QUAN HE A]\ NENK - CHII^n TRI VIET NAM V d l
^'

LAO VA CAMPrCHIA GIAI DOAN 1991 BEM MAY
TRAN XUAN HlfiP*

he Viet Nam vdi Ldo vd
Quan
Campuchia tren linh vflc an ninh chinh tri dUdc hinh thdnh, cung cd' va phdt
trien tfl rd't sdm, trai qua cdc giai doan lich
sfl dflng nfldc vd gifl nfldc, ddc biet trong
thdi ky khdng chie'n chd'ng thflc dan Phdp
vd de qudc My xdm lUdc. Qua trinh hinh
thdnh, phat trien cua mdi quan he dd dUpc
bdt ngudn tfl nhflng nhan td' ve dia ly, lich
sii, van hda, xd bdi va dflpc tang cUdng bdi
chinh sach doi ngoai lang gilng truyin
thd'ng tdt dep gifla ba nfldc. Ben canh dd,
quan he an ninh - chinh tri gifla ba qud'c gia,
ddn tpc cdn chiu nhilu tac dpng cua boi canh
qudc te vd khu viic. TrUdc sii bien ddi nhanh
chdng cua tinh hinh the'gidi, xu the toan cdu
boa, khu viic hda ngay cdng phat trien, do
dd ca ba quoc gia deu xem an ninh - chinh
tri la linh viic dUdc Uu tien va la moi quan
tdm hang ddu trong quan he ba nUdc.
Budc vdo the ky XXI, the gidi dang vdn
dpng theo nhflng xu hfldng ma nhieu qud'c
gia, dac biet la nhflng nfldc di sau nhfl Viet
Nam, Ldo vd Campuchia kho cd the cUdng
lai nhu todn cdu hod, xd bdi thdng tin, each

mang khoa hpc cdng nghe, kinh te tri
thflc... Thach thflc cua toan cdu hod dien ra
ngay cdng manh me tren ca binh dien quo'c

te' ldn khu vflc, bao trum len mpi mat ddi
sd'ng chinh tri, kinh te', van hda, xa hdi cua
tflng qud'c gia, dan tdc. Tren thflc te', xu the
da cflc hod chinh tri vd todn cdu hod kinh
te' dang ngdy cdng phdt trien. Chu nghia ba
quyln vdn phdt huy tac dung, vi vdy hdp
tdc vd kilm che' ldn nhau da trd thdnh ndt
ddc trflng ldn nhd't trong quan he gifla cac
nfldc ldn. Dilu dd tac ddng rd't ldn de'n quan
he an ninh - chinh tri cua Viet Nam vdi Lao
vd Campuchia.
Ben canh xu hudng hod binh hdp tac,
tren linh viic an ninh - chinh tri tren the'
gidi vdn cdn tdn tai nhilu nguy cd tilm dn
cua chien tranh vd xung dot. Cac vd'n de
"ndng" tren the' gidi vdn dien ra hdng ngdy
nhu chie'n tranh khu viic, xung dot ton
gido, sdc tpc, tranh chd'p bien gidi... cung
vdi nhflng thdch thflc an ninh phi truyin
thd'ng ngdy mdt gia tang sflc dp len cac chu
the qud'c gia.
Chidn tranh lanh ke't thuc da triet tieu
nguy cd ddi ddu gifla Ddng - Tay va Ddng
Nam A dupc giai phong khdi ganh nang vd
moi de doa dd. Vd'n dd Campuchia Id mpt
vd'n d l phflc tap dd dfldc cpng ddng the gidi

vd Viet Nam, Campuchia cung phoi hdp
giai quye't thoa dang. Thang 10-1991, Hiep

•Th.S. Khoa KHXH&NV - Dai hoc Duy Tan, Di Ning


Quanh^ an ninh - chfnh hi.
dinh Paris ve Campuchia dUdc ky ke't, md
ra kha nang cdc nU6c Dong DUdng hpi nhdp
vdo ASEAN vd the gidi. Trong qud trinh
ddy sdi dpng cua Dong Nam A, ASEAN da
chuyen tfl ASEAN 5 thanh ASEAN 10, tfl
mdt td chflc.mang tinh phdng ngfla, cd luc
ddi ddu vdi ba nUdc Ddng DUdng da trd
thanh mdt cdng ddng hod hdp cung phat
trien. Tuy nhien, Ddng Nam A ndi chung
va ba nUdc Viet Nam, Lao va Campuchia
ndi rieng vdn ludn tdn tai nhflng mdm
mdng bd't dn. Do cd n h i l u ton giao va van
hod khdc nhau cung sd'ng xen ke, nen de cd
kha ndng xay ra nhflng cudc ndi ddy, xung
dot vdi quy md nhd d nhilu ndi. Sfl bdt dn
dinh ve xa hpi cung de cd kha nang lam xay
ra nhflng cudc dau tranh d nhiing khu vflc
kinh te chdm phat trien nhfl Mianma, Ldo,
Philippin, Campuchia... O nhieu ndi, dfldng
bien gidi chfla dfldc hoach dinh ro rang nen
cd kha ndng tdi phdt thanh cupc tranh
chd'p lanh thd gifla cac nfldc. Tinh trang
tranh chd'p d Bien Ddng, nan khung bd^ vd

cac thach thflc an ninh phi truyen thd'ng
ngdy cdng gia tang manh me. Ngoai ra,
viec cac nfldc ldn tranh gianh anh hfldng
tai khu vflc Ddng Nam A cung dat cac nfldc
trfldc nhflng thach thflc nghiem trpng. Ta't
ca nhiing va'n d l neu tren budc Viet Nam,
Lao vd Campuchia cdn cd nhiing chinh
sach ddi ngoai dung ddn, ddng thdi phai
tiep tuc cd nhflng lien ket chat che trong
quan he an ninh - chinh tri nhdm gifl vflng
dn dinh vd phat trien kinh te' - xa hpi cua
mdi nfldc.
1. Quan he an n i n h - chinh trj Viet
Nam vdi Lao
Sau khi gidnh dfldc ddc Idp, cung vdi xu
the' hod binh hdp tdc ngdy cdng rpng md
trong quan he qudc te, quan he Viet Nam
vdi Lao cung co nhflng cd hpi phat triln v l
moi mat. Noi bat trong quan he chinh tri.

53
ngoai giao la sfl nha't tri cao gifla hai Dang
tren td't ca cac vd'n d l cd ban cua each
mang hai nfldc, dfldc danh dd'u bdng nhflng
cudc trao ddi thfldng ky hang nam gifla hai
Bd chinh tri. Tfl nam 1990 trd lai day, cdc
nhd lanh dao cd'p cao cua Dang, Nhd nfldc
hai nfldc da cd n h i l u chuyen vieng tham
ldn nhau nhdm trao ddi kinh nghiem v l cdc
linh vflc quan ly nhd nUdc, xdy diing Dang,

xdy diing nen kinh te' thi trUdng theo dinh
hudng xa hdi chii nghia da tao ra hieu qua
thiet thiic. Trong chuyen tham Lao (81992), Tdng Bi thU Do Mudi da ra tuyen bd
khang dinh: "Hai nUdc cdn thiei phdi cung
cd chd't lupng vd hiiu qud cua viic hdp tdc
trong hiep udc hdu nghi, dodn ke't ddc biet
vd sii hdp tdc todn diin trong tinh hinh,
dieu kien cua hai nUdc vd trin nguyen tdc
gid nen dpc lap chu quyen, binh ddng vd
cdc ben deu co ldi nhU nhau..." (1). Tie'p ndi
truyen thd'ng quy bdu dd, trong nhflng nam
gdn day, cac chuyen vieng thdm ldn nhau
cua cac nha lanh dao bai Dang, hai Nhd
nfldc ngdy cdng dfldc tang cUdng. Ndm
2002, Chu tich nUdc Cdng hda Dan chu
Nhan dan Lao Khamtay Xinphandon da
tham hflu nghi chinh thflc nUdc ta. Phdt
bieu trong chuyen tham Viet Nam ldn nay,
Chu tich coi dd la minh chflng cho viec that
chat quan he Viet - Lao va nhd'n manh:
"Chung tdi khdng dinh se tii'p tuc hdp tdc
vdi Bdng, Nhd nUdc vd nhdn ddn Viet Nam
anh em, ldm hit sdc minh de gid gin vd
phdt trien moi quan hi hdu nghi dodn kei
ddc biit vd sii hdp tdc todn dien Viet Ldo..." (2). Viec lanh dao cd'p cao hai nfldc
thfldng xuyen tham vieng cung nhU cac
cudc gap thudng xuyen diin ra cua cdc cd
quan Idnh dao hai Dang cdng lam tang
cUdng sii hieu bidt, tin cdy ldn nhau, tao ra
sU nhd't tri v l cdc vd'n d l cd ban cua dUdng

ldi chie'n lUdc, sdch lUdc cua mdi nUdc ciing
nhu cdc vdn d l qudc te quan trpng, ddng


54
thdi nang cao hieu qua cua sii hdp tac hflu
nghi. Tdng Bi thfl Ndng Dflc Manh (102006), dd k h i n g dinh: "Trong quan hi qudc
ti', that hii'm cP mPi quan hi ndo thdm
thiei, ben vdng, thuy chung nhU quan he
Viet - Ldo... trd thdnh moi quan hi mdu
mUc trong sdng, la tdi sdn vP gid cua hai
Ddng, hai ddn tpc vd Id quy ludt phdt triin,
mpt nhdn to' dam bdo thdng ldi cua sU
nghiep xdy diing vd bdo vi TP qudc..." (3).
Thdng qua cac chuyen thdm nay da tang
cfldng sfl hieu bie't, tin cdy ldn nhau, thuc
diy hdp tdc hflu nghi khong ngflng phat
trien gifla Viet Nam vd Ldo. Dung nhfl ldi
phat bieu ciia Thu tUdng Chinh phu Ldo
Bua Xdn Bup Pha Vdn nhdn dip ky niem
45 nam thiet Idp quan he ngoai giao gifla
haj nUdc (1962-2007): "Ddng, Nhd nUdc vd
nhdn ddn Ldo vo cung tU hao nhdn thdy
hai nUdc chung ta dd hdp tdc vd phoi hdp
chat che trong linh vUc chinh tri. Hai Ddng,
hai Nhd nUdc thUdng xuyen trao ddi, gap gd
nen da hieu biii vd tin cay nhau sdu sdc.
Do Id dieu kien thudn ldi de tdng cUdng
quan he hdp tdc todn dien, dac biit Id ve an
ninh, qudc phong, ngoai giao, kinh te, vdn

hod, khoa hgc - ky thuat dat hiiu qud thiet
thUc hdn" (4).
Ngodi kenh ngoai giao chinh thflc gifla
hai Dang, hai Nhd nUdc, quan he ngoai
giao Viet Nam - Lao cdn cd sU ddng gdp
quan trpng cua kenh ngoai giap nhan ddn.
Dd la sU hdp tac gifla cdc ngdnh, cac cdp,
cdc tinh ke't nghia, cac dia phfldng dpc theo
bien gidi, cac cd quan dodn the qudn chung
cua nhan dan hai nfldc.
De dam bao hod binh, hflu nghi va dn
dinh ldu ddi, gdp phdn dfla quan he an
ninh - chinh tri Viet Nam vdi Lao len bfldc
phdt trien mdi thi viec giai quyet vd'n d l
hoach dinh vd cdm mdc bien gidi quoc gia
Id mdt trong nhflng nhiem vu quan trpng.

Rghien curu Lich sJr. sd 6.2010
Tfl nhflng nam 90 the ky XX, de tao dilu
kien thudn ldi hdn trong viec dam bao an
ninh - chinh tri mdi nUdc cung nhU khu viic
trUdc tdc ddng mdi cua boi canh qud'c te vd
hodn thien cac quy dinh v l quan ly bien
gidi, hai ben da ky ke't Hiep dinh v l quy
che bien gidi Viet Nam - Lao ngdy 1-3-1990
vd Nghi dinh thU bd sung Hipp dinh v l quy
che' bien gidi Viet Nam - Lao ngay 31-81991. Tfl nam 1991-1997 hai ben da thflc
hien 7 cudc hpp thfldng nien gifla hai dodn
dai bieu bien gidi Viet - Ldo nhdm ddnh
gid, kiem diem cong tdc phdi hpp gifla hai

ben trong qua trinh thflc hien Hiep dinh.
Tai cudc hpp thudng nien ldn thfl VII td
chflc tai Hue (27-31/8/1997), hai ben da ky
Nghi dinh thfl sfla ddi vd bd sung Hiep
dinh v l quy che bien gidi qud'c gia Viet
Nam - Lao ngdy 1-3-1990. Tai Dilu 2 cua
Nghi dinh da ghi ro: "Hai ben ky ke't co bien
phdp kien quyei ngdn chdn mgi hdnh dpng
khPng cho phep ben ndo tuy tiin xdy dUng
them bdt cd cong trinh gi trong phg.m vi
100 (mpt trdm) met cdch dUdng bien gidi ve
moi bin. Ne'u bin ndo co nhu cdu xdy dUng
trong pham vi noi tren, phdi thdng bdo vd
trao doi trUdc vdi phia ben kia tren cd sd ton
trgng chu quyen, ldi ich cua nhau, phu hdp
vdi cdc diiu kien vd hodn cdnh thiic te'' (5).
Ddng chu y, tfl nam 1995 den 2003 hai ben
da phdi hdp xdy dflng ban dd ky thuat sd'
hien dai v l dfldng bien gidi qud'c gia Viet Lao ty le 1/50.000 phuc vu cho cdng tac
quan ly bien gidi. Day Id mdt viec lam cd y
nghia an ninh - chinh tri het sflc to ldn, gdp
phdn Cling cd' mdi quan he hflu nghi ddc
biet Viet - Ldo. Tfl 8 cfla k h I u chinh theo
Hiep dinh quy che' bien gidi ky nam 1990,
de'n nam 2007 hai ben da phdi hdp md ndng
cd'p dfldc 6 cfla k h I u qud'c te, 5 cfla khdu
chinh vd 14 ciia khdu phu, dap flng nhu
cdu giao Iflu qua lai bien gidi gifla hai nfldc
vd phuc vu tich cUc cho cdng cupc phat



Quan M an ninh - chfnh tn...

55

6-2002, Chu nhiem tdng cue chinh tri quan
dpi Ldo tham Viet Nam. Ddng thdi hai
chinh phu, hai bp quoc phdng, an ninh da
ky ke't nhilu Hiep dinh, Nghi dinh thU
trong dd cd npi dung v l an ninh qud'c
phdng. Tfl 1991 den 2001, hang nam Lao
gid sang Viet Nam bdi dUdng vd dao tao
khoang 120-150 can bd cac ngdnh, cdc cd'p.
Hien dang cd cdc nghien cflu sinh, hpc vien
cao hpc quan sii, chinh tri, hdu cdn Ldo
dang hpc tap tai Viet Nam. Hien nay, Viet
Nam giup Ldo ddo tao cdn bp cdc nganh
(khoang 600 ngUdi/ndm) chie'm khoang 60%
tdng sd' vien trd khdng hodn lai cua Viet
Nam cho Lao. Trong hdp tac chd'ng budn
ldu vd cdng tdc hai quan, tfl 1996 de'n 1997,
cac ddn vi bien phdng hai ben dd phdt hien
42 vu bat gifl 62 ddi tUdng, thu 9,05 kg
V l hdp tdc ddi phd vdi nhflng thdch thflc thud'c phien; 1,4 kg herdin, 135 k h I u sung
an ninh phi truyin thd'ng gifla hai nfldc qudn dung va 1437 vien dan cdc loai. Tai
Viet - Lao vdn ludn la vd'n d l quan trpng vd Hdi nghi lan thfl V v l hdp tdc phdng chd'ng
CO y nghia chien Ifldc, ddc biet la trong thdi ma tuy gifla Lao - Viet Nam - Campuchia
ky ddi mdi va xay dflng chu nghia xa hdi ngdy 23-8-2005 d Vieng Chan, Bd trfldng
cua ca hai nUdc. Linh vflc hdp tdc ndy da Xu Ban Xa Rit Thi Lat vd ThUdng tfldng Le
dap flng yeu cdu gifl vflng dn dinh chinh tri The' Tiem da ky bien ban hpi nghi song

vd an ninh qud'c gia, tao dilu kien thudn ldi phUdng lan thfl 6 v l kiem sodt ma tuy, chd't
de phdt trien kinh te, gdp phdn gifl vflng hfldng thdn vd tien chdt ma tuy gifla Uy
hod binh, dn dinh, hdp tdc vd phdt trien ban Qud'c gia kiem soat va quan ly ma tuy
cua mdi nfldc va cua ca khu vflc. Trong giai Ldo va Uy ban Qud'c gia phdng chd'ng AIDS
doan 1991 - 2007, Viet Nam vd Ldo da phdi vd phdng chd'ng te nan ma tuy, mai dam
hdp cd hieu qua trong viec ban che vd triet Viet Nam.
tieu nhflng thach thflc an ninh phi truyin
thd'ng ngay cdng gia tang nhfl chd'ng budn
Ben canh dd, Viet Nam vd Ldo cdn phdi
lau, ma tuy, budn ngfldi, tdi pham xuyen hdp nhip nhdng trong viec giai quye't cac
qudc gia, chd'ng mpi am mUu "diin bien boa vd'n d l ldi ich hai nUdc trong quan he vdi
binh" cua cac the' lUc phan ddng... Hai ben khu viic va quoc td, nhd't la trong viec dUa
thudng xuyen td chflc cac cudc gap gd trao ra nhilu ke hoach bien phap td chflc hdi
ddi kinh nghiem nhdm dd ra chu trUdng nghi, hdi thao bdn v l Hanh lanh Ddng dudng ldl va dinh hUdng hpp tac. Chang Tdy, Tam giac phat trien, phoi hdp trong
ban, thdng 2-2001 Bd trUdng qud'c phdng Tieu vung song Me Kong... md ra giai doan
vd thang 5-2001, Bp trUdng cdng an Viet mdi hfldng tdi xay diing cdng ddng ASEAN
Nam tham Ldo. Thdng 6-2001, Bd trUdng vao nam 2015. Sii phdi hdp cua nganh ddi
qud'c phdng Ldo Duong Chay Chi, va thang ngoai hai nUdc da tao ra cd hpi ldn de mdi
trien kinh te - xa hdi, cung cd' toan dien
quan he an ninh - chinh tri gifla hai nUdc
cung nhu cac dia phUdng dpc hai ben bien
gidi. Ddnh gia nhflng thdnh tiiu dat dfldc
trong qua trinh phan gidi vd cdm mdc
dfldng bien gidi Viet Nam - Ldo, dodn dai
bidu chinh phu hai nUdc da neu ro: "Hai
ben rdt vui miing nhdn thdy rdng, trong
qud trinh phdn vg.ch cu thedudng biin gidi
tren thUc dia, nhving trUdng hdp kho khdn
do lich sd delai, do dia hinh riing nui hiem
trd gdy ra, deu dUdc gidi quyit tdt trin cd sd

hodn todn nhdt tri, ton trgng ldn nhau, vda
ddm bdo nguyin tdc, vda dam bdo hdu
nghi, dam dd tinh nghia anh em, vi ldi ich
cua mdi quan hi dac hiit Viet Nam - Ldo"
(6).


56

nUdc cd the tham gia ngay cdng sau rdng
hdn vdo quan he qud'c td, tao ra ddng liic de
Viet Nam vdi Ldo cung nhau tham gia tich
cUc vd chu ddng hdn nfla tai cdc dien ddn
qud'c te vd khu vflc; gdp phdn ndng cao vi
the, vai trd vd uy tin cua mdi nfldc tren the
gidi, gdp phdn vdo sfl nghiep hod binh, hflu
nghi vd phdt trien dang la xu the chung
cua thdi dai ngay nay.
2. Q u a n h e a n n i n h - c h i n h t r i Viet
N a m vdi C a m p u c h i a
Trong qud trinh phdt trien, ddc biet
trong giai doan tfl 1991 de'n 2007, mdi quan
he an ninh - chinh tri gifla hai nfldc cang
dfldc md rdng vd that chat. Hai ben da thflc
hien nhilu chuyen tham vieng lan nhau.
Dac biet, chuyen tham cua Td'ng Bi thfl
Dang Cdng san Viet Nam Le Kha Phieu
vao thang 6-1999 la mdc son md ra mdt giai
doan mdi trong quan he gifla hai nfldc vdi
phUdng chdm 16 chfl vdng "Hdp tdc Idng

gieng tdt dep, dodn ket hdu nghi truyen
thdng, Pn dinh ldu ddi" ldm dinh hudng cho
quan he hai nUde trong the ky XXI. Viet
Nam dd tang cUdng quan he td't dep vdi cdc
dang phai, to chflc chinh tri, xa hpi cua
Campuchia nhdm the hien ro thien chi cua
Viet Nam, gop phdn diy liii cac the liic thu
dich chd'ng Viet Nam. Trong nhflng nam
qua, cdc cupc gap g6, trao ddi cd'p cao dfldc
tang cudng; cdc dodn di tham, trao ddi lam
viec d cac bp, nganh, doan the qudn chung
va cac dia phUdng hai nUdc, nhd't Id cac
tinh cd chung bien gidi ngdy cang tang, gop
phan tang cUdng mdi quan he ngdy cdng
sdu sdc, chan thdnh vd gdn bd gifla Viet
Nam va Campuchia. Dfla tren nIn tang
quan he hflu nghi td^t dep sdn cd, Chinh
phu hai nUdc dd vd dang nd liic tao mpi
dieu kien thuan ldi de cung nhau bao ve va
xay diing dd't nUdc, vi sii thinh vUdng
chung cua mdi nUdc va cua ca khu vUc

Rghien curu Lich siSr. sd 6.2010
Ddng Nam A. Phd Thu tudng kiem Bd
trudng ngoai giao Pham Gia Khiem da
nhd'n manh: "...Chung ta khdng dinh quyei
tdm khdng ngUng tdng cUdng vd phdt trien
manh me hdn nda quan hi hdu nghi truyen
thdng vd hdp tdc todn diin Viet Nam Campuchia, ddp dng nguyin vgng vd ldi
ich cua nhdn ddn hai nUdc, gop phdn tich

cUc vdo hod binh dn dinh, hdp tdc vd phdt
trien dkhu vUc vd trin thi'gidi" (7).
V l vd'n d l bien gidi lanh thd: Id hai qud'c
gia lang gilng cd lich s^ quan he tfl ldu ddi,
Viet Nam vd Campuchia cd chung dfldng
bien gidi tren dd't lien ddi 1.137 km. Do dd,
vd'n d l bien gidi ludn dfldc hai ben quan
tdm vd tao mpi dilu kien de giai quye't dn
thoa. Trong thdi gian qua, Viet Nam va
Campuchia da tflng bfldc dat vdn d l cai
thien mdi quan he v l bien gidi lanh thd.
Ngay 17-1-1995, hai ben da ky thdng cao
bao chi Viet Nam - Campuchia, tai Dilu 8
cd ghi r5: "Hai ben thod thudn trong khi chd
ddi gidi quyei nhdng van de cdn ton tg,i vi
bien gidi thi duy tri sU qudn ly hien nay...
khong thay doi, xe dich cdc cpt mdc bien
gidi, gido due khdng cte nhdn ddn xdm
canh, xdm cU vd hdp tdc gid gin trdt tU an
ninh biin gidi" (8). Tren da phdt trien mdi
quan he hai nUdc, ngay 10-10-2005 tai Ha
Ndi, Thu tudng Phan Van Khai vd Thu
tudng Hun Xen thay mat chinh phu hai
nudc da ky Hipp Udc bd sung Hiep Udc
hoach dinh bien gidi qud'c gia ndm 1985
nhdm di tdi hodn thien vdn ban phdp quy
v l bien gidi. Viec Hiep Udc bd sung di vdo
thiic t i i n da tao dieu kien khdi dpng lai qua
trinh phan gidi cdm mdc bi gian doan gdn
20 nam qua, gdp phdn tang cUdng quan he

an ninh - chinh tri Viet Nam vdi Campchia.
Nhflng nd liic cua hai ben da budc ddu dUa
den nhflng ket qua td't dep, ngay 27-9-2006,
cot md^c 171 ddu tien dupc cdm tai cua khIu


9uan hg an ninh - chfnh tri...
Mdc Bai - Ba Vet. Phat bieu tai budi le
khanh thanh, Thu tUdng Nguyen Ta'n
Dung nha'n manh: "Viec khdnh thdnh cpt
moc cda khdu quo'c ti'Mpc Bdi - Bd Vet sau
chUa ddy mpt ndm ke td khi Viet Nam vd
Campuchia ky hiep Udc bd sung Hiep Udc
hoach dinh biin gidi ndm 1985 the hien nd
lUc cua hai ben trong viic cu thi hod Hiep
udc bo sung" (9). Binh luan sfl kien ndy, ddi
truyin hinh Apsara ciia Campuchia cung
da nhd'n manh: "...Viec cdm mdc bien gidi la
mpt minh chdng hung hon cho thdnh qud
hdp tdc to ldn gida hai chinh phu Viet Nam
vd Campuchia trong viic gidi quyei vdn di
biin gidi chung vd dUdc dU ludn trong vd
ngodi nUdc ddnh gid cao" (10). Ddy la sfl
kien dac biet quan trpng md ra thdi ky hdp
tdc va phat trien nhanh chdng trong viec
giai quyet ro rdng bien gidi gifla hai nfldc,
tao dilu kien phap ly tren thflc tiin cho
hdp tac, dn dinh, hod binh vd phdt trien
khu viic. Hai ben quye't tdm hoan thdnh
viec cdm 100 cdt mdc trong nam 2007.

Rieng v l bien gidi bien, hai ben da thd'ng
nha't tie'n hanh dam phan giai quye't nhflng
quan diem hai ben chfla tim dUdc tieng ndi
chung. Dilu nay gay ra nhilu khd khan,
thdch thflc vdi hai nfldc khi thiic hien quan
ly bien gidi tren bien, cung nhU trong cdng
tdc phdng chd'ng tdi pham budn ldu, budn
ban ma tuy, nan vUdt bien trai phdp, danh
bat thuy hai san...
V l vd'n d l ngUdi Viet Nam tai
Campuchia: NgUdi Viet Nam sang dinh cU
tai Campuchia tfl rat lau ddi vd hp dd trd
thdnh nhflng cdng dan Campuchia thflc sfl,
ddng gdp vdo qua trinh xdy dflng vd phdt
trien ciia dd't nfldc Chua Thdp. Tuy nhien,
tinh hinh chinh tri tai Campuchia lai cd
anh hudng rd't ldn den ddi sd'ng cua Viet
kilu cung nhu tac dpng khdng nhd den mdi
quan he an ninh - chinh tri gifla hai nUdc.

57
Trong tinh hinh ddi mdi dd't nUdc nhflng
nam gdn day, trong bdi canh mdi quan he
hai nfldc dang dien ra mdt cdch td't dep.
Dac biet Id sau cac chuyen di tham ldn
nhau cua lanh dao cao ca'p hai Nhd nfldc,
hai Chinh phii Viet Nam va Campuchia,
cudc sd'ng cua cdng ddng ngfldi Viet da cd
nhflng thay ddi, ngdy cang td't dep hdn.
Ngdy 24-3-2003, Bd ndi vu Campuchia da

cho phdp thanh Idp 19/24 chi hdi Viet kilu
trong ca nUdc, tao dieu kien phdp ly thudn
ldi de Viet kieu hoat ddng hdp phap vd sinh
sd'ng. Tao khdng gian cdi md cho mdi quan
he hai nUdc khi tie'p tuc di sau giai quye't
vdn d l ndy. Vdi t r u y i n thd'ng dodn ke't va
sii tin tudng ldn nhau, qua trinh di len
trong mdi quan he hai nUde se gdp phdn to
ldn giai quye't td't dep vd'n d l Viet kilu tai
dd't nUdc Campuchia, dUa quan he an ninh
- chinh tri hai nUdc tien them mdt bUdc dai.
Nhu ldi phdt bieu cua Phd Chu nhiem Uy
ban ve ngUdi Viet Nam d nUdc ngoai Trdn
Quang Hoan da ndi: "Diiu quan trgng nhdt
la bdn thdn cpng dPng cua chung ta d
Campuchia tdng cUdng tinh thdn tU lap
vUdn lin, gdn bo hP trd ldn nhau, thiic sU
hod nhap vdi cU ddn vd tPn trgng ludt phdp
nUdc sd tgi vd ddc biit ludn hUdng vi que
hUdng" (11).
Trong vd'n d l hdp tdc ddi phd vdi nhiing
thach thflc an ninh phi truyen thdiig gifla
hai nfldc cung dat dflpc nhilu thdnh tflu
dang ke. Viet Nam vd Campuchia da cd
nhflng hpp tac chat che nhdm ddi phd vdi
nhflng thdch thflc an ninh phi truyen
thd'ng ngay cdng ndi trdi. Hai ben tiep tuc
tdng cfldng hdp tdc trong cac linh vflc trao
ddi thdng tin, kinh nghiem, dao tao phdi
hpp bao ve bien gidi, ngan chan sU xdm

nhdp vd phd hoai cua cdc the liic thu dich,
chd'ng am mUu dien bien hod binh, phdng
chong toi pham, chd'ng khung bd^... Ngdy


58
14-3-1997, Hipp diiih gifla Bd ndi vu VUdng
qud'c Campuchia va Bd ndi vu nUdc Cdng
hda Xa hdi Chu nghia Viet Nam v l hdp tac
phdng chd'ng tdi pham da dupc ky ket. Day
la sU kien md ddu trong quan hd an ninh
gifla hai nfldc. Sau n h i l u bien phdp tich
cflc cila ca hai ben trong giai quyet vdn d l
thach thflc an ninh phi t r u y i n thd'ng, ngdy
10-10-2005, Chinh phu hai nfldc dd ky Hipp
dinh hdp tac song phfldng nhdm loai trfl tdi
pham budn ban phu nfl, tre em vd giup dd
nan nhan bi budn bdn. Sau 3 nam thflc
hien Hiep dinh song phfldng Viet Nam Campuchia, hai ben da phat hien 95 vu vdi
hdn 300 ddi tfldng cd hanh vi Ifla ban 331
phu nfl, tre em qua 10 tinh bien gidi phia
Nam. Qua hdp tac dilu tra, cdc cd quan
chflc nang Viet Nam - Campuchia kham
pha 75 vu, bat 240 ddi tfldng, giai cflu 38
nan nhan, tie'p nhan, hd trd tai boa nhap
cdng ddng 215 phu nfl, tre em hi budn ban
trd v l Viet Nam (12). Mdt khdc, Viet Nam
va Campuchia luon cd cdc cudc tie'p xuc,
thdng bao tinh hinh tdi pham ma tuy cua
mdi nfldc, trao ddi kinh nghiem v l kiem

soat ma tuy, nhd't la cdng tdc cai nghien,
thd'ng nhd't tang cfldng hdn nfla viec phdi
hdp phdng, chd'ng ma tuy gifla hai nfldc.
Ddng thdi, hai ben cdn tang cfldng kha
nang hdp tac dao tao, budn luyen cho cac
Iflc Ifldng phdng chdiig ma tuy ciia hai
nfldc. Viet Nam cung vdi Campuchia phdi
hdp Lao da td chflc cdc hdi nghi v l hdp tac
phdng chd'ng ma tuy gifla ba nfldc. Tai hdi
nghi ldn thfl V td chflc d Vieng Chdn
(2005), ba nfldc da ra thdng cao chung,
trong dd nhd'n manh cdn tang cfldng hdn
nfla boat ddng hdp tdc phdng chd'ng ma tuy
tfl cd'p trung Udng den cd'p tinh vd huyen cd
chung dudng bien gidi. Hpi nghi khang
dinh lai cac cam ket chinh tri manh me va
r5 rang cua ba chinh phu v l viec giai quyet
vd'n de ma tuy cung nhU nhflng nd liic ldn

Rghien curu Lich sJr. sd 6.2010
lao va sfl ddng gdp tich cflc da dat dfldc
trong boat ddng kiem soat cha't kich thich
Amphetamin (ATS) thdng qua cac cd che
hdp tac song phfldng, tieu vung, khu vflc vd
qudc td phdng chd'ng ma tuy (13). Viet Nam
vd Campuchia cdn cd nhflng phdi hdp quan
trpng de tao dilu kien cho nhau phdt trien,
dac biet hai ben da thd'ng nhd't trong viec
ddy manh tuyen truyin vd ngan chan
nhflng am mflu pha hoai sfl nghiep xdy

dflng ddt nfldc cua mdi ben, ddp tan mpi
hdnh ddng tinh todn ngdy cdng thdm hiem
cua cdc the Iflc thu dich trong vd ngoai
nfldc.
3. Tac dpng cua quan he an ninh •
chinh tri Viet N a m vdi Lao va
Campuchia dd'i vdi ba nifdc v a khu vflc
Nhflng thanh tUu v l an ninh - chinh tri
cua rieng mdi nUdc, ciing nhU nhflng thdnh
tUu cd dupc het sflc ldn lao cua sfl hdp tac
an ninh - chinh tri md ba nfldc da tao ra
trong thdi gian qua da cung cd' them tinh
doan ket t r u y i n thdng cua ba dan tdc; ddng
thdi gdp phdn danh bai mpi am mflu pha
hoai sU nghiep xay diing da't nUdc ciia cac
the Iflc thu dich trong vd ngodi nfldc, nang
cao uy tin va vi the ciia mdi qud'c gia tren
trfldng qud'c te'. Sii phdi hdp nhip nhdng
quan he an ninh - chinh tri tao dilu kien
het sflc thudn ldi cho qua trinh giao Iflu
hdp tac kinh te dfldc thdng sud't; an ninh
bien gidi dflpc cd ban gifl vflng, cac cudc
vieng tham ldn nhau da lam cho nhan ddn
ba nfldc hieu nhau hdn. Tren n I n tang dd,
cdc vd'n dd do lich sfl de lai gifla ba nUdc
cung ddn ddn dUdc thao gd; nha't Id vd'n d l
ve bien gidi, vd'n de Viet kilu tai
Campuchia va Khdme Nam Bp gifla Viet
Nam va Campuchia dfldc hai ben tflng bfldc
giai quydt vd dat dfldc nhflng thdnh tflu

dang kd. Ddng thdi, sfl hdp tac va ung hd
ldn nhau ve mdt an ninh - chinh tri trong


Quan M an ninh - chfnh hi...
thdi gian ndy gop phdn to ldn vao cdng cudc
bao ve, xay diing vd ddi mdi cua mdi nUdc,
cung nhu cung cd' nen hda binh vd phat
trien cua khu viic Dong Nam A. Hdp tdc an
ninh- chinh tri trong giai doan nay gifla
gifla Viet Nam vdi ldo vd Campuchia cd
nhflng ndt mdi do sU thay ddi ciia tinh hinh
khu viic va the gidi. Hdp tdc an ninh chinh tri ba nUdc tap trung vao viec dn
dinh xd hdi, ddy liii nhflng nguy cd xam hai
den ndn an ninh qud'c gia, hdp tac an ninh chinh tri gdn liln vdi hdp tac kinh te, van
hda, xa hpi, an ninh - chinh tri gdn lien vdi
phdt trien dd't nfldc va con ngfldi... Thanh
tUu hdp tdc an ninh - chinh tri gifla ba nfldc
ngdy cdng md rdng va di vdo chieu sdu;
nhflng chuyen tham vieng trao ddi ldn
nhau da that chat hdn nfla quan he nhdn
dan ba nUdc, tao khdng khi cdi md de ba
nUdc di de'n giai quye't triet de nhiing vd'n
d l cdn vUdng mdc trong quan he. Mat khac,
cdn nhdm ddi phd hieu qua vdi nhflng
thach thflc an ninh phi t r u y i n thd'ng ngay
cang gia tang tren dien rpng...

59
nghiep phdt trien cua bdt cd quo'c gia ndo

tren the gidi" (14). Ngdy 26-11-2006, cudc
hpp ldn hai gifla Thu tfldng ba nfldc tai
Viet Nam da tdp trung vdo viec thda thudn
phUdng hudng, bien phap cu the trong viec
trien khai chUdng trinh "Tam giac phdt
trien Viet Nam - Lao - Campuchia" tren cd
sd ke't hdp nhflng tilm ndng Id ldi the' s i n
cd cua mdi nfldc nhdm dUa 7 tinh thudc
khu viic bien gidi ba nUdc, vd'n ngheo nan,
chdm phat trien, dan tri th^p va cd tinh
hinh an ninh vd cung phflc tap thanh mdt
khu vflc phdt trien b i n vflng. Trong Tuyen
bd' chung dUa ra tai cudc hpp cao cdp Thu
tudng ba nUdc (4-5/12/2006), da mdt ldn
nfla k h i n g dinh: "Viic xdy dUng thdnh cPng
Tam gidc phdt trien khong chi la bdng
chdng thiet thiic minh chdng cho no lUc cua
ba nUdc Campuchia, Ldo vd Viet Nam
trong viic vun ddp, tdng cUdng quan he hdp
tdc, hdu nghi vd dodn ke't truyin tho'ng
gida ba nUdc, md cdn dong gop tich cUc
cung cd hda binh, dn dinh, hpi nhdp vd
phdt trien trong Tieu viing Me KPng vd khu
vUc" (15). Cho den nay, Tam giac phdt trien
da thflc sfl di vdo cdc boat ddng thflc tiin.
Vdi viec hinh thanh tam gidc phdt trien, ba
nfldc Viet Nam, Ldo vd Campuchia mpt
mat tang cfldng hdp tac vdi nhau, mat khdc
tang cfldng hdp tdc vdi cac nfldc trong khu
vflc. Bieu hien cua nd la viec phdt trien

thanh tfl giac phat trien Viet Nam - Ldo Campuchia - Myanma (CLMV); hdp tac
kinh te' ba ddng sdng Ayeyawady Chaophraya - Me Kdng (ACMECS); hpp tac
kinh te' tieu vung sdng Me Kdng (GMS)...
Tren cd sd dd, qud trinh hdp tac vd lien kdt
khu viic khdng ngflng dfldc d i y manh.

Trong giai doan hien nay, Viet Nam vdi
Lao vd Campuchia d i u nhd'n manh den hai
nhiem vu xay dflng va bao ve td qud'c, vi the
phat trien kinh td cdng phai gdn vdi ndng
cao hieu qua cua hdp tac an ninh - chinh
tri, dd Id dieu k h i n g dinh dflt khodt trong
mdi quan he toan dien gifla ba nfldc. Vdo
thang 10-1999, Thu tfldng Viet Nam - Lao Campuchia da gdp nhau ldn ddu tien tai
Vieng Chan de cung dfla ra y tudng chung
la hinh thanh mdt 'Tam giac phat trien"
gifla ba nUdc. "Tam gidc phat trien" chinh
la mdt budc phat trien mdi trong quan he
hdp tac toan dien gifla ba nfldc; "la mpt
chUdng trinh hdp tdc vi an ninh, qudc
Ngdy nay, hdp tdc an ninh - chinh tri
phong CO y nghia rdt ldn vdi sU phdt trien gifla Viet Nam vdi Lao vd Campuchia dang
cua ba nUdc vi sU on dinh ve an ninh, quo'c gdp phdn cung vdi ASEAN tie'n tdi sii phat
phong la ddi hoi cdp thiet nhd't doi vdi sii trien hai hda va ben vflng gifla kinh td, mdi


60

Rghien curu Lich sJr. sd 6.2010


trfldng va xa hdi dfla tren tflng ddc trflng
mdi nfldc. Sfl t h i n g ldi trong quan he an
ninh - chinh tri gifla ba dan tdc ndi chung,
cung nhfl sfl t h i n g ldi trong quan he an
ninh - chinh tri cua cac thanh vien ASEAN
ndi rieng vdi nhau da tao nen n I n tang sflc
manh an ninh toan dien, tflng bfldc dfla
Ddng Nam A trd thdnh "mdi nhd chung"
vdi ddy du y nghia cua nd.
Cd the ndi, hdn 15 ndm qua, quan he
Viet Nam vdi Lao va Campuchia tren linh
vflc an ninh - chinh tri dd dat dfldc n h i l u
thanh tflu quan trpng, gdp phdn vdo dn
dinh vd phat trien cua moi qud'c gia, dan
tdc, khu vflc, cung cd' vd tang cfldng hdn
nfla mdi quan he todn dien gifla ba nfldc.
Tuy nhien, ben canh nhflng thanh tUu dat
dupc, quan he an ninh - chinh tri gifla Viet

CHU

Nam vdi Ldo vd Campuchia phai ddi mdt
vdi nhilu kho khan, thach thflc, nhd't Id
nhflng vdn d l do lich sii de lai gifla ba
nfldc, nhflng thach thflc an ninh phi truyin
thd'ng ngdy cang gia tang manh me. De tao
dilu kien thuan ldi giai quyet nhiing va'n
d l neu tren, Viet Nam vdi Ldo va
Campuchia cdn phoi hdp thflc hien cdc bien
phap hflu hieu, trong do chu trpng vdo viec

giao Iflu, trao ddi gifla nhdn dan ba nfldc,
tdng cfldng hdp tac trong cac td chflc khu
vflc va qud'c te. Cac ben da thflc hien
nghiem chinh nguyen t i c binh ding, hflu
nghi trong quan he ba nfldc; tdn trpng dpc
Idp, chu quyln va toan ven lanh thd, khdng
can thiep vdo cdng viec ndi bp cua nhau,
phdn dd'u vi sfl phdn vinh cua mdi nUdc,
khu vUc vd the' gidi.

THICH

(1). Khamsene Phammaseng (2002), "Quan hp
Lao - Vipt Nam ve mat chfnh tri ngoai giao",
TTKHXHNV Qudc gia, Tp. Vinh, tr. 6.
(2). Bao Nhdn ddn, ngky 15-5-2002.
(3). BkoNhdn ddn, ngky 12-10-2006.
(4). Phat bieu cila Thii tfldng Chfnh phil Lao
Bua Xdn Bup Pha Van (2007), Dac san cua Bdo the
gidi vd Viet Nam, tr. 12.
(5). Gidi thipu cac van ban phap ly lien quan
de'n bien gidi va lanh thd', Tap chf Bien gidi vd
Lanh thd, so'4/1999, tr. 50.
(6). Dang Qudc Tuin, "Hpp tac Vipt Nam - Lao
trong vipc giai quye't van de bien gidi, lanh thd'*', Vipn
Nghien cflu Ddng Nam A, Ha Npi, 2007, tr, 4-5.
(7). Pham Gia Khiem (2007), "Trien vpng td't
dpp cua quan hp hflu nghi truyen thd'ng va hpp tac
toan dipn Vipt Nam - Campuchia", Dac san cila
Bdo The gidi vd Viet Nam.

(8). Tap chf Bien gidi va Lanh thd', sd' 7/2003, tr. 9.
(9). />47504/ "Khanh thanh cpt moc quo'c te Mdc Bai

- Ba Vet".

(10). />"Cim
moc bien gidi Vipt Nam - Campuchia la sfl
kien lich sil".
(11). "Ngfldi Vipt Nam trong long lang
gieng" (2007), Ky nipm 40 nam thiet lap quan
hp ngopi giao Vipt Nam - Campuchia, D^c san
cila Bdo The gidi vd Viet Nam, tr. 43.
(12). 247.com/Vietnam
Campuchia-hop-tac-chong-buon-nguoi621348865.html "Vipt Nam- Campuchia hpp
tac chong budn ngudi".
(13). />4143/nr04087105001/ns05082414494/view
"Vipt Nam - Lao - Campuchia that chat hpp tac
chd'ng ma tuy".
(14). Nguyin Kim Lan, "Hpp tac quoc phdng
- mpt linh vflc cd y nghia quan trpng trong
quan hp hpp tac toan dipn va dac bipt Vipt
Nam - Lao", Hpc vien Quan hp quoc te. Ha Npi,
2002, tr. 23.
(15). BkoNhdn

ddn, ngky 6-12-2006.