Ti/iilu IplNH CHlNH sCfMfM
VE DIA BAN HOAT D O N G CUA NGHIA Q U A N B A I SAY
NGUYEN THANH HOA'
K
hfli nghia Dai Sfiy lfi mdt trong
nhflng cudc khfli nghia ldn nhtft
trong phong trfio Cfin Vuong cutfi thtf ky
XIX, Vfio nhflng nflm 1883-1885, khi Dinh
Gia Qutf lanh dao thi dia bfin ho^t ddng
chii yfi'u fl tinh HUng Yen. NhUng tfl khi
Nguyin Thi^n Thufit trUc tifi'p lanh dao
cudc khfli nghia tuy Itfy Bai Sfiy lfim cfin cfl
chinh, nghia quan da md rdng ra hfiu khfip
ba tinh ta ngan sdng Hdng (HSi Duong,
Bfic Ninh, HUng Yen) vfi nhifi'u trfin danh
ldn da diln ra fl vflng nfiy. Ngofii ra, nghia
qufin cdn hoat dtfng manh fl cfic huy^n
Thanh Tri, Thanh Oai, cac phii ttng Hda,
Thudng Tin (Hfi Ddng) vfi cfi nhifi'u lfin dfi
titfn eat Gia Lfim (gfin Hfi Npi) (nfim
1888). Cfic con duflng giao thdng ehinh
nhu Hfi Nfii - Hai Dudng - Hai phdng vfi
Hfi Ndi - Hung Yfin - Thfii Binh cung bi
nghia qufin kilm sofit. Cfic dofin xo vfin tai
eiia Phfip di trdn hai con duflng nfiy lufin
bi phuc kich (1). Khfli nghia Dai Sfiy cd
mdt dja bfin khfi rdng ldn, bao gdm rfi't
nhitfu tinh dong b^ng Bfic B^ ngfiy nay.
Khdng nhflng vfly 'Vdi uy tin cua minh,
Nguyin Thi^n Thufit cdn bfit lifin l^c vdi
phong trfio mitfn nui nhU lifin l^c vdi LUu
Ky fl vflng Dfing Bfic" (2).
* Truflng Cao dfing Hai DutJng
Gfin day, trong khi sUu tfim tfii H^u fl
Trung tfim LUu trfl Qutfc gia I, ehung tfii da
tim dupc mdt stf tfii li$u lidn quan dtfn c u ^
khfli nghia Bai Sfiy. Nhflng tfii li§u vtf CUQC
khfli nghia Bfii Sfiy n^m trong Htf sd stf
76311, 56419, 46811, 46821 thudc Phfing
Phu Thtfng sfl Bfic Ky vfi trong tflp 3, 405,
610, 706, 713, 772, 951, 990, 1034, 1244,
1301, 1462, 1568 ciia Phfing Nha Kinh lU(?e
sfl Bflc Ky. Nhflng ngudn tfii litfu nfiy dupc
vifi't bfing chfl Phap hofic chfl Hfin Nfim.
Chung tfii da phfit hi^n trong so dd cd
nhflng trang vitft ve dia bfin ho^t dtfng cija
Tan Thufit (thutfc Phfing Nha Kinh lUpe sfl
Btfc Ky). N^i dung nhving trang tU HQU dd
gidp chflng ta cd thtf dua ra ktft lufin ring
Nguyen Thi^n Thufit khfing chi "bfit lien h§
vfli phong trfio mitfn nui" mfi cdn ho^t dfing
khfi m^nh d vung Dfing Bfic (fl Dfing Tritfu
vfi Lyc Nam (3).
Dudi dfiy la 3 vfin ban da dUpc dich tfl
chfl Hfin Ndm:
1. Td 36, T^p 1668
Tgm dich: Tong doc Hai Yfin (4) trfl tai
qufin thfl Ctfm Gifing ho Nguyin phiic
trinh: ngfiy 15 (5) nh^n dflpc tfl tU vtf vi^c
tinh Lvc Nam di§n bfio ring phi muc ngflfli
Thanh ten LUu Ky eflng dang nguy Tan
vtf dta bim hoat dQng..
Thufit Uflc khoang hdn 2 nghin ten hi§n
dfi'n tru tai vflng rflng Hy Bfi, ng\iy Thong
Bui cung dem bfi dang dd'n hfii ciing dang
fi'y dl cUdp bdc, tu xin phfii ngufli xfic minh
vfi da trinh len quy cdng sfl xin Ifldng phfii
quan binh phong bi truy tilu. Thiim chflc
Ifip tflc tu cho quy Cdng sfl vfi mfit sfle cho
cfic huydn Ddng Tritfu, Chi Linh h^t fi'y
dflde ro. Sau dd theo ldi btfm eiaa huy^n
vifin huy^n Ddng Tritfu thi vifin fl'y da tufin
lenh phfii ngUfli di do thfim thfi'y nguy Lfinh
Giai, nguy Dtf Hflu, nguy Hai Ktf hi^p ddng
cflng bon phi Thanh tfin LUu Ky, ten Quan
Diep vfi bd dang 700 tfin tru tai vung rCfng
Linh Trudng, cdn bon tdn Quan Hfi'n, ten
Quan Sung Udc khoang hdn 80 tfin tru tai
iril Khfi Hdi, dang tfy deu dUdc trang bi
sung tay dfiy dii, Cdn bpn nguy Thufit,
nguy Thtfng Bfli khdng nghe thfi'y tung tich
gi. Theo ldi btfm cija huydn vien huyen Chi
Linh thi da do tham vung rflng Hy Bfi
nhUng khfing thfi'y tung tich bd dang cua
nguy Tan Thufit, nguy Thong Bfli. Duy tai
trai Yen Md ttfng Chi Ngai nghe thfi'y ed em
trai ciia nguy Tan Thufit lfi tfin Hai Ktf vfi
nguy De Vfin, tfin Dtf Giai, ten Lanh Vinh,
ten Dfic Vinh cflng bfi dang Udc khoang 250
ten, hifin da phai quan binh di tufin tieu
dang phi tfy da hdp cflng dang phi ngflfli
Thanh bon tfin dtf Ky, tdn Quan Nfim cung
bfi dang Udc khoang hdn 600 ten chay thoat
sang hat Ddng Trieu. Vfing xdt hat fl'y (Lue
Nam) vfi cac huytfn Dfing Trie'u, Chi Linh,
hat chung tfii (Hai Yfin) dia thtf titfp giap,
rtfng nfli nhitfu nga, dang phi fi'y dUa vfio
rflng nui lfim sfio huy^t ra vfio bfi't thuflng
nfin nhfi't thfli khfi cd the dep yen dUdc. Vfiy
xin phuc trinh len Kinh lUpc dai thfin thfim
xet vfi cac vien ThUdng tfi LUdng, Tham ta
DUdng nha Kinh lUdc Bfic ky dUdc ro.
Ngfiy 25-6, nfim Thfinh Thai thfl 3 (Tflc
ngfiy 30-7-1891 DUdng Hch).
2. Tcf 22, Tap 1244
Tgm dich: Quyfi'n Bo chanh sfl tinh Luc
Nam Dudng Lfim, quytfn fin sfit sfl Nguyin
Vfin Dat tflc trinh lfin Thai til Thitfu bao
ThUpng thu Bp Binh Khfim sai dai thfin
Kinh lUpc sfl Bfie Ky Dien Mfiu til rfing
hfim trUde theo tfl btfm ciia nha huy^n
Ddng Ngan thi dem ngfiy 22 thfing nfiy (6)
bpn phi Thanh Hfin Uflc khoang 200 ten tfl
ttfng Tfl Trang huy^n Ddng Tritfu tinh Hai
DUdng vfi huy^n Chl Linh ch^y dd'n thdn
Tridu xa Cung Bai hat tfy eUdp bde bfin chtft
1 ngufli dfin dng vfi 1 phu nfl bi thfldng, bfit
lfi'y 5 ngfldi cUdp mfit stf dd vfit chay thoat
vfio rflng. Thiem chflc da ban bac vdi quy
Cfing sfl vfi nghiem sfle bon Tfi'ng ly phai
thfim dan trang tuy cd truy na. Theo ldi
btfm cua vien Hieu phai Hoang Tai thi da
do thfim dUdc ten Tan Thufit cung Phd dtf
doe nguy Dinh Quang Ly (ngflfli Hfi Ndi),
ten Hifip Vinh (chfiu cua vien Phfi Thtfng
dtfc, ngufli huyen Thanh Lam), ten Dtf Vfin
(chau cila Tan Thufit, ngUfli xa Chi Ngai)
cung 2 tuflng ngUdi HUng Yfin (khdng bie't
ten) vfi dd dang ude khoang 250 ten dtfu
dUde trang hi siing tay. Trong dfi hifin den
tru tai xfi Yen Md, tfi'ng Chi Ngai, huyfin
Chi Linh khoang 100 tfin, edn 150 ten den
trfl tai thdn Lang Quan (huy$n Chi Lmh,
hai ndi nfiy tie'p giap vdi cae tong Dan Hdi,
Tram Did'n ban hat) mUu do mutfn qua
sdng nhflng khdng ro chiing cd trd manh
khod gi... Lai theo tham til bfio vtf cac xfl Xa
Ly, Ha Vtfn, fl thfldng du bdn phi Thanh lfi
LUu Khi Cdc Nhi cung vdi nguy Biiu Cfie fl
Yfin Thtf dfi'u dang mflu do qutfy nhieu.
Thiim chflc da lfin lUpt dem tinh hinh tfl
bfin, di?n bao cho tinh Ddng (Hai Dfldng)
hpi eung giai quyfi't vfi sfle cho quan cfie don
dupe bitft dl cflng phai quan binh tieu dpp.
Vide lien quan dtfn tinh hinh phi nfin ngofii
vi^e trinh rieng cho Bfi Binh thtfm xdt cdn
trinh lfin quan Thtfng sfl xem xdt dl dieu
nghltn giu Lich ailr. °
t H 5 t.
.0 •p •» Jt * -
•I '< •a'I*, r*. i t- *v
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tt
Trang Uu td 36, t$p 1568
ffi. a. f; )i s.
Trang dju td 41, t4p 1244
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Trang d&u td 22, tfp 1244
Trang cu6i td 41. tlip 1244
V& dia biin hoat d^ng...
lupng b i n h giiip eho vflng Lyc N a m may
man dUpc a n tofin, xin tuc t r i n h .
Ngfiy 25-8, nflm Thfinh Thfii thfl 2 (Tflc
ngfiy 8-10-1890 DUdng lieh).
3. Tcr41, Tfip 1244
Tgm dich: Quyfi'n htf Tfi'ng dtfc q u a n
phdng N i n h Thfii (7) s u n g T h a m t a n qufin
vu hp V u t u t r i n h ngfiy 23 t h a n g trfldc (8)
theo thfim bao t h i bpn n g u y Thufit suS't
dem dd d a n g h d n 500 t e n h p p cflng vdi tfin
H a n ngfim vtf xfi Gia P h u , h u y ^ n Gia B i n h
^n n a u qufi'y n h i l u . T i n h chiing tfii da Ifip
tflc bfin vdi quy Trfl sfl iiy phfii vifin q u a n 3
Cd mfit hdi c u n g vdi vifin fin sfit mfli cila
tinh q u a n d e m b m h d d n g dtfn cfic h a t
Thufin Thfinh, L u d n g Tfii, Gia B i n h (9) tieu
na. Ngfiy 27 t h a n g dd (10) nhfin dflpc t u
trinh cila q u a n a n s a t mdi r ^ n g t h e o thfim
bao t h i bpn n g u y D e Vipn d a n g ngfim trii
tai thdn Bfi'n Long, xfi L a n g Khe, 1 t o a n
khac d a n g d a n g t r u tai xfi Xufin Lfi, da Ifip
tflc cil vien q u a n 3 k h u y e n vfi vifin q u a n 1
khuyen t r u t a i phil Thufin T h a n h dem b i n h
dong dtfn vay qudt thfin Bfi'n Long, d a n g phi
ay da t a n tfic bo t r o n . Lue t r u y qudt ed t h u
dUdc 1 ludi k i e m bac, 1 ludi m a dao, bfit
dflde 3 t e n ky m u c dfiu m u c t h d n tfy. Lai
CHU
dtfn vfiy xa XuSn Le d a n g phi tfy eung da
t r o n thofit, bfit dUdc 4 t e n ky muc dfiu muc
xa tfy dtfu cho dUa dtfn ddn Thufin Thfinh
giam l^i dpi xem xdt. Ngfiy 29 (11) nhfin
dupe t u t r i n h d a bfin b a c ciS vifin q u a n 3
khuyfin dfit dem b i n h ddng di tufin t i l u eac
h a t Sifiu Loai, Gia Binh, LuOng Tfii. S a u dd
t h e o thfim bfio vfi q u a n ddn Ctfm Gifing ctfp
bfio t h i t e n n g u y Thufit c u n g dd d a n g vfi
t e n L a n h V i n h d a n g t u tfip tai xa Phii Lpc
t i n h Ddng, Ifip tflc d a cil q u a n 3 k h u y e n
dem cfic d a o b i n h ddng titfn dtfn t r u y na,
d a n g p h i tfy hifin d a t a n t a c bd trtfn,
nhflng bfit dUde 2 tfin da giao cho ddn Cfim
Gifing giai vtf g i a m lai s a u dd c h u y e n vtf
ddn LUdng Tfii. Da p h a i ngufli di do t h a m
thtfy d a n g p h i dd hifin da t a n tac itfn tron
d t i n h Dfing (Hai DUdng) vfi Lue N a m .
H d m q u a vifin a n s a t mdi ho N g u y i n da
eflng vifin q u a n 3 khuyfin dem binh ddng
v l t i n h b a n giao. Xin tfl t r i n h thtfm xet va
t u t r i n h lfin T h a i til thifi'u bao ThUdng thU
Bp B i n h K h a m sai dai thfin K i n h lUdc sfl
Bfie Ky D i e n M a u tii Hofing Cao K h a i
dupc bifi't.
Ngay 4-9, nfim T h a n h T h a i thfl 2 (Tflc
ngfiy 17-10-1890 Dfldng lich).
THICH
(1). Minh Thfinh, Vi cudc khdi nghla Bai Sdy.
Tap chiNgkiin cUu Lich ai, so 122 (1969). tr. 53.
(2). Vi^n Sfl hoc, Lich sd Viit Nam 1858-1896,
Nxb. Khoa hoc xa h^i, Hfi N$i, 2003, tr. 726.
(3). Lyc Nam lfi mgt tinh du^c thfinh Up thang
11-1889, nay thuoc Biic Giang.
(4), Gom Hai DUdng, Hai Phdng vfi tinh Quang
Ninh ngfiy nay.
(5). Tflc ngfiy 31-07-1890 DUdng lich
(6). TUc ngay 05-10-1890 DKdng lich.
(7). B^c Ninh vfi Thfii Nguyen.
(8). Tflc ngfiy 06-10-1890 DutJng ljch
(9). Cfic huy^n cua tinh Bfic Ninh.
(10). Tiic ngfiy 10-10-1890 DiTdng lich.
(11). Tiic ngfiy 12-10-1890 DUdng lich.