VIETNAM ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES
GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

NGUYEN LE THY GIANG

MANAGEMENT OF EDUCATING SELF-DEFENSE
SKILLS FOR ELEMENTARY PUPILS IN THE
MOUNTAINOUS COMMUNES OF HANOI CITY
Major : Education Management
No. : 9.14.01.14

SUMMARY OF DISSERTATION OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY
IN EDUCATION MANAGEMENT

HANOI - 2019


The work is completed in
GRADUATE ACADEMY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES

Supervisor: Assoc.Prof.PhD. Le Kim Long
Reviewer 1: Assoc.Prof.PhD. Nguyen Xuan Thuc

Reviewer 2: Assoc.Prof.PhD. Nguyen Thi Thanh Huyen

Reviewer 3: Dr. Nguyen Thi Yen Thoa

The dissertation will be defended in front of the Doctoral Thesis Jury
at the Academy Level of Graduate Academy of Social Sciences - Vietnam
Academy of Social Sciences.
At:

, on

2019

The dissertation can be found at:
- National Library of Vietnam
- Library, Graduate Academy of Social Sciences.


PREAMBLE
1. Urgency of research topic
Elementary school pupils are quite little (about 6 to 10 years old). At this age, they
have almost no life experiences, especially the early level pupils (1st and 2nd grades).
When pupils do not have life skills, they will encounter many difficulties in learning and
living, behaving with friends, teachers, family members and everyone in society. One of
the important life skills of elementary pupils is self-defense skills. The reason why these
skills become important, necessary and indispensable for elementary pupils is that they are
not physically developed. In other words, they are very young, weak, unable to react,
respond to negative impacts from the outside, especially abusive behaviors that hurt them
physically. Therefore, education to form self-defense skills for elementary pupils has
become an indispensable task in elementary schools.
In recent years, in schools in general and elementary schools in particular, a
number of problems occur, which causes families, schools and society to be interested and
concerned. Those are school violence, sexual abuse for pupils, abduction, accidents and
risks that result in injuries and even deaths for pupils. Food poisoning in schools is also
alarming, traffic accidents and drowning are also alarming issues for pupils, etc. The
above actual situation requires schools, families and the society to pay attention to
educating self-defense skills for elementary students.
For the elementary students in mountainous communes due to difficult and

complex living environment (rugged terrain, natural disasters, floods, etc.), they face more
risks than elementary students in urban regions. On the other hand, family and local
economic conditions are still restricted, which makes taking care of and educating them
face a lot of difficulties. Therefore, educating self-defense skills for the pupils in
mountainous communes becomes more urgent.
For the education of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in general and
elementary pupils in mountainous communes in particular is effective, one of the decisive
factors is to manage self-defense skills education activities for elementary pupils in
mountainous communes. Because this activity helps effectively manage the goals, plans,
program contents, methods, forms, facilities conditions, forces participating in education,
... of self-defense skills for elementary pupils.
Coming from the above reasons, we chose the topic: "Management of educating
self-defense skills for elementary students in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City" to
write our PhD thesis.
2. Research purpose and mission
2.1. Research purpose
Based on the theoretical research, analysis and assessment of the actual status of
managing self-defense skills education activities for elementary pupils in the mountainous
communes of Hanoi City, the thesis proposes measures for management of educating selfdefense skills for elementary pupils in mountainous communes of Hanoi City, contributing to
developing self-defense skills for them in order to achieve the objective of comprehensive
education for elementary pupils in the current period.
2.2. Research mission
-Overview of research in education and management of self-defense skills education
activities for elementary pupils.

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- To develop a theoretical basis for management of educating self-defense skills for
elementary pupils in mountainous communes.

- To survey, analyze and assess the actual status of management of self-defense skills
education activities for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City.
- To propose measures for managing self-defense skills education activities for elementary
pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City.
- Test the urgency and feasibility of the proposed measures and test a measure practice.
3. Object and scope of research
3.1. Research object
Measures for managing self-defense skills education activities for elementary
pupils in mountainous communes of Hanoi City.
3.2. Research scope
3.2.1. Limitation on scope of research contents
There are many component skills of self-defense skills of elementary pupils in
mountainous communes. However, the thesis will focus on the in-depth study of 7
component skills of this skill such as: Safety skills when self-playing; skills of prevention
from some emergencies and calling for help; physical abuse, sexual harassment avoiding
skills; escape route seeking skills; Behavioral skills when lost; Traffic skills; Adaptive
skills in social environments. The research focuses on learning about the management
contents of educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils in mountainous communes
according to the approach to the elements of the self-defense skills education process of
elementary pupils in the mountainous communes. The proposed measures are for the
entities managing self-defense skills education activities for elementary pupils in the
mountainous communes of Hanoi City as the decentralization requirements.
3.2.2. Limitation on research area
This research is conducted at 15 elementary schools in the communes such as Phu Xuyen,
Me Linh, Ung Hoa, My Duc, Thach That, Ba Vi and Chuong My of Hanoi City (for details, see
chapter 3 of the thesis).
3.2.3. Limitation on object and survey areas of the thesis
a. Surveyed object
This research is conducted on 409 people of 3 object groups such as the group of
educational managers; The group of elementary school teachers and the group of

elementary pupils.
b. Surveyed area
This research focuses on studying teachers, managers and pupils at 10 elementary
schools in mountainous communes as follows: Khanh Thuong Elementary school, Yen Binh
Elementary school A; Yen Binh Elementary school B; Yen Trung Elementary school; Tien
Xuan elementary school A; Tien Xuan Elementary School B, Mieu Village, Tien Xuan, Thach
That; Dong Xuan Elementary School, Dong Ben village, Dong Xuan Commune, Quoc Oai
District; An Phu Elementary school, My Duc District; Tran Phu Elementary school A and Tran
Phu Elementary school B.
4. Methodology and research method
4.1. Research approach

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- Systematic approach: A systematic approach aims at researching the management
of self-defense skills education activities for elementary pupils in mountainous districts. It
means that this issue must be studied in a dialectical relationship with comprehensive
educational contents for pupils at elementary schools to help pupils form and develop their
personalities.
- Process approach: A process approach in researching self-defense skills
education activities for elementary pupils in mountainous districts means the in-depth
study of the elements of educational process from purpose, contents, method, educational
organization form, teachers, elementary pupils, facilities conditions, coordination between
the forces inside and outside school in educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils
in mountainous districts.
- Management function approach: Management function approach with 4 basic
functions such as planning, organizing, directing, testing and evaluating means the
premise and action method of the entities managing self-defense skills education activities
for elementary pupils in mountainous districts of Hanoi City to direct to operate the

elements of self-defense skills education process for elementary pupils in mountainous
districts.
- Capacity approach: Capacity approach in studying educational activities and
management of educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils in mountainous
districts creates a methodological basis for interpretation of some basic theory issues of
educational activities and management of educating self-defense skills for elementary
pupils in mountainous districts.
4.2. Research methods
To carry out this research, the thesis will use the following quantitative and
qualitative research methods in a synchronous combination way: Document and material
research method; Expert method; Questionnaire- based investigation method; In-depth
interview method; Active product research method; Observation method; Test Method;
Method of processing data by mathematical statistics.
4.3. Scientific hypothesis
The management of educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils in Hanoi
mountainous communes of Hanoi also reveals limitations in goal management; contents;
program; form; teaching activities, learning and training activities; tests and evaluation;
facilities, the coordination between the forces serving the self-defense skills education
activity, which results in the limitation and lack of this skill in pupils. The research
proposes and takes measures for managing self-defense skills education activities for
elementary pupils in mountainous districts based on the approach to the educational
process acting upon the weak stages found from the actual situation, suitable for the
characteristics of pupil age, school conditions, living environment, economy, socio-culture
in mountainous communes of Hanoi City, which promotes this skill education activities to
be implemented effectively, thereby contributing to the development of self-defense skills
in elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi.
4.4. Research questions
Performing this thesis is to answer the following research questions:
1) What scientific point of view is the research in management of self-defense
skills education activities for elementary pupils in mountainous districts approached from?

What is the theoretical basis for managing educational activities and self-defense skills

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education activities for elementary pupils in mountainous districts?
2) What is the actual status of educational activities and management of selfdefense skills education activities for elementary pupils in mountainous districts? What are
its strengths and weaknesses? What factors influence the management of this activity?
3) What management measures will promote this skill education activity to be
implemented effectively, thereby contributing to the development of self-defense skills
among elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City.
5. New contributions to the science by the thesis
The thesis has developed some basic theoretical issues on educating self-defense skills
and management of educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils in mountainous
communes, contributing to perfecting the theory of management of educating self-defense
skills for elementary pupils in mountainous communes. This is a relatively new theoretical
issue in our country.
The thesis has evaluated the actual status of self-defense skills educational activities
education and management of self-defense skills education activities for elementary pupils
in the mountainous communes of Hanoi and defined its cause and consequences. On that
basis, the thesis proposes measures for managing self-defense skills education activities
for elementary pupils in mountainous communes of Hanoi. The thesis has proposed the
criteria for managing self-defense skills education activities for pupils in the mountainous
communes of Hanoi City. These are new research results of management of self-defense
skills education activities for elementary pupils in mountainous communes.
6. Theoretical and practical meanings
The thesis is an essential reference for researchers in educational management,
people in charge of state management of education, educators, planners of strategy and
policy on life skills education for pupils in general and self-defense skills for pupils in
particular.

The thesis is also a useful reference for families, communities and local managers
in educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils in our country. And the thesis also
provides readers, especially students studying education management, education, ... at
academies and universities across the country with the general picture of management of
self-defense skills education activities for Hanoi City's elementary pupils in the context of
educational innovation through analyzing the achievements and limitations in this work
and with some basic measures aiming at perfecting the management of self-defense skills
education activities for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of our country,
contributing to promoting the education of this skill to be implemented effectively, thereby
contributing to the development of self-defense skills in elementary pupils in the
mountainous communes of Hanoi City.
7. Thesis Structure
Apart from the preamble, conclusion, recommendations, list of published works, list
of references, and appendices, the content of the thesis consists of 4 chapters: Chapter 1:
Overview of the situation of research in management of self-defense skills education
activities for students and elementary pupils; Chapter 2: Theoretical basis for managing
self-defense skills education activities for elementary pupils in mountainous communes;
Chapter 3: Results of researching the actual situation of managing self-defense skills
education activities for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City;

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Chapter 4: Measures for managing self-defense skills education activities for elementary
pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City.
Chapter 1
OVERVIEW OF THE SITUATION OF RESEARCH IN MANAGEMENT OF
SELF-DEFENSE SKILLS EDUCATION ACTIVITIES FOR ELEMENTARY
PUPILS
1.1. Overview of the situation of research in management of life skills education

activities, including self-defense skills for elementary pupils
Research fields of educating life skills, including self-defense skills for pupils.
Learning about the researches, around the world and in Vietnam, of self-defense skills
education activities for students in general, and elementary pupils in particular shows that
the researches of self-defense skills for students are integrated into the researches of life
skills education activities. There are not many separate and in-depth studies of self-defense
skills education activities for students in general and elementary pupils in particular.
However, it still has to be confirmed that the study of life skills education activities for
students in general and self-defense skills education activities for elementary pupils in
particular is not a new land, not “plowed”, this is an issue that many researchers in
education, psychology, ... in the world have been interested in researching from different
aspects. In particular, there are a wide range of research projects and programs of
governmental and non-governmental organizations in countries around the world such as
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), World Health Organization (WHO), and
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO); The
theoretical and practical research works of scientists are published in scientific journals,
reference books, monographs, textbooks; scientific research topics at all levels. This
confirms the important role and position of the studies on this issue for people and social
development.
An overview of the research stituation of self-defense skills for students in general and
elementary pupils in particular can be summarized into the following main research fields;
Research field of purpose and role of fostering teachers educating self-defense skills for students;
Research field of program contents and methods of educating self-defense skills for students;
Research field of elements affecting self-defense skills education activities for students.
Research fields of managing life skills education activities include self-defense
skills for students. The studies on management of life skills education activities in the
world are integrated into the studies on management of educational activities in schools as
basic educational activities in schools.
Chapter 2
THEORETICAL BASIS FOR MANAGING SELF-DEFENSE SKILLS

EDUCATION ACTIVITIES FOR ELEMENTARY PUPILS IN MOUNTAINOUS
COMMUNES
2.1. Self-defense skills for elementary pupils in mountainous communes
2.1.1. Concept of elementary pupils
In this research, researching the education of self-defense skills for elementary
pupils in public elementary schools that falls within the system invested in all aspects,
from operating funds to educational programs by the Government.
2.1.2. Self-defense skills to be educated for elementary pupils in mountainous communes

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2.1.2.1. Concept
The self-defense skills of elementary pupils in mountainous communes mean
elementary pupils’ ability to use their obtained knowledge and experience to identify and
respond to adverse situations, dangerous situations effectively to keep themselves safe.
2.1.2.2. Basis for defining self-defense skills to be educated for elementary pupils in
mountainous communes
The basis for defining self-defense skills to be educated for elementary pupils in
mountainous communes includes: The requirements of primary education level in modern
education and industrialization, modernization context and fourth industrial revolution;
Requirements and commitments to performing the Convention on the Rights of the Child;
the Regulations on life skills education for elementary-school level by Ministry of
Education and Training; Psychological characteristics of elementary pupil age.
2.1.2.3. Self-defense skills to be educated for elementary pupils in mountainous communes
From the analysises of the basis for defining self-defense skills that need to be
educated for elementary pupils in mountainous communes such as industrialization,
modernization context and fourth industrial revolution; commitment to performing the
Convention on the Rights of the Child; the Regulations on life skills education for
elementary-school level by Ministry of Education and Training; Psychological

characteristics of elementary pupil age; socio-economic and living enviroment conditions
in the above mountainous communes, it is possible to determine some self-defense skills
that need to be educated for elementary pupils in mountainous communes, including:
safety skills when self-playing; skills of prevention from some emergencies and calling for
help; physical abuse, sexual harassment avoiding skills; escape route seeking skills;
Behavioral skills when lost; Traffic skills; Adaptive skills in social environments.
2.2. Self-defense skills education activities for elementary pupils in mountainous communes
2.2.1. Some relevant concepts
Educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils in mountainous communes is
a process of organizing education activities scientifically by educators in order to help
elementary pupils in mountainous communes know how to turn knowledge and attitudes
into practical actions to identify and respond to adverse situations, dangerous situations
effectively to protect themselves safe.
2.2.2. Meaning and importance of self-defense skills education activities for elementary
pupils in mountainous communes
Educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils in mountainous communes
has a extremely important meaning and role. Some important meanings and concerns of
educating these skills can be cited as follows: Firstly, Self-defense skills promote social
and personal development; Secondly, Education of self-defense skills is an urgent
requirement for students. Thirdly, Self-defense skills are one of the basic skills that
contribute to helping students in general and elementary pupils in particular to form and
develop comprehensive personality, ready for entering the next education level. Fourthly,
Education of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in mountainous communes is one of
the important criteria to evaluate the education quality of an elementary school.
2.2.3. Content of self-defense skills education activities for elementary pupils in mountainous
communes
Elementary schools in mountainous communes should focus on educating selfdefense skills for elementary pupils as follows: Educating safety skills when self-playing;

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Educating skills of prevention from some emergencies and calling for help; Educating
physical abuse, sexual harassment avoiding skills; Educating safe eating and drinking
skills; Educating behavioral skills when lost; Educating traffic skills; Educating adaptive
skills in social environments.
2.2.3.1. Education form of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in mountainous communes
The education forms of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in mountainous
communes are as follows: through regular subjects in school; through extracurricular
activities, sightseeing, picnics; through social activities; through participating into clubs
inside and outside school.
2.2.4. Education method of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in mountainous
communes
To teach pupils self-defense skills effectively, it is possible to use the methods
such as Brainstorming; Problem solving; Experience; Using words; Practicing; Roleplaying method; Games; setting examples,…
2.2.5. Facilities and conditions for carrying out education of self-defense skills for
elementary pupils in mountainous communes
Self-defense skills education activities for elementary pupils in mountainous
communes want to achieve effectiveness as set out in the goal, in addition to the good
determination of education goals, program contents, human resources educating selfdefense skills for elementary pupils in mountainous communes by primary schools, the
conditions for facilities, documents, technical equipment, space and educational
environment , ... are extremely important ones that create the effectiveness of this
educational activity.
2.2.6. Subjects participating in education of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in
mountainous communes
The education of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in mountainous
communes needs the participation of many subjects such as leaders, managers, teachers of
elementary schools; Pupil’s
parents; School organizations and unions; Parents
Association; Governmental organizations, local unions because, the education of selfdefense skills for elementary pupils in mountainous communes requires the participation
of many forces inside and outside school.

2.3. Management of educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils in
mountainous communes
2.3.1. Management and school management and school management functions
2.3.1.1. Concept of management
Management means an organized, directed action of a management subject upon
a managed object to achieve objectives. [39]
2.3.1.2. Concept of school management
School management means the management of an organization and its
individuals; The school management is purposeful, oriented and clearly planned by the
principal and teachers, staff, and students; The school management exists as a system,
structured and operating in a defined environment.
2.3.1.3. Basic functions of school management
The basic functions of school management include: Forecasting and planning
functions; Organization Function; Leadership / direction function; Test and evaluation
function.

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2.3.2. The management subjects in the hierarchy of management of educating selfdefense skills for elementary pupils in mountainous communes
Many subjects are involved in the management of educating self-defense skills
for elementary pupils in mountainous communes, including management subjects such as:
Principal and school board members; Head of Teacher-in-charge Division; Counselor and
Secretary of School Team; Trade Union Chairman; Homeroom teacher; Head of Parent
Representative Committee; Leaders of party committees and authorities; Leaders of local
organizations and unions who also participate in the management of educating selfdefense skills for pupils in mountainous communes.
2.3.3. Concept, content of management of educating self-defense skills for elementary
pupils in mountainous communes
2.3.3.1. Concept
Management of educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils in

mountainous communes means the management subject’s intentional action upon the
managed object in order to mobilize and coordinate their force and intelligence into the
education of self-defense skills for pupils for the purpose of achieving the effectiveness of
educating these skills according to the goals.
2.3.3.2. Content of management of educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils in
mountainous communes
1)Management of performing the education goal of self-defense skills for elementary
pupils in mountainous communes
When implementing the management contents and the goals an elementary school
principal must comply with the followings:
-Develop a plan to implement self-defense skills education contents and programs
for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City;
- Identify the right participants in self-defense skills education activities for
elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City;
-Check and classify the participants in self-defense skills educational activities for
elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City;
-Inform of the regimes and policies for all participants in self-defense skills
educational activities for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City;
-Support in consulting elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi
City after participating in self-defense skills education.
2)Making plan for educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils in mountainous
communes
School principals need to perform the above steps well and pay more attention to
the following aspects:
-Make plans for educating self-defense skills in the overall comprehensive
education plan for elementary pupils;
- Make plans for educating separate self-defense skills for pupils on the basis of
mastering the education organization purpose, requirements, contents, form of self-defense
skills for elementary pupils;
- Attract the participation of management subjects and educational strategies in

making plans;
-Make plans with planned general goals, specific goals, implementation methods
and measures;

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- The plan for educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils is disseminated
and public in schools;
-The plan for educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils has clear
assessment standards.
3) Management of education programs and contents of self-defense skills for elementary
pupils in mountainous communes
Management of education programs and contents of self-defense skills for
elementary pupils in schools requires Principals to take the following steps:
-Develop education programs and contents of self-defense skills for elementary
pupils in mountainous communes;
-Regularly review, add and adjust the contents of the education program of selfdefense skills for elementary pupils in mountainous communes;
- Periodically compare and contrast the education contents, programs of selfdefense skills for elementary pupils and the goal of fostering mountainous communes;
-Build plans for developing the education contents, program of self-defense skills
for elementary pupils in mountainous communes;
- Organize the implementation of the education program of self-defense skills for
elementary pupils compared with the goal of fostering mountainous communes;
-Regularly examine and evaluate the implementation of education contents,
program of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in mountainous communes.
4) Management of method of educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils in
mountainous communes
For the content of managing the method of educating self-defense skills for pupils
in mountainous communes, elementary school principals should perform the following
aspects:

-Develop plans using self-defense skills education methods for elementary pupils in
mountainous communes.
-Deploy and direct the use of self-defense skills education methods for elementary
pupils in mountainous communes.
- Direct the training of teachers in methods of educating self-defense skills for
elementary pupils in accordance with the contents, forms and learning capacity of
elementary pupils in mountainous communes.
-Check and assess the use of methods of educating self-defense skills for
elementary pupils in mountainous communes.
- Direct and adjust methods of educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils in
mountainous communes according to the goals.
-Support and consult teachers in methods of educating self-defense skills for
elementary pupils in mountainous communes.
5) Management of education form of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in
mountainous communes
When implementing this management content, principals should pay attention to the
following aspects:
-Develop a plan to use the education form of self-defense skills for elementary
pupils, suitable for school characteristics, the characteristics of elementary pupils in
mountainous communes.

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-Deploy and direct the use of self-defense skills education form for elementary
pupils in mountainous communes in accordance with pupils’ needs and school's
conditions.
- Test and assess the use of education forms of self-defense skills for elementary
pupils in mountainous communes.
- Direct and adjust the education form of self-defense skills for elementary pupils

in mountainous communes to suit the needs and conditions of school and pupils.
6) Management of teachers performing self-defense skills education activities for
elementary pupils in mountainous communes
To perform these contents well, principals should take the following steps well:
- Direct teachers and specialized staff to master the distribution of programs,
component skills of self-defense skills for pupils in mountainous communes in accordance
with regulations;
-Direct teachers, specialized staff to build a plan for education of self-defense
skills for pupils in mountainous communes in accordance with the program distribution;
-Determine the number and quality of professional records of teachers, persons in
charge of educating self-defense skills for pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi
city;
-Build and publish a general plan for education of self-defense skills for pupils in
mountainous communes;
-Approve and check plans for education of self-defense skills for pupils in
mountainous communes.
7) Management of self-defense skills learning and training activities of elementary pupils
in mountainous communes
Elementary school principals wishing to manage self-defense skills learning
activities well should pay attention to the following contents:
-Create studying motivation and attitude, train self-defense skills for elementary
pupils in mountainous districts;
-Foster the learning and training methods of self-defense skills for elementary pupils
in mountainous districts to promote pupils’ activity and initiative;
-Develop specific regulations on learning habits, train self-defense skills for
elementary pupils in mountainous districts;
- Manage the learning and training habits of self-defense skills of elementary pupils in
classrooms as well as experiential classes with the spirit of learning method and practicing selfdefense skills;
- Timely reward and discipline on the implementation of learning and training habits
of self-defense skills of elementary pupils in mountainous districts;

- Coordinate the forces inside and outside school to monitor the learning and practice
habits of self-defense skills of elementary pupils in mountainous districts.
8) Management of technical facilities for self-defense skills education activities of
elementary pupils in mountainous communes
To implement this management content well, elementary school principals
should perform the following aspects well:
-Make a plan for investment and use of facilities and techniques self-defense
skills education activities for pupils in mountainous communes;

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-Deploy and direct the investment and use of material and technical facilities for
self-defense skills education activities for pupils in mountainous communes;
-To direct and foster teachers and specialized officials to use material and
technical facilities for self-defense skills education activities for pupils in the mountainous
communes of Hanoi;
9) Managemnent and coordination of educational forces inside and outside school to participate
in self-defense skills education activities of elementary pupils in mountainous communes
To implement this management content effectively, elementary school principals
need to perform the following contents well:
-Make plans for coordinating and combining education forces inside and outside
school to participate in self-defense skills education activities of elementary pupils in
mountainous communes.
- Deploy and direct the coordination and combination of educational forces inside and
outside school to participate in self-defense skills education activities of elementary pupils in
mountainous communes.
-Check and assess the the coordination and combination of educational forces inside
and outside the school to participate in self-defense skills education activities of elementary
pupils in mountainous communes.

-To direct and adjust the coordination and combination of educational forces inside
and outside the school to participate in self-defense skills education activities for elementary
pupils in mountainous communes.
10) Management of checking and evaluation of self-defense skills education activities for
elementary pupils in mountainous communes
To implement this management conten effectively, elementary school principals
need to perform the following contents well:
-Develop a plan to test and evaluate the self-defense skills education activities for
elementary pupils in mountainous communes.
-Identify the testing and evaluating purpose of self-defense skills education
activities for elementary pupils in mountainous communes.
-Develop the evaluating standards and criteria for self-defense skills education
activities for elementary pupils in mountainous communes specifically and clearly.
- Prepare for testing and evaluating forces for self-defense skills education
activities of elementary pupils in mountainous communes.
-Prepare for a plan for testing and evaluating the self-defense skills education
activities of elementary pupils in mountainous communes annually.
- Evaluate to draw experience, make timely adjustments after the evaluation
2.4. Factors affecting the management of educating self-defense skills for elementary
pupils in mountainous communes
- Managers and teachers’ awareness of the role and importance of educating selfdefense skills for elementary pupils in mountainous communes;
- Managers’ capacity of educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils in
mountainous communes;
- The capacity of teachers performing the task of educating self-defense skills for
elementary pupils in mountainous communes;
- Pupils' activity and initiative in participating in the process of educating self-defense
skills;

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- Families’ education methods.
Chapter 3
THE ACTUAL SITUATION OF MANAGING SELF-DEFENSE SKILLS
EDUCATION ACTIVITIES FOR ELEMENTARY PUPILS IN THE
MOUNTAINOUS COMMUNES OF HANOI CITY
3.1. Actual situation research organization and method
3.1.1.Research organization
3.1.1.1. Research object and area
a. Research object
Survey the actual situation on 409 people, specifically, 153 education managers;
226 teachers; 30 pupils. The object group of managers and teachers is used to conduct
surveys by questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The surveyed pupil object alone is only
used for survey by in-depth interviews .
b. Research area
This research focuses on studying teachers, managers and pupils at 10 elementary schools in
mountainous communes as follows: Khanh Thuong Elementary school, Yen Binh Elementary
school A; Yen Binh Elementary school B; Yen Trung Elementary school; Tien Xuan
elementary school A; Tien Xuan Elementary School B; Dong Xuan Elementary School, An
Phu Elementary school, My Duc District; Tran Phu Elementary school A and Tran Phu
Elementary school B.
3.1.1.2. Practical research stages
-. Research tool design stage
- Trial survey stage for perfecting research toolkit
- Official investigation stage
3.1.2. Research Method
- Questionnaire-based investigation method;
- Expert method;
- Individual in-depth interview method;
- Method of processing data by mathematical statistics.

3.2. Actual situation of self-defense skills education activities for pupils in Hanoi
mountainous communes
3.2.1. Awareness of the important role of self-defense skills education activities for
elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi
The majority of respondents say that education of self-defense skills for elementary
pupils in mountainous communes is necessary (92.1%). None of the respondents say that the
education of self-defense skills for pupils is not necessary. Only a very small percentage of the
respondents say that this activity is less necessary (7.9%).
3.2.2. Actual situation of the availability of self-defense skills of pupils in Hanoi
mountainous communes
The managers and teachers of the elementary schools in the mountainous
communes of Hanoi city have assessed that pupils’ current availability of self-defense
skills is quite weak with average mark = 1.98, DLC = 0,503. Thus, elementary pupils in
the mountainous communes of Hanoi City do not have self-defense skills. Out of the 7
studied skills, “Traffic skill” has the highest average mark (average mark = 2.16; DLC =

12


0.58). Although this skill in pupils with the highest average mark out of the 7 studied
skills, it is still quite weak and close to the average level.
3.2.3. Actual situation of response of self-defense skills in elementary pupils in Hanoi
mountainous communes
The research results summarized in the data sheet show that the managers and
teachers of the elementary schools in the mountainous communes of Hanoi city evaluate
pupils' current self-defense skills rather weak with average mark = 2.08, DLC = 0.466.
Thus, the elementary pupils in mountainous communes of Hanoi city have not met the
requirements of self-defense skills.
3.2.4. Actual situation of performance and education effectiveness of self-defense skills
in elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City

Most of studied skills are carried out by schools but not often. According to
educational managers and elementary school teachers, the studied education of selfdefense skills for elementary pupils is only conducted occasionally (Average mark = 2.46;
DLC = 0.249).
The managers and teachers of the studied schools say that the effectiveness of
this activity is average (Average mark = 2.28; DLC = 0.273). Many reasons can explain
for this research results.
3.2.5. Actual situation of performance and performance effectiveness of education
forms of self-defense skills in elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of
Hanoi City
The studied elementary schools have used a variety of forms to educate self-defense
skills for pupils. However, the use of these forms is not often (Average mark = 2.20; DCK
= 0.332, occasional use).
The effectiveness of using the education forms of self-defense skills for pupils of the
studied schools is also average (Average mark = 2.23; DCL = 0.398). This result is
consistent with the results of research on how often these education forms are carried out.
3.2.6. Actual situation of performance and effectiveness of education methods of selfdefense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City
The research results indicated in the above data sheet show that the performance
of self-defense skills education methods for elementary pupils in the mountainous
communes of Hanoi City is assessed to be occasional with average mark = 2.09; DLC =
0.2231. The method used most in educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils is
regular experience and practice (Average mark of 2.32 and 2.30 respectively).
Consideration of the research results of the effectiveness of using self-defense
skills education methods for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi
city shows that the effectiveness of using this methods is average (Average mark = 2.08;
DCL = 0,328).
3.2.7. Actual situation of satisfaction of facilities for educating self-defense skills for
elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City
The research results indicated in the above data sheet show that the of satisfaction of
facilities and technical means for self-defense skills education activities for elementary pupils in the
mountainous communes of Hanoi City is assessed to be normal (Average mark = 1.99; DLC =

0.560).

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3.2.8. Actual situation of the participation of forces inside and outside school in
education of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of
Hanoi City
The research results shown in the above data sheet indicate that the forces such as
teachers, managers, organizations and unions inside and outside school participate at a normal
level in self-defense skills education activities for elementary pupils in the mountainous
communes of Hanoi City (Average mark = 2.10; DLC = 0.416).
3.3. Actual situation of management of educating of self-defense skills for elementary
pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City
3.3.1. Actual situation of management of performing the education goals of selfdefense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City
-For performance:
In general, the performance of content of managing the education goals of selfdefense skills for elementary pupils is occasional (Average mark = 2.19; DLC = 0.49).
Thus, the content of managing the the education goals of self-defense skills for elementary
pupils have been implemented but not regularly.
- For effectiveness:
The achieved result of the content of managing the education goals of self-defense
skills for elementary pupils is generally average (more than 3 points) with average mark =
3.29; DLC = 0.51.
3.3.2. Actual situation of making plans for educating self-defense skills for elementary
pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City
The content of making plans for educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils
in the mountainous communes of Hanoi city is generally implemented regularly (Average mark=
2.48; DLC = 0.38). The results of this study show that the managers of this activity in the studied
schools has implemented this management content on a regular basis.
- For effectiveness:

The content of making plans for educating self-defense skills for elementary
pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City achieves average result (Average
mark = 2.91; DLC = 0.47), in which, "Making plans for educating separate self-defense
skills for pupils on the basis of mastering the purpose, requirements, contents, form of
self-defense skills education organization for elementary pupils" has the highest
performance results, at quite good level (Average mark = 3.35; DLC = 0.77).
3.3.3. Actual situation of management of education contents and program of selfdefense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City
- For performance: The content of management of contents and program of selfdefense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City is
generally performed occasionally (Average mark=2,19; DLC=0,50).
-For effectiveness: The management effectiveness of contents and program of selfdefense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City in the
above data sheet reaches average level (Average mark =2,71; DLC =0,52).
3.3.4. Actual situation of management of methods of educating self-defense skills for
elementary pupils in Hanoi mountainous communes
-For performance: The management of methods of educating self-defense skills for
elementary pupils in Hanoi mountainous communes is carried out at an occasional level
(Average mark =2.07; DLC=0.35).

14


- For effectiveness: The effectiveness of managing the methods of educating selfdefense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City is quite
weak (Average mark =2.58; DLC=0.55).
3.3.5. Actual situation of management of education form of self-defense skills for
elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City
-For performance: The management of education form of self-defense skills for
elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City is carried out occasionally
(Average mark =2.18; DLC=0.44).
- For effectiveness: The effectiveness of managing the education form of self-defense
skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City is average
(Average mark =2.99; DLC=0.55).

3.3.6. Actual situation of management of teachers teaching self-defense skills for
elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City
The management of teachers teaching self-defense skills for elementary pupils in
the mountainous communes of Hanoi City by teachers and specialized staff is carried
out occasionally (Average mark =2.30; DLC=0.51).
For effectiveness: The effectiveness of managing teachers teaching self-defense
skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City is average
(Average mark =2,79; DLC=0,61).
3.3.7. Actual situation of management of assigning teachers performing the duty of
educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of
Hanoi City
- For performance: The management of assigning teachers performing the duty of
educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi
City is carried out occasionally (Average mark =2,46; DLC=0,38).
- For effectiveness: The achieved result of management of assigning teachers and
specialized staff performing the duty of educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils
in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City is average (Average mark =2,89;
DLC=0,79). .
3.3.8. Actual situation of management of learning and training activities of self-defense
skills of elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City
-For performance: In general, the management of learning and training activities of
self-defense skills of elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City is
carried out occasionally (Average mark =2,34; DLC=0,38). However, there is a certain
difference when considering the performance among the aspects of this management
content.
The achieved result of management of learning and training activities of selfdefense skills of elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City is
assessed to be quite good (Average mark =3.30; DLC=0.45).
3.3.9. Actual situation of management of facilities, equipment for educating selfdefense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City
-For performance: In general, the management of facilities, equipment for educating
self-defense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City is

carried out occasionally (Average mark =2.43; DLC=0.31).

15


- For effectiveness: The achieved result of management of facilities, equipment for
educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of
Hanoi City is generally quite good (Average mark =3.30; DLC=0.45).
3.3.10. Actual situation of management of coordinating forces participating in the
education of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of
Hanoi City
-For performance: The content of management of coordinating and combinating the
education forces inside and outside school to participate in the education of self-defense
skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City is carried out
regularly (Average mark =2,564; DLC=0,38).
-For effectiveness: The achieved result of management content of coordinating and
combinating the education forces inside and outside school to participate in the education
of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City
is generally average (Average mark =3.05; DLC=0.76).
3.3.11. Actual situation of testing and evaluating the education of self-defense skills for
elementary pupils
-For performance: testing and evaluating the education of self-defense skills for
elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City is done occasionally
(Average mark =2.14; DLC=0.47).
-For effectiveness:In general, The achieved result of testing and evaluating the
education of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of
Hanoi City is average (Average mark =3.02; DLC=0.89).
3.4. Comparison of performance and effectiveness of the management contents of
educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of
Hanoi city among research object groups

3.4.1. Comparison of performance of the management contents of educating self-defense skills
for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi city among researching groups
The research results show as follows: There is a difference in statistical
significance between the evaluations of managers and teachers regarding the performance
of the management contents of education of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in the
mountainous communes of Hanoi city among the research object groups
3.4.2. Comparison of performance effectiveness of the management contents of educating
self-defense skills for elementary pupils
The research results show that there is a difference in statistical significance between
teachers and managers in evaluating the performance of 5 management contents, including: planmaking content management (p = 0.017; t = -2.403); Program and content management (p =
0.001; t = -3,447); education form management (p = 0.007; t = -2,718); Teacher management (p =
0.024; t = -2.272); Management of learning activities and skills training (p = 0.006; t = -2.757), in
which, teachers evaluate the performance significantly higher than the managers.
3.5. The relationship between the contents of managing self-defense skills education
activities for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi city
3.5.1. The relationship between the performances of the management contents of
education of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of
Hanoi city

16


In general, the results of the management contents are positively correlated. This
means that the better these management contents is performed, the better other
management contents is performed.
Out of correlation pairs, there are 2 correlation pairs with the highest correlation
index but only at a little tight level, including: positively and a little tight correlated
education method management results with the education form management results (p
<0.001; r = 0.562). This is also the pair with the highest correlation; The secondly highest
correlation is the correlation between the result of managing teachers and the result of

managing learning and training activities (p <0.01; r = 0.514). The test and evaluation
result has a unique correlation with the goal management result, but only at weak level (p
<0.05; r = 0.140).
3.5.2. The relationship between the effectivenesses of the contents of managing
educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of
Hanoi city
The results of the management contents are positively correlated. This means
that the better these management contents is performed, the better other management
contents will be performed.
Out of correlation pairs, there are 2 correlation pairs with the highest correlation
index but only at a little tight level, including: positively and a little tight correlated
education method management results with the education form management results
(p<0.001; r=0.562). This is also the pair with the highest correlation; The secondly highest
correlation is the correlation between the result of managing teachers and the result of
managing learning and training activities (p <0.01; r = 0.514).
The test and evaluation result has a unique correlation with the goal management
result, but only at weak level (p<0.05; r=0.140).
3.6. Factors affecting the management of educating self-defense skills for elementary
pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City
The multiple regression model considering the influence of the studied factors in
aggregate shows the ability to significantly govern the change in the performance of the
management content of self-defense skills education activities for elementary pupils in the
mountainous communes of Hanoi City with the quite high explanatory capacity of 74% (p
<0.001; R2 = 0.740). In this combined model, there are 4 predictable factors: Education
manager’s qualifications; teachers and specialized staff’s capacity of carrying out the task
of educating self-defense skills; The capacity of teachers and officials to carry out the task
of self-defense skills education; Education managers' capacity of managing self-defense
skills for elementary pupils; Activity and initiative of elementary pupils (p <0.001).
Chapter 4
MEASURES FOR MANAGING SELF-DEFENSE SKILLS EDUCATION

ACTIVITIES FOR ELEMENTARY PUPILS IN THE MOUNTAINOUS
COMMUNES OF HANOI CITY
4.1. Basis for exposing measures
- The viewpoint of developing education & training of Hanoi Capital until 2020, vision
until 2030
- Vision and goal of developing education & training of Hanoi Capital
- Coming from the theoretical and practical research results of the thesis

17


4.2. Principle for proposing measures
The principles for proposing measures: inheritance ensuring principle;
practicality ensuring principle; effectiveness ensuring principle; feasibility ensuring
principle; synchronism ensuring principle
4.3. Some measures for managing self-defense skills education activities for
elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City
4.3.1. Measure 1: Organize communication activities to raise the awareness the role and
meaning of educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous
communes of Hanoi city for officers, teachers, parents and pupils.
4.3.1.1. Purpose of measure
For this activity really achieves its goals, first of all, it is always necessary to
conduct regular communication activities to raise more awareness of all forces involved in
this educational activity.
4.3.1.2. Content and way of performing measure
*Elementary school principals need to perform the following contents:
Have accurate and profound knowledge about the guidelines and policies of the Party
and the Government, circulars, directives and directing documents on educating life skills
for elementary pupils, including educating self-defense skills for pupils by superiors.
*The organizations and unions inside and outside school need to perform the following

contents: Need to master the guidelines and policies of the Party and the Government,
circulars, directives and directing documents on educating life skills for elementary pupils,
including educating self-defense skills for pupils by superiors.
*Elementary school teachers need to perform the following contents:
Be proactive voluntary and active in self-study, self-raising the awareness of goals,
content, programs, methods, forms of educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils.
Proactively and actively participate in seminars, conferences, and refresher courses on
the education contents, methods and forms of self-defense skills for elementary pupils to
regularly consolidate the education contents and programs, methods and forms of life
skills in general and self-defense skills in particular in the most advanced, modern and
effective manner.
4.3.1.3. Condition for performing measure
The principal, managers and teachers of school must treat self-defense skills
education activities for pupils as one of school's center tasks, an important part of
confirming school quality and brand.
4.3.2. Measure 2: Direct the development of program contents, innovate methods,
diversify the education organization forms of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in
the mountainous communes of Hanoi City.
4.3.2.1. Purpose of measure
If it is desirable that educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils in the
mountainous communes of Hanoi City reaches effectiveness, first of all, there must be this
education content and program matching the defined education goals, the characteristics of
elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi City, characteristics of school,
living environment conditions, social environment, economic development, culture of
Hanoi mountainous communes.
4.3.2.2. Content and way of performing measure

18



For the education program of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in Hanoi
mountainous communes, based on the regulations of the Ministry of Education and
Training; the psychological characteristics of elementary pupils; living environment,
economic, cultural and social characteristics, the thesis has identified 7 basic skills of selfdefense skills.
4.3.2.3. Condition for performing measure
School principals must be profoundly aware of the important role of developing
program contents, innovating methods, diversifying the education organization forms of
self-defense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous districts of Hanoi City.
Teachers must proactively propose participation in the development of the
program content, innovation of methods, diversification of the education organization
forms of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in Hanoi mountainous districts.
4.3.3. Measure 3: Organize the training of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in
Hanoi mountainous districts through practical experience
4.3.3.1. Purpose of measure
Teaching life skills in general and self-defense skills to elementary pupils in
mountainous communes in particular must be conducted harmoniously among class hours
in order to impart pupils necessary knowledge about these skills and applying the learned
knowledge in practice.
4.3.3.2. Content and way of performing measure
A principal directs managers, teachers and forces inside and outside school to
make plans for training self-defense skills for elementary pupils in Hanoi mountainous
districts through practical experiences
Teachers and specialized staff proactively propose the organization of training
self-defense skills for elementary pupils in Hanoi mountainous districts through practical
experience; Proactively coordinate and perform tasks when organizing the training of selfdefense skills for elementary pupils in Hanoi mountainous districts through practical
experience; Proactively propose forces to coordinate in organizing the training of selfdefense skills for elementary pupils in Hanoi mountainous districts through practical
experiences.
4.3.3.3. Condition for performing measure
Principals can master the regulations on organizing the training of self-defense
skills for elementary pupils in Hanoi mountainous districts through practical experience.

Principals create the most favorable conditions for teachers and staff to organize
the training of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in Hanoi mountainous districts
through practical experiences.
4.3.4. Measure 4 : Build criteria for managing self-defense skills education activities for
elementary pupils in mountainous communes
4.3.4.1. Purpose of measure
The criteria are the basis for organizing and evaluating the management of selfdefense skills education activities for elementary pupils in mountainous communes. This
measure aims at developing the criteria for managing self-defense skills education
activities for elementary pupils in mountainous communes.
4.3.4.2. Content and way of performing measure
Content 1: Manage the goal of educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils

19


Content 2: Make plans for educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils in
mountainous communes
Content 3: Manage the education program and content of self-defense skills for
elementary pupils
Content 4 : Manage the methods of educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils
Content 5: Manage the education form of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in
mountainous communes.
4.3.4.3. Performance conditions
School leaders and committees need to give specific and resolute guidelines to
implement criteria in the education management of self-defense skills for elementary
pupils.
The departments and teachers of school need to be properly aware of the criteria in
education management of self-defense skills for elementary pupils and have a high
consensus in implementing these goals in management of educating self-defense skills for
pupils.

4.3.5. Measure 5: Develop facilities to implement self-defense skills education activities
for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi city
4.3.5.1. Purpose of measure
For the education of self-defense skills for pupils in elementary schools, the
facilities for this activity are extremely important. Without facilities, educating these skills
cannot take place.
4.3.5.2. Content and way of performing measure
School principals direct school staff and teachers to make plans for developing
facilities for performing the education of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in the
mountainous communes of Hanoi City in accordance with the regulations of the Ministry
of Education and Training and other directives related to superiors.
Direct school staff and teachers to consider all facilities for educating selfdefense skills for elementary pupils in Hanoi mountainous communes to specifically
classify the quality of each type. On such basis, distraining and correctly identifying
classrooms, practice rooms, and equipment for educating this skill to see what can be
repaired, and what can be replaced and what need to be bought.
4.3.5.3. Condition for performing measure
School principals and teachers must determine that this is an important task to
perform the education of skills for pupils well.
Principals and staff must master the financial regulations on procurement,
replacement, repair of facilities for education of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in
the mountainous communes of Hanoi city.
4.3.6. Measure 6: Direct and coordinatie forces inside and outside school to participate in
self-defense skills education activities for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes
of Hanoi city
4.3.6.1. Purpose of measure
All educational activities that want to be effective must be coordinated
synchronously and smoothly among all individuals and units inside and outside school.
This coordination will form a unified team, interacting closely with one another to carry
out education activities the most effectively.
4.3.6.2. Content and way of performing measure


20


The educational forces inside and outside school play a decisive role in the
education quality of self-defense skills for pupils, therefore, a principal needs to pay
attention to organizing and encouraging these forces to actively participate in educating
these skills for pupils.
Define the duties for head teachers and departments, including the organization of
educating self-defense skills for pupils
Organize a Team in the school represented by the Secretary of school team, the
Secretary of the teacher union branch, General in charge of the Team plays an important
role in organizing self-defense skills education activities for pupils.
4.3.6.3. Condition for performing measure
School principal, staff and teachers must be active in coordinating forces inside and
outside the school to participate in the education of self-defense skills for pupils.
Principal directs to build plans and regulations on coordinating forces inside and
outside school to participate in the education of self-defense skills for pupils.
4.3.7. Measure 7: Direct to strengthen test and evaluation of self-defense skills education
activities for elementary pupils in the mountainous districts of Hanoi City
4.3.7.1. Purpose of measure
Strengthen to test and evaluate the education of self-defense skills for elementary
pupils in the mountainous districts of Hanoi in order to receive timely information about
this educational activity. Help school principal to comply with the Government's laws and
policies, directives of the departments regarding organizing the education of self-defense
skills for elementary pupils in Hanoi mountainous districts.
4.3.7.2. Content and way of performing measure
Test and evaluate the training of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in the
mountainous communes of Hanoi City, including the following basic contents:
Develop standards and criteria to evaluate self-defense skills education activities for

pupils; Research practics, assess the education of self-defense skills for pupils as a basis
for building plans; Control and detect pros and cons to take corrective measures; Make
adjustment decisions.
4.3.7.3. Condition for performing measure
Testing and evaluating self-defense skills education activities for pupils should be
based on the principles. In particular, a principal needs to be most familiar with the
documents stipulating the test and evaluation of educational activities in elementary
schools.
A principal directs the forces to participate in the test and evaluation of the
education of self-defense skills for pupils scientifically according to the school's defined
standards and criteria.
4.4. Testing the urgency and feasibility of the proposed measures
The results of testing the urgency of the measures for managing the education of
self-defense skills for pupils in elementary schools in Hanoi mountainous communes
summarized in the above data sheet show that majority of respondents confirmed that the
proposed measures has high urgency. Out of the 7 studied measures, " Raising awareness
for educating forces and elementary pupils of the role and importance of educating and
training self-defense skills for elementary pupils in Hanoi mountainous districts ”is
evaluated to be the most urgent (Average mark = 4.62; DLC = 0.487).

21


3.4.2. The survey results of feasibility of self-defense education management measures
for pupils in Hanoi mountainous communes
The average mark of the whole scale of 4.23, DLC = 0.308 shows that the
measures for managing self-defense skills education activities for elementary pupils in the
mountainous communes of Hanoi City are evaluated to be feasible. Out of the 7 proposed
measures, "Raising awareness for education forces and elementary pupils of the role and
importance of educating and training self-defense skills for elementary pupils in Hanoi

mountainous districts”is evaluated to be the most feasible with Average mark = 4.46; DLC
= 0.500.
4.5. Testing self-defense skills education management measures for pupils in Hanoi
mountainous communes
4.5.6.1. Measurement result before test
Before testing, the performance of organization and training stages of selfdefense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi city through
practical experience was average (GPA = 3.13, DLC = 0.702). ). The results of this
research confirm that the performance of of organization and training stages of selfdefense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi city through
practical experience have not had high effectiveness, not meeting the requirements for
managing this activity.
4.5.6.2. Measurement result after test
The survey results show that, after the test, the performance of of organization
and training stages of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous
communes of Hanoi city through practical experience is quite good ( GPA = 3.77, DLC =
0.506). The results of this research confirm that the performance of of organization and
training stages of self-defense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes
of Hanoi city through practical experience is quite good, meeting the requirements for
managing this activity. Out of the considered aspects of this content, all aspects is
performed quite well, GPA to 3.83 from 3.71.
4.5.6.3. Conclusion of test
The research results of testing measures for organizing and training self-defense
skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi city through
practical experience show that: There is a statistically significant change in the
performance of the duties coordinated synchronously and closely between organizations,
departments inside and outside school in assessing training results for students in the test
group.
CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
1. Conclusion
The thesis has built a theoretical framework for researching and managing selfdefense skills education activities for elementary pupils in mountainous communes. This
includes a system of tool concepts such as skill concepts; education of self-defense skills;

elementary pupil; elementary pupil’s self-defense skills; educationn of self-defense skills
for elementary pupils in mountainous communes; management; management of educating
self-defense skills for elementary pupils in mountainous communes. The thesis has
defined the contents of managing self-defense skills education activities for elementary
pupils in mountainous communes. This includes the contents such as: Management of

22


education goals; making plans for educational activities; content and program
management; management of education forms and methods; management of teacher’s
educational activities and pupil's learning activities; management of coordinating the
forces involved in education; facilities management for education and test and evaluation
of educating self-defense skills for pupils. The thesis has also determined the theory of
factors affecting the education management of self-defense skills for elementary pupils.
The research results of the actual status of self-defense skills education activities for
pupils in elementary schools in the mountainous communes of Hanoi city show that
basically, the elementary schools in the mountainous communes of Hanoi city have
educated life skills, including self-defense skills to pupils in accordance with the
regulations of the Ministry of Education and Training and written guidances of the local
authorities. The education managers and elementary teachers in Hanoi's mountainous
communes are well aware that the important role of educating self-defense skills for
elementary pupils in Hanoi's mountainous communes is necessary. The self-defense skills
of elementary pupils in Hanoi’s mountainous communes only reach a relatively weak
level, not meeting the required requirements of these skills. Most schools have conducted
the education of 7 component skills of self-defense skills for pupils but infrequently and
ineffectively. The studied elementary schools have used quite a variety of education forms
and methods of self-defense skills for pupils, but these forms are not used regularly and
their effectiveness is not high.
Actual situation of management of educating self-defense skills of elementary pupils

in the mountainous communes of Hanoi city shows that majority of the principals of the
schools have implemented the management contents of educating self-defense skills for
pupils in Hanoi mountainous communes. Basically, these management contents have been
implemented and initially had certain effects on this activity. Out of the studied
management contents, the management contents such as: management of the objective of
educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils; management of learning and training
activities of self-defense skills of elementary pupils; management of facilities and
techniques for self-defense skills educational activities for elementary pupils in the
mountainous communes of Hanoi city have reached a quite good level. The management
contents such as: making plans for educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils;
management of program, content of self-defense skills for elementary pupils; management
of the education form of self-defense skills for elementary pupils; management of teachers
performing self-defense skills education activities for elementary pupils; management of
the assignment of tasks of educating self-defense skills to elementary pupils; test and
evaluation of the self-defense skills education activities of elementary pupils in the
mountainous communes of Hanoi City achieved average results. However, there is still
content, achieving a relatively weak performance level, that is the management of methods
of educating self-defense skills for elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of
Hanoi city.
There is a difference in statistical significance between the evaluation of managers
and teachers’ performance and the effectiveness of the management of educating selfdefense skills of elementary pupils in the mountainous communes of Hanoi city between
the study object groups. In particular, teachers tend to evaluate the implementation of
management contents significantly higher than that of managers in this regard.

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