpt dich
gid cd vdn Trung Hoa sang chit Quoi ngir.

'•' O Bdc Ky (.0 cac td bdo nha Ddng co timg bao, Difi Crpf tdn
bdo cd ddng cdc hdi cd dpng duy tdn thyc nghiq) nhung Ididng
phdi Id ccr quan ngon ludn ciia phong trdo Duy Tan Bdc Ky

. JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY •


TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA C O N G NGHg - SO 11 - T R U I N G BAI HQC PHAM V A N B O N G

1924. Pham vi phd biln kha rdng, hdu
khdp Lyc tinh. Nong Cd min ddm ddng
mgt vai tto to Idn ttong cude Mmh Tdn,
ed dgng chdn hung tiiue ngMpp d Nam

Ky: ''Bay dung Id t& bdo kinh te. Chuyen
muc Thicang cd lugn ludn cd vi tri quan
trgng nhdt, gi&i thiiu kinh nghiem, cd vu
di vdo thuang tru&ng, canh ndng ^
nghe... Bdn ddn chuyen muc "L&i rao",
chira dung nhiiu thdng tin kinh ti. phdc
hga su chuyen bien ldnh ti - xd hgi xu
Nam Ky" [5].
Ben eanh td Nong Co min ddm, mpt
td bdo ndi tilng khae d Nam Ky tiidi ky
ndy do la td iiwc Tinh tdn vdn (19071924). Chu nMem bao Id dng Pierre
Jeantet, ehu but Id dng Gilbert Chilu, Idn
lugt din Dang Thuc Lieng, Luang Khdc
Ninh; quan ly Nguyen An Khuang, bdo
quan dat tai sd 6 Amiral Krantz kl ben
Nam Trung khach san. Gidng nhu Nong
Co min ddm, Lyic Tinh tdn van la td bao
nhdm de cd suy phong ttao Minh Tdn, nd
eiing dugc xem nhu Id ca quan ngdn Man
chinh thfie eua Hpi Minh Tan. Tieu bidu
eo Trdn Chdnh Chieu vdi tac pham Minh
tdn tieu thuyet (ldi ndi vat vd ehu thuyet
Minh Tdn): tap hgp eac bdi xa luan cua
dng vilt cho td Luc Tinh tdn vdn vdi muc
dich keu gpi ddng bao tham gia cupe
Minh Tan. Nhfing hoat ddng kmh te ciia
cdng eude Minh Tan dugc ddng tdi lien
tye dudi thdi dng G. CMdu lam chfi but.
De kMch Id viec lam an mua ban, phat
trien cdng nghe theo mye dieh duy

tan, "tren bdo Luc Tinh tdn vdn co sdng
kien de ra nhieu cugc thi, viit bdi tim hiiu
vi cdch trong (cdy), nudi (con), sdn xudt
(dd diing),... cd gidi thu&ng. Trin Luc
Tinh tdn vdn thu&ng xuyin dang tdi cdc
thdng tin ve mgi hogt dgng kinh doanh
44

cua cdc ca s& kinh doanh. Tir sd 23, bdo
Luc Tinh tdn vdn cho biet sdn sdng gi&i
thiiu nhiing tiim budn, cii gui ve ghi rd
hg tiem, ngdy khai truang, sd von" [6].
Ghi nhan edng Iao ciia Trdn Chanh Chilu
vd td Luc Tinh tdn vdn ddi vdi cdng cugc
Minh Tan ttong hogt dgng chdn hung thuc
nghidp d Nam Ky, Gido su Trdn Van Giau
vilt: "Trong th&i gian ndy, t& Luc Tinh tdn
vdn lgi la ta bdo ddng chu y nhdt, nhdt la
khi Trdn Chdnh Chiiu ldm chU biit. Ong
Chiiu la ngu&i cdm ddu phong trdo Minh
Tdn. Chinh dng ndi rdng lap bdo ra di
nham "bien cdi Nam nhdn ", khuyin khich
ngu&i An Nam lo viec thuong mdi, hoc
nghi nghiep md tranh dua quyin lgi voi
Ch$t (Hoa kieu) v&i Chd (ngu&i Java),
dng Chiiu chdng nhiing kiu ggi m& cugc
Minh Tdn, md bdn thdn dng cUng lap
hdng, keu hun, ddng th&i dng cUng keu goi
mgi ngu&i gdp sue xdy dung nen quoc
van" [7].

Vdo ddu thd ky XX, kinh doanh
cdng thuong ngMdp d Nam Ky ndi trpi
nhdt ttong ca nude khdng ehi vdi eac mgt
hang traydn tiidng nhu d Bdc Ky va Trung
Ky, md con tren nhiiu ngdnh sdn xudt mai
CO thi cgnh tranh v&i hdng hda cua Hoa
kiiu. An kieu, Phdp. Nhilu cdng ty mdi ra
ddi va md rgng ve quy md san xuat, Cac
hoat dpng kinh doanh, khdeh san, nha
hdng, dich vu van tai,... sdi ndi. Nam Ky
cd den hang ttam cdng ty, hang ehyc hdi
budn, CO sd kinh doanh cua ngudi Viet ra
ddi vd phdt triln. Nhidu ca sd cdng
thuang nghipp dugc xdy dung d khap Sai
Gdn - Chg Ldn, Long An, My Tho, Sa
Dec, Rach Gia, Bdn Tre, Bgc Lidu, VTnh
Long... Mpt sd CO sd kinh doanh ndi tiei^
nhu: Chieu Nam Ldu, hang xa phong
Canard (Con vit). Nam Trang khach san,

• JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY •


TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA CONG NGHg - S 6 11 - TRU&NG BAI HQC PHAM VAN D^NG

Minh Tan khach san. Nam Ky Minh Tdn
cdng nghe. Tan Hda thuang hdi, Minh
Tdn thuong cude, Nam Ky thuong cupe,
Y dugc cdng ty...
So vdi Bac Ky va Trung Ky thudng

kinh doanh vd cae mat hang truyin thdng,
thi Nam Ky loai hinh kinh doanh da dgng,
trai rdng ra mpi Imh vue, dac bipt Id
nhung khu vye ngudi Vi^t vdn ydu the, bj
tu bdn chen ep nhu kinh doanh thdc gao
(Minh Tan me coc tdng eupc), kinh doanh
an udng, khdch san (CMeu Nam Ldu,
Minh Tan khdeh san...), dich vy van tdi
(Udc Ldp hoa thuyin), y dugc, sdn xuat
xd phdng, in dn, thudc da, cbl tgo pha Ie...
Ngodi ra, nMdu logi Mnh kinh doanh ddu
tidn xudt hien nhu td ehfic dao tgo nghd
kinh doanh, kd toan, thud, tu van phap
ludt, tham cM ca md hinh sieu tM (Nam
Ky thuang cude)...
Vd mat hinh thuc to chuc ldnh
doanh (quan he san xudt) d Nam Ky, tinh
chdt tu ban ehu nghTa thd hien ro net han.
NMeu CO sd cong thuang d Nam Ky cd
didu Id boat ddng gidng nhu edc edng ty
cua m san Phap. Tieu bieu nhat la Minh
Tdn cdng nghe. Bieu le cong ty gdm 8
dogn, 24 khodn; dogn I de cgp din my.c
dich cita Minh Tdn Cdng nghi; dogn II de
cgp din cdch hiin vdn; doan III ve moi lgi
ddnh cho nhirng ngu&i cophdn hiin vd cdc
ca s& do cdng ty lgp ra; dogn IV noi ve le
ldi, cdch thuc qudn tri cdng ty; dogn V vi
cdch gui tien & ngdn hdng; doan VI vi
cdch chia l&i; dogn VII vi cdch gidi the vd

dogn VIII ve cdch dn djnh luang bdng cho
ngu&i ldm viec [8]. Ddy la mgt phuong
thuc td ehue kinh doanh tan tidn, md
phdng theo each quan tti cdng ty, xi
ngMep ldn cua tu bdn Phdp md luc dd ddi

vdi doanh nhdn ngudi Viet edn rat xa la.
Cdng ty cd sd vdn ed dinh la 1.000 ddng
va mdi phdn him khong dudi 10 ddng
(bdng 25 quan tidn - France). Minh Tan
cdng nghd to chfie sdn xuat va kinh doanh
da Imh vyc, Idp cae 16, xudng san xuat
nhu: 16 keo spi, 16 may chi (mdy keo sgi
bong vdi), 16 xd phong, lam pha le, lam
didm,... Ben egnh dd, cdng ty cdn to chuc
dao tao ngudn nhan lyc co ttinh dd, giao
dye hudng ve thyc nghipp, nhdm phdt
ttiln thi lyc canh ttanh vdi tu bdn Phdp vd
Hoa kilu. Hogt ddng sdn xudt kinh doanh
eua cdng ty didn ra manh me, cd kha nang
eanh ttanh vdi hang hda cua Phap vd Hoa

kilu.
Khdng chi ddy manh kinh doanh,
cac nhd thyc ngMep d N^n Ky cdn hd hao
tdy chay hdng hda cua Hoa Ideu, keu gpi
dimg hdng npi hda. Ddy la mdt net khdc
biet so vdi Bdc Ky vd Trung Ky. Bdi vi tu
san ngudi Hoa da nam nhihig vai tto then
ehdt ttong nin kmh tl Sdi Gdn, dac biet

ttong edc Imh vuc thuong nghiep, dich vy,
mpt sd nganh cdng ngMep vd tidu thu
cdng nghidp d Nam Ky dupc thuc ddn
Phap dung dudng dd lam doi ttpng vdi
ngudi Viet vl mat kinh td.
2.4. Sau CMen tranh thi gidi thfi
nhat, phong trdo ehdn hung thue nghiep
tilp tye diln ra mgnh me do giai cdp tu
san dan toe lanh dao vd vdn ddng. Tren
cae td bdo ciia tu san dan tpc nhu Thuc
nghiip ddn bdo, Khai hoa nhdt bdo, HOu
Thanh, Luc tinh tdn vdn... tidp tue hd hao
chan hung thyc ngMep tten cac ITnh vue,
nhu danh gia vM trb eiia thuc nghipp ddi
vdi ddt nude, khdng djnh vai tto cua timg
ngdnh kinh td (cdng, ndng, thucmg
nghiep), chdn hung ndi hda, bdi trfi ngogi

• JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY •

45


TAP CHi KHOA HQC VA C Q N G NGHg - SO 11 - TRUONG BAI HQC PHAM VAN B Q N G

hda, tiianh lap cac hpi cdng tiiucmg [9].
Cupe van dpng ehdn hung thyc ngM^p cua
giai cdp tu sdn Viet Nam vua di vao ehieu
sdu, vira md mang vl ehieu rpng va dat
dugc mpt sd kit qua dang kl ttdn nhilu

mat. Trong ddng chay mdi eua phong trdo
ehdn hung tiiyc nghiep sau CMen ttanh
the gidi tiifi nhdt, euge van ddng chdn
hung thye nghiep d Nam Ky tiep tuc didn
ra mgnh me. So vdi dau thd ky XX, qui
md cua phong trdo chdn hung thyc ngMep
d Nam Ky ttong nhiing nam 1919-1929
ldn hon, didn ra tten nMeu ve ITnh vye
kinh doanh vd Mnh thuc the Men (sd
ngudi tham gia kinh doanh, vdn ddu tu,
Mnh thfie td chfie kinh doanh, sd lugng
eac eo sd kinh doanh tdng Idn, nhieu
nganh nghd ban ddu thi ky XX). Cae
doanh nhdn md rdng boat dpng tten hau
het cac ITnh vuc kinh te: budn ban ldn
nhd; sfia chfia co khi, giao thdng van tdi;
sdn xudt cdc vat phdm edng ngMep (chi
ddu nhim, xd phdng, son, dudng) den cae
vdt lidu xdy dyng: gaeh ngoi, hay cae dd
dan dung (dd sdnh su, gdm...); cdng
ngMep ehl bien gao; cdng ngMep det, sdn
xudt dipn... Tieu bilu nhu Lien dodn ky
nghe Rach Gia thanh lap nam 1927, vdn
dau tien: $12,000; Cdng ty Tu Phy d Chg
Ldn chuyen kinh doanh xang dau, phu
tung d td, vdn $20,000. Cdng ty Thuan
Hda vdn l.OOO.OOOFr. Kmh doanh ky
nghe dien Id ITnh vuc mdi. Cdng ty dien
Rgch Gia ra ddi (1921) vdi sd vdn ban ddu
$ 150.000. Le Phat An vd Phan Tung Long

tiianh ldp cae cdng ty sdn xuat dien d Sai
Gdn, Chau Ddc, Long Xuyen, Trd Vmh,
vdn ban dau $400,000. Viec thdnh lgp cdc
nhd mdy xay xat ggo di xuat khdu diin ra
mgnh nhdt cd nu&c. Nhung nha may nay
e6 cdng suit tu vai chye din vai ttdm md

Iuc, san xudt moi ngay tu vai ehyc din
ttam tdn gao, co tu vai ba edng nhan din
hang ehyc va ca ttam cdng nhdn. Tieu
bieu Id cdc nhd may Idn nhu: nha may Le
Vdn Tiet, mdi ngay xay 16 tdn ggo; nha
may Nguyen CMeu Thdng mdi ngay xay
100 tdn thdc va nhd may cua Nguyin
Thanh Lidm mdi ngay xay dupe 100 t&i
gao. Nha may ggo Duy Long eua Nguyin
Vdn Nhidn, 100 md lue, sdn xudt 30 tdn
gao moi ngdy, sfi dyng 12 cdng nhan. Nha
may ggo Tu Nhuan, lap nam 1925, edng
sudt 300 md lue, ndng suat 100 tin/ngay,
sfi dyng 40 edng nhan... Ngodi ra, eon co
mpt sd nha may hay xudng xay xat gao
nho. .
Hogt dpng kinh doanh cdn dien ra a
cae ITnh vue phi kinh te khac nhu in ^
phat hanh sach bao hay md rdng ddu tu
vao nha hat, phim dnh. NMIU doanh nhan
cd vdn Idn, kinh doanh tong hgp tten
nMeu ITnh vyc, ed nhieu bdt ddng sdn lan,
ca vl ddt dai, hdm md, xi nghiqi ddn cac

phuang tidn van chuyen. Cd nhiing edng
xudng, nha may, thu hut hang chuc, hang
ttam cdng nhdn. Tu chd la nhung hoat
dpng dcm le, nay nhung nhd tu sdn da biet
lien ket nhau ttong kinh doanh san xuat
Cac cdng ty, cdc hdi dodn eiia eac nhd tir
sdn Viet Nam d Nam Ky ndi tiep nhau ra
ddi, nhilu nha tu san ldn xuat hidn, nhieu
cdng ty cua ngudi Viet Nam dung ngay
bdn eanh cac nha tu ban va cac edng ty tu
ban nude ngoai nhu Traong Van Ben, Li
Phat Vinh, Le Phat An, Nguyin Thanh
Lidm... Hogt ddng dich vu, budn ban
khdng phai chi d ttong nude nhu trudc ma
md rdng sang Trung Qude, Hdng Kdng,
Nhgt Bdn, Phap...

• JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY •


TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA C 6 N G N G H E - S 6 11 - TRU6'NG DAI HQC PHAM V A N D 6 N G

Mpt net ndi bdt eua hogt dgng chdn
himg thue nghiep d Nam Ky sau CMin
ttanh the gidi thfi nhdt Id kinh doanh tren
ITnh vuc tdi chinh - ngdn hdng. Hoat ddng
nay cM ed d Nam Ky. Ddy la Imh vye
tmdc d6 danh cho ngudi Phap, ngucri Hoa
vd ngudi An. Nam 1927, bac sT Nguyin
Van TMnh cung Luu Van Lang, Nguyin

Tdn Ha, Thdi Van Lan... thanh lap Cdng
ty Tin dung An Nam (con dugc ggi la
Ngdn hang Vidt Nam) do Nguyin Van
Lap lam gidm ddc, nham giiip cho cac nha
cdng thuang Vidt Nam vay vdn dl phat
trien kinh doanh nhu ttong Idi cd dgng.
Try sd eua cdng ty dgt tai Sai Gon, vdn ed
dinh $250,000/1000 cd phdn. Ndm 1929,
5 nha tu san Viet Nam Id Truang Tdn Vi,
Ngd Trang Tinh, Traong Van Tudn,
Nguydn Tdn Van, Dang Van Ddn ldp
Cdng ty Bdo hiim 6 td An Nam, sd vdn
$200.000...
Kinh doanh tren link vuc ddn diin
trong Ma vd cao su ciing Id mgt net noi
bdt ddng chd y & Nam Ky sau Chien tranh
thi gi&i thu nhdt nhd dua vdo thi manh
cua nguon tai nguyen ddt dai mdu md va
nhu edu thi trudng. Tidu bilu nhu ddn
dien cao su cua Le Phdt Vmh vd Nguydn
Huu Hao cd didn tich 388 ha d Gia Dinh
va Bd Ria. Cdng ty Hu^mh Trinh Ldc co
131 ha d Thu Ddu Mpt. Ddn diln cua Le
Phdt Tan rdng 200 ha va Nguyin Van Cua
rpng 300 ha d Bidn Hda, Nguyen Thi Tam
cd ddn didn d Gia Dinh rpng 350 ha. Cung
tai Gia Dinh, ddn dien eua Trdn Van Tu
rpng 360 ha....
Trong ede chu the dong vai ttd quan
ttgng ttong cugc vgn ddng chdn hung tiiyc

nghiep d Nam Ky, bd phgn dia chu tu sdn
hoa Cling tham gia ddng dao. CJ Bac Ky vd

Trang Ky, sd dia ehii tu san hoa bang viee
lap hdi budn, md xi ngMdp khdng phdi Id
it, tuy nhidn d Nam Ky, xu the nay phat
trien manh hon, didu ndy dd didn ra tu ddu
the ky XX. Trong dieu kien tap trung
rapng ddt dien ra mgnh, san pham liia gao
da bi euon manh vdo thi tradng, ndn c6
nMeu dia chu bd vdn ra Idp cac edng ty
budn ban lua ggo kiem lgi, hoac him vdn
vao thanh lap ede cdng ty, xi ngMep khac
nhu xay xdt gao, xudng cua, xudng det,
nha mdy dien, hoat dpng ttong ITnh vyc tai
ehinh - ngan hang. Trdn Trinh Trgch - dai
dia chu d Bac Lieu co 17.000 mdu tay
rapng ddt, Nguydn Tdn Sfi - dai dia chu d
Ba Ria... ddu gdp cd phdn trong Ngdn
hang Viet Nam; mdt sd dia ehu d Trd
Vinh lap nhd mdy dien... Id nhihig vi dy.
Tren eon dudng kinh doanh thuc
nghiep, dd ehdng lai su ehen ep cua tu ban
nude ngoai va chinh quyen thudc dja,
ndng eao dia vi kinh te tten thuang
trudng, tu sdn ngucri Vidt d Nam Ky da
lien ket vdi nhau ttong cac td chuc hdi
dodn dd bao vd quyen Igi eho nhau: Cong
ty Nam Ky thuang mgi ky nghe xd hgi.
Khong gidng nhu Bac Ky va Trung K;^,

giai cap tu san chi mdi thdnh lap cdc hdi
edng thuang (nhu Hdi thdu khodn di hOu,
Trung Ky cdng thuang gia hgi, Bac Ky
cong thuang dong nghidp sau ddi thdnh
Hdi Trung Bdc Ky cdng ndng thuong
tuong ti...) de bao ve quyen lgi cho minh;
d Nam Ky, giai cdp tu sdn dd thdnh lap
Bdng Lap hien (1923) dd ddu ttanh doi
thyc ddn Phap ban bd cae quyen tu do,
ddn chu ttong khudn khd ehe dp ty tti.
Khdng cM nd luc kinh doanh egnh
ttanh vdi tu ban Phap va Hoa kilu, & Nam
Ky con dien ra cdc cugc ddu tranh true

• JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY •

47


TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA C Q N G N G H E - S O 11 - TRUONG DAI HQC PHAM VAN OuNli

diin chdng lgi s{c chen ep, cgnh tranh ciia
tu bdn Phdp vd Hoa kiiu trudc su ehung
kiln cua cac chinh quydn thudc dia nhu:
Phong trdo tdy chay hdng ngogi hoa
(1919) bdt ddu tu Nam Ky lan tda ra ca
nude. Ddy la sy tilp tue cuoc van dpng tdy
chay hdng hoa Hoa kieu diln ra d Nam Ky
ddu thd ky XX; Phong trdo chdng ddc
quyin xudt cdng lua ggo & Nam Ky{l9\9)

cua ngudi Hoa, Phong trdo chdng ddc
quyen xudt nhap khdu cdng Sdi Gon
(1923) cua tu ban Phap. Nhung ydu cdu vl
binh ddng ttong tu do kinh doanh vdi
ngudi Phap va ngudi Hoa dugc dat ra nhu
doi tbanh lap phdng eanh ndng va thuang
mai rieng eho ngucri Vidt Nam, chong dpc
quyen mudi, doi gidm thud xudt nhgp
khau, ddi hudng quy ehe kinh doanh nhu
ngudi Phap ma chinh quyen thye ddn ban
hanh nam 1899...
3. KET LUAN
La vung ddt sdm ttd thanh thude dia
eua thye dan Phap, Nam Ky cMu tae ddng
sdm cua quan he san xudt tu ban chu
nghia, ddng thdi eo nhiing ca chd phdp
Mat tiidng thodng hon d Bdc Ky va Tnmg
Ky. Tren ca sd tinh thdn dge lap dan tdc
vd ca sd vdn hoa ngan nam cua ddn tgc,
nhiing nhd tri thue thfie thdi vd huu sdn
yeu nude d Nam Ky da eo y thue chdn
hung thye nghipp sdm va hp da nhanh
chdng hda nhap vdi ttao luu chdn hung
thye ngMep eiia dan tdc dl kit hgp euu
nude vdi duy tdn.
Do tae ddng ciia nhfing dilu kidn
chinh tn, kmh tl, xa hpi d Nam Ky, nen

48


boat d^ng chan hung thyc nghidp d Nam
Ky ddu the ky XX cd nhftng net khae so
vdi Bac Ky vd Tnmg Ky ve thdi gian tiln
hanh; thanh phdn khdi xudng; quy md,
hinh thfie td ehfic, ITiih vyc thye hanh a
mfie do cao ban...
Sau Chien ttanh thd gidi thu nhdt,
giai cdp tu sdn d Nam Ky cimg vdi giai
edp tu sdn ed nude tiep tye day manh cugc
van ddng chdn hung thvtc ngM^ da ra dai
vao ddu the ky XX. Ben eanh nhiing net
gidng vdi phong ttao chan hung thyc
ngMdp d Bdc KJ va Trung Ky, phong ttdo
chan hung thue nghidp d Nam Ky eiing co
nhiing net rieng. Nam Ky la nai khdi diiu
phong ttao ddu tranh tdy chay hang ngoai
hda (1919), ddu ttanh trye didn vdi chinh
quyen tiiue dan de xda bo dde quyen cua
tu ban Phap va tu ban Hoa kilu tten mpt
sd ITnh vue ttong nhihig ndm 1919-1923.
Mgt sd luih vuc kinh doanh la net rieng
eua Nam Ky nhu tai ehinh - ngdn hang, ky
nghd didn vd xay xdt gao, kinh doanh don
dien (ttdng lua va cao su). Neu nhu Bac
Ky va Trung Ky ehi mdi thanh lap hpi
cdng thuong, thi d Nam Ky, giai cap tu
san dd thdnh lap ddng ehinh tri (Dang Lap
Men) ... de bao ve quyen Ipi cho gjai cap
minh.
Nhfing tiiMih qud eda phong ttao

chan hung thuc ngMpp d Nam Ky khdng
chi tae dgng den tinh hinh ehinh tri, kinh
te, xa hdi d Nam Ky ma cdn tten phgm vi
ca nude, till Mpn sy thuc tinh cua ddn tpc
Viet Nam ve mgt kinh td ttdn con dudng
kit hgp cuu nude vdi duy tan de ty cudng
dan tde.

. JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY •


TAP CHl KHOA HOC VA CpNG NGHg - S 6 11 - TRUpNG BAI HQC PH»M VAN B O N G

TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
[1] Thuong c6 luan, Nong co min dim, so 6, tr.3, 5/9/1901.
[2] Thuong ca luan, Nong comin tam, so 11, tr.2, 10/10/1901.
[3] Thuong c6 luan, Nong c6 min iam, s6 47, tr.2, 17/7/1902.
[4] Son Nam, Phong trio Duy Tdn a Bic - Tmng - Nam, Mien Nam Mu thi ki XX Thien dia hoi & cuoc Minh Tdn - Tai ban lin thii nhit, NXB Tre, Thinh ph6 H6 Chi
Minh, tr.72, 1994.
[5] Do Quang Hung, Lich sii Mo chi Viet Nam (1865-1945), NXB Dji hoc Qu6c gia Ha
Noi, tr.30, 2000.
[6] Nguyen HiJu Hieu, Mot tram ndm cuoc Minh Tdn & Nam Ky, Tap chi Xua va Nay, so
236, tr.29,2007.
[7] Trin Van Giau, Bia chi Thanh phd H6 Chi Minh, tap I, NXB Thanh ph6 H6 Chi
Minh,tr. 229, 1987.
[8] Son Nam, Phong trdo Duy Tdn & Bdc - Trung - Nam. Miin Nam ddu the ki XX Thien dia hoi & cuoc Minh Tdn - Tai ban lin thii nhat, NXB Tre, Thanh ph6 H6 Chi
Mmh, 1994.
[9] Trin Viet Nghia, Hoat dong chan himg thuc nghiep cua tu sdn Viet Nam ddu the ky
XX, Nghien dm lich su, s6 378, tr.24, 7/2008.


• JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY •

49


TAP CHl KHOA HQC VA C 6 N G N G H E - S O 11 - TRU6'NG BAI HOC HH^^M V A N SOivG

OUSTANDING FEATURES OF THE COIMMERCIAL AND INDUSTRIAL
REHABILITATION MOVEMENT IN THE SOUTHERN REGION DURING THE
EARLY 30 YEARS OF THE 20*'' CENTURY
Tran Thi Kim Phuong'
ABSTRACT
The formation of the Commercial and Industrial Rehabilitation Movement was
associated with the reformist movement following the Bourgeois Bemocratic Tendency in
Vietnam in the early 20''' century. The operation of the Commercial and Industrial
Rehabilitation Movement in Nam Ky (Southern Vietnam) was part of this movement. The
contents and operations of the Commercial and Industrial Rehabilitation Movement in
the Southern region in the early 20''' Century were more modern than those in the North
and the Central regions. Newspapers played an important role in this campaign. Some
business areas had become the specific features of the Commercial and Industrial
Rehabilitation Movement in the Southern region after World War II. including financing,
banking, electrical engineering, rice milling, and plantation trading. The southern region
was the starting point of the movement to boycott foreign goods (in 1919) and to fight
directly with the colonial administrations in order get rid of the monopoly of French and
Chinese capitalists in some areas. The Bourgeoisie formed its political party (the
Constitutionalist Party) to protect the interests of its class.
Keywords: Modernism, commercial and industrial rehabilitation, Bourgeois.
Southern region
csso
' Hpc vien Cao hoe khoa 2015-2017 - Trudng Dgi hpc Quy Nhon


• JOURNAL OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY •