HE

T H O N G C H d
Dl/CH

L A N G

THCfl

6* T H U A

C H U A

T H I E N

H U E

N G U Y E N

TRUONG THI THU THAO*

T h d a Thien Hue ciing nhu viing toan thu nUdc d ben hiiu, vqt liic thinh
Thuan Hoa thUc sii chuyen minh va giau" (1) da khdng nhiing dUdc chua
co budc phat trien nhanh chong bat ciiu td Nguyen Phuc Tran chon lam thu phu (1687
khi Nguyin Hoang vao tran thu, xay dung - 1712) ma cdn trd thanh Dd thanh (1744)
cd sd cat cii cho dong ho minh d Dang dudi thdi chua Nguyen Phuc Khcat.
Cung vdi viec dd thi hoa dan tdng budc,
Trdng vao nam 1558. Tii do, viing dat nay
viia la ndi lam cau nd'i de tien hanh tiep tuc bien Hue thanh dat De dd, cac chua
cac cuoc di dan met rong lanh tho ve phia Nguyin da ra sdc day manh cdng tac khai
Nam, vda la ndi xay diing tiem liic de thUc thac Thuan Hda (td sau nam 1570 la

hien dUdng loi doc lap, tu chu, tach khoi sU Thuan Quang) mdt each quy md bang cac
phu thuoc vao Dang Ngoai do vua Le chua chinh sach cai t r i tUdng dd'i rdng rai, thue'
Trinh cai quan. Tren cd sd nen sd nghiep khoa nhe nhang de vd yen mudn dan, thu
cua Nguyin Hoang, tiem liic moi mat cua phuc long ngUdi, thu hut hien tai va dac biet
Thuan Hoa nhanh chong dUdc tang cUdng la sdc lac ddng de tien hanh khai hoang, lap
bit dau td chua Nguyin Phuc Nguyen, trai lang. Rat nhieu lang xa d Thda Thien Hue
qua cac ddi ke tiep, nghiep chua ngay cang dUdc thanh lap, phat trien vao nda sau the
dUdc cung co', sau ben goc re tren manh dat ky XVI - XVII. Hien tUdng tach lap lang mdi
Thda Thien vdi sU ldn manh va lan ludt tren cd sd lang cii dien ra kha phd bien tai
thay the' nhau cda cac dd phu: Phudc Yen cac vung ddng bang, gd ddi, ven bien, ddm
(1626 - 1636), Kim Long (1636 - 1687), Bac pha Thda Thien Hue. Nda sau the ky XVIII,
Vong (1712 - 1738); dac biet, vung dat Phu can cd vao sd' sach cda ho Nguyin, Le Quy
Xuan nhd cd cai the: "Ddt rong bdng nhw Ddn cho biet: Thda Thien Hue' bay gid gdm
bdn tay, do hdn 10 dam, d trong la Chinh ba huyen HUdng Tra, Phd Vang, Quang
dinh, ddt cao, boh bi diu thap, tdc la cho Dien thudc phd Trieu Phong cd 23 tdng, 234
noi bat d giiCa ddt bang ngoi vi can (Tay xa, 23 thon, 77 phUdng, 1 giap, 1 chau, 3
Bac), trong hUdng ton (Dong Nam), diia sach (2); trong khi dd, vao thdi Mac, theo sd'
ngang song ddt, trong xuong ben song; lieu thd'ng ke cua DUdng Van An, Thda
ddng triedc Id quan sdn, chdu vi la liet, Thien Hue chi cd 180 lang xa.
' Khoa Lich sU - TrUOng Dai hoc Sa pham Hue


28
Nhd chinh sach khai hoang, md rong
dien tich canh tac, kinh te nong nghiep
Thda Thien Hue da phat trien nhanh
chong. Le Quy Don cho biet, tren canh dong
Dang Trong, nhan dan da cay den 26 giong
Ida nep va 23 giong Ida te, nhieu loai Ida
vda cay dUdc d ruong nU6c ngot vda cay

dUdc d ruong nU6c man. Viec khai thac cac
thd lam thuy hai san ciing dUdc day manh
the hien qua cac khoan thue dau nguon,
thue danh ca, thue mam muoi. Ben canh
do, cac chua Nguyen con thi hanh chinh
sach khuyen khich cong thUdng nghiep
phat trien de dap dng mdi nhu cau trcng
xd. Le Quy Don da ghi lai dUdc hoat dong
cua kha nhieu lang nghe, phat trien nhat
vin la nghe det vai (Sdn Dien, DUdng
Xuan, Van Xuan, Ddng Di, DUdng No,
Quan Ld...), luyen ren sit (Vong Tri, An
Luu, Phd Bai, Hien LUdng), due ddng d
DUdng Xuan (PhUdng Ddc), keo day thau,
day thep Mau Tai, det chieu lac Phu Trach,
lam giay trung va tieu d D6'c Sd, giay vuong
d Vinh XUdng, nghe lam non mong nho,
tinh te d x6m Tam giap thUdng xa Trieu
Sdn va nghe lam mui thuyen, mui kieu, bde
ve Da Le (3)... Ngoai cac nghe thu cong dan
gian phat trien va phd bien khip ndi vdi tu
each la nghe phu trong kinh te lang xa,
chua Nguyen con cho md cac cong xUdng dd
nha nUdc td chdc va quan ly goi la ty hay
doi, quy tu, phat trien chung quanh do phu
Kim Long - Phd Xuan.
Su phat trien cua nong nghiep va thd
cong nghiep ciing chinh sach doi ngoai coi
md, sin sang mdi goi thUdng nhan nUdc
ngoai den dau tu budn ban cua cac chua

Nguyen da giup cho ndi va ngoai thUdng
Thda Thien Hue cd budc tien dang ke, hinh
thanh nen phd' cang Thanh Ha, hoat ddng
nhdn nhip vao the ky XVII - XVIII. Nhiing
chuyen bien quan trong tren day cua kinh
te - xa hdi da tac ddng manh me de'n qua

Rghien curu Lich six, so" 12.2010
trinh phat trien cua mang ludi chd lang 6
Thda Thien Hue.
Tai lieu chinh sd viet ve thdi chua
Nguyen chu yeu gdm hai tac pham: Phu
bien tap luc cda Le Quy Ddn va Bai Nam
thUc luc (phan tien bien) cua Qudc sd quan
trieu Nguyin. Trong dd, Bai Nam thiic luc
tien bien thien ve mat chinh tri, ghi chep sU
nghiep cua chin chua Nguyen theo the bien
nien; cdn Phu bien tap luc la tac pham
mang tinh tdng luan de cap den nhieu mat
cua xd Thuan Quang, dang tiec la thdng
tin ve cac chd d Thda Thien Hue' qua it, chi
giup chdng ta xac dinh dUdc hai chd ldn
cua kinh thanh la chd Dinh Xuan DUdng,
chd Phd Xuan va phd Thanh Ha (4). Dang
chd y la tac pham Hoang Viet nhdt thdng
dii dia chi cua Le Quang Dinh viet nam
Gia Long thd 5 (1806), trong phan ghi chep
ve cac dUdng thuy, bd d Thda Thien Hue
hien thdi da cd nhac de'n kha nhieu chd
kem theo mdt sd' md ta nhd; dac biet, tac

gia cd nhan manh de'n mdt chd mdi dUdc
thanh lap: chd Vinh An. "Chet nay dong vao
budi trUa, ngudi dia phiidng cho biet ngdy
xita day khdng cd chd, chd nay do tdng ddc
Cd Tai mdi lap nen tuc goi la chd Mdi Ong
Cd" (5). Qua dd, chdng td tac gia da cd sU
tim hieu va phan biet giQa chd cii va mdi,
dieu nay che phep chung ta nhan dinh
rang: cac chd khac, nhat la cac chd cd quan
xa da dUdc hinh thanh td cac the ky trUdc.
Tren cd sd dd, chung tdi ket hdp vdi ngudn
tU lieu dien da va dUa tren mdt sd tU lieu
khac de luan chdng ve sU ton tai cua cac
chd lang vao thdi ky nay.
1. Cha lang d huyen Huang Trd
Hudng Tra vdi ddng sdng HUdng thd
mong da san sinh ra hai vung dat cd the
"nui song tdt dep": Kim Long va Phu Xuan,
vinh du dUdc chon lam ndi ddng dd dudi
thdi cac chua Nguyen.


I?e thong chg lang d Thira Thien T?ue.
Sau khi ddi thu. phu vao dong d Kim
Ldng (1636), cung v6i viec xay dung phan
do, chua Nguyen Phuc Lan cho thanh lap
khu ph6' cang Thanh Ha, each phu hdn
5km (6). Hoat dong thUdng mai cda khu
pho' cang nay chu yeu nam trong tay cua
nhiing thUdng nhan Hda kieu, dam nhiem

ca hai vai tre: noi va ngoai thUdng, la dau
mdi thUdng nghiep cho cac chd d dia
phUdng.
Trdng khi thUdng cang Thanh Ha phat
trien manh thi phan do dUdc chuyen ve
Phd Xuan. Sau hai lan ddi dung, Phu Xuan
td vai tro la thd phd (1687 - 1712) dUdc
nang len thanh do thanh vao nam 1744.
Theo do, hai thanh to do va thi phat trien
hoan chinh hdn Kim Ldng v6i sU xuat hien
them chd Dinh va chd Phu Xuan d kinh
thanh, phuc vu trUc tiep cho nhu cau ddi
sd'ng cua cung phu, binh linh noi thanh.
Dien mao cua khu do thi nay dUdc Le Quy
Don mo ta nhu sau: "Tie nam Dinh Mao
Chinh Hda thii 8 de'n nay chi 90 nam, md d
tren thi cdc phu thd d Kim Long, giiea thi
cung phu hanh lang, diidi thi nha cda d
Phu Ao... a thUdng lUu ve bd Nam cd phu
Dtiting Xuan vd phu Cam... dthUdng liiu vd
hq lUu Chinh dinh deu Id nhd quan bay
hang nhU ban cd. Nhiing nha cua thuy
quan lqi d ddi ngan. XUdng thuyen vd kho
' thdc thi 0 cdc xa Ha Khe, Tho Khiidng, tren
thUOng liiu. Cdn nhd vUdn cua cdc cdng hau
quyen quy thi chia bay d hai bd phia
thUOng litu sdng Phu Xuan, ciing hai bd
sdng con ben hieu phu Cam. O thUdng lieu
hq liiu phia triidc Chinh dinh thi chq phd
lien nhau, diidng cdi di d giiCa, nha cda

chia khoang tiep nhau, deu la mdi ngoi.
Cay to bdng mdt, td hiiu thanh hang.
Thuyen budn bdn, dd doc ngang, di lqi nhii
mac cdi" (7). NhU vay, bao quanh cung phd
trung tam la cac phu de, cac nha xUdng,
nha quan, nha khd..., dd la cd sd che cac chd

29
ven do hinh thanh hoac tiep tuc phat trien
tren cd sd chd cii nhU: chd Phu Cam, chd
Dudng Xuan, chd Thien Lde, chd Kim Long,
chd Xuan Hoa, chd Ldng Hd, chd Xudc Dii
(8)... Trong dd, chd Phd Cam n i m d bd ben
trai sdng Phu Cam, ndi cd nha vUdn cua cac
cdng h i u quy tdc toa lac d hai ben bd sdng
va cd phUdng lam nghe det hang td d phia
sau lung (9). Chd DUdng Xuan thudc dia
phan xa DUdng Xuan, tdng Vy Da - ndi
ddng phu de cua hai the' td dUdc xay dung
td khi chua len ngdi chua la: Nguyin Phuc
Chu d Cd Ta Binh, Nguyin Phuc Khcat d
Cd Tien Due (10) va dUdc nang cap thanh
phd DUdng Xuan dudi thdi Nguyen Phuc
Khcat. Ngcai ra, DUdng Xuan cdn la mdt
trong ba ap cd ddi thd det chuyen nghiep:
"Ve dia phan ba xa Sdn Dien, DUdng Xuan,
Van Xuan, chia lam ba dp, moi dp 10 nha,
mdi nha 15 thd det" va dac biet, day la ndi
chua Nguyin Phuc Lan (1636 - 1648) chon
dS.t phUdng due: "Cd phUdng due d bd nam

sdng Phu Xuan, deu la ngUdi kieu ngu d
ldn, cung biet due sung ddng vd vac, chao,
noi, xanh, cdy den, cay nen, moi vat" (11).
Nghe due d day da dUdc Dang Huy Tru" cam
tac bai thd Diidng Xuan due ddng. Dd la
nhiing dieu kien cho chd DUdng Xuan (cung
nhu cac chd ven do) ra ddi nhlm phuc vu
nhu ciu cua cac vUdng phu, binh linh, thd
thu cdng cung nhU dan chung sinh sd'ng
ddng due d khu vUc cin kinh nay. Chd
Thien Lde d phia ha lUu Chinh Dinh ve bd
Nam - ndi sdng HUdng re nhanh sdng con
Thien Lde (tdc sdng Nhu Y). Chd cd ten tuc
la chd Ao Tdi, xung quanh khu vUc nay cd
nha thuy quan va cdng xUdng ddng. Chd
Kim Long cd le ra ddi vad thdi ky Kim Long
cdn la thu phu (12), sau khi thu phu
chuyen xudng Phu Xuan, chd Kim Long trd
thanh chd ven dd. Kim Long, Xuan Hda,
Long Hd, Xudc Dii la cac lang n i m d
thUdng lUu sdng Phd Xuan, dan cU kha tru


30
mat, cung la vung dUdc chon lam ndi dong
phu de cua cong hau. Nam 1806, cac chd
nay da co dien mao kha sara ua't: "Chd Kim
Long, quan xd chd nay rat kien cd... Qudc
hoc dudng vd Mieu Van Thanh thuoc dia
phan xa Long Ho. Cdch 142 tam, de'n chd

Long Ho, hai ben chd Id quan xd rat dong
due. 210 tam de'n chd Khe Xudc, tuc goi chd
Ben Nay, chd nay ddng vao luc chieu tdi,
chung quanh cd quan xd" (13). Viec chuyen
Van Mieu tit Ludng Quan ve Long Ho vao
nam 1770 va xay dung Quoc hoc dudng
cung da cd tac dong nhat dinh den qua
trinh hinh thanh va phat trien cua chd
Long Ho va chd Xudc Du (14). Mat khac,
trong tap Giap Ngo nien binh nam dd
(1774), chd Xudc cung dUdc ghi danh d toa
do (6.B) (15). Khac v6i cac chd tren, chd
Xuan Hoa khong dUdc sd sach de cap den
nhUng thee tU lieu dia phUdng, trong ban
Khoan Udc cua ldng lap nam Canh Thinh
5 (1797) co noi den viec lap lai chd: "Vd
trong dia gidi ta, tii tien gian khai khan
deu nhd cdng ddc td tdng diing dat; dinh
dUdng dd chd... Phi todi may thu an lqc,
nao ngd mot cudc nhieu nhildng. Vay
khien nen thi dd tan lUu (chd do tan mdt),
them nan mdt mua ddi kem xdy de'n... Nay
mitng thay phong cUdng binh dinh, khap
ndi vui ve, yen on... thay kho tang chon cu,
at vay dd chd ddu xiia... Do ddu lo triidc,
chd cung toan sau..." (16). Nhu vay, chd
Xuan Hoa phai dUdc lap trudc nam 1774
la nam quan Trinh vao danh chiem Phd
Xuan gay ra "mot cuoc nhilu nhUdng".
Dieu de cung chdng td rang chd Xuan Hoa

da ton tai vao thdi chua Nguyen nhu cac
chd ven de ke tren tdc la vac khoang the
ky XVII - XVIII.
Ngoai ra, d HUdng Tra cdn cd cac chd
khac nhU: chd Bang Lang, chd Thai
Dudng...

Rghien ciru Lich stir, so' 12.2010
- Chd Bang Lang: Td chd Xudc di thuyen
theo sdng Hudng khoang 8 km de'n nga ba
Dd Tuan - ndi hai sdng Ta Trach va Hdu
Trach hdp luu thanh sdng HUdng, phia ben
trai la chd Bang Lang, tuc danh chd Tuan.
Dudi thdi chua Nguyin, d day cd dat sd
tuan de thu thue: "Tuan Tam Ky hang nam
tien thue 132 quan" (17). Chd Bang Lang la
chd dau ngudn, ndi ddng vai trd giao
thUdng, trao dd'i cac san pham hang hda
giua mien xudi va mien ngUdc. PhUdng
thdc trao dd'i hda vat vdi dan mien ndi dUdc
Le Quy Ddn ghi lai nhu sau: "Ngudn Td
Trach di qua cdc phiidng xa An Ninh, Kim
Ngoc, Diidng Lang, con la dan thiidng. Tii
day ma len diu la nui riing ldn, di hai ngdy
diidng de'n sach Lang NUdc cua ngiidi Man
diidi, roi de'n sach Ha Van, phUdng Hd Lqc,
phubng Ma Ra, doc diidng cdc ldi budn dem
cdc thd muoi, mam, trdu, dd nong cu,
thanh la ddi lay cdc thii may sat, mdy
trang, sap ong, mat ong... Ngudn Hiiu

Trach di qua phiidng An Binh la md md
tien nhdn ho Nguyen d day. Phubng Cay
Bong trd len diu la nui riing ldn..., ldi budn
khdng de'n dUdc, chi den mua bdn d xii Bai
Dinh Cay Bong thdi. Cdc dan Man ciing
thudng de'n day ddi chdc hda vat, cung nhii
d ngudn Td Trach. Dai khdi ddn Man luc
thUdng le tiet hay diing trdu ldn ciing Id
thanh la, do ddng, cdc vat dy bdn chay lam"
(18). Ngoai cac loai lam san, chd Tuan cdn
ndi tie'ng vdi che Tuan, mit nai cua lang
Kim Ngoc, Bde Mdn..., lai budn thUdng chu
yeu mua cac ldai nay mang ve xudi.
- Chd Thai DUdng: thudc dia phan lang
Thai Dudng Ha, nay la chd Thuan An, each
cda Eo khoang gan 1 km ve phia Nam (19).
Do b vao vi the xung yeu, gan cda bien va
la ndi sdng HUdng dd' ra pha Tam Giang,
lang Thai DUdng da trd thanh nga ba giao
diem cua cac ludng giao thdng thUdng mai
theo dUdng bien vae cda Ec hay theo dd doc


Tie thong cha long 6 Thira Thien r?ue..
tii hai phia nam bic pha Tam Giang tu hoi
ve day trudc khi ngUdc song HUdng len
vung kinh ky va ngUdc lai. Do la yeu to'
khach quan thuan ldi dUa de'n sU ra ddi cua
chd lang Thai DUdng nham dap dng nhu
ciu cda cU dan chu yeu lay ngU nghiep lam

ke' sinh nhai. Dau the ky XIX, chd Thai
DUdng da la mot chd ldn, dong ca sdm
chieu, quan xa tru mat (20), dd chic han la
he qua cua thdi ky hoat ddng thUdng mai
nhdn nhip vao theky XVII - XVIII.
2. Cha ldng d huyen Quang

Dien

Huyen Quang Dien vdi ddng sdng Bd
udh khdc d phan ha lUu da hai lan dUdc cac
chua Nguyen chon lam dat ddng thu phd:
Phudc Yen (1626 - 1636) va Bac Vong (1712
- 1738) (21). Hai thu phd nay each nhau
khoang chdng 6 km, doc theo phan ha luu
sdng Bd, nim gida vung ddng bing dUdc
xem la mau md nhat cua Thda Thien Hue,
nhu Dudng Van An da tdng ca ngdi: "...
ddng noi xanh tiidi, xdm thon trii mat, chq
no cdu kia, ngiibi sang vat quy deu toa lqc d
hai bb nam bac" (22). Tuy chi ton tai trong
thdi gian ngln so vdi cac thd phu khac d
Thda Thien Hue' nhung day v i n la ndi
ddng ly sd cua chua, tdi thieu phai cd cac
cdng trinh phuc vu cho chinh quyen va
quan ddi bao ve vUdng phu, ndi cU tru cua
chua, cac than vUdng, quan lai cao cap va
di nhien phai cd cac chd. The nhUng, cac tai
lieu dia chi thdi Nguyen deu khdng de cap
de'n sU ten tai cua cac chd d Phudc Yen (23)

va Bac Vong, cd le luc bay gid chi cd cac chd
can phu nhU: Thanh Ke, Hudng Can, Van
Xa, Ha Lang.
Phu Phudc Yen n i m giiia hai chd Thanh
Ke va HUdng Cin. Di thuyen theo sdng Bd
xud'ng nga ba Hong Phudc, vi tri nhu sau:
"950 tam, ben trdi td day di xud'ng deu cd
ddn cii vd ddt khd, ben phdi cd chq Thanh
LUdng, ten cu la chq Thanh Ke, chq ddng

31
vao budi triia. 900 tam (gin 2 km), ben trdi
cd phu cu PhUdc Yen. 1525 tam (hdn 3 km),
hai ben deu cd dan cU vd ddt khd, ben phdi
cd chd Huang Cdn, chq ddng vao budi sdng"
(24).
- Chq Thanh Ke: vao thdi chua Nguyen
thudc xa Thanh Ke, td'ng Ha Lang. Qua
doan trich: "chq Thanh Lu'dng, ten cu la chd
Thanh Ke" chdng td r i n g chd nay da cd td
kha lau trUdc nam 1806. Ben canh dd, chd
Thanh Ke chi each phd Phudc Yen khoang
chdng 2 km (nhUng d phia dd'i ngan) va sU
ton tai cua be'n dd Phudc Yen dUa ngang
qua dia phan xa Thanh LUdng (25) da cho
thay chd Thanh Ke khdng chi la ndi trad
ddi, mua ban giQa cU dan Thanh Ke vdi cac
lang lan can ma cdn la ndi cung cap chu
yeu cac mat hang phuc vu cho nhu ciu cudc
sd'ng cda chua Nguyen va cac ting ldp quan

lai, binh linh d phd Phudc Yen. Qua dd,
chdng tdi cho ring, cd the chd Thanh Ke da
hien dien vao khoang d i u the ky XVII.
- Chd Hiidng Cdn: thudc xa HUdng Cin,
td'ng Ddng Lam. Xet ve mat vi tri, chd
HUdng Cin n i m gin tram Linh Giang be'n tram quan trong nhat cda mien O
Chau vao giiia the ky XVI: "Tram Linh
Giang gan xd U Cdn, huyen Dan Dien. Ben
ndch Id nga ba sdng, trUdc mat la dong
song trdi ddi nhii vat do. Td Trd Ke dap
thuyen de'n rat tien, d Diem TrUdng cung cd
dudng thuy thdng sang. Long tien soi bdng
niidc, cb xi phdp phdi ben hang quan, do
mao rang rd chinh te, khach khiia ddng
nhu tray hdi" (26). O can ke vdi mdt dia the'
thuan tien nhu tren, thdng sudt ve dUdng
thuy, la ndi ddng chan cua mdt sd'lUdng ldn
cac quan, khach tai cac hang quan gin
tram - do chinh la dieu kien cd ban cho sU
ra ddi sdm cua chd HUdng Cin vao khoang
cudi the ky XVI d i u the' ky XVII. Ben canh
dd, viec Phudc Yen dUdc chon lam thd phd


32
chic han da co tac dong nhat dinh den qua
trinh hinh thanh va phat trien cua ngoi chd
each phu khoang hdn 3 km nay.

Rghien ciiu Lich sfr. so" 12.2010


Quang Dien va cac chd: Dai Lde, Ke Mdn,
Vinh XUdng, Hudng Trien (Thanh HUdng)
thudc dia hat huyen HUdng Tra la nhiing
Giong nhu Phudc Yen, thu phd Bac chd n i m tren tuye'n dUdng bd td be'n Vinh
Vong (nim gan nga ba Quai Vac) ciing co Tri ngang qua pha Tam Giang re theo
cac chd can phu: theo hUdng tay bic (tdc la nhanh dUdng hudng Bic de'n chd HUdng
di ngUdc dong song Bo), each phu khoang Trien giap dau dia gidi dinh Quang Tri.
chdng 2 km co chd Ha Lang ben bd phai va Dang chd y la tren con dUdng dai 14.608
chd Van Xa d bd dd'i ngan (27). Su ton tai t i m nay (gin 31 km), mdi xa deu cd met
cua ben do Van Xa dUa ngang qua dia phan chd va chd nao cung cd quan xa ddng due,
xa Ha Lang hay ben do Bac Vong dua kha to ldn, khach di dudng cd the nghi lai
ngang qua dia phan xa Van Xa (28) da sau mdt doan dudng td kinh thanh ve de'n
phin nao noi len dUdc sU giao lUu, trao ddi ben Vinh Tri dai 5954 tam (12.5 km) (31).
cac hang hoa, vat pham giua cU dan cac Qua dd, chdng td ring, cac chd nay da dUdc
lang nay vdi nhau, nhat la khi thd phd Bac hinh thanh td trUdc va den thdi diem nam
Vong dUdc xay dUng, cac chd nay nam gii3 1806 dang d trong giai doan phat trien.
vai tre la ndi cung dng cac loai vat pham Mdt trong nhiing nhan td' khien chung ra
phuc vu ddi sd'ng cung phd. Tren cd sd dd, ddi kha sdm va cd mat dd day dd la: giao
chung tdi nhan dinh hai chd Ha Lang va thdng thuan tien. Song song vdi tuye'n
dUdng bd neu tren, tai be'n chd HUdng
Van Xa da xuat hien td d i u the ky XVIII.
Trien (tdc chd Thanh HUdng) cd dd doc di
Treng dia hat huyen Quang Dien, luc
theo sdng 0 Lau dd vao pha Tam Giang
bay gid cdn cd mdt sd'chd sau:
de'n cda bien Thuan An rdi ngUdc sdng
- Chd Sa Doi: Chd nay thudc dia phan xa Linh Giang dUa ngang qua phd' Thanh Ha
Sa Ddi, tdng An Thanh (29). Mac du Sa Ddi den ben chd Bao Vinh, tuc goi la dd Ke
nim ben canh lang Thanh Trung - trung Hudng rdi de'n be'n phia Bic thanh ngoai

tam thanh Hda Chau nhUng trong O chdu kinh thanh. Khdng nhiing vay, cac chd nay
can luc chi dUdc Dudng Van An liet ke cdn n i m tren tuye'n dUdng thuy v i n chuyen
trong danh sach lang xa, khdng de cap de'n hang hda td cac chd d vung Quang Tri (ndi
d cac muc khac, cd le lang Sa Ddi thdi ky tie'ng la chd phien Cam Lo) vdi dac san ho
nay chua cd gi ndi bat. Tuy nhien, den thdi tieu, d i u rai... theo cac sdng Hieu, sdng
chua Nguyen, trong hai tap ban do: An Thach Han, sdng 6 Lau di ngang qua day
Nam td chi 16 do thu" do Nho sinh trung trUdc khi len phd" cang Thanh Ha, Bao
thdc Do Ba ve cud'i the' ky XVII va Giap Vinh va cac chd d kinh thanh. Su thuan
Ngo nien binh nam do cua Doan quan cdng tien ve giao thdng giup cho cac chd d vung
Bui The' Dat ve nam 1774, trong phin ban dat sau lung la bien, trUdc mat la sdng
dd vung Thda Thien deu cd ghi dia danh Sa hoac d i m pha nay d l dang hdn trong viec
Ddi thi (30), chdng td luc bay gid Sa Ddi la lUu thdng hang hda, trd thanh d i u md'i
mdt chd ldn. Dieu nay cho phep chdng ta phan phd'i ngudn hang thuy, hai san ddng
xac dinh tUdng dd'i thdi diem ra ddi cua chd thdi thu hut cac mat hang nong - lam san,
Sa Ddi la vad nda d i u the'ky XVII.
thUc pham va thu cdng nghiep quy tu ve
- Chd Lanh Tuyen: cdng vdi chd Thanh day de phuc vu cho san xua't va tieu dung
Cdng, chd The Chi thudc dia hat huyen cua cU dan. Qua dd, chdng tdi cho ring, cac


33

M thdng cha lang 6 Thira Thien rjue'..
chd nay hinh thanh vao thdi chua Nguyin,
cc the la trdng giai doan hung thinh cua
phd cang Thanh Ha tdc la vao the ky XVII
XVIII.
- Chd Co Bi: thuoc xa Co Bi, tdng Dong
Lam, ndi cc den Minh Uy la ngoi cd mieu
khoa chat 3 dau ngudn Sdn Bd va dd ciing

chinh la dac diem ve dia the cua chd Cd Bi chd b vung sdn cUdc, dau ngudn. Chd nay
nam d phia ben phai cua dUdng len ndi,
ddng vao budi sang, la ndi ngUdi mien xudi
dUa cac san pham cda vung ddng bang,
viing bien len de trao ddi, mua ban cac loai
lam san. Cac loai lam san nay dUdc dUa ve
chd Cd Bi bang cac phUdng thdc nhU:
"Hang nam con quan dem muoi gao phdt
cho cdc sdeh (gom 17 sach ddn Man thUdng
va Man hq), doi lay san vat, dem bdn sinh
ldi" (32); hoac la dan thUdng d chd Co Bi
mang cac san pham nhu m&m, muoi, gao,
ca khd, vat dung... ngUdc len cac viing,
thac, di khoang 4275 tam (9 km) thi den
thac Trai, ben phai cd ddi cat rdng, thudc
phan thu ngudn Sdn Bd, dan mien ndi
thUdng den mua ban tai day va d day cdn
cd ddi thd rdng va dan lam nghe dan go cU
tru (33), dan thUdng sau khi trao ddi cac
loai hda vat vdi dan mien nui va nhQng
ngudi thd rdng thi mang ve ban d chd; hoac
cung cd the dan mien ndi tU dem lam san
xud'ng ban d chd Co Bi vi theo ghi chep cua
Le Quang Dinh, d chd Co Bi cd dat ddn thu
thue' dan mien ndi (34). Hoat ddng mua
ban d ngdi chd dau ngudn nay phin nao
dUdc phan anh qua nhiing ghi chep cua Le
Quy Ddn: "Hp Nguyen trUdc sai Le Minh
Ddc lam con quan trdng nom cdc sach dan
man, trUng thu thue le, cdc ddn mien xudi

mudn len ddu ngudn mUu sd'ng, cd ai trinh
dpi trUdng thi cho di, hen ky ve phdi de'n
nop thue... Xa Hien Si d hq lUu cd sd tuan,
ngUdi budn len ngudn thi mdi thuyen thu

30 dong; ngiibi budn xudi ngudn thi thu vat
chd d thuyen 2 bd, sue gd kien kien thi moi
10 tam thu 7 tien, sue gd cay thi mdi 10 cay
thu 2 tien; diibng len nui cd lb due liidi cay,
ngiibi budn bdn til day ra, mang cdi to thi
100 cdi phai tien thue 1 quan 2 tien, cdi
nho thi 100 cdi phai tien thue 6 tien" (35).
NhU vay, san vat ma dan mien xudi mang
ve chd yeu la: sdc gd, ludi cay va "thu vat
chd ve d thuyen 2 bd" cd le la cac loai cay
may, gai, gid, cdi... Qua nhdng hoat ddng
mua ban, trao ddi hang hda ciing nhu viec
trUng thu thue dau ngudn neu tren da the
hien rd vai trd trung gian, lUu chuyen hang
hda giQa mien xudi va mien ngUdc cua chd
Co Bi ddng thdi cho thay hoat ddng mua
ban d day cung kha manh va nhdn nhip
ngay td thdi chua Nguyen.
3. Chd ldng a huyen Phu

Vang

Su phat trien cda nen kinh te hang hda
vdi trung tam phd' cang Thanh Ha - chd
Dinh da cd tac ddng nha't dinh den sU hinh

thanh va tiep tuc phat trien cda mang ludi
chd d khu vUc xung quanh. Ben canh cac
chd: Lai An, Mau Tai, Lai Thi, The' Lai vd'n
da ton tai td the ky XVI cdn cd sU xua't hien
cda chd Hdng Phudc toa lac tai nga ba giao
thuy giiia sdng HUdng va sdng Bd (36); chd
Bao Vinh - nen tang cho sU hinh thanh phd
chd Bao Vinh sam ua't vao dau the ky XIX.
Doc theo nhanh sdng con Thien Lde, di
khoang 4km, d ben bd trai cd chd DUdng
Mong - DUdng Mong vd'n la ndi ddng t r i sd
cda huyen Phd Vang dudi thdi chua
Nguyin (37); d phia dd'i ngan cd chd Da Le tuc danh chd Horn Got giQ vai trd la chd
dau md'i cac mat hang ndn la va got tre
(38). Xudi ddng di tiep khoang 3 km den
chd Sam - ngdi chd dUdc ghi danh trong tap
Giap Ngo nien binh nam dd rdi den chd cau
ngdi Thanh Toan nam ben bd phai each chd
Sam 2,5km (39).


34

Rghien cum Lich sir, so' 12.2010

Song Thien Lde xudi ve nam g i n nhu
song song vdi dong chay cua pha Tam
Giang, lan luat hdp vdi cac song: An Cuu,
Dai Giang, Phu Bai, Nong... do ra pha Ha
Trung. Den cuo'i pha, bd ben phai co chd

Cac Doi va bd ben trai co cac chd d vung
dam pha, ven bien phia nam cua huyen
Phu Vang: chd phUdng Phu Luy, chd My
Toan (My Ldi), chd Diem TrUdng, cac chd
nay deu thuoc tong Diem TrUdng.
- Chd Cao Doi: Cao Doi la mot thung
lung nho dUdc bad boc bdi cac day ndi d ba
phia bic, tay, nam; ngoai trd mat phia
dong giap viing dim pha H i Trung rong
ldn do ra bien qua cda Tu Hien. Vai dia the
niy, Cao Doi co ba dang dia hinh: sau lung
v i hai ben l i ndi - ndi co nguon Phu Au
(tdc bao Du Moc) nam d phia tay dUdng re
den sach Cao Doi; dong bing d giQa v i
trUdc mat l i vung dam pha co cU d i n Thien
Loai sinh song. Nhu vay, tuy theo tdng loai
dia hinh m i cU dan Cao Doi sinh song bing
nhieu nghe nghiep khac nhau, nhu cau
giao lUu, trao doi cac san pham nong - lam ngU - thd cong de dam bao cuoc song ducc
dat ra mot each tat yeu dan den sU ra ddi
cda cha.
Tu lieu chinh sd dau tien de cap de'n cha
Cao Ddi l i Hoang Viet nhdt thdng du dia
chi (1806): "U cdu song Cao Ddi di xuong
31 tam (65m), ben cdu phia ddng cd chq cu"
(40). Dieu dd chQng td rang, cha Cao Ddi da
ton tai td trUdc dd k h i lau. Tuang truyen
ring: Ong Nguyin V i n Chan l i ngudi dau
tien ddng ra l i p cha. Ong cdng mdt sd'
ngudi khac diing nen nhdng tup leu tranh

dan sa de l i m tu diem mua b i n thUdng
ngay.
Trong
vdi chd"
Chcfn chi
man thd

bai ' V i n te nhQng ngUdi cd cdng
cd doan: "Ky phdi: Nguyin Van
vi, bd hq ngu phiidng chu ngdn ky
tdc dang dang hvtu vi vd danh

trung trung hiiu danh vd vi. Tam thap loai
dang chung, vd tii dm hon, cd hon, dong lai
phdi hudng". Gia pha ho Nguyin d ling
Cao Ddi cho biet: dng Nguyin V i n Chdn l i
ddi thd ba sau n g i i khai canh, tQ ddi thd
ba de'n nay da 17 ddi, tdc l i khoang tren
dudi 400 n i m (41). Vio giQa the ky XVI,
DUdng Van An d i ghi chep ten ling Cao
Ddi thudc huyen Tu Vinh. Can cd vio cac
ngudn tU lieu tren, chdng tdi cho rang cha
Cao Ddi dUdc t h i n h l i p vio dau the ky
XVII.
- Chq phubng Phu Luy: Cha n i y nam
each cda bien Tu Dung khoang chdng 4
km. Cda Tu Dung v i cda Eo l i hai cda bien
cd vi the quan trong ve mat chinh t r i - kinh
te. Mua Ddng n i m Canh T h i n (1560),
Nguyin Hoing cho dat ddn cda bien giQ

mien duyen hai. Chinh trong thdi gian nay
(1555 - 1776) d i xuat hien them cic ling,
phudng mdi gan cda bien Tu Dung nhU: My
Toin, My A, An Bing, Ddn Che, H i Uc,
Phu Luy (Tri Luy) (42)...
Trong thdi ky nen kinh te hing hda d
Dang Trong phat trien, cac thUdng thuyen
Trung Qudc, t i u budn cua nhieu nUdc
phuang Tiy, cic thuyen chd cd'ng phim td
cic tinh, thuyen gao t d Ddng Nai, Gia Dinh
v i cac thuyen budn khac de'n Phu Xuan Thanh Ha bang hai cda: cda Eo v i cda Tu
Dung nhung chd yeu l i vio cda Tu Dung
(43). Do vay, n h i nUdc cho t i n g cudng hoat
ddng cda ddn cda bien v i cat d i t them din
phu luy, dua de'n sU ra ddi cda dan vi hinh
chinh: phudng Phu Luy (nay l i thon Phu
An - xa Vinh Hien). N i m trong ludng lUu
thdng hing hda ldn, nai day dUdc Pierre
Poivre goi l i cang vdi ri't nhieu t i u thuyen
neo d i u de binh linh kiem tra v i thu thue,
dd l i dieu kien ca ban cho sU ra ddi cua cha
ddn, nai dan thuang v i l i i budn cic thuyen
cd the mua ban, trao ddi. Hoang Viet nhdt


r)e thong cho lang 6 Thira Thien t}ue..
thong dii dia chi cho biet: "ChqphUdng Phu
Luy dong vao budi sdng, d day co ddn ciia
bien de kiem soat thuyin be budn bdn qua
lqi... 1775 tam, den ddn ciia Bien (Tii

Dung), d day co ddn de kiem soat thuyen
budn vao ra" (44). Sri hien dien cua don
canh chd (co le thiet lap cung vdi chef) de
kiem soat thuyen be buon ban chdng to
hoat dong giao dich d day rat sim uat.
- Chq Diem Phung vd chq My Toan
Chd Diem Phung do hai lang Diem
TrUdng va Phung Chanh dong tao lap. Day
la hai lang nam ke can va co moi quan he
mat thiet vdi nhau, trong dan gian van lUu
truyen cau: "Cha Diem, me Phung". Td
giQa the ky XVI, Diem TrUdng va Phung
Chanh da dUdc biet den vdi cac nganh nghe
nhU: danh ca, xe van ddng thuyen, det
chieu cdi va dac biet la nghe lam mud'i (45).
Cudc sd'ng on dinh, an nghiep tao cd sd nay
sinh nhu cau trao dd'i san pham. TUdng
truyen ring, chd dUdc hinh thanh dUa vao
cai the cua vung ruong mud'i, nam d ndi
tiep giap giQa hai lang (46). Vi tri nay phan
nao dUdc Le Quy Ddn khai quat nhu sau: "Phd
Hd Trung rdng ldn khdng thay bb, ddn cU d
vong quanh bdn be, xd Diem TrUbng d giiia
phd". Vdi dia the' dd, chd Diem Phung sau khi
thiet lap da trd thanh chd vung, chd td'ng cua
tdng Diem TrUdng. Dieu nay dUdc chdng thUc
thdng qua: Ddn keu ve viec lang Diem Phung
ddi tien cdng sda chd vd ly cua phudng My
Toan nam 1757. Ndi dung cda van ban nay
nhu sau: "Chiic sac phubng My Toan ndi

phu huyen Phu Vang vd toan the phudng
than ddn rang: Do phubng chung tdi va
ldng Diem Phung Id lan ly. Vao nhirng nam
trUdc phudng chung tdi vd cdc ldng tiep can
khdng cd chd thiidng budn bdn tai chq Diem
Phung, (ho) khdng lay phubng chiing tdi
tien ddt chd, tudng cung Id dn diic. Nen kid
ldng Diem Phung ldp dinh chd thi phiidng

35
chung tdi vd cdc ldng deu chiu phan tranh
ldp dinh (chd) de ngoi budn bdn. Con nhii
ldng Diem Phung cdu phudc thi phiidng
chung tdi cung cd di tien le cung. Bat ngd
ndm Giap Tudt (1754), ldng Diem Phung
lam khd phudng chung tdi, khien cho khdng
ciing thuan thdo. Qua nam At Hdi (1755)
phUdng chung tdi lap chd mdi tai dia phan
phiidng chung tdi, da nap quan thue de
sinh sd'ng. Tii do de'n nay phiidng chung tdi
tuyet khdng buon bdn tai chd Diem Phung.
De'n nay ldng Diem Phung ldp dinh chd, the
md con ddi phubng chung tdi sd' tranh vd
tien cdng, that Id bde bach khi md phubng
chung tdi da cd chd da cd thue. Ngiia mong
quy quan cao minh rdng soi xet, dam xin
lenh phd cho, de tuyet sii ly de khoi bi lang
Diem Phung lam khd sd ep truy ddi quay
nhieu. Cung than.
Canh Hung nam thii 18 (1757), ngdy 27

thdng 10 than" (47).
Ndi dung cua van ban tren cung cap
cho chung ta kha nhieu thdng tin lien
quan de'n hai chd Diem Phung va My
Toan. ThQ nhat, chd My Tcan dUdc thiet
lap vao nam At Hdi 1755. Thd hai, trUdc
nam 1755, dan lang My Toan va cac lang
lan can khdng cd chd nen thUdng budn ban
tai chd Diem Phung. Dieu do chdng td
r i n g chd Diem Phung da dUdc thanh lap
sdm, cd le vao khoang nda cudi the ky
XVI, khi ddi sd'ng cda dan Diem TrUdng,
Phung Chanh d'n dinh va vung dat duyen
hai nay tiep nhan them nhieu cU dan den
sinh cd lap nghiep.
NhU vay, sang thdi chua Nguyen, mang
ludi chd lang d Thda Thien Hue" da dUdc
hinh thanh deu khlp ba huyen HUdng Tra,
Quang Dien, Phu Vang vdi sU hien dien
cda cac loai chd d ca ba vung mien nui,
ddng bing, dim pha - ven bien. Cac chd
nay thUdng toa lac tren lUu vUc cac sdng:


36
song Huong, song Bo, song 6 Lau, song
Cao Doi... va cac phu lUu cua chung hoac
doc vung dam pha, ven bien. Nhd vay,
trong dieu kien giao thong dUdng bo con
nhieu kho khan, thong qua cac tuyen do

doc, do ngang, cac nguon hang dUdc luan
chuyen den nhiing ndi can den, bd sung, ho
trd cac mat hang can thiet cho thi trUdng

Rghien ciiu Lich sir, so' 12.2010
dia phudng, tad nen mot sU lien ket chat
che cac thi trUdng phan tan nhd vai trd thu
hut, dieu tiet ngudn hang ndi, ngoai thUdng
cua phd cang Thanh Ha - Chd Dinh, dap
dng nhu cau cho vung dd phu Dang Trong
va ddi sd'ng cua cac giai tang trong nhan
dan vung Thda Thien dang ngay cang on
dinh, phat trien.

CHU THICH
(1), (2), (3), (4), (7), (9), (11), (17), (18), (32),
(35), (42). Le Quy Don, Phu bien tap luc, Khoa hoc
xa hoi nhan van • Vien Su hoc dich, Nxb. Vdn hda
Thdng tin, 2007, tr. 145, 97-100, 416-428, 274 &
414, 146, 427, 418, 274, 149, 265, 265, 98.
(5), (13), (20), (24), (27), (31), (33), (34), (40),
(44). Le Quang Dinh, Hoang Viet nhdt thdng die
dia chi, Phan Dang dich chu giai, Nxb. Thuan Hda
- Trung tam Vdn hda ngon ngd Ddng Tay, 2005, tr.
203, 195&204, 198, 215, 213-215, 199, 214, 214,
212, 194.
(6). Theo ddn thinh nguyen cua dan lang viet
ndm Bao Thai thii 7 (1726) cd doan: "Chua ThUOng
Vuong sau khi ddi phu ve Kim Long ben cho phdp
tien hien chung ta kien thiet khu chp ndi giap gidi

hai xa Thanh Ha va Dia Linh". Dan theo Do Bang,
Phd cdng viing Thuan Quang theky XVII - XVIII,
Nxb. Thuan Hda, Hue, 1996, tr. 106.

(14). Qudc hoc dUdng la ndi cac Nho sinh Dang
Trong den hoc. Theo nhu ghi chep ciia Le Quy Ddn
trong bai tua sach Phu bien tap luc thi luc bay gid
(1776) cd "vai trdm ngUdi hoc": "Ngay te Dinh, tdi
th&n den Hoc cung xem li, hoc trb den hoc co vdi
tram ngiCbi..." Le Quy Don. Phu bien tap luc, sdd,
tr. 15. Le ta't nhien, nhiing Nho sinh nay se tro hoc
b khu vUc xung quanh, chu yeu la Long Ho vd
Xudc Du, lam gia tang them dan sd' phi nong
nghiep. Dieu nay dUdc phan anh mdt phan qua sU
kien vua Gia Long sau khi len ngoi da cd chii
trUdng xay dung lai chua Thien Mu (do bi do' nat),
vua giao cho Ddng Ddc Sieu (1750 - 1810) luc nay
dang lam quan d bo Le vdn Id ngUdi d Bong Sdn,
tinh Binh Dinh, thdi tre ra tro hoc d xa Xudc Du,
nhan lay vd ban thd' nen lam nha 6 day, nhd lai vd
phac hoa sd do theo quy md cu de tai kien chua.
(15). Hong Diic ban do, Tu sach vien khao cd'
Bo Qudc gia Giao due, Sai Gdn, 1962, tr.145.

(8). Cac chd nay dUdc xac dinh tren hai cd sd:
(16). Le Vdn Thuyen (chu bien): Vdn ban Hdn
thii nha't la cdn cii vao vi tri toa lac, thd hai Id cac
Ndm ldng xd d Hue giiia theky XVII den ddu theky
chd ndy (trd chd Xuan Hda va DUdng Xuan) deu XLX, tap 1, Nxb. Thudn Hda, Hue, 1996, tr. 49-50.
dUdc Hoang Viet nhdt thdng die dia chi de cap den

(19). Eo la ten tuc cua ldng Hda Duan (Phu
trong phan viet ve cac dUdng thuy, bo.
Thuan - Phu Vang), lang b ben kia ciia bien, dan
(10). Le Duy Sdn, Ve nhiing phu de d Hue thai lang Thai DUdng Ha vd Hda Duan qua lai vdi
cdc vua Nguyin, Tap chi Nghien ciiu Lich sd, sd 4- nhau bang do Ciia Eo. Ndm 1813, dd'i ten Id ciia
2004, tr. 20-30, 21.
Thuftn An. Tuy nhien, thang mUdi ndm 1897, eo
(12). Su hinh thanh cua hai yeu to do va thi lam bien nay bi lap do mnt cdn bao kem theo vdi sdng
cho Kim Long trd nen phon thinh va dUdc Giao si thdn cung luc a'y md ra eo bien mdi. Eo bien mdi
nay chinh la cua Thudn An hien nay, each chd
Alexandre De Rhodes goi la Ke Hue.


Ijg mong chq lang 6 Thira Thien Yjue..

37

Thai Dudng khoang chiing hdn 1km ve phia bac.

(38). 6 xd Hue, hau het cac lang que deu cd nghe
(21). Phudc Yen nay thuoc xa Quang Tho, Bac ldm non. Da thanh le, khdng biet tit luc nao, vao luc
5 gid sang, chd Da Le trd thanh ndi tap trung mua
Vong thuoc xa Quang Phu - huyen Quang Dien.
ban
non va vat lieu lam non td cac ldng Dien Dai,
(22), (26), (45). Diidng Van An, 6 chdu can luc,
Van Thanh - Phan Dang dich vd chu giai, Nxb. Chinh Xuan O, Sam, Dudng Mong, Chiet Bi, Xuan Hda,
Dong Di, Tay Ho... Lang Da Le cdn noi tie'ng vdi
tri Qudc gia, Ha Ndi, 2009, tr. 26, 92, 37-38 & 64.
nghe lam got truyen thd'ng den thdi Tu DUc dUdc

(23). 6 lang Phudc Yen hien nay cd chd Phiidc
Dang Huy TrU lam thd ca ngdi vdi nhan de: Chiem
Yen, nam d ben sdng Bo. The nhiing, trong phan
thUOng Da Le (tdc: Chupng thd got Da Le).
trich din ve doan diidng thuy (cl phia diidi), chung
(39). Ciu ngdi Thanh Todn bic qua con mUdng
ta thay ring, mdc du cd di qua dia phan Phudc
din
nUdc tif sdng NhU Y vdo tudi cho canh ddng
Yen nhUng khdng cd de cap den chd. Dieu do
lang, dUdc bd Tran Thi Dao cung tien xay diing
chiing to chd Phudc Yen chi mdi lap ve sau nay.
ndm
1776. Ba Le Thi Nganh (78 tudi) ndi ring:
(25), (28). Qudc sii quan trieu Nguyen. Dai
"Nghe
ngUdi xUa kelai thi trUdc khi cd cay cdu ngdi
Nam nhat thd'ng chi - Thiea Thien phu, tap thUOng,
nay,
ddn
ldng d bd ben kia mudn sang chp phdi di
Nha vdn hoa - Bd qudc gia giao due, 1961, tr. 110,
qua cdu tre hoac loi bo". Ket hop vdi thdng tin cua
110-111.
Hoang Viet nhdt thd'ng du dia chi cd de cdp den cac
(29). Sa Ddi vdn cd ten Id Kim Ddi, tuy nhien
chd tren [tr. 207], chung tdi xac dinh tUdng dd'i thdi
do kieng huy cha cua chua Nguyen Hoang la An
gian ra ddi cua chd cau ngdi Thanh Todn la vao
Thanh hiu Nguyin Kim nen ddt Id Sa Ddi, den

theky XVIII.
khi quan Trinh vdo chiem ddng Phu Xuan thi ddt
(41). Nhdng tu lieu dia phUdng nhU: bai vdn te,
lai ten cu Kim Doi.
(30). Trong An Nam tie chi Id do thu chd Sa Dei gia pha, nien hieu dinh lang de dng Nguyin Hong,
nim d toa do (7, C) vd day la chd duy nha't dUdc 82 tuoi cung cap.
ghi danh (tr. 93) &c Giap Ngo nien binh nam do
(43). Cac thuyen budn chd cd'ng pham phan ldn
nim b toa do (8, D) (tr. 145).
tit mien Nam ra. Ve ciia bien Tu Dung, Pierre
(36). 6 xa Thanh Phudc vao nien hieu Canh Poivre cd di den Dang Trong ndm 1749 viet: "Ngdy
Hung 27 (1766) cd ddt 1 sd dd cheo ngang qua xa xUa cd ngdy nUdc sdu vd cdc chiec thuyen tdng cua
An Thanh. Theo van ban Han Ndm dUdc nhd Trung Qudc vdo dd khdng he hdn gi... day Id cdng
nghien cdu Tran Dai Vinh sUu tam thi: "Tuye'n do ngUpc len chon cung dinh gan hon cd vd tien hon
ngang xd Hong Phudc ve An Thanh, Thuy Ban cdcd de cho vd so'thuyen be vdo ra hang nam ngUpc
muc thue nam Dinh Hoi (1767) la llq 7t 30d, hai len Hue ddng bieu pham vat tie cdc tinh ve kinh
ndm sau, tdng len de'n 29q 2t 30d" [Trin Dai Vinh,dd" [BAVH, 1920 tr. 14].
Tu lieu Hdn Ndm mdt so'lang xa Thiea Thien Hue, (46). Tai day, ngUdi ta ngan vung dat man ven
tap IX, tr. 8). Sii hinh thanh chinh thdc ben do nay dam pha thanh nhiing khoanh ldn nhd khac nhau,
c6 le lien quan de'n vi£c mua ban, thdng thUdng cho nUdc man tran vao, qua trinh bd'c hdi cua nUdc
cua cu dan cac lang An Thanh, Thuy Ban vd'n de lai nhdng rupng mud'i tring xda.
khdng cd chd vdi chd Hong Phudc.
(47). Tran Dai Vinh. Tu lieu Hdn Ndm mdt so
(37). Trong tap An Nam tie chi Id do thu, b toa
lang xa Thiea Thien Hue, tap VI, Sd Khoa hoc,
dd (6.D) cd ghi: Phu Vinh huyen tri Dudng Mong
Cdng nghe vd Moi trUdng Thda Thien Hue, 1995,
xa (tr. 145).
tr. 37-38.