Turk J Bot
29 (2005) 11-21
© TÜB‹TAK

Research Article

Myxomycetes from Trabzon and Giresun Provinces (Turkey)
‹jlal OCAK, ‹smet HASENEKO⁄LU
Atatürk University, Kaz›m Karabekir Faculty of Education, Department of Biology Education, 25240 Erzurum - TURKEY

Received: 10.06.2003
Accepted: 17.06.2004

Abstract: This study serves as a checklist of the myxomycetes of Trabzon and Giresun provinces, Turkey. Sixty-one myxomycete
were identified, 20 of which were collected in the field and 41 grown in moist chamber culture. In addition, we report all taxa new
for Giresun and Trabzon, including the following 15 taxa new to Turkey: Licea biforis Morgan, Cribraria intricata Schrad., C.
macrocarpa Schrad., Lycogala exiguum Morgan, Arcyria globosa Schw., A. nigella Emoto, A. magna Rex, Trichia erecta Rex, Dianema
corticatum A.Lister, Craterium concinnum Rex, Didymium anellus Morgan, Comatricha acanthodes Alexop., C. pulchella (C.Bab.)
Rost., C. tenerrima (M.A.Curt.) G.Lister and Lamproderma scintillans (Berk. & Br.) Morgan. The number of myxomycete species
reported from Turkey now stands at 140.
Key Words: myxomycetes, flora, new records, Turkey

Trabzon ve Giresun ‹lleri Myxomyceteleri
Özet: Bu çalıflma Trabzon ve Giresun illerinin myxomycetelerinin bir listesini sunmaktadır. Toplam 61 myxomycetes tanımlanmıfltır.
Bunlardan 20 tanesi do¤al olarak toplanırken, 41 tanesi nemli oda kültüründe yetifltirilmifltir. Bu türlerin hepsi Trabzon ve Giresun
için ilk kez kaydedilmifltir ve Licea biforis Morgan, Cribraria intricata Schrad., C. macrocarpa Schrad., Lycogala exiguum Morgan,
Arcyria globosa Schw., A. nigella Emoto, A. magna Rex, Trichia erecta Rex, Dianema corticatum A. Lister, Craterium concinnum Rex,
Didymium anellus Morgan, Comatricha acanthodes Alexop., C. pulchella (C.Bab.) Rost., C. tenerrima (M.A.Curt.) G.Lister ve
Lamproderma scintillans (Berk. & Br.) Morgan. S. Türkiye için yeni kayıtlardır. Bu çalıflma ile Türkiye’den rapor edilen myxomycete
sayısı 140 olmaktadır.
Anahtar Sözcükler: myxomycetes, yeni kayıtlar, Türkiye

Introduction
The aim of this article is to investigate the
myxomycete flora of Giresun and Trabzon provinces (east
Black Sea region, Turkey). The references indicate that
the myxomycetes of Giresun and Trabzon provinces have
not been investigated before. Furthermore, the
myxomycetes of Turkey are poorly known. The first
extensive studies in Turkey were carried out by Finnish
scientists (Harkönen & Uotila, 1983; Harkönen, 1987). A
major checklist of the myxomycetes of the Mediterranean
region including Turkish records has been published
(Lado, 1994), but so far only 140 species have been
reported in Turkey (Ergül & Dülger, 2000, 2002a,
2002b; Ocak & Haseneko¤lu, 2003a, 2003b).
Myxomycetes are a small and relatively homogeneous
group of eukaryotic organisms. Approximately 900

species have been identified (Lado et al., 1999). The
name given to the group is derived from the Greek words
myxa (slime) and mykets (fungi) and was first used by the
German botanist Heinrich Link in 1833. De Bary
considered the true slime moulds to have protozoan
affinities, a view shared by a number of other biologists
including Bessey (1950), Kudo (1954), Olive (1970) and
Alexopoulos et al. (1996). On the other hand,
Alexopoulos (1973) and Martin & Alexopoulos (1969)
have followed Link’s original interpretation and classified
the group within the fungi.
The myxomycetes are considered to represent a

taxonomic class, with 3 subclasses. The first subclass is
Ceratiomyxomycetidae. It is very small and consists of
just 1 order (the Ceratiomyxales) containing the single
genus Ceratiomyxa. The second subclass is the

11


Myxomycetes from Trabzon and Giresun Provinces (Turkey)

Myxogastromycetidae, which consists of 4 orders and
includes most of the 900 species of myxomycetes. These
4 orders are the Echinosteliales, Liceales, Physarales and
Trichiales. The third subclass (the Stemonitomycetidae)
contains the single order Stemonitales, which consists of
nearly 200 species (Martin & Alexopoulos, 1969; Martin
et al., 1983; Stephenson & Stempen, 2000).

Methods
Between 1999 and 2000, 528 samples were collected
from 45 locations during 8 trips to Giresun and Trabzon
and they were then examined in the laboratory. Fiftyseven were myxomycetes collected in the field and
directly examined. The remaining 471 samples consisted
of substrates used for moist chamber culture.
The fruit bodies of myxomycetes were collected in the
field. In addition, dead wood, bark of living trees,
decaying leaves, pieces of fallen twig, plant debris, and
decaying conifer needles and cones were sampled
(Lakhanpal & Mukerji, 1981). Due to the lack of
information on myxomycetes from the research area

random samples were taken.

Description of the research area
Trabzon and Giresun provinces are on the mountains
on the Black Sea coastline, the length of which is 400 km.
Both provinces have a mild sea climate and abundant and
regular rainfall. In Trabzon the annual rainfall is 830.8
mm and average temperature is 14.5 °C. In both provinces
it is rainy 12 months of the year. Forests start at sea level
and go up to 2400 m. On the lower parts broad-leaf
deciduous trees are seen but in upper lands forests
composed of conifers such as Picea orientalis (L.) Link,
Abies nordmanniana (Stev) Spach. and Pinus sylvestris L.
exist. The main sites selected for the collection of
myxomycetes were Erikbeli, Haçka (Düzköy) and other
surrounding plateaux, and Lifler (Maçka) plateau in
Trabzon province and Kümbet plateau and Kulakkaya
(Yavuz Kemal) plateau in Giresun province. The samples
were collected from roadside and steppe areas.

Field-collected specimens were dried in Petri dishes in
the laboratory. Other substrates were put in the moist
chamber culture so that myxomycetes could develop. All
substrates were studied, but particular attention was
given to wood, bark of living and dead trees and leaf litter
(Martin et al., 1983; Stephenson & Stempen, 2000).
Moist chamber cultures were prepared by using Petri
dishes (9 cm) fitted with filter paper. Sufficient sterile
distilled water was added to moisten the contents
thoroughly.

The samples were examined every 72 h using a
dissecting microscope and a component microscope. The

Figure Shows the research area and localities from
where samples were collected.

GEORGIA

N

BLACK SEA
Düzköy
Beflikdüzü
Vakf›kebir
Görele
TRABZON R‹ZE
Akçaabat
G‹RESUN Tirebolu fialpazar›
Espiye
TonyaMaçka
Dereli
Haçka
Kulakkaya
Köy
Yay. Kümbet
Yay.
GÜMÜfiHANE

ARTV‹N


ARDAHAN

KARS

BAYBURT

S‹VAS

A⁄RI

ERZURUM
ERZ‹NCAN

TUNCEL‹

B‹NGÖL

0

Figure. The research area and localities from where samples were collected.

12

km

50


‹. OCAK, ‹. HASENEKO⁄LU


morphological characters examined included fruiting
bodies (plasmodiocarps, sporangia, aethalia, etc.) shape,
size and colour, spore size and ornamentation, capillitium
colour and branching, lime crystal size and morphology,
stalk colour and proportion. Identifications were based on
Martin & Alexopoulos (1969), Farr (1981), Lakhanpal &
Mukerji (1981) and Stephenson & Stempen (2000).
Results
Sixty-one species belonging to 24 genera of
Myxomycetes from both the field and moist chamber
culture were identified. Twenty of these were obtained as
field collections. While 12 of them were obtained only as
field collections, 8 appeared in both the natural habitat
and moist chamber culture. The other 41 species
developed in moist chamber culture only.
Ceratiomyxales
Ceratiomyxaceae
Ceratiomyxa fruticulosa (Mull.) Macbr., 1899.
Syn: Byssus fruticulosa Müll., 1777.
Trabzon, Erikbeli plateau, apex, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt 1800 m, 10.07.1999, Ocak 46; Erikbeli
plateau, Karta¤aç, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1500
m, 10.07.1999, Ocak 56; Erikbeli plateau, Sazlık, on
wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1750 m, 24.08.2000, Ocak
374; Trabzon, fialpazarı, Ken plateau (hill), on wood of
Picea orientalis, alt. 1600 m, 10.07.1999, Ocak 58 (field
collection); Trabzon, Düzköy, Kayabaflı plateau, on wood
of Picea orientalis, alt. 1750 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 147;
Trabzon, Maçka, Altındere Valley National Park,
Meryemana Forest, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt 1000

m, 26.08.2000, Ocak 496, 500; Giresun, Kulakkaya
plateau, Yaylak, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1500 m,
27.08.1999, Ocak 223 (field collection); Giresun,
Kümbet plateau, apex, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt.
1600 m, 25.08.2000, Ocak 431, 435.
Liceales
Liceaceae
Licea biforis Morgan, 1893.
Syn: Licea sinuosa Nann.-Brem.,1965.
Trabzon, Düzköy, Kayabaflı plateau, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1750 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 169 and on
bark of Picea orientalis, Ocak 172-1; Trabzon, Erikbeli
plateau, apex, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1750 m,

24.08.2000, Ocak 377-1; Giresun, Kulakkaya plateau,
Alçakbel, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1300 m,
27.08.1999, Ocak 260.
Licea kleistobolus Martin, 1942.
Syn: Kleistobolus pusillus C.Lippert, 1894.
Trabzon, Düzköy, Büyük Uskobel, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1700 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 123-2;
Trabzon, Erikbeli plateau, Gümüflhane Kürtün district
side, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1500 m,
24.08.2000, Ocak 394-2; Giresun, Kulakkaya plateau,
Yaylak, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1300 m,
27.08.1999, Ocak 223-1, 227-2; Kulakkaya plateau,
Alçakbel, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1300 m,
27.08.1999, Ocak 250-4.
Licea minima Fr., 1829.
Syn: Phelonites minima (Fries ) Fries, 1849.

Trabzon, Erikbeli plateau, Sazlık, on bark of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1750 m, 24.08.2000, Ocak 361-1;
Erikbeli plateau, Gümüflhane Kürtün district side, on
wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1500 m, 24.08.2000, Ocak
391-1, 394-3; Trabzon, Maçka, Altındere Valley National
Park, Meryemana Forest, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt.
1000 m, 26.08.2000, Ocak 509, 510; Giresun,
Kulakkaya plateau, Yaylak, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt.
1300 m, 27.08.1999, Ocak 225-4, 227.
Licea operculata (Wingate) Martin, 1942.
Trabzon, Düzköy, Haçka plateau, on bark of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1780 m, 26.08.1999 Ocak 100-1, 101,
104; Trabzon, Düzköy, Kayabaflı plateau, on bark of
Picea orientalis, alt. 1750 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 142,
137, 172-2; Trabzon, Erikbeli plateau, apex, on bark of
Picea orientalis, alt. 1750 m, 10.07.1999, Ocak 49-1;
Erikbeli plateau, Gümüflhane Kürtün district side, on bark
of Picea orientalis, alt. 1500 m, 24.08.2000, Ocak 3944; Trabzon, Maçka-Torul road, 20 km from Maçka, alt.
1100 m, on wood of Picea orientalis, 28.08.1999, Ocak
282; Giresun, Kümbet plateau, on bark of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1600 m, 07.07.1999, Ocak 7; Giresun,
Kulakkaya plateau, Alçakbel, on bark of Picea orientalis,
alt. 1300 m, 27.08.1999, Ocak 260-1, 262-3.
Licea pusilla Schrad., 1797.
Syn: Tubulina pusilla (Shard.) Poir., 1808.
Trabzon, Düzköy, Hanzarcık, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1850 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 180-1.

13



Myxomycetes from Trabzon and Giresun Provinces (Turkey)

Licea parasitica (Zukal) Martin, 1942.
Syn: Cylichnium operculatum Wallr., 1833.
Giresun, Kümbet plateau, apex, north side, on bark of
Picea orientalis, alt. 1610 m, 25.08.2000, Ocak 448-1.
Cribrariaceae
Cribraria argillacea (Pers.) Pers., 1794.
Syn: Stemonitis argillacea Pers. in J.F.Gmel., 1791.
Trabzon, Maçka, Altındere Valley National Park,
Meryemana Forest, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1000
m, 10.07.1999, Ocak 71.
Cribraria intricata Schrad., 1797.
Syn: Trichia intricata (Schrader) Poir in Lam, 1808.
Trabzon, Erikbeli plateau, Gümüflhane Kürtün district
side, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1600 m,
24.08.2000, Ocak 392; Trabzon, Maçka, Altındere Valley
National Park, Meryemana Forest, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1000 m, 26.08.2000, Ocak 500-1;
Giresun, Kulakkaya plateau, Keseyol, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1300 m, 27.08.1999, Ocak 236.
Cribraria macrocarpa Schrad., 1797.
Syn: Trichia macrocarpa Schrader, 1808.
Giresun, Kulakkaya plateau, Yaylak, on coniferous
litter, alt. 1500 m, 27.08.1999, Ocak 231.
Cribraria microcarpa (Schrad.) Pers., 1801.
Syn: Dictydium microcarpum Schrad., 1797.
Trabzon, Maçka, Altındere Valley National Park,
Meryemana Forest, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1000

m, 10.07.1999, Ocak 70, 72; Trabzon fialpazarı, Ken
plateau (hill), on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1600 m,
10.07.1999, Ocak 58-2.
Dictydium cancellatum (Batsch) Macbr., 1899.
Syn: Mucor cancellatus Batsch, 1789.
Trabzon, Düzköy, Kayabaflı plateau, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1750 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 143, 147-1,
155, 168; Düzköy, Hanzarcık, on bark of Picea orientalis,
alt. 1850, 26.08.1999, Ocak 178; Düzköy, Büyük Ova
plateau, Zımba brook, on bark of Fagus orientalis Lipsky,
alt. 1800 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 214; Düzköy, Büyük Ova
plateau, Zımba brook, on coniferous litter, alt. 1800 m,
26.08.1999, Ocak 222; Trabzon, Erikbeli plateau,
Sazlık, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1750 m,
24.08.2000, Ocak 367, 373; Erikbeli plateau,
14

Gümüflhane Kürtün district side, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1600 m, 24.08.2000, Ocak 394; Trabzon,
Maçka, Altındere Valley National Park, Meryemana
Forest, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt.1000 m,
10.07.1999, Ocak 67 (field collection) and 26.08.2000,
Ocak 479-1 (field collection); Giresun, Kümbet plateau,
apex, north side, on bark of Picea orientalis (field
collection), alt. 1610 m, 25.08.2000, Ocak 439, 440
and 441 (field collection); Kümbet plateau-Dereli road, on
bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1500 m, Ocak 404 (field
collection), 414; Kümbet plateau-Dereli road, 8 km, on
wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1300 m, 25.08.2000, Ocak
455, 458; Kümbet plateau, on bark of Picea orientalis,

alt. 1500 m, Ocak 430, 432-1; Giresun, Kulakkaya
plateau, Alçakbel, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1200
m, 27.08.1999, Ocak 262-1.
Reticulariaceae
Tubifera ferruginosa (Batsch.) J.F.Gmel., 1791.
Syn: Stemonitis ferruginosa Batsch., 1786.
Giresun, Kulakkaya plateau, Keseyol, on wood of
Picea orientalis, alt. 1300 m, 27.08.1999, Ocak 236-3
(field collection).
Lycogala epidendrum (L.) Fr., 1829.
Syn: Lycoperdon epidendrum L.,1753.
Trabzon, Erikbeli plateau, Gümüflhane Kürtün district
side, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1600 m,
24.08.2000, Ocak 379 (field collection); Erikbeli plateau,
Karta¤aç, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1500 m,
10.07.1999, Ocak 52 (field collection); Trabzon
fialpazarı, Ken plateau (hill), on wood of Picea orientalis,
alt. 1600 m, 10.07.1999, Ocak 59-1 (field collection);
Trabzon, Maçka, Altındere Valley National Park,
Meryemana Forest, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1000
m, 10.07.1999, Ocak 64 (field collection), 71-1 (field
collection) and 26.08.2000, Ocak 502-1 (field
collection); Giresun, Kümbet plateau, apex, north side, on
bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1610 m, Ocak 449 (field
collection); Giresun, Kümbet plateau-Dereli road, on
wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1000 m, 25.08.2000, Ocak
463 (field collection).
Lycogala exiguum Morgan, 1893.
Syn: Lycogala miniatum var. tesellatum G.Lister in
Penzing, 1898.

Trabzon, Maçka, Altındere Valley National Park,


‹. OCAK, ‹. HASENEKO⁄LU

Meryemana Forest, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1000
m, 26.08.2000, Ocak 503 (field collection).
Echinosteliales
Echinosteliaceae
Echinostelium minutum de Bary, 1874.
Trabzon, Düzköy, Büyük Uskobel, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1700 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 116-2 and on
coniferous litter, Ocak 119, 127-1; Düzköy, Kayabaflı
plateau, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1750 m,
26.08.1999, Ocak 171-1 and on coniferous litter, Ocak
136-2, 158-3; Trabzon, Maçka, Lifler plateau, on bark of
Picea orientalis, alt. 1850 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 191;
Trabzon, Erikbeli plateau, apex, on bark of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1800 m, 24.08.2000, Ocak 49; Erikbeli
plateau, Sazlık, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1750 m,
24.08.2000, Ocak 361; Giresun, Kümbet plateau, on
bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1600 m, 25.08.2000, Ocak
422, 430-1; Kümbet plateau, apex, north side, on bark
of Picea orientalis, alt. 1610 m, 25.08.2000, Ocak 448;
Kümbet plateau, apex, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt.
1610 m, 25.08.2000, Ocak 407; Giresun, Kulakkaya
plateau, Keseyol, on coniferous litter and on bark of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1300 m, 27.08.1999, Ocak 243.
Clastodermataceae
Clastoderma debaryanum Blytt, 1880.

Syn: Orthotricha microcephala Wingate 1886.
Trabzon, Erikbeli plateau, apex, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1800 m, 24.08.2000, Ocak 377.
Trichiales
Trichiaceae
Trichia botrytis (J.F.Gmel) Pers., 1794.
Syn: Stemonitis botrytis J.F.Gmel., 1791.
Trabzon, Düzköy, Hanzarcık, on bark of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1850 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 182-1;
Giresun, Kulakkaya plateau, Yaylak, on bark of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1300 m, 27.08.1999, Ocak 228.
Trichia decipiens (Pers) Macbr., 1899.
Syn: Arcyria decipiens Pers., 1795.
Trabzon, Düzköy, Kayabaflı plateau, on bark of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1750 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 172-3;
Düzköy, Büyük Ova plateau, on bark of Picea orientalis,
alt. 1850 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 204-1; Trabzon, Maçka,
Altındere Valley National Park, Meryemana Forest, on

bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1000 m, 26.08.2000, Ocak
509-2; Trabzon, Maçka-Torul road, 20 km from Maçka,
alt. 1100 m, on coniferous litter, 26.08.2000, Ocak 522.
Trichia erecta Rex, 1890.
Trabzon, Düzköy, Kayabaflı plateau, on bark of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1750 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 172-4.
Trichia favoginea (Batsch.) Pers., 1794.
Syn: Lycoperdon favoginea Batsch, 1786.
Trabzon, Maçka, Altındere Valley National Park,
Meryemana Forest, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1000
m, 26.08.2000, Ocak 501-1 (field collection), 506 (field

collection), 507 (field collection); Giresun, Kümbet
plateau-Dereli road, 8 km, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt.
1300 m, 25.08.2000, Ocak 461 (field collection);
Kümbet plateau, apex north side, on bark of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1610 m, Ocak 451 (field collection).
Arcyria cinerea (Bull.) Pers., 1801.
Syn: Trichia cinerea Bull., 1797.
Trabzon, Düzköy, Kayabaflı, on bark of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1750 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 136, 148;
Düzköy, Büyük Ova, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt.1850
m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 204; Büyük Uskobel, on litter of
Picea orientalis, alt. 1700 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 116;
Trabzon, fialpazarı, Simenli, alt. 1500 m, on bark of
Picea orientalis, 10.07.1999, Ocak 63; TrabzonAkçaabat coast road, roadside, on tree log, alt. at sea
level, 07.08.1999, Ocak 268; Giresun, Kümbet plateau,
apex, north side, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1610 m,
25.08.2000, Ocak 438 (field collection); Giresun,
Kulakkaya plateau, Yaylak, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt.
1300 m, 27.08.1999, Ocak 227.
Arcyria denudata (L.) Wettst., 1886.
Syn: Clathrus denudatus L., 1753.
Giresun, Kümbet plateau, on bark of Picea orientalis,
alt. 1600 m, 25.08.200, Ocak 465 (field collection).
Arcyria globosa Schw., 1829.
Syn: Lachnobolus globosus (Schwein.) Rostaf., 1875.
Trabzon, Düzköy, Kayabaflı plateau, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1750 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 138; Giresun,
Kulakkaya plateau, Yaylak, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt.
1500 m, 27.08.1999, Ocak 225; Kulakkaya plateau,
Alçakbel, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1200 m,

27.08.1999, Ocak 262.

15


Myxomycetes from Trabzon and Giresun Provinces (Turkey)

Arcyria incarnata (Pers.) Pers., 1796.
Syn: Stemonitis incarnata (Pers.) J.F.Gmel., 1791.
Trabzon, Düzköy, Kayabaflı plateau, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1750 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 154 (field
collection); Düzköy, Büyük Uskobel, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1700 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 131; Trabzon,
Maçka, Altındere Valley National Park, Meryemana
Forest, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1000 m,
10.07.1999, Ocak 65 (field collection) and 26.08.2000,
Ocak 502 (field collection).
Arcyria insignis Kalchbr. & Cook, 1882.
Trabzon-Giresun road, 55 km from Giresun,
roadside, bark of Morus L. sp., alt. 2-3 m, 07.07.1999,
Ocak 33.
Arcyria magna Rex, 1893.
Giresun, Kümbet plateau, apex, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1610 m, 25.08.2000, Ocak 432.
Arcyria nigella Emoto, 1928.
Trabzon, Erikbeli plateau, apex, on bark of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1800 m, 24.08.2000, Ocak 375; Erikbeli
plateau, Gümüflhane Kürtün district side, alt. 1500 m,
24.08.2000, Ocak 391; Trabzon, Düzköy, Kayabaflı
plateau, on coniferous litter, alt. 1750 m, 26.08.1999,

Ocak 158.
Arcyria nutans (Bull.) Grev., 1824.
Syn: Trichia nutans Bull., 1791.
Trabzon, Düzköy, Kayabaflı plateau, on bark of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1750 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 166, 170;
Düzköy, Büyük Uskobel, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt.
1700 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 113; Düzköy, Hanzarcık, on
bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1850 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak
182; Trabzon, Maçka, Altındere Valley National Park,
Meryemana Forest, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1000
m, 10.07.1999, Ocak 68 (field collection) and
26.08.2000, Ocak 479 (field collection); Giresun,
Kulakkaya plateau, Yaylak, on coniferous litter, alt. 1500
m, 27.08.1999, Ocak 225-1; Kulakkaya plateau,
Alçakbel, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1200 m,
27.08.1999, Ocak 250.

Arcyria versicolor Phill.,1877.
Trabzon, Düzköy, Kayabaflı plateau, on bark of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1750 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 135, 173;
Giresun, Kulakkaya plateau, Alçakbel, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1200 m, 27.08.1999, Ocak 250-2.
Perichaena chrysosperma (Currey) A.Lister, 1894.
Syn: Ophiotheca chrysosperma Currey, 1854.
Giresun, Dereli road, Küçük Ahmet village, on bark of
Juglans regia L., alt. 150 m, 25.08.2000, Ocak 474.
Perichaena corticalis (Batsch) Rostaf., 1875.
Syn: Lycoperdon corticle Batsch, 1783.
Trabzon, Maçka-Torul road, 20 km from Maçka, alt.
1100 m, on bark of Picea orientalis, 28.08.1999, Ocak

280; Trabzon. Erikbeli plateau, Gümüflhane Kürtün
district side, on bark of Ulmus L. sp. alt. 1000 m,
24.08.2000, Ocak 396-1.

Arcyria pomiformis (Leers) Rostaf., 1875.

Dianemaceae

Syn: Mucor pomiformis Leers, 1775.

Dianema corticatum A.Lister, 1894.

Trabzon, fialpazarı, Ken plateau, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1600 m, 10.07.1999, Ocak 59; Trabzon,

16

Düzköy, Haçka plateau, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt.
1780 m, 26.08.1999 Ocak 87; Düzköy, Haçka plateau,
picnic field, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1780 m,
26.08.1999, Ocak 100 and on bark of Picea orientalis,
Ocak 106; Düzköy, Büyük Uskobel, on coniferous litter,
alt. 1700 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 118, 127 and on bark of
Picea orientalis, Ocak 122; Düzköy, Kayabaflı plateau, on
bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1750 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak
172, on wood of Picea orientalis, Ocak 133, 140, 170-1
and on litter of Picea orientalis, 158-1,159; Düzköy,
Hanzarcık, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1850 m,
26.08.1999, Ocak 184; Düzköy, Büyük Ova plateau, on
bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1850 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak

206; Trabzon, Maçka-Torul road, 20 km from Maçka,
alt. 1100 m, on wood of Picea orientalis, 28.08.1999,
Ocak 277 (field collection); Giresun, Old Trabzon road
(Armelit road), on bark of Robinia pseudoacacia L.,
07.07.1999, Ocak 20; Giresun, Kulakkaya plateau,
Yaylak, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1500 m,
27.08.1999, Ocak 225-2; Kulakkaya plateau, Keseyol,
on coniferous litter, alt. 1300 m, 27.08.1999, Ocak 235
and on bark of Picea orientalis, Ocak 245; Kulakkaya
plateau, Alçakbel, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1200
m, 27.08.1999, Ocak 250-1.

Trabzon, Düzköy, Büyük Uskobel, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1700 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 123.


‹. OCAK, ‹. HASENEKO⁄LU

Physarales

Badhamia foliicola A.Lister, 1897.

Physaraceae

Syn: Badhamia alpina

Physarum cinereum (Batsch) Pers., 1794.
Syn: Lycoperdon cinereum Batsch, 1783.
Trabzon, Maçka, Altındere Valley National Park,
Meryemana Forest, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1000

m, 26.08.2000, Ocak 510-1 and on coniferous litter,
Ocak 518.
Physarum nutans Pers., 1795.
Syn: Sphaerocarpus albus Bull., 1791.
Trabzon, Düzköy, Haçka plateau, picnic field, on wood
of Picea orientalis, alt. 1780 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 99;
Düzköy, Kayabaflı plateau, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt.
1750 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 151,166-2; Düzköy,
Hanzarcık, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1850 m,
26.08.1999, Ocak 175, 176, 178-1; Trabzon, Maçka,
Lifler plateau, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1850 m,
26.08.1999, Ocak 193; Trabzon, Erikbeli plateau,
Gümüflhane Kürtün district side, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1700 m, 24.08.2000, Ocak 390; Trabzon
fialpazarı, Ken plateau, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt.
1600 m, 10.07.1999, Ocak 59-2; Trabzon, Maçka,
Altındere Valley National Park, Meryemana Forest, on
bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1000 m, 26.08.2000, Ocak
480, 509-1, 505 (field collection) and 10.07.1999, Ocak
68-1 (field collection); Giresun, Kulakkaya plateau,
Yaylak, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1300 m,
27.08.1999, Ocak 223-2 (field collection); Kulakkaya
plateau, Keseyol, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1300 m,
27.08.1999, Ocak 235-2, 236-1 and 237 (field
collection); Kulakkaya plateau, Alçakbel, on bark of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1300 m, 27.08.1999, Ocak 247, 254.
Physarum viride (Bull.) Pers., 1795.
Syn: Sphaerocarpus aurantius Bull., 1791.
Trabzon, Düzköy, Hanzarcık, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1850 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 183; Düzköy,

Büyük Ova plateau, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1850
m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 205; Giresun, Dereli road, Konacık
village, on bark of Juglans sp., alt. 250 m, 25.08.2000,
Ocak 474-1; Giresun, Kümbet plateau, apex, north side,
on bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1610 m, 25.08.2000,
Ocak 446 (field collection), 447-1; Giresun, Kulakkaya
plateau, Yaylak, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1300 m,
27.08.1999, Ocak 234.

Trabzon, Maçka, Altındere Valley National Park,
Meryemana Forest, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1000
m, 10.07.1999, Ocak 65-1.
Badhamia panicea (Fr.) Rostaf., 1873.
Syn: Physarum paniceum Fr., 1829.
Trabzon, Düzköy, Gürgenlik, on bark of Fagus
orientalis, alt. 1100 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 79.
Craterium concinnum Rex, 1893.
Trabzon, Erikbeli plateau, apex, on bark of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1800 m, 10.07.1999, Ocak 47.
Fuligo septica (L.) Wiggers., 1780.
Syn: Mucor septicus L., 1763.
Trabzon, Maçka, Altındere Valley National Park,
Meryemana Forest, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1000
m, 26.08.2000, Ocak 501 (field collection); Giresun,
Kümbet plateau, apex, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt.
1600 m, 25.08.2000, Ocak 415 (field collection);
Kümbet plateau, apex, north side, on bark of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1610 m, 25.08.2000, Ocak 450 (field
collection).
Leocarpus fragilis (Dicks.) Rostaf., 1874.

Syn: Lycoperdon fragile Dicks., 1785.
Giresun, Kulakkaya plateau, Keseyol, on mixed litter,
alt. 1300 m, 27.08.1999, Ocak 235-1 (field collection).
Didymiaceae
Didymium anellus Morgan, 1894.
Syn: Didymium effusum var. tenue A.Lister, 1897.
Trabzon, Düzköy, Büyük Uskobel, on bark of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1700 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 115.
Didymium nigripes (Link) Fr., 1829.
Syn: Physarum nigripes Link, 1809.
Kulakkaya plateau, Alçakbel, on deciduous litter, alt.
1200 m, 27.08.1999, Ocak 257 (field collection).
Didymium quitense (Pat.) Torrend, 1908.
Syn: Chondrioderma quitense Pat. in Pat & Lagerh.,
1895.
Trabzon, Düzköy, Büyük Uskobel, on coniferous
litter, alt. 1700 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 116-1; Düzköy,

17


Myxomycetes from Trabzon and Giresun Provinces (Turkey)

Kayabaflı plateau, on coniferous litter, alt. 1750 m,
26.08.1999, Ocak 158-2.
Didymium squamulosum (Alb. & Schw.) Fr. 1818.
Syn: Diderma squamulosum Alb. & Schw., 1805.
Giresun, Dereli, Çamlıköy village, on deciduous litter,
alt. 200 m, 25.08.2000, Ocak 473; Giresun, about 25
km along Kürtün Tirebolu road, on deciduous litter, alt.

950 m, 24.08.2000, Ocak 400.
Diderma hemisphaericum (Bull.) Horman, 1829.
Syn: Reticularia hemisphaeria Bull., 1791.
Trabzon-Giresun coast road, beginning of Beflikdüzü
district road, on deciduous litter, alt. 3-4 m, at sea level,
25.08.2000, Ocak 478.
Stemonitales
Stemonitaceae
Stemonitis axifera (Bull.) Macbr., 1889.
Trabzon, Erikbeli plateau, Karta¤aç, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1500 m, 10.07.1999, Ocak 55 (field
collection); Erikbeli plateau, Gümüflhane Kürtün district
side, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1500 m,
24.08.2000, Ocak 379-1 (field collection); Trabzon,
Maçka, Altındere Valley National Park, Meryemana
Forest, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1000 m,
26.08.2000, Ocak 502-3 (field collection) and
10.07.1999, Ocak 68-2 (field collection); Giresun,
Kümbet plateau, apex, north side, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1610 m, Ocak 438-1 (field collection).
Stemonitis fusca Roth., 1787.
Syn: Trichia nuda With., 1792.
Trabzon, Maçka, Altındere Valley National Park,
Meryemana Forest, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1000
m, 10.07.1999, Ocak 68-3 (field collection); Giresun,
Kümbet plateau-Dereli road, 8 km, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1300 m, 25.08.2000, Ocak 466 (field
collection), 467 (field collection); Kümbet plateau, apex,
north side, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1610 m, Ocak
450-1 (field collection).

Stemonitis herbatica Peck, 1873.
Giresun, Kulakkaya plateau, Keseyol, on wood of
Picea orientalis, alt. 1300 m, 27.08.1999, Ocak 236-2
(field collection).
Stemonitis hyperopta Meylan, 1918.
Syn: Comatricha typhina var. heterospora Rex., 1893.
18

Trabzon, Erikbeli plateau, apex, on bark of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1780 m, 10.07.1999, Ocak 49-2;
Trabzon, Maçka, Altındere Valley National Park,
Meryemana Forest, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1000
m, 10.07.1999, Ocak 70-1; Giresun, Kümbet plateau,
apex, north side, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1610
m, Ocak 441-1.
Stemonitis smithii Macbr., 1893.
Syn: Stemonitis microspora A.Lister in Morgan, 1894.
Trabzon, Maçka, Altındere Valley National Park,
Meryemana Forest, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1000
m, 10.07.1999, Ocak 64-1 (field collection) and
26.08.2000, Ocak 498.
Comatricha acanthodes Alexop.,1958.
Trabzon, Erikbeli plateau, Sazlık, on bark of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1750 m, 24.08.2000, Ocak 359.
Comatricha elegans (Racib.) G.Lister, 1909.
Syn: Rostafinskia elegans Racib., 1884.
Trabzon, Düzköy, Büyük Uskobel, on bark of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1700 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 125.
Comatricha lurida A.Lister, 1894.
Syn: Paradiacheopsis lurida (A.Lister) Hertel, 1956.

Trabzon, Düzköy, Kayabaflı plateau, on coniferous
litter, alt. 1750 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 136-1 and on bark
of Picea orientalis, Ocak 157, 173-1; Trabzon, Maçka,
Altındere Valley National Park, Meryemana Forest, on
bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1000 m, 26.08.2000, Ocak
483, 497; Giresun, Old Trabzon road (Armelit road), on
bark of deciduous stump, 07.07.1999, Ocak 19; Giresun,
Kümbet plateau, apex, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt.
1600 m, 25.08.2000, Ocak 8.
Comatricha nigra (Pers.) Schroet., 1885.
Syn: Stemonitis nigra Pers. J.F.Gmel., 1791.
Trabzon, Düzköy, Kayabaflı plateau, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1750 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 157-1,
171,173-2; Düzköy, Haçka plateau, picnic field, on bark
of Picea orientalis, alt. 1780 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 82,
90; Trabzon, Maçka, Lifler plateau, on bark of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1850 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 199; Giresun,
Kulakkaya plateau, Yaylak, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt.
1500 m, 27.08. 1999, Ocak 225-3, 226, 227-1.


‹. OCAK, ‹. HASENEKO⁄LU

Comatricha pulchella (C.Bab.) Rost., 1876.

Discussion

Syn: Stemonitis pulchella C.Bab., 1839.

Sixty-one species belonging to 17 genera of

myxomycetes were identified in this investigation. Fifteen
of the 61 species are new records for Turkey: Licea
biforis, Cribraria intricata, C. macrocarpa, Lycogala
exiguum, Arcyria globosa, A. nigella, A. magna, Trichia
erecta, Dianema corticatum, Craterium concinnum,
Didymium anellus, Comatricha acanthodes, C. pulchella,
C. tenerrima and Lamproderma scintillans (Berk. (Ergül &
Dülger, 2000, 2002a, 2002b; Ocak & Haseneko¤lu,
2003a, 2003b). As studies on myxomycetes are very
limited in Turkey, new records can likely be found in
future research.

Giresun, Kulakkaya plateau, Alçakbel, on wood of
Picea orientalis, alt. 1200 m, 27.08.1999, Ocak 250-3.
Comatricha tenerrima (C.Bab.) Rost., 1919.
Syn: Stemonitis ternerrima M.A.Curt., 1848.
Trabzon, Düzköy, Hanzarcık, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1850 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 184-1.
Lamproderma scintillans (Berk. & Br.) Morgan,
1894.
Syn: Stemonitis scintillans Berk. & Br., 1876.
Trabzon, Düzköy, Büyük Ova plateau, on wood of
Picea orientalis, alt. 1850 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 209
Macbrideola cornea (G.Lister & Cran) Alexop., 1967.
Syn: Comatricha cornea G.Lister & Cran in Lister,
1917.
Trabzon, Erikbeli plateau, Gümüflhane Kürtün district
side, on bark of Ulmus compestris, alt. 1000 m,
24.08.2000, Ocak 396.
Enerthenema papillatum (Pers.) Rostaf., 1876.

Syn: Stemonitis papillatum Pers., 1794.
Trabzon, Düzköy, Kayabaflı plateau, on bark of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1750 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 173-3, on
coniferous litter, Ocak 136-3 and on wood of Picea
orientalis, Ocak 166-1; Düzköy, Büyük Uskobel, on wood
of Picea orientalis, alt. 1700 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 1231; Düzköy, Hanzarcık, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt.
1850 m, 26.08.1999, Ocak 180; Düzköy, Büyük Ova
plateau, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1850 m,
26.08.1999, Ocak 211; Trabzon, Erikbeli plateau,
Gümüflhane Kürtün district side, on wood of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1500 m, 24.08.2000, Ocak 394-1;
Trabzon, Maçka, Altındere Valley National Park,
Meryemana Forest, on wood of Picea orientalis, alt. 1000
m, 26.08.2000, Ocak 495; Trabzon, Maçka-Torul road,
20 km from Maçka, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1100
m, 28.08.1999, Ocak 273; Giresun, Kümbet plateau,
apex, north side, on bark of Picea orientalis, alt. 1610 m,
25.08.2000, Ocak 447; Kümbet plateau, apex, on bark
of Picea orientalis, alt. 1600 m, 25.08.2000, Ocak 418;
Giresun, Kulakkaya plateau, Alçakbel, on bark of Picea
orientalis, alt. 1300 m, 27.08.1999, Ocak 262-2.

In the study area, a very rich myxomycete flora was
observed. In Trabzon and Giresun provinces, where the
climatic conditions are suitable for myxomycetes, a very
dense flora in both species composition and frequency of
myxomycetes was found. The densest myxomycete flora
was found in the high plateaux and especially in Picea
orientalis (L.) Link. forests in the provinces.
Twenty myxomycetes were collected in the field. As

seen in several reports in the literature, naturally growing
myxomycete fructifications are more common in the
samples collected in rainy August and September. In fact,
as pointed out in many studies, the frequency of
myxomycetes from natural habitats is affected by climatic
conditions, rainfall and temperature. For example, more
myxomycetes are obtained when collecting is performed
in moist and warm seasons (Lazo, 1966; Farr, 1981;
Stephenson, 1988; Harkönen & Ukkola, 2000).

Dictydium cancellatum, Echinostelium minutum and
Arcyria pomiformis are the most common species in our
investigation but some species are only from certain
substrates. While Dictydium cancellatum and Arcyria
pomiformis were obtained both from field collection and
in moist chamber culture, Echinostelium minutum was
obtained only by moist chamber culture.
The species seen only on 1 substrate and 1 sample are
Licea parasitica, L. pusilla, Cribraria argillacea, C.
macrocarpa, Tubifera ferruginosa, Lycogala exiguum,
Clastoderma debaryanum, Arcyria denudata, A. magna,
Dianema corticatum, Didymium anellus, Stemonitis
herbatica, Comatricha tenerrima, C. pulchella and
Lamproderma scintillans (on spruce stump), A. insignis
(on bark of living mulberry), Trichia erecta and
Comatricha acanthodes (on bark of living spruce),

19



Myxomycetes from Trabzon and Giresun Provinces (Turkey)

Perichaena chrysosperma (on bark of living walnut),
Leocarpus fragilis Rostaf. (on litter twig), Diderma
hemisphaericum and Didymium nigripes (on litter of
broad-leaves), Comatricha elegans (on bark litter) and
Macbrideola cornea (on bark of living elm).
Arcyria incarnata, A. nigella, Badhamia foliicola, B.
panicea, Clastoderma debaryanum, Comatricha
acanthodes, C. elegans, C. tenerrima, Craterium
concinnum, Cribraria argillacea, C. microcarpa, Diderma
hemisphaericum, Didymium anellus, D. quitense, Dianema
corticatum, Lamproderma scintillans, Licea pusilla,
Lycogala exiguum, Macbrideola cornea, Physarum
cinereum, Stemonitis smithii, Trichia decipiens and T.
erecta were found only in Trabzon province.
Arcyria denudata, A. insignis, A. magna, Comatricha
pulchella, Cribraria macrocarpa, Didymium nigripes, D.
squamulosum, Leocarpus fragilis, Licea parasitica,
Perichaena chrysosperma, Stemonitis herbatica and
Tubifera ferruginosa were seen only in Giresun. These
taxa are new records for both provinces. However,
climatic conditions and vegetation are similar in the 2
provinces. Thus, the ecological requirement positions and
demands of these taxa may be the same.
As these provinces have suitable climatic conditions
and abundant vegetation for myxomycetes, a rich
myxomycete species composition is found, especially the
on bark and decaying wood of Picea orientalis.
Most of the myxomycetes were found on spruce

(Picea orientalis) stumps. The species, with no exception,
which grow and form fructifications in the field were
collected from spruce stumps. However, in the literature
it is reported that many species are collected from both
gymnosperm and angiosperm substrates (Stephenson,
1988).
Substrates on which myxomycetes found are diverse
and it is observed that myxomycetes grow especially on
the bark of spruce stumps and living spruce, pines,
poplars, and willows. Besides these, fructifications of
myxomycetes were found on the bark of common alders,
elms, beeches, acacias, fallen leaves, cones, pieces of
branches, and humus masses. This is a natural case and is
also seen in the literature (Harkönen & Uotila, 1983;
Harkönen 1987; Stephenson, 1988; Harkönen & Ukkola,
2000).
Species such as Dictydium cancellatum, Echinostelium
20

minutum and Arcyria pomiformis grow on almost every
substrate. In addition, some rare species are also found
on certain substrates. For example, Perichaena
chrysosperma was cultured on the bark of living walnut,
Macbrideola cornea on the bark of living elm, and Arcyria
insignis on the bark of living mulberry. It is observed that
the species of Didymium commonly grow on leaf litter.
Although such a species-substrate association is regarded
as a reflection of ecological and physiological characters,
these species are also observed on other substrates
(Stephenson & Stempen, 2000). This indicates that these

species have a very special substrate-selecting
characteristic and that the species which usually prefer
bark are corticolous.
The genera Echinostelium de Bary, Licea Schrad. and
Macbrideola H.C.Gilbert prefer the bark of living trees
and are commonly known as corticolous species. Species
such as Comatricha nigra, Enerthenema papillatum and
Perichaena chrysosperma may be found on rotten wood
but afterwards develop on bark in moist chamber culture.
In our study, it was observed that these species prefer
the bark in the moist chamber culture. Surface
conditions, pH, the water-retention capacity and nutrient
contents are factors that influence the preference for
bark. Furthermore, the development of myxomycetes is
more affected on conifer bark, which is more acidic than
broad-leaved tree bark. In addition, it is observed that the
number of myxomycetes increases as epiphytic lichens
and mosses on the bark surface trap spores (Stephenson
& Stempen, 2000). Likewise, our study shows that more
fructification in both number and species grow on barks,
especially that with lichens and mosses collected in
Trabzon and Giresun.
Stephenson & Stempen (2000) reported those the
species Lamproderma scintillans, Physarum cinereum,
Stemonitis herbatica, Cribraria microcarpa and Arcyria
cinerea prefer leaf litter of both conifers and broadleaved trees. However, in our research, while Arcyria
cinerea was found on leaf litter, other collections were
found on wood and bark. The species of Didymium
Schrad. prefer especially the leaf litter of broad-leaved
trees (Harkönen & Ukkola, 2000).

While Arcyria Wiggers species are reported to grow
only on the remnants of conifer trees (Stephenson &
Stempen, 2000), 4 of the 10 Arcyria species in our study
grow both on leaf litter and other substrates. However,
the other 6 species were seen on wood and barks only.


‹. OCAK, ‹. HASENEKO⁄LU

All of the species identified in our study are similar to
species known elsewhere in the world. The present data
extend our knowledge on the flora of myxomycetes in
Turkey.

Acknowledgement
The Atatürk University Research Fund supported this
study (project no: 99\46).

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