Editor in chief
NGUYEN BACH KHOA
Deputy Editor in Chief

SECTRETARY OF EDITORIAL OFFICE
PHAM MINH DAT
Editor in English
NGUYEN THI LAN PHUONG
Editorial SCIENTIFIC COUNCIL
Dinh Van SON - Thuong mai University, Vietnam - President
Pham Vu LUAN - Thuong mai University, Vietnam - Vice President
Nguyen Bach KHOA - Thuong mai University, Vietnam - Deputy President
THE Members

Vu Thanh Tu ANH - Fulbright University in Vietnam, USA
Le Xuan BA - Centural Institude for Economic Managerment, Vietnam
Hervé B. BOISMERY - University of La Reuinion, France
H. Eric BOUTIN - Toulon Var University, France
Nguyen Thi DOAN - Vietnam Learning Promotion Association, Vietnam
Haasis HANS - Dietrich - Institute of Shipping Economics and Logistics (isl) Bremen - Germany
Le Quoc HOI - National Economic University, Vietnam
Nguyen Thi Bich LOAN - Thuong mai University, Vietnam
Nguyen Hoang LONG - Thuong mai University, Vietnam
Nguyen MAI - Vietnam Economist Association, Vietnam
Duong Thi Binh MINH - University of Economics HoChiMinh City, Vietnam
Hee Cheon MOON - Korean Trade Research Association, South Korea
Bui Xuan NHAN - Thuong mai University, Vietnam
Luong Xuan QUY - Vietnam Economicst Association, Vietnam
Nguyen Van Song - Vietnam National University of Agriculture
Nguyen TAM - California State University, USA
Truong Ba THANH - University of Danang, Vietnam

Dinh Van THANH - Institude for Trade Research, Vietnam
Do Minh THANH - Thuong mai University, Vietnam
Le Dinh THANG - University of Québec à Trois Riviéres, Canada
Tran Dinh THIEN - Vietnam Institute of Economics, Vietnam
Nguyen Quang THUAN - Vietnam Academy of Social Sciences, Vietnam
Le Nhu TUYEN - Grenoble École de Managment, France
Washio TOMOHARU - Kwansei Gakuin University, Japan
Zhang YUJIE - Tsinghua University, China


Journal of
Trade Science
Volume 5

Number 1

April 2017

CONTENTS

1. Nguyen Thi Phuong LIEN - Solutions to Develop Government Bond Market in Vietnam
2. Nguyen Tran HUNG - Attract Online Customers to Job Websites in Vietnam

Page

3
13

3. Nguyen Thi Kim OANH - Research Factors Affecting Hanoi Consumers Buying Decisions of
Fashion Products


24

4. Chu Viet CUONG - Trade development in the mountainous region of northern Vietnam: Lessons
from Chongqing and Yunnan, China

33

5. Dang Thi Minh NGUYET - Factors Affecting Productive Efficiency of Vietnam Joint Stock
Commercial Bank for Industry and Trade

41

6. Ying-Kai LIAO and Vu Minh QUAN and Alfiyatul Qomariyah - An Integrative Approach to
Investigate Antecedents, Moderators and Consequences of Brand Equity

53


journal of Trade Science 5:1 (2017) 33 - 40

’S JTS

Chu Viet Cuong
Thuong mai University
Email:

Received: 20th January 2017

Revised: 6th March 2017


Approved: 13th March 2017

he mountainous region of northern Vietnam is potential to develop agriculture, forestry, hydro power, minerals, tourism and border gate economic zones. However, this region has been facing difficulties because
of poor economic conditions, backward development, and low socio-cultural awareness (as people there mainly
belong to ethnic minority groups). This requires appropriate policies to promote trade in the mountainous region
of Vietnam. Based on two experiential lessons from Chongqing and Yunnan, the author has drawn some experiences and useful measures to develop trade in the region.
Keywords: Trade development, mountainous region of northern Vietnam, experiential lessons
1. Theoretical basis, frameworks, and research
methods
Mountainous provinces of northern Vietnam are a
large region, which plays an important role in developing national security, defense, economy, politics,
culture and society. Therefore, for tens of years,
Vietnamese Communist Party and the government
have been giving special treatments to the region with
preferential policies in socio-economic development
and poverty reduction in order to promote socio-economic development and to preserve cultural identity,
which allows these provinces to fairly and stably
develop and to make contribution to fulfill the common target of the country. There are a lot of programs
and policies that have been set up in these provinces
such as the National Targeted Program for Poverty

Reduction, CT 135, CT 134, and decision no. 30A.
In addition to early achievement of the programs
and projects, there have been several challenges in
developing the region such as: poor living condition,
developed but unsustainable economy, lack of connection among these provinces, and unfair investment in
infrastructure especially in transportation. Besides, the
percentage of poor households and the risk of falling
back into poverty are still high. Most localities of the

region have not had any strategy in training, recruiting
and using high quality human resources especially
ethic minority people, and special compensation and
benefits packages. Drug using and trafficking still
occur, particularly in near-border provinces. In order to
effectively develop trade in mountainous provinces of
northern Vietnam and deal with these problems, it is
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essential for Vietnamese Communist Party and the
government to take sound steps which is suitable for
cultural and socio-economic features of the region. It is
also significant to learn from other provinces with similar geographical and cultural features in our neighborhood, China. As Vietnam and China share the same
border and have gone through thousands of years
together so there are similarities between the two countries in culture, people, and custom. Moreover,
Chongqing and Yunnan have the same features as
mountainous provinces of northern Vietnam in many
aspects. For example, the two provinces also possess
mountainous terrain with an abundance of natural
resources but poor economic condition. The people
here are mainly ethnic minority ones, which creates the
racial and linguistic diversity. However, after nearly a
decade of implementing development policies,
Chongqing and Yunnan have gained remarkable

achievements in economy, culture and society. This is
a valuable lesson in trade development for the mountainous region of northern Vietnam.
In this research, trade development of a socio-economic zone is the process of transformation and manufacture based on market orientation and regional
comparative advantages to improve the quality and
efficiency of the trade process and the market in order
to accomplish the socio-economic development goal in
the long term.
This research has been conducted when the quality of the market and trade in the northwest region of
Vietnam is still low on both sides: the first side is
consumer goods and means of production distribution
system from developed regions to the northwest
region and the other side is agricultural goods distribution system from the northwest region to its potential markets.
Therefore, trade development in the northwest
region should be based on its core factors which means
the input factors of the trade process). Next, in order to
ensure the stability and sustainability of trade development, it is necessary to consider efficient factors of
each system. Finally, it needs to be developed innovative factors and a creative system as a perfect whole.

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This research focuses on the first factors which is
to improve the "input" factors of the trade system
including: the infrastructure factors, the unique comparative advantages factors, the human resources factors, the attraction and openness of the region's market
factors to allure trade investment and tourism, and
trade - economic connection factors. The research

framework for trade development in the northwest
region of Vietnam based on the input factors is demonstrated in the figure no. 1.
Research method: In this research, the author has
applied the comparison and contrast method with the
following steps: Firstly, the author chose a locality or a
region which has similarities and dominant achievements in trade development of the region near China.
Next, through field trips, he identified and analyzed
how the region has developed trade. Then, he analyzed
the advantages and disadvantages of the northwest
trade zone of Vietnam. Finally, he came up with solutions to develop the northwest region.
2. Pragmatic experiences in trade development
of China
When studying about trade zone development in
Chongqing and Yunnan, two outstanding provinces of
China, it is clear to realize that there are common policies applied to both provinces, such as: utilizing natural resources, adjusting sectors to appropriately develop, investing in infrastructure to create motivation
development. Furthermore, while Chongqing tends to
sustainably develop and protect natural environment,
Yunnan focuses on improving the quality of education
and labor as well as opening market and enhancing
domestic and foreign trade. This is not only the key
leading to success in trade zone development but also
a lesson for Vietnam to learn.
2.1. Lessons from Chongqing
In March 1997, Chongqing was separated from
Sichuan and became a national central city as well as
one of the ten provinces, cities and autonomous
regions of western China. Located on the edge of the
Tibetan Plateau and flown cross by the upper course of
the Yangtze, Chongqing borders the following
provinces: Hubei, Hunan, Guizhou, Sichuan and



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Infrastructure development
Commercial human resources
development

Unique factors and market
identity development

Trade development efficiency
in the northwest
region

Attraction and openness of the
region’s market development
Intra-regional and interregional
economic - trade structure
development

Source: Reference
Figure 1:The research framework for trade development in the northwest region of Vietnam
Shaanxi. It is not only the youngest city of China but
also the fastest growing one. Although Chongqing's
area is just 82,400km2, its population is higher than
Iraq, Peru and Malaysia (its population as of 2006 is 32
million people). [3] The establishment of Chongqing

has been considered as a breakthrough and a significant policy in promoting economic development in the
western region.
Pragmatic experiences in trade development of
Chongqing
Rapid development of infrastructure
Compared to eastern provinces, the infrastructure
of western provinces in general and of Chongqing in
particular was more underdeveloped, which hinder
economic development. Therefore, China invested in
improving infrastructure with the slogan "big investment, bigger construction, and gaining a head start by

taking a shortcut". Chongqing's infrastructure mainly
includes transportation and electrical grids.
Chongqing's transportation has gained remarkable
achievements, thanks to the strategic position of the
city, as follows [4]:
- Five freeways have been built in Chongqing
and the most important one is Chengdu Chongqing freeway which connects two urban
cities "level one" of the western China. (Urban
cities "level one" are central cities which are able to
create breakthroughs. After short period of development, these urban cities will spread and become
significant sources for the economic development
of the western region.)
- Three railways have been constructed in
Chongqing in which Lanzhou - Chongqing railway is
the one connecting the North and the South. It is estiJOURNAL OF
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mated that by 2020, eight major railways will have
been built in Chongqing.
- Chongqing international airport has launched
flight routes to Hongkong, Dusseldorf, Tokyo,
Nagoya, and Seoul.
- Located in the highlands of the Yangtze river,
Chongqing harbor can accommodate vessels up to
12,000 tons. Furthermore, the Three Gorges Dam also
helps raising the water level so vessels can move
faster, which takes less time to go to Shanghai.
- In addition to developing transportation, China
also invests in electrical grids. Thanks to the water
power resources of the Yangtze river, the Three Gorges
hydropower station has been built with an estimated
maximum capacity of 22.5 gigawat, accounting for 11
percent of China's total hydropower capacity. [5]
Focusing on dealing with ecological problems
Located in the highlands of the Yangtze river, source
water and land protection has played an important role
in not only Chongqing's but also the lowlands' development. Therefore, the plan of building environmental
protection centers has been implemented. According to
scientists, China should not make the same mistakes as
developed countries but it should exploit and protect
natural at the same time as well as ensure the balance
between the socio-economic development and environment, human development and nature.
As a result, China imposes a ban on deforestation
in the highlands of the Yangtze river and it also transforms timber and lumber companies into forest protection units. Furthermore, China has tried to build waste

water treatment centers.
The development of "special economy"
Chongqing has chosen to develop sectors that have
comparative advantages. It has focused on electronics,
engines and motorcycles manufacture, information
technology and pharmaco - chemical products.
Chongqing is the fourth biggest engines manufacturing center in China and is a home to well-known
groups such as Honda and Ford. Many small-sized and
big-sized industrial clusters and zones have been
established to promote the economic development of
the city. [3]

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2.2. Lessons from Yunnan
Yunnan is located near the border of Southwest
China with the size of more than 390,000 km2. It borders provinces such as Sichuan, Guizhou, Guangxi and
Tibet as well as 3 neighboring countries such as
Myanmar, Laos and Vietnam. Also, Yunnan is close to
Thailand, Cambodia, Malaysia, Singapore, and South
Asian countries such as Bangladesh and India. As a
result, it is considered as a bridge between China and
South and Southeast Asia. Besides, Yunnan has the
highest number of ethnic groups in China. 38 percent
of the province's population is members of minorities.

Pragmatic experiences in trade development of
Yunnan
Rapid development of infrastructure
Like Chongqing in the past, the underdeveloped
infrastructure hindered the development of Yunnan.
Therefore, it is essential to construct and enhance the
infrastructure conditions there. Moreover, since
Yunnan is situated in the strategic position as stated
above, convenient transportation system is the motivation to promote the movement of goods and services.
Until 2009, Yunnan has built a total 167,000km of
roads. The highway network from Kunming connects
with the borders of 3 neighboring countries. In the airline industry, Yunnan has constructed 12 airports and
launched domestic flight routes and international flight
routes to East and Southeast Asian countries. [7]
In addition to transportation development, China
also focuses on the electrical grids. Yunnan has the
potentials of hydropower because of the system of 600
rivers with appropriate height. It is estimated that its
electricity generation capacity can be up to 470,000
million KWh which accounts for 25 percent of total
electricity generation capacity of China. Not only do
hydropower plants in Yunnan domestically provide
electricity but they also supply Southeast Asian countries such as Vietnam and Laos.
The development of "special economy"
Yunnan is rich in natural resources with 19 kinds of
minerals of high economic value which have been discovered such as tin, nickel, cobalt, and coal. Therefore,
the mining industry has had a significant place in the


journal of Trade Science


Chinese industry. Yunnan's annual total value of mineral production is more than 200 billion yuan.
Besides, Yunnan has also invested in biological
technology. Thanks to special natural geography and
climate with diversified ecosystem, Yunnan is famous
for its natural resources. Its major sectors include
tobacco production, biotechnology, medicine production especially oriental medicine, and processing agricultural products such as flowers, pecans, mushrooms
and coffee.
Tourism is also an economic pillar of Yunnan.
Diversified natural conditions and unique culture of
ethnic groups are the advantages to develop this nonsmoke industry in Yunnan. In 2005, it was in the top
ten attractions of China.
Focusing on educational development
Since Yunnan is a home to ethnic groups, the intellectual level of people here is not very high. Statistics
in 1999 showed that the illiteracy and semi-illiteracy
rate among people above 15 was 24.34 percent, which
would impede the province's development.
Consequently, the local authority has quickly universalized education and ameliorated labor qualification
and vocational education.
Market openness
Playing as a bridge between China and East and
Southeast Asian countries, Yunnan has actively opened
its market and traded with countries in the regions. In
particular, countries in the Mekong sub-region are big
partners of Yunnan in exchanging commodities such as
electronics, chemicals, and electricity. [4]
3. Socio - economic characteristics and challenges in trade development of the northwest region
of Vietnam
In order to make development policies suitable for
the mountainous provinces of northern Vietnam, it is

crucial to fully understand natural, cultural and socioeconomic characteristics of the region.
3.1. Natural geography
Under the administration of theNorthwest
Steering Committee, the region includes 12
provinces: Lai Chau, Dien Bien, Son La, Hoa Binh,
Phu Tho, Ha Giang, Lao Cai, Yen Bai, Cao Bang, Bac

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Kan, Lang Son, and Tuyen Quang. This region has an
area of 109,411km2 and a population of 10.7 million
people, accounting for more than 33 percent of the
area and approximately 12 percent of the population
of Vietnam. It shares a border with the People's
Republic of China and the Lao People's Democratic
Republic with the total border of 2,578km. It has 61
border gates consisting of 8 international border
gates, 11 national border gates and 43 auxiliary ones.
The region is situated at the transitional area between
Lao, western China, Myanmar, South China Sea and
other Asian countries. These characteristics are a testament to the important role of the region in ensuring
security, politics, culture and the stability of economic development.
Northern mountainous provinces are featured by
complex terrain with large sloping areas and divided
by high mountain ranges. The region is also the starting point of the big rivers such as the Red river, Black
river, Chay river, Lo river, Ma river and Lam river.
Diversified climate conditions have created ecological
subregions including tropical, sub-tropical, and temperate weather. The differences between the subregions are competitive advantages in goods and services of the region.
3.2. Economy
Northern mountainous areas have a great advantage in forestry development with more than 5.8 million hectares of forestry land and nearly 2 million

hectares of unused land which is capable of developing
forestry. Primary forests of the region are rich in high
quality forest products such as woods, bamboos, fruit
trees, herbs and wild animals. They also greatly contribute to hydrological inputs, ecological environment
adjustment and environmental security for Northern
and Northern Central lowlands. Besides, the northwest
region has the advantage to develop agriculture especially livestock farming and trees planting such as rubber trees, coffee trees, fruit trees and herbs.
The river system covers nearly all the region,
which not only generates over 50 percent of
hydropower capacity of Vietnam but also causes floods
and landslides. This region is also rich in mineral
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resources with high quality and quantity such as
bronze, nickel, tin and iron. This is potential to develop the mining and mineral processing industry.
3.3. Population, culture, and society
The population of northern mountainous provinces
is 10.7 million people which accounts for 12 percent of
Vietnam's population. The working-age population
represents 60 percent of the region's population. Agroforestry-fishery workers account for 70 percent, industrial workers 13 percent, service workers 17 percent of
economically active workers.[1] The labor structure is
decreasing in the agro-forestry-fishery sector and
increasing in the industry - construction - service sector. Young human resources make up for major proportion, which is not only the advantage for socio-economic development but also pressure on education and
training, employment, and daily needs.

Northern mountainous provinces are a home to
more than 30 ethnic minority groups. Kinh people
account for 37 percent of the region's population while
ethnic groups account for 67 percent. The groups
which have the highest number of people living there
are Tay, Thai, Muong, Mong, and Nung. Most people
of Mong and Dao groups live in highlands, people of
Kho Mu, Mang, Khang, and Xinh Mun groups live in
midlands and mountain sides and mountain flanks,
while people of Thai, Tay, Nung, and Muong groups
live in valleys, mountain feet, and near rivers.
Northern mountainous provinces are divided into
two distinctive areas which are the midlands and the
mountainous areas. The region includes 9 provinces,
141 towns, districts and cities, 2,541 communes and
wards, and 28,636 hamlets and villages. Also, it has
1,366 communes of extreme poverty, which accounts
for 59 percent of the total poorest communes of the
country, and 45 districts of poverty, which represents
70 percent of the poorest districts in accordance with
the government's resolution no. 30A. The midlands are
large and have synchronous infrastructure, which is
potential to develop goods economy with specialized
areas associated with the processing industry and consumer markets. On the contrary, the mountainous areas
have complex terrain and is cut sharply. The area's

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population is 5,957 people accounting for 56.13 percent of the population of the northern mountainous
provinces.
Living styles and farming practices are different
between ethnic communities. Besides, people there
often live in remote villages. The distance from villages to central areas or high ways is rather far so there
are differences in customs, qualifications and living
standards between villages and central areas.[2]
3.4. Difficulties in trade development in the northern region of Vietnam
Northern mountainous provinces border China
and Laos and are rich in mineral and forestry
resources, which is the advantage to develop their
economy. However, the differences in infrastructure,
human resources, and culture between the subregions
have greatly impaired the region's development. Here
are the main challenges in trade development of the
region [2]:
- The region is short of infrastructure for trade. The
region's stratified terrain has posed challenges in the
investment and development of infrastructure, population distribution, and the construction of industrial
zones and urban areas. Besides, it is difficult to expand
agricultural land to establish specialized goods producing areas in the way of industrialization and modernization. Furthermore, the lack of transport infrastructure has also hindered investment in the region,
increased the cost of goods, and reduced competitive
ability of enterprises.
- The region's human resources are lacking in both
quality and quantity. As a result, they are not able to
learn or apply technology to manufacturing, trade and
real-life situations. In addition, due to the distance and

isolation, the people there cannot approach to the market economic mechanism and new economic mechanism so they continue to self-sufficiency.
- There are differences in languages and customs
between ethnic groups. Therefore, it is not easy to fully
propagate the government's policies to the people in
remote areas. As a result, ethnic people, especially the
poor ones, have not understood their rights and obligations to fulfill.


journal of Trade Science

- It lacks intra-regional investment resources. The
low qualification of production has led to limited capital. Most local expenditures have been derived from
the national budget because the region does not have
enough resources to deploy creative management
methods in developing economy and society and
ensuring national security. Besides, people in the
region cannot approach goods producing methods so
they are not able to efficiently use the capital supported by the national targeted program.
- Local officers and people of the region lack
management ability. Management ability of local
officers has not met the standard so it limits the work
efficiency.
- Forestry economy has decreased. People in the
northern region of Vietnam mainly are heavily dependent on forests for their livelihood. However, many primary forests have been depleted and in danger of
exhaustion. Therefore, forest products have decreased
greatly. Without forests soil fertility, cattle feed, fresh
water and living environment cannot increase while
flash floods and landslides poses a threat to people living there. Furthermore, climate in the region is rather
harsh because it is frozen and dry in winter, which has
bad impacts on the growth of crops.

Vietnamese Communist Party and the government
have made many policies to develop trade in the
northern mountainous provinces. However, the effectiveness of these policies and programs is not really
high as the economy of the region and subregions has
shifted slowly and the living condition of people has
remained difficult. To address these problems, in
addition to being aware of the intra-region challenges, policy makers need to learn from neighboring
countries. Therefore, in the part below, the author will
present two successful stories from Chongqing and
Yunnan, China.
4. Suggestions on trade development in the
northwest region of Vietnam
Under the trend of development and integration,
region development is considered a significant policy
in sustainable development. Programs and policies
which concentrate on developing strategic geographi-

’S JTS

cal but poor regions have gained much investment
from the government. The northern mountainous
provinces have competitive advantages for trade
development such as diversified natural resources and
unique cultural identity. However, the region has faced
a lot of difficulties in development such as low quality
infrastructure and human resources or natural disasters. Therefore, it is essential to mitigate problems and
promote potentials to generate profit for the region.
This should be taken from experiences of Chongqing
and Yunnan whose conditions are similar to that of the
northern region of Vietnam.

The author thinks that we can learn from studies
in the characteristics, history and development policies of Chongqing and Yunnan to develop trade in the
northern region. In particular, he believes that it is
appropriate to focus on sustainable development in
associated with special economy development. Steps
should be taken logically to avoid mistakes in investment, resources allocation or policy and program
implementation.
Firstly, the most important thing is investing in
infrastructure, especially transportation networks in
districts, communes and villages, to promote goods
manufacturing and exchanging. Complete infrastructure and transportation networks will contribute to cultural and socio-economic development.
Secondly, the government needs to quickly realize
strengths of each subregion to build strategies for
industrial and services cluster development. This will
help to utilize and promote full potentials and
resources available of every subregion. Besides, significant sector development strategies should ensure
both particular characteristics of each subregion and
general ones of the whole region. Industry sector needs
to focus on natural conservations, woods and herbs
processing, and mining industry. In addition, services
sector should diversely develop cultural tourism, community-based tourism and tourist attractions tourism.
Thirdly, it is critical to develop education and environment protection in the way of sustainable development. With regard to education, it is necessary to focus
on vocational training and implementing vocational
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development projects in localities. As a result, people
there will have an opportunity to study and work at the
same, which will ensure the living quality improvement and their livelihood. Besides, companies which
are exploiting natural resources of the region must hold
responsibilities for the environmental protection and
the full weight of the law should be imposed.
The last but not least is financial problems which
have influences on methods above. Due to the lack of
capital resources, it is critical for public and private
sectors to collaborate with each other. However, it is
also crucial to determine the rights, obligations and
responsibilities and interest distribution of each development program and project to avoid group interests
which can badly effect on the implementation.
Besides, each project or program should mention interregional assistance, which means provinces which are
close to other provinces are more convenient to help
each other while provinces which are far from other
provinces can make technological, financial and orientation aid each other.
References:
1. Vietnam Institute for Development Strategies.
Overall plan forsocio - economic development of
Northern midland and mountainous region by 2020,
Ministry of Planning and Investment.

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2. Le Kha Dau, Analysis and evaluation report on
the National Targeted Programs in the period of 2001
- 2015 in the northwest region, A special subject of scientific project no. NCKH-TB/13-18, 2014.
3. http://www. China-briefing.com

4. Nguyen Kim Bao, et al., The adjustment of
Chinese economic policies (From 1992 to 2010). 2004:
Social Sciences Publishing House.
5.
6. .
7. Zhenming.Z, Yunnan's industrial development
policy and intermediate goods trade with MRBCs, in
intermediate goods trade in East Asia: Economic
deepening through FTAs/EPAs. 2011, Bangkok
Research Centre.
Summary
Miền núi là khu vực giàu tiềm năng, với lợi thế
phát triển nông, lâm nghiệp, thủy điện, khoáng sản,
du lòch và kinh tế cửa khẩu. Tuy nhiên, đây cũng là
khu vực còn gặp rất nhiều khó khăn do kinh tế nghèo
nàn, chậm phát triển, trình độ văn hóa xã hội thấp
(chủ yếu là người dân tộc thiểu số)… Điều này đã đặt
ra yêu cầu cần phải có những chính sách phù hợp để
phát triển thương mại miền núi của Việt Nam. Dựa
vào bài học từ 2 tỉnh Trùng Khánh và Vân Nam của
Trung Quốc, bài viết sẽ rút ra một vài kinh nghiệm
và giải pháp hữu ích cho phát triển thương mại các
tỉnh miền núi phía Bắc của Việt Nam.

CHU VIET CUONG
1. Personal Profile:
- Name: Chu Viet Cuong
- Date of birth: 09/6/1981
- Title: Master
- Workplace: Thuong mai University

- Position: Officer
2. Major research directions:
- Commercial economy
- Regional economic development
- Economic management
3. Publications the author has published his works:
- Trade Science Review

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