tall'

alllla



State Fauna Series 13

FAUNA OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH
PART-2

Edited by

The Director
Zoological Survey ofIndi~ Kolkata

~~

Zoological Survey of India
Kolkata


CITATION
Editor-Director, 2006. Fauna of Arunachal Pradesh, State Fauna Series, 13(Part-2)
(Published by th~ Director, Zool Surv. India, Kolkata).

1-518.

Published: January, 2006

ISBN : 81-8171-087-8

Co-ordinator
Dr. J .R.B. Alfred
Director
Zoological Survey of India
M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata-700 053

© Government of India, 2006

ALL RIGHTS RESERVED
•

No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or
transmitted, in any from or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,
recording or otherwise without the prior permission of the publisher.

•

This book is sold subject to the condition that it shall not, by way of trade, be lent,
re-sold hired out or otherwise disposed of without the publisher's consent, in any
form of binding or cover other than that in which it is published.

•

The correct price of this publication is the price printed on this page. Any revised
price indicated by a rubber stamp or by a sticker or by any other means is incorrect
and should be unacceptable.

PRICE
India : Rs. 1500.00
Foreign : $ 100 £ 70


Published at the Publication Division by the Director, Zoological Survey of India, 234/4,
A. 1. C. Bose Road, 2nd MSO Building (13th Floor), Nizam Palace, Kolkata - 700020 and printed at
Krishna Printing Works, 106, Vivekananda Road, Kolkata - 700 006.


FAUNA OF ARUNACHAL PRADESH
STATE FAUNA SERIES
PART-2

2006

I-SI8

CONTENTS
I. PROTOZOA ........................................................................................................................... 1-38
A.K. Oas, N.C. Nandi and Piyali Chattopadhyay
2. CRUSTACEA: OECAPODA : PALAEMONIDAE AND POTAMONIDAE .............. 39-45
S.K. Ghosh, S.S. Ghatak and T. Roy
3. LEECHES .............................................................................................................................. 47-48
C.K. Mandai
4. TREMATODES OF AMPHIBIAN ..................................................................................... 49-51
P.T. Bhutia
S. INSECTA: COLLEMBOLA ............................................................................................... 55-65

A.K. Hazra, G.P. Mandai, S.K. Mitra and Miss. B. Bhattacharya
6. INSECTA: OOONATA ..................................................................................................... 67-149
Tridib Ranjan Mitra
7. INSECTA : ORTHOPTERA : ACRIDOIDEA ........................................................... 151-173
S.K. Mandai, A. Dey, and A.K. Hazra

8. BLATTARIA (DICTYOPTERA) ..................................................................................... 175-190
S.K. Mandai
9. INSECTA : COLEOPTERA : SCARABAEIDAE : COPRINAE
(DUNG BEETLES) ........................................................................................................... 191-224
Ram Sewak
10. INSECTA: DIPTERA : NEMATOCERA .................................................................... 225-255
Bulganin Mitra, A.R. Lahiri and M. Mukherjee
II. INSECTA: DIPTERA : BRACHYCERA ...................................................................... 257·:!81
Bulganin Mitra, P. Parui and D. Banerjee
12. INSECTA : DIPTERA : BOMBYLIIDAE ..................................................................... 283-295
D. Banerjee and Bulganin Mitra
13. INSECTA : DIPTERA : CYCLORRHAPHA ............................................................ 297·3:!Q
Bulganin Mitra, M. SiI, R.S. Mridha & K. Bhattacharjee
14. INSECTA : DIPTERA : SYRPHIDAE ....................................................................... 331-35-1
M. Mukherjee, P. Parui and Bulganin Mitra
15. INSECTA: DIPTERA : MUSCIDAE ........................................................................... 3S5·)67
Bulganin Mitra


(iv)

16. INSECTA: HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE .......................................................... 369-398
S.N. Ghosh, S. Sheela, B.G. Kundu, S. Roychowdhury and R.N. Tiwari
17. INSECTA: HYMENOPTERA: ACULEATA : SPHECIDAE ........................................ 399-426
B.G. Kundu, S.N. Ghosh and R.N. Tiwari I
18. INSECTA: HYMENOPTERA: ACULEATA
(VESPIDAE AND APIDAE) .......................................................................................... 427-448
B.G. Kundu, S.N. Ghosh and S. Roychowdhury
19. ARACHNIDA: SCORPIONIDA, UROPYGI, SCHIZOMIDA AND
ONCOPODID OPILIONES (CHELICERATA) .............................................................. 449-465

D. B. Bastawade
20. ORIBATID MITES (ACARI: ORIBATEI) ..................................................................... 467-478
A.K. Sanyal, BJ. Sarkar and M.N. Moitra
21. IXODID TICKS (ACARI : IXODIDAE) ......................................................................... 479-489
A.K. Sanyal and S.K. De
22. ARANEAE: SPIDERS ..................................................................................................... 491-518
Bijan Biswas and Kajal Biswas


Zool. Surv. India
Fauna of Arunachal Pradesh, Slale Fauna Series, 13(Part-2) : 1-38, 2006

PROTOZOA

A. K. DAS, N. C. NANDI AND PIYALI CHATrOPADHYAY
Zoological Survey of India, M-Bloclc. New Alipore, Kolkola-70005J

INTRODUCTION
Protozoa are unicellular eukaryotic organisms
and known to occur in each and every habitats of
all terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems of the world.
Even then, there is no published report on any
freeliving protozoa of Arunachal Pradesh. There
are, however, several published reports on parasitic
protozoa from this state. Misra (1956), Sen el 01.
(1973) and Duna el 01. (1992) published several
papers on the prevalence and transmission of
human malaria in Arunachal Pradesh caused by
protozoan parasites, Plasmodium /aiciparun, and
Plasmodium vivox. Incidence of giardiasis in some

human population of Arunachal Pradesh due to
infection of another protozoan parasite, Giardia
lamblia has also been reported by Paul el 01.
(1982). Moreover. information collected from the
Disease Investigation Laboratory located at Nirjuli
in Itanagar, Arunachal Pradesh (personal
communication) reveals that there are many
positive cases of coccidiosis in livestocks and
poultry of the state due to infection of several
species of coccidian parasites belonging to the
genera Eimeria and Isospora as mentioned
below:
SI.No.
1.
2.
3.
4.

Pa rasitic species
Eimeria brunelli Levine
Eimeria neca/rix Johnson
Eimeria bOllis '(Zublin)

6.

7.
8.
9.

During 1990-92 and in 1999 the scientists of

this survey conducted three faunistic surveys in
the districts of Lower Subansiri. West Siang. East
Siang. Debang Valley. Lohit and Changlang and.
collected diversified groups of freeliving and
parasitic protozoa. These collections as well as
those already known and reponed from Arunachal
Pradesh comprise 72 species. out of which 43
species are frecliving. 20 species parasitic and 9
species symbiotic. Taxonomic account and districtwise distribution of these species are being dealt
with in the present communication. Key to the
families, genera and species is also incorporatN
in the paper for facilitating identification of
Protozoa occurring in the stale. Thc systcmatic
list following Levine el 01. (1980) and taxonomic
account of these species are presented under thlft
subheads. namely, freeliving. parasitic and
symbiotic protozoa for the convenience of
taxonomic treatment.

Eimeria lenella

(Railliet and Lucet)
S.

Hosts
Poultry
Poultry
Poultry

Four species of symbiotic prolo~ namely.

Pyrsonympha lirapi. P. rostra/a. Dinenympho
muJcundae and D. rayi have also been reponed
from the gut contents of a single species of tennile
host. Ret;clllitern,es lirapi. collected from
Namdhap~ Arunachal Pradesh (Mukherjee and
Maiti, 1988, 1989).

Eimeria ellipsoida/is
Becker &. Frye

Poultry

Cattle, espeially
young stock
Eimeria zuernii '(Rivolta) Cattle, espeially
young stock
Eimeria debliecki Douwes Young Pigs
Young Pigs
Eimeria scabra Henry
IJ'ospora suis Biester
Young Pigs
& Murrey

MATERIAL AND METHODS
Freeliving protozoa were collected from
freshwater ponds and streams as well as mosses
grown on soil, rocks and trees of different dislriCls
of Arunachal Pradesh. Parasitic and symbiotic
protozoa were recovered from d i "erent hOSI
species as mentioned in the following host

parasite/symbiote list and taxonomic Iccount.


2

Freshwater salnples were coBected along with
little algal mass, aquatic weeds, bottom ooze and
flocculent matter arising out of aquatic vegetation
of the sampling localities. Samples were kept in
wide 1110uthed glass jars. These jars were brought
to the laboratory and kept for a few days, with
their I ids open for considerable increase in
Protozoa. population. The samples were then
thoroughly examined under light microscope from
time to time. Freeliving ciliates were examined in
living condition by keeping them in natural medium.
Sometilnes methocyl solution was lIsed for slowing
down the movement of the fast moving ciliates
for the study of their internal structures in situ
under light lnicroscope. SOlnetilnes Lugol's solution
was added as killing agent and for detecting
perepheral orgallellae. Schaudinn's fluid and
Carnoy's fluid were used as fixatives of freeliving
ciliates for preparing their pennanent slides. The
first one is very effective for keeping the exact
natural shape of the specilnen while the second
one is better for studying their nuclear structure.
Heidenhain's and Delafield's haematoxylin were
used for staining the ciliates. These slides were
Inounted in DPX.

For the preparation of permanent slides of
testaceans (rhizopods) tests were isolated from
bottoln ooze with the aid of a lnicropipette. These
p~otozoans were also colected by squeezing
different parts of aquatic vegetation including their
roots and sublnerged portion of leaves wHh the
aid of a lnicropipette. These testaceans were
placed on a glass slide covered with thin layer of
albumen-glycerol. These were then air dried at
rooln tern perature, transferred to xylene for about
10 hours and nlounted in DPX.
For collecting lnoss dwelling protozoa moss
sanlples were scraped from the top soil, rocks
and barks of trees with spatula and brought to the
laboratory in closed plastic bags. The samples
were then processed with non flooded petridish
nlethod as described by Foissner (1987). For that
purpose, 1-2 g of field Inoist subsample taken
fro~l each bulk sample was kept in a petridish
having 10-15 cln dialneter. The salnple was then
saturated but not flooded with distilled water. After
48 hours about 2-3 tnl run off collected after
tilting the petridish was thoroughly exa.nined under

Fauna of Arunachal Pradesh, State Fauna Series 13

a compound microscope for cilliates and rhizopods
usually at magnification 450 x (ocular lOx and
objective 45 x). Such examination was continued
for 2-3 weeks, depending upon the availability of

protozoan specimens. Testaceans or ciliated
Protozoa observed in the run off were fixed,
stained and mounted in the same manner as
described earl ier for freshwater Protozoa.
For parasitic protozoa hosts were dissected
and their gut contents, fluid of the body cavity
and smears of lungs, liver and blood were
thoroughly examined under a compound
microscope. Gut contents were also examined
after diluting them with physiological saline. Organ
smears and blood smears were drawn on clean
and greeze free slides, air dried, fixed and stained
with Giemsa or Leishman's stains. The lumen
dwelling forms were fixed in Schaudi'nn's fluid
and stained \\ ith Heidenhain's iron haematoxylin.
Faecal salnples of poultry and live stocks were
also collected and kept in 2.5 percent potassidium
dichromate solution for subsequent sporulation of
coccidial oocyst, if any.
For the collection of flagellate symbiotes of
termites, the entire gut of the worker caste was
removed and gut contents were emptied on clean
slides, containing a drop of 0.5 percent saline.
For studying internal structures of these flagellates
under in situ condition 67 percent Lock's solution
was used in which these protozoans remain active
in living condition for a longer period with their
natural shape and size. For preparing permanent
slides, these flagellates were fixed in Schaudinn's
fluid, stained with Heidenhain's iron haematoxylin

and mounted in DPX. For more details Das el 01.
(1993, 1995) may be consulted.
SYSTEMATIC LIST

A. Freeliving Protozoa
Phylum SARCOMASTIGOPHORA
Subphylum SARCODINA
Class LOBOSEA
Order ARCELLINIDA
Family ARCELLIDAE
Genus Arcella Ehrenberg
1. Arcella discoides Ehrenberg


DAS et al. : Protozoa
2. Arcella vulgaris Ehrenberg

Family
Genus

CENTROPYXIDAE
Bullinularia (Penard)
3. Bullinularia indica (Penard)
Genus Centropyxis Stein
4. Centropyxis aculeata (Ehrenberg)
5. Centropyxis aerophila Deflandre
6. Centropyxis ecornis (Ehrenberg)
7. Centropyxis laevigata Penard
8. Centropyxis minula Deflandre
9. Celltropyxis platystoma (Penard)

10. Centropyxis spinosa (Cash and Hopkinson)
II. Centropyxis sylvalica ( Deflandre)
Genus Cyclopyxls (Deflandre)
12. Cyclopyxis arcelloides (Penard)
Genus Plagiopyxis Penard
13. PlagJopyxis cailida Penard
14. Plaglopyxis mlnuta Bonnet
Family DIFFLUGIIDAE
Genus Difflugia Leclerc
15. Difflugia lismorensis Playfair
16. Difflugia lithophlla (Penard)
17. Difflugla lobostoma (Leidy)
Family NEBELIDAE
Genus Heliopera Leidy
18. Heleopera rosen Penard
Genus Nebela Leidy
19. Nebeln dentisloma Penard
20. Nebela lincta (Leidy)
Family?
Genus Phryganella Penard
21. Phryganella acropodla (Hertwig and Lesser)
CI~ss
FILOSEA
Order GROMIIDA
Family EUGLYPHIDAE
Genus Assulina Ehrenberg
22. A"ullna muscorum Greef
Genus Corythlon Taranek
23. Corylhion dublum Taranek
24. Corythlon pilichellum Penard


J

Genus

Euglypha Dujardin
25. Euglypha ciliata (Ehrenberg)
26. EIIglypha rolllnda Wailes

27. Euglypha scullgera Penard
28. EIIglypha tuberclllatD Dujardin
Genus rrachelell,lypha Deflandre
29. TrQcheleuglypha dentllla (Vejdowsky)
Genus Trlnema Dujardin
30. Trl"emn complanaillm Penarel
3 I. Tri"ema enchelys (Ehrenberg)
32. TrlnemQ IInea,e Penard

Phylum CILIOPHORA
Class KIN ETOFRAGM INOPHOREA
Order PROSTOMATIDA
Family COLEPIDAE
Genus Coleps Nitz
33. Coleps hlrtus (Muller)
Fanlily SPATHIDIIDAE
Genus Spathldlu",Dujardin
34. Spathldlulft musclcola Kahl
Order PLEUROSTOMATIDA
Family AMPHILEPTIDAE
Genus Loxophyllll'" Dujardin

35. Loxophyllllm IIllIWcc~lUe (Stein)
Order TRICHOSTOMATIDA
Family PLAGIOPYLIDAE
Genus Plaglopyla Stein
36. Plnglopyln IIasllla Stein
Order COLPODIDA
Family COLPODIDAE
Genus Colpodll O. F. Muller
37. Co/poda CllcIIl/us (Muller)
Class OLIGOHYMENOPHOREA
Order HYMENOSTOMATIDA
Family GLAUCOMIDAE
Genus GlnllC01lt1l Ehrenberg
38. Glauco",a pyrl/orlllls (Ehrenberg)
Family PARAMECIIDAE
Genus Parallt~Cllllff Hill
39.

Param~clu",

bllnn,la (Ehrenberg)


Fauna of Arunachal Pradesh, State Fauna Series 13

4

Fanlily FRONTONIIDAE
Genus Frontonia Ehrenberg
40. Frontonia leucas (Ehrenberg)

Class POLYHYMENOPHOREA
Order HETEROTRICHIDA
Family METOPIDAE
Genus Metopus Claparede & Lachlnann

41. Metopus es Muller
Order HYPOTRICHIDA
Family EUPLOTIDAE
Genus Euplotes Ehrenberg
42. Euplotes muscicola Kahl
43. Euplotes plun,ipes Stokes

B. Parasitic Protozoa
Phylum SARCOMASTIGOPHORA
SubphylUin MASTIGOPHORA
Class ZOOMASTIGOPHOREA
Order KINETOPLASTIDA
Family TRYPANOSOMATIDAE
Genus Trypanosoma Gruby
Parasites
Species of hosts
44. T. rotatorium (Meyer) Rana Iimnocllaris
Order
Family
Genus

DIPLOMONADIDA
HEXAMITIDAE
Giardia Kuntsler


45. G. lamblia Stiles

Homosapiens

Subphylum OPALINATA
Class OPALINATEA
Order OPALINIDA
Family OPALINIDAE
Genus Cepedea Metcalf
Parasites
Species of hosts
46. C. lanceolata
Rana Iimnocharis
Genus Opalina Purkinje and Valenter
Parasites
Species of hosts
47. O. lata Bezzenberger Rana cyanopldyctes
Phylum APICOMPLEXA
Class SPOROZOEA
Order EUCOCCIDA
Family EIMERIIDAE
Genus Eimeria Schneider

(i) Eimeria fron1 avian hosts

Parasites

Species of hosts

48. E. brunetti Levine


Gallus liomesticus

49. E. necatrix Johnson

Gallus domesticus

50. E. tenella (Railliet &

Gallus domesticus

Lucet)

(ii) Eimeria from mammalian hosts

Parasites

Species of hosts

51. E. bovis (Zubin)

Bos indicus

52. E. debliecki Douwes

Sus scrofa

53. E. ellipsoidalis Becker Bos indicus
& Frye


54. E. scabra Henry

Sus scrofa

55. E. stiedai (Lindelnann) Rabbit,
Oryctolagus sp.
56. E. zuernii (Rivolta)
Genus

Bos inliicus

Isospora Schneider

Parasites

Species of hosts

57. L suis Biester & Murray Sus scrola
Falnily

PLASMODIIDAE

Genus

Plasmodium Marchiafava & Celli

(i) Plasmodium of avian hosts

Parasites


Species of hosts

58. P. relictum (Grassi & Feletti) Columba livia
(ii) Plasmodium of mammals

Parasites

Species of hosts

59. P. falciparum

Homo sapiens

60. P. vivax (Grassi & Feletti) Homo sapiens
Phylum

CILIOPHORA

Class

OLIGOHYMENOPHOREA

Order

ASTOMATIDA

Fatnily

ANOPLOPHRYIDAE


Genus

Anop/opllrya Stein

Parasites
61. A. lun,brici (Schrank)

Species of hosts
PI,eretima sp.

Fatnily

MAUPASELLIDAE

Genus

Maupase/la Cepede

Parasites
62. M. nova Cepede

Species of hosts
Plleretima sp.


s

DAS et al. : Protozoa

Class


POLYHYMENOPHOREA

Order

HETEROTRICHIDA

Family
Genus
Parasites

NYCTOTHERIDAE
Nyctotheroides Grasse

Species of bOl"
63. N. cordiformls (Ehrenberg) Rana sp.
C. Symbiotic Protozoa
Phylum SARCOMASTIGOPHORA
Subphylum MASTIGOPHORA
Class ZOOMASTIGOPHOREA
Order OXYMONADIDA
Family PYRSONYMPHIDAE
Genus Dlnenymphs Leidy
Parasite.
Species of bosts
64. D. muitlUldal Mukherjee Rellculilermu IJrapl
and Maiti
R. lirapi
6S. D. nobUls Koidzum i
R. Ilrapl

66. D. rayl Mukherjee
and Maiti
Genus Pynonympha Leidy
Parasites
Species of bosu
67. P. grandls Koidzumi
R. Ilrapl
68. P. rostrala Mukherjee R. Ilrapl
and Maiti
69. P. Ilrapi Mukherjee
R. lirapl
and Maiti
Order HYPERMASTIGIDA
Family SPIROTRICHONYMPHIDAE
Genus Spirolrlchonympha Grassi & Foa
Parasites
Species of bosts
70. S. porteri (Koidzumi)
R. lirapi
Family TERANYMPHIDAE
Genus Teranympha Koidzu.ni
Parasites
Species of bosts
71. T. mlrabllis Koidzumi R. lirapi
Family TRICHONYMPHIDAE
Genus Trichonympl,a Leidy
Species or hosts
Parasites
R. Ilrapi
72. T. agllis Le idy


SYSTEMATIC ACCOUNT
A. FreeUviuc Protozoa

Phylum
Class
Subclass
Order

SARCOMASTIGOPHORA
LOBOSEA
TESTALOBOSIA
ARCELLINIDA
Key to the ramilles

I. Test membranous and rigid, having a distinci
oral aperture .......................... ARCELLIDAE

- Test with minerals or organic particles and with
an oral aperture ............................................ 2
2. Test with plates or scales secreted by

cytoplasm, sometimes with particles ............. .
................................................... NEBELIDAE
- Test with foreign particles and wilhout plates
or scales as above ........................................ 3
3. Test possessing axial symmetry. oral aperture

at extremity of the test (tenninal) ................ .
............................................. DIFFLUGIIDAE

- Symmetry of test dorsa-ventral. oral apenure
at one side of the test (eccentric) ... \ cntral...................................... CENTROPYXIDAE
Family
Genus

ARCELLIDAE
Arc~111J Ehrenberg

1830. (1832) A~IIQ Ehn:nbcrJ. AM. K. AAoJ "W.lkrtIR.
: 40.

Diagnosis : Test membranous. rigid. either

smooth or finely reticulate, yellow or brown in
colour depending on agc. sometimes colourless.
oval or circular in ventral view and plano-con\'e\
to hemispherical in lateral view. encrusted with
chitinous particles; oral aperture central, usullI~
circular. rarely of different shape and in\'ened
like a funnel.

Key to the species
I. Test plano-convex in laleral view, hcigh. of
test about one-fourth 10 one-third of its dianltler
.................................................... A. Ji,scoI(/t'.(


Fauna of Arunachal Pradesh, Stale Fauna Series 13

6


- Test hemispherical, evenly convex in lateral
view, height of test about half of its diameter
.......... ...... .......... ...... ...... ........ ........ A. vulgaris

1. Arcella discoides Ehrenberg
1843.

Arcella disco ides Ehrenberg. Ber. K. Akad. Wiss .•

also in ground moss grown adjacent to freshwater
bodies .
Remarks : This species is reported for the
first tilne from Arunachal Pradesh. The present
specimens have been collected from the bottom
ooze of some freshwater ponds of the state.

Berlin. : 139.

Material examined : 2 .exs., Itanagar, Lower
Subansiri , 18.ii.1990; 4 exs., Khiti village, Tirap,
13.i ii.1990~ sev. exs., Ran i beel, Passighat, East
Siang, 12.ii.1992; 2 exs., Nigam village, Basar,
West Siang, 18.ii.1992; 2 exs., Myodia, Debang
Valley, 19.iii.1999.
Diagnosis: Test light yellow, slnooth, flattened,
circular in ventral view and planoconvex in lateral
view; height of the test varying from about onefourth to one-third of its dialneter; oral aperture
large and circular.
Distribution : Ind ia : Arunachal Pradesh

(Lower Subansiri, East Siang, Tirap, West Siang
and Debang Valley districts), Meghalaya, Sikkim,
Tripura and West Bengal; common in freshwater
ponds in bottom ooze; also in mosses.

Family CENTROPYXIDAE

Key to the genera
1. Inferior Jip of oral aperture extending to

superior lip, sometimes covering it partially, test
hemispherical or elliptical ............................... .
.................................................... Bullinularia
- Inferior lip of oral aperture not extending to
superior lip ..................................................... 2
2. Oral aperture linear, lunate, superior lip without
pores, test hemispherical ............................... ..
............ ... ..... ........ .... ...... ... ........ .... Plagiopyxis
- Oral aperture rounded or angular, test mostly
membranous, with encursted foreign particles
or covered with sandy material ................... 3
3. Test swollen at posterior part, oral aperture
eccentric ..................................... Centropyxis

Renlarks : This species has been collected from
the bottonl ooze of freshwater ponds as well as
rock nlosses of Arunachal Pradesh and is reported
for the first time from this state.

- Test regularly arched, oral aperture centrally

located ........................................... Cyclopyxis

2. Arcella vulgaris Ehrenberg

Genus Bullinularia (Penard)

1832.

Arcella vulgaris Ehrenberg. Abh. Akad. Wiss .. Berlin.

1907.

: 40.

Material exanlined : 3exs., Ganga lake,
Itanagar, Lower Subansiri, 18.ii.1990~ 2 exs., Rani
beel, Passighat, East Siang, 12.ii.1992; 2 exs.,
Yelnbung village, Along, West Siang, 14.ii.1992.
Diagnosis: Test light yelJow, discoid in ventral
view, henlispherical and evenly convex in lateral
view; .height of the test about half its diameter,
surface with ~aeroles'; oral aperture circular,
central and often without buccal tube.
Distribution : India : Arunachal Pradesh
(Lower Subansiri, West Siang and East Siang
districts), Sikkiln and West Bengal; in freshwater
alnongst bottonl ooze and in submerged vegetation;

Bulinella Penard. J. roy. micro Soc .• : 274 (Pre-


occupied in Mollusca, 1891).
1911.

Bullinula Penard. Brit. Anlarcl. Exp. I Bioi .. 6 : 226.

1953.

Bullinularia Detlandre. Traile de Zoology I : 97-

148.

Diagnosis: Test smooth, ellipsoidal, flattened
on one face, formed of silicious plates; long
narrow peristome on flattened surface with a
smooth inferior lip and overhanging superior lip;
pseudopodia digitate or spatulate, simple or
branched.

3. Bullinularia indica (Penard)
1907.

Bulinella indica Penard, J. roy. micro Soc .• : 274.


DAS et al. : Protozoa

7

1911. Bu.llinu./a indica Penard, Brll. Antarct. Exped. I. Bioi .•
6 : 226.

1953. Bullinu/aria indica (Penard) Deflandre. TraUe de
Zoology. 1 : 91.

Material examined: 3 exs., Sevak Pass, Lohit,
28.ii.1990; Mayodia, Debang Valley, 19.iii.I999.
Diagnosis : Test ell ipsoidal, dark brown.
composed of small silicious grains and plates
cemented on a brown chitinous pellicle; aperture
long, arcuate, narrow with inner lip prolonged
and incurved and outer lip usually with a row of
pores.
Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh (Lohit
and Dibang Valley districts) and Sikkim; in mosses.
Genus Centropyxis Stein
1859. Centropyxis Stein. Abh. K. Bohm. Gesellsch. WiSI.,

to : 43.

1929. Ce'ntropyx;s: Deflandre. Arch. Protislenk.. 67 : 322.

Diagnosis : Test dorso-ventrally flattened,
spheroidal at posterior portion and tapering towards
apertual region, oral aperture eccentric, typically
invaginated without a raised rim.
Key to the species

- Apertural region of the test separated from
the rest by a perforated diaphragm .............. .
.................................................... C. SY/VOI iea
S. Test circular or nearly circular in ventral view

....................................................................... 6

- Test more or less elliptical, oval or discoidal in
ventral view ................................................... 7
6. Test usually less than SO J1m in diameter. oral
aperture slightly invaginated .......... C. minUla
- Test comparatively large (usually more than
60 J.lm in diameter). oral aperture obliquely
invaginated and its outer margin broad I)'
rounded ....................................... C. /aevigala
7. Test small, SO-70 ~ in length. ovoid in ventral
view, pear-shaped in lateral view, oral aperture
semicircular ................................ C. aerophilCl
- Test comparatively large. usually rnore than
100 J1m. discoidal or largely elliptical. mostly
irregular in outline. oral aperture circular or
round .............................................. C. eco,."is

4. Centropyxls nellleala (Ehrenberg)
1832.

I. Test furnished with variable number of spines
....................................................................... 2
- Test without spines ....................................... 3
2. Test provided with a few (usually 4-6) divergent
spines in a single and somewhat regular row,
usually resembling a scrap ............................ .
..... ................... ................ ...... ....... C. acu/eala
- Test furnished with usually 6-8 spines frequently
curved distributed irregularly on dorsal side ..


,,,

••••••••••••••••••••••• # •••••••••••••••••••••••••••••• \.,.

.

sp,nOl"U

3. A constriction visible between apertural and
post apertural region of the test .................. 4
- Constriction between apertural and post-oral
region of the test lacking ............................. S
4. Test prolonged at anterior end resembling a
flat lens covering the oral aperture ............. ..
................................................. (~. platy~·,OmQ

A~lIo ocu/~olo

Ehratberg. ..,hlt.

P~IID . ..fAod

'tiu.

Berlin. : 40.
1857.

C~"'ropy:(js (lcul.Gla (EJ\r~nberJ'


Stein. S 80M

Gtts. Win.. Prap,. 5C1 0) : 41.

Material exan,ined: 2 eu .• Sevak Pass. Lohil.
28.ii.1990; 2 exs., Indira Park. Itanagar. lo"'er
Subansiri, S.iii.1992; I ex., Deban, Changlang.
7.iii.1990; 3 exs., Myodia Debans Valle)'•
19.iii.I999.
ll

Diagnosis : Test compressed, cap-shaped.
fundus of test obtusely rounded and furnished
usually with 4-6 divergent spines al Ihe border.
arranged in a single and somewhat regular 1'0\\ ~
spines usually rese.llbling scrap; test brownish.
frequently encrusted with quanz crystals and
sometilnes with admixture of diato.nes and sand
particles.
Di~'lribulion : India : Arunachal Pradesh
(Lohit. Lower Subansiri, Changlang and Dcban~


Fauna of Arunachal Pradesh, State Fauna Series 13

8

Valley districts), Andhra Pradesh, Meghalaya,
Orissa, Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tripura and West
Bengal.

Remarks: This species is usually distributed in
freshwater tanks amongst vegetation. Penard
(1907) recorded this species from rock mosses of
the Sikkim Himalaya and, Guru and Das (1983)
from soils of Orissa. C. aculeata has been
collected from freshwater tanks and rock mosses
of Arunachal Pradesh and constitutes first record
for this state.
5. Centropyxis aerop/,i/a Deflandre
1929. Centropyxis aerophila Deflandre. Arch. Protistenkd.•

67 : 330.

Material examined : 6 exs., Indira Park,
ltanagar. Lower Subansiri, 17 .ii.1990; 4 exs., Sevak
Pass, Lohit, 28.ii.1990; 3 exs., Myodia, Debang
Valley, 19.i i i.1999.
Diagnosis : Test small, 65.73-68.86 Jlm in
length and 65.70-72.90 urn in width, ovoid in
ventral view and pear-shaped in lateral view, flank
of posterior part of the test little arched, often
almost straight, fundus spheroidal with dorsal face
strongly flattened towards oral aperture, test
chitinous, finely punctate and rough, bearing
foreign particles, usually vegetable fragments and
transparent crystals; oral aperture semi-circular
or elliptical.

Distribution : India : Arunachal Pradesh
(Lower Subansiri, Lohit and Debang Valley

districts), Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tripura and West
Bengal, in moss.
Remarks : This is usually a moss dewlling
spec ies and recorded for the first time from
Arunachal Pradesh.
6. Centropyx;s ecornis (Ehrenberg)
1841. Arcella ecornis Ehrenberg. Abh. Akad. Wiss .• Berlin
: 368.

Material examined: 2 exs., Indira Park,
Itanagar, Lower Subansiri, 17.ii.1990; 1 ex.,
Zerogaon, Lohit, 27.ii.1990; 2 exs., Rani beel,
Passighat, East Siang, 12.ii.1 002~ 4 exs., Myodia.
Debang Valley, 19.iii.1999.

Diagnosis : Test comparatively large, usually
more than 200 Jlm in aquatic habitat and more
than 100 Jlm in' dry moss; discoidal or largely
elliptical in ventral view, most irregular in outline,
without any spine and covered with quartz sand
grains; oral aperture usually circular, sometimes
irregularly lobed, not very much eccentric.
Distribution : India : Arunachal Pradesh
(Lower Subansiri, Lohit, East Siang and Debang
Valley districts), Meghalaya, Sikkim and West
Bengal; in freshwater and in moss.
Remarks: This species has been collected from
freshwater tanks as well as moss biotopes of
Arunachal Pradesh and reported for the first time
from the state.

7. Centropyxis laevigata Penard
1890. Cenlropyxis laevigala Penard. Mem. Soc. Phys.,
Geneva, 31 (2) : 151.
1929.

Cenlropyxis laevigala : Deflndre. Arch. Protislenkd.
67 : 363.

Material examined : 4 exs., Passighat, East
Siang, 1O.ii.1992; 7 exs., Myodia, Debang Valley,
19.i i i. 1999.

Diagnosis: Test nearly circular in ventral view,
usually sl ightly compressed in one side; in lateral
view test nearly hemispherical, being broader at
posterior extremity; mouth obliquely invaginated
and its outer margi n broad Iy rounded, oral aperture
eccentric.
Distribution: Arunachal Pradesh (East Siang
and Debang Valley districts) and Sikkim; in moss.
Remarks: This species was collected from
soil, rock and wall mosses and constitutes first
record for Arunachal Pradesh.

1879. Cenlropyxis ecornis Leidy. Freshwater Rhizopods

8. Centropyxis min uta Deflandre

of North America : pI. 30. figs. 20-24.
1929. Cenlropyxis ecornis : Deflandre. Arch. Prolistenkd.•

67 : 359.

1929.

Centropyxis minuta Deflandre, Arch. Prol;stenkd.,
67 : 366.


DAS et al. : Protozoa

Material examined: 3 exs .• Yembung Village.
Along, West Siang, 14.ii.1992; 2 exs., Myodia,
Oebang Valley, 19.iii.1999.
Diagnosis: Test small, usually less than 50
J.1m in diameter, circular in ventral view and
subspherical in lateral view; oral aperture eccentric
and circular.
Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh (West
Siang and Oebang Valley districts), Meghalaya,
Orissa, Sikkim, Tripura and West Bengal; in
freshwater amongst aquatic vegettion and in moss.
Remarks: This species has been collected from
soil and rock mosses in Arunachal Pradesh and
reported for the first time from the state.

9. Cenlropyxis platysloma (Penard)
1890. DifJllIgia p/atysloma Penard. Mem. Soc. Phys. tl
Hisl. Nat. de Geneva.

1929. Cenlropyxis platystoma Deflandre. Arch. Prolislenkd.•

67 : 338.

Material examined : 3 exs., Indira Park,
ltanagar, Lower Subansiri, 17.ii.1990; 2 exs., Sevak
Pass, Lohit, 28.ii.1990.
Diagnosis :' Test prolonged to anterior end,
resembling a flat lens covering oral aperture, test
elongated and elliptical in ventral view, a
constriction most often visible between ventral
post oral portion of the test and oral apertures; in
lateral view posterior part of the test stroftgly
convex and anterior part more or less flat; oral
aperture large. circular: test chitinous and covered
with several silicious particles, quartz particles and
occasionally small pebbles.
Distribution : India : Arunachal Pradesh
(Lower Subansiri and Lohit districts), Meghalaya,
Sikkim and Tripura; in moss.
Remarks: This species has been collected from
rock mosses and reported for the first time from
Arunachal Pradesh.

9
1929. Centropyxi6 spinosa (Cash &. Hopkinson) Dctland~.
Arch. Ilrolislenlcd .• 67 : 151.

Materiul examined: 2 exs., Vebung village.
Along, West Siang, 14.ii.1992; 2 eu., Nigam
village, Basar. West Siang. 18.ii.1992; 5 exs .•
Myodia, Oebang Valley, 19.iiLI999.

Diugnosis : Test more or less circular and
considerably flat; oral aperture eccentric and
irregualrly circular with invaginated borders; tesl
provided with variable number of spines, usually
6-8, spines frequently curved and distributed
irregularly on the dorsal side; test chitinous with
few quartz crystals or diatom fistules.
Distribution : India: Arunachal Pradesh (Wesl
Siang and Debang Valley districts), Meghala)'~
Sikkim and West Bengal; in freshwater amongst
aquatic vegetation and in bonom ooze; also in
ground and rock mosses grown adjacent to water
bodies.
Remarks : This species is reported for the
first time from Arunachal Pradesh.
I I.
1929.

C~nlropyxJs

sylVlllkll (Deflandre)

C~nlropyxis

atroplttla Denandrc Val.
Denandre. Arch. Prolisl~IIAJ.• 67 : 132.

syitldlled

1955. Ctntropyxi8 sylWJlica Bonnet and Thomas. BII1/. SocHis'. Nal. TOil/oun. 90 ; 415.


Material examined: 4 eu., Sevak pass. lohi..
28.iLI990; 3 exs.. Mayodia, Oebang Vallc),.
19.iiLI999.

DioR'Iosis : Test yellowish or yellowish brown.
in ventral view elliptical. in lateral view test
visible in two distinct parts. of which apertural
region separated from the rest of the lest b) a
perforated diaphragm; apenure eccentric and
elliptical; test chitinous with quanz crystals.
Distribulion: India: Arunachal Pradesh (Lohia
and Debang Valley districts); in moss.
Remarks : This species is reported for Ihe
first time from India.

10. Cenlropyxls spinosa (Cash & Hopkinson)
(90S.

Centropyxis aCIlIt!ala var. spinosa Cash and

Hopkinson. Tile British Freshwuler Rhizupoda und
Heliozoa I : 135.

Genus CyC/OP1xls Denandre
1929. ('"",rop.".'(;s (CyC'lopyxl6) Denandre. ."rd.
Prolisl,nAd.• 61 : )]0 A 161.


Fauna of Arunachal Pradesh, State Fauna Series J3


10

Diagnosis : As in the key to the genus.
12. Cyclopyxis arcelloides (Penard)
1902.

Centropyxis arcel/oides Penard. Fauna Rhiz. du bass
du Leman : 309.

1929.

Centropyxis (Cyclopyxis) arcelloides Deflandre, Arch.
Protistenkd., 67 : 367.

Diagnosis : Test gray, yellow or brown in

colour, circular or largely oval in ventral view and
helnispherical in lateral view, diameter of the
presents material usually 90 J.lm; inferior lip dipping
far into the interior of the test and lips ovarlaping
to such extent that aperture very difficult to
observe.
Distribution : Indra : Arunachal Pradesh

Material exanlined : 3 exs., Nigam village,

Basar, West Siang, 18.ii.1992; 8 exs., Myodia,
Debang Valley, 19.iii.1999.


(Lower Suballsiri and Debang Valley districts) and
West Bengal; in soil and moss.
Remarlq : This species is reported for the

Diagnosis : Test circular in ventral view and

hemispherical in lateral view, brown, chitinous,
covered with small, flat si Iiceous scale like
structures; oral aperture centrally located, circular
in shape, faintly invaginated, about half the
dialneter of that in width.

first time from Arunachal Pradesh.
14. Plagiopyxis minuta Bonnet
1959.

Plagiopyxis minuta Bonnet, Bull. Soc. Hisl. Nat. de
Toulouse. 94 : 177.

Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh (West

Material exanlined : 3 exs., Sevak Pass, Lohit,

Siang and Debang Valley districts), Meghalaya,
Sikkian and Tripura; in Inoss.

18.ii.1990; 8 exs., Myodia, Debang Valley,
19.iii.1999.
'


Renlarks : This species is recorded for the

Diagnosis: Test clear and transparent, circular

first tilne from Arunachal Pradesh:
Genus Plagiop),xis Penard
1910.

Plagiopyxis Penard. Rev. Suisse Zool .• 18 : 936.

in dorsal view and semi-elliptical in lateral view,
diameter 40-45 J.lm.
Distribution : India : Arunachal Pradesh.

(Lohit and Debang Valley districts); in moss.

Diagnosis: Test hem ispherical in dorsal view

Relnarks : Th is species has been collected from

and ovoid in side view, oral aperture linear, lunate,
superior lip without pores.

so i I and rock mosses and reported for the first
tiane from India.

Key to the species

Family DIFFLUGIIDAE
Genus Difflugia Leclerc


1. Test small, diameter 40-45 J.lm, clear and

transparent" circular in dorsal view and semielliptical in lateral view ................... P. minuta

1815.

Difflugia (Parlim) Leclerc.
2 : 474.

- Test of mediulll size, diameter 50-135 Ilm, but
usually 90-110 J.1m, gray, yellow or brown in
colour, circular or largely oval in ventral view
and hemispherical in lateral view .................. .
........................................... P. callida Penard

1958.

Difflugia Gauthier-Lievre and Thomas, Arch.
Prolistenkd.• 103 : 241.

13. Plagiopyxis cal/ida Penard
1910.

Plagiopyxis c:al/ida Penard. Rev. Suisse Zool.. 18 :
936.

Material examined : 5 exs., Indira Park,

Itanagar, Lower Subansiri, 5.ii.1992; 6 exs.,

Myodia" Debang Valley, 19.iii.1999.

I~em.

du Mus. ProtistenJc.,

Diagnosis : Pseudopods finger-like, test
varying from globular to elongate pyriform or
eccentric, oral aperture at the extremity of the
test.

Key to the species
I. Test with collar ............................................. 2
- Test without collar, ovoidal in shape, oral
aperture usually quadrilobed but very often
trilobed ...................................... D. lobostoma


DAS et al. : Protozoa

2. Test spherical to sub-globose, oral aperture
circular ...................................... D. Iithophila
- Test globular or slightly ovoid, oral aperture
characteristically 5 lobed ....... D. Iismorensis

II

17. Difflulla 10boSl01llll (Leidy)
1879.


Difflugia lobostoma Leidy. Freshwater RIII:opods
of North America: 112.

1958.

Difflugla lobostoma : Gauthicr-licvre and fltomas.
Arel/. Proll.rlenltd.• 103 : 368.

15. Difflugia lismorens;s Playfair
19-17.

Difflugia lismorensis Playfair. Proc. Linn. Soc. New
South Wales. 28 : 633.

Material examined: 2 exs., Nigam village,
Basar, West Siang.
Diagnosis: Test globular or slightly ovoid,
formed of quartz particles; oral aperture small,
characteristically 5 lobed and petellifonn, with less
prominent collar.
Di~'lribulion

: India: Arunachal Pradesh (West
Siang district) and West Bengal; in freshwater
amongst vegetation and in bottom ooze.

Material examined : 2 exs., Ganga lake.
ltanagar, Lower Subansiri, IS.ii.I990; 3 exs., Khiti
village, Tirap, 13.iii.1990; 4 exs., Rani beel.
Passighat, East Siang, 12. ii. 1992; 2 exs., Nigam

village, Basar, West Siang, IS.ii.I992.
Diagnosis: Test ovoidal. covered with angular
quartz particles, oral aperture usually quadrilobed
in the form of a cross and sometimes trilobed.
Distribution : Arunachal Pradesh (Lower
Subansiri, Tirap, East Siang and West Siang
districts), Meghalay&, Rajasthan, Tripura and in
West Bengal; in freshwater amongst vegetation
and in bottom ooze.

Remarlcs : The present specimens resemble
D. lismorensis var. quinquelobata described by
Gauthier-Lievre and Thomas (1958) from Africa.
Th is species is reported for the first time from
Arunachal Pradesh.

Remarks : D. lobosloma constitutes first
record for this state.

16. Diffllugia litl,ophila Penard

1. Test variously coloured, with a linle foreign
material at the fundus. an elliptic notch visible
near oral aperture in narrow lateral view .....
........................................................ H.llop~'1J

1902.

Difflugia hydraslaliea var. Ii/hop/lila Pcnard. Fauna
rhi::opodigue due bassin du Leman. Geneva. : 274.


1958. Difflllgia litlrophila Gauthier-Lievre and Thomas.
Arch. Prolislenkd.. 103 : 286.

Material examined : 3 exs., Itan agar, Lower
Subansiri, 18.ii.1990; 2 exs., Rani beel. Passighat.
East Siang, 12.ii.1992.
Diagnol';s : Test ovoid-globular or subglobular
drawn out to the pseudostome in the foran of a
short collar, oral aperture circular, test covered
with well arranged stony particles.
Distribution : India : Arunachal Pradesh
(Lower Subansiri and East Siang districts),
Meghalaya, Tripura and West Bengal; in
freshwater in bottom ooze.
Renlurks : This species is reported for the
first time from Arunachal Pradesh.

Family NEBELIDAE

Key to tbe genera

- Test usually transparen~ compressed withoul
any foreign material and wirh round. o\'al or
irregular plates: oral aperture without any nOlch
as above .............................................. N~~/tI
Genus
1879.

H~',opl~rQ


Ht!llop~rtI

Lcid).
..f n.eril·o : 162.

Leidy

""Sl"~(ller

Rhl:opotb oJ Nonh

Diagllc)l'is : Test variously coloured. with linle
foreign material at the fundus. oral apenu~
elliptical or linear wilh thin lip. an elliplic notch
visible near aperture in narrow lateral vic\\'.
18.
1890.

Ht!It!op~m ros~tI

Penard

Heleop"ru "~a Pcnard. M,... Soc. Pit,,,. rl, lIul
Nal. G,n,Wl", II : 166.


]2

Fauna of Arunachal Pradesh, State Fauna Series /3


1909.

Heleopera rosea : Cash. Wailes and Hopkinson.
British Freshwater Rhizopoda and f1elio:oa. 2 :

141.

Distribution : India : Arunachal Pradesh
(Debang Valley district) and Meghalaya; in moss.
Renlarks : Das et al. (1995) reported this

Material exanlined : 2 exs., Passighat, East
Siang, 7.ii.1992; 2 exs., Mayodia, Debang Valley,
19.iii.1999.

species for the first time from India from mosses
in Meghalaya state. This is the second report of
this species from this subcontinent and obviously
the first record for Arunachal Pradesh.

Diagnosis: Test ovoid-elongate, vinous or rose

coloured, cOlnpressed, Iips yellow or Iight brown;
corners of oral aperture obtusely angular; test
covered with silicious plates.
Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh (East

Siang and Debang Valley districts) and Sikkim; in
Inoss.

Rel11arks : This species is reported for the

first time from this state.
Genus Nebela leidy
1874. Nebela Leidy. Proc. Acad. Phi/ad.. : 156.

Diagnosis : Test usually transparent, Inore or

less cOlnpressed, ovate, pyriform or elongate in
broad view, composed of chitinous circular or oval
platelets of uniform or variable sizes.

20. Nebela tincta (Leidy)
1879.

Hyalosphenia tincta Leidy, Freshwater Rhizopods
of North America : 138.

1906.

Nebela Uncia (Leidy) Awerintzew, SI. Petersburg
Trav. Soc. Nat. 36(2).

Material examined: 5 exs., Myodia, Debang
Valley, 19.iii.1999.
Diagnosis : Test pear-shaped or slightly
pyriform, compressed, transparent, with a small
neck and oval aperture; test composed of
polygonal, round, oval or irregular small platelets
of mixed sizes; two lateral pores present.

Distribution : India : Arunachal Pradesh

(Debang Valley district); in moss.

Key to the species

Remarks : This is a moss dwelling testacid
and recorded for the first time from India.

1. Margin of oral aperture crenulate, test without
any neck or lip ........................ N. dentistonla

Family ?
Genus PI,ryganella Penard

- Test with small neck, oral aperture smooth,
two lateral pores present ................. N. tineta
19. Nebela dentistonla Penard
1890. Nebela dentisloma Penard. Mem. Soc. Phys. et His/.
Nal. Geneva. 31 : 162.
1879.

Nebela col/aris (Parlim) Leidy. Freshwater
Rhi:opods of Norlh America. : pI. 24. tig. 12.

Material examined: 3 exs., Myodia, Debang
Valley, 19.iii.1999.
Diagnosis : Test ovoid to pyrifonn,

compressed, without any neck, margin of aperture

crenulate, test covered with small, circular,
polygonal or oval transparent plates, usually of
uniform size or Inixed with angular plates or short
rods of chitinous or silicious substance.

1902.

Phryganella Penard. Fauna Rhizopodigue du Leman.

Kundig. Geneva : 423.

Diagnosis: Test hemispherical, spheroidal and

ovoid . with sand grains, lninute diatom shells or
other foreign elelnents, aeprture terminal,
pseudopods sharply pointed and radiating.
Renlarks : Deflandre (1959) placed the genus
Phryganella under the suborder Reticulo-Iobosa

mainly based on the shape and nature of
pseudopodia, without assigning any family for this
genus. Subsequently Bonnet and Tholnas (1960)
followed the same classification. The same is also
followed in the present work.
21. P/'ryganella acropodia (Hertwig & Lesser)
1874.

DijJ1l1gia acropodia Hertwig and Lesser. Arch ..Micr.
Anat .. to : 107. pI. 2. tig. 6.



DAS et al. : Protozoa

13

1902. Phryganella hemispherica Penard. Fauna
Rhizopodigue du bassin du Leman. Kundig. Geneva.
: 421. figs. 1-5.

- Test with distinct hyaline collar. denticulate or
lacinate, aperture bordered by a dentate neck
without scale ...................... T'ac"~/eu',yp"a

1960. Phryganella acropodia : Bonnet and Thomas. Fauna
terrestre et d'eau douce. 5 : 43. pI. 4. figs. 81·62.

4. Test ovoid and formed of circular imbricated
silicious scales, aperture circular, oblique and
invaginated ........................................ T,I"~,,,a

Material examined: 6 exs., Indira Park,
Itanagar, Lower Subansiri, 17.ii. J990; Rani beel,
Passighat, East Siang, 12.ii.1992.

Test hemispherical or
subhemispherical in lateral view and circular in
aperture view, yellowish or brownish, covered with
amorphous scales and also with sand grains; oral
aperture large without any invagination, sometimes
bordered with larger grains.

Diagnosis

Distribution : India : Arunachal Pradesh

(Lower Subansiri and East Siang districts), Sikkim
and West Bengal; in moss and also in bottom
ooze of freshwater bodies.
Remarks: This species was reported for the

first time from India by Penard (1907) from the
Sikkim Himalaya and subsequently by Das el 01.
( 1993; 2000) from West Bengal and Sikkim under
the name Phryganel/a hem;spherica.
Class
Order
Family

FILOSEA
GROMIIDA
EUGLYPHIDAE

Diagnosis: Test composed of silicious scales

or plates cemented together; body hyaline,
pseudopodia filiform, often branching, sometimes
anastomosing.
Key to the Genera

1. Aperture termillal .......................................... 2
- Aperture subterminal ..................................... 4

2. Test hyaline, aperture not bordered by any
membrane ...................................................... 3
- Test brown or colourless, aperture bordered
by an irregularly dentate Inembrane ............. .
.......................................................... Assu/lnn
3. Test without any collar, aperture bordered by
regularly arranged serrated or denticulated
scales .............................................. Eug/yp""

- Test ovoid or subcircular and fonned of nonimbricated oval plates, apenure subcircular or
oval and oblique ............................. Cory/ilioll
Genus Assull"a Ehrenberg
1871. Assulina (Par"",) Ehrcnh.:rg. ..fhh ..·UoJ

B~r/In.

246.
1879. Assu/ma leidy.
Amel"C'a. : 224.

P~sh",al~I'

RI,,!opodr o{ ."·orth

Diagnosis: Test brown or colourless. ovoid.

glabrous. compressed. composed of elliptical.
imbricated silicious scales. arranged more or less
regularly in diagonal rows; aperture oval, tcnninal.
truncate or with a short nec~ bordered by a thin

chitinous finely dentate membrane.
22. ,uSuJIIIII

IIIUSCO''''''

1888. Assulina musC'al'um Grccr.
Alarhurg. : 117·118.

Greer

S,,:b~, (j~J

'lclt

1915. Auulina ",us,"oru", : Cash. \\'ailes and Itopkin~.
Th, 8,.,1,sl, f;"sh't'al,r Rh,:opoda and 11,110:011. J

: 55.

Malerial exanlineJ : 4 exs .• Indira

Par~.

ltanagar. Lower Subansiri. I7.ii. 1990; 6 exs.• Scvak
Pass. Lohit. 28.iLI990; 2 exs .• Deban. Changlang.
7.iii.199O; 2 exs .• Passighat. East Siang. 10.ii.I99:!~
4 exs., Yenbung village. West Siang. 14.ii.I992; 4
exs., Myodia. Debang Valley. 19.iii.I999.
Diagnosi.f : Test small. 40-60 J.U1t in length.


colourless. oviform. compressed and truncate
anteriorly at aperture, composed of imbricated oval
scales, usually arranged in aiternaling diagonal
rows, sometimes irregularly; aperture borden:d b)
a thin chitinous rnembrane with undulate or
irregularly denticulate margin .
Dis/ribu/ioll : India : Arunachal Pradesh
(Lower Subansiri, Lohit. Changlang_ East Siang.
West Siang and Debang Valley districts). Sik~in'
and Tripura; in .noss.


14

Fauna of Arunachal Pradesh, State Fauna Series J3

Remarks : This species is recorded for the
first time from Arunachal Pradesh.

Genus Corythion Taranek
1881. Corythion Taranek. Sitzb. bohm. Ges. Wiss .• : 232.
1915. Corythion: Cash. Wailes and Hopkinson. The British
Freshwater Rhi=opoda and Heliozoa. 3 : 96.

Diagnosis : Test small, ovoid or subcircular,
hyal ine, compressed, formed of nonimbricated oval,
silicious plates; aperture subterminal, ventral or
oblique, circular or oval.

oviform, moderately compressed, truncate at

anterior extremity; in narrow view rounded
posteriorly and tapering sharply towards aperture;
aperture oblique, narrowly lenticular.
Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh (Lohit
district) and Sikkim; in moss.
Remarks: This species was found only in one
moss sample and constitutes first record for
Arunachal Pradesh.

Genus Euglypha Dujardin
1841.

Euglypha Dujardin. Zooph. In/us .• : 251.

1962.

Euglypha Decloitre, Arch. Protistenkd.• 106 : 51.

Key to the species
1. Test subcircular or ovoid, aperture ventral ...
....................................................... C. dubium
- Test oviform, aperture subterminal, oblique ...
................................................. C. pulchellum
23. Corytil ion dubium Taranek
1881. Corythion dubium Taranek. Sitzb. bohm.
: 232.

G~s.

Diagnosis : Test hyal ine, ovoid or elongated,

circular or ell iptical in transverse section, formed
of circular, oval or scutiform silicious scales,
arranged in alternating longitudinal rows regularly
imbricated; aperture terminal brodered by serrated
or denticu lated scales.

Wiss.

Key to the species

Corythion dubillm : Cash. Wailes and Hopkinson.
The British Freshwater Rhizopoda and Helio=oa. 3
: 96.

1. Test furnished with cilia, aperture bordered by
8-14 scales, with 3-5 denticulations i'n each
.. ....................................................... E. ciliata

Material e»amined: 6 exs., Sevak Pass, Lohit,
2S.ii.1990; 4 exs., Nigam Village, Basar, West
Siang, IS. ii. 1992; 10 exs., Myodia, Debang Valley,
19.iii.1999.

- Test without cilia or spine, aperture bordered
by variable number of scales without or with
one denticu late projection in each ................ 2

1915.

Diagnosis : Test ovoid, compressed

unsymlTIetrically, aperture circular or oval, ventral,
subterminal and oblique.
Distribution : India : Arunachal Pradesh
(Lohit, West Siang and Debang Valley districts),
SikkilTI and Tripura; in ITIOSS.
Renlarks : This species constitutes first record
for Arunachal Pradesh.

2. Oral aperture bordered with one or two rows
of finely serrated scales ............................... 3
- Oral aperture not bordered with serrated scales,
scales of the test oval, twice as long as broad
and sl ightly imbricated, aperture bordered by 8
non-serrated scales ...................... E. rotunda
3. Scales of the test scutiform, aperture bordered
by two rows of finely serrated scales, having
10-12 scales in each row .......... E. scutigera

24. Corythion pulchellum Penard
1890.

Corythion puichellllm Penard. Mem. Soc. Geneva.
31 : 189.

- Scales of the test circular to broadly oval, oral
aperture bordered by one or two rows of S-l 0
finely serrated scales ............. E. tuberculata

Material examined: S exs., Sevak Pass, Lollit,
lS.ii.1990.

Diagnosis : Test small hyaline; in broad view

25. Euglypha ciliata (Ehrenberg)
1848.

DifJlugia ciliata Ehrenberg. Ber. Acad. Berlin : 379.


DAS et al. : Protozoa
1878. Eug/ypha ciliata Leidy. Proc. Acad. Phi/ad.• : 172.

Material examined : 5 exs., Indira Park,
Itanagar, Lower Subansiri, 17.ii.1990; 2 exs.,
Yembung village, West Siang, 14.ii.1992.
Diagnosis : Test oviform, compressed,
furnished with short needle like cilia, emergins
from margin only or distributed over the entire
surface of the test; aperture oval, bordered by
scales having 3 or 5 serrations in each.
Distribution : India : Arunachal Pradesh
(Lower Subansiri and West Siang districts), Sikkim
and Tripura; in moss.

IS
1915.

Euglypha scutigera: Cash. Hopkinson and Wailes.
The British Freshwater RhIzopoda and HelIOZoa. l
: 7.


Material examined : 4 exs., Indira Park,
ltanagar, Lower Subansiri, 17.ii.I990.
Diagnosis: Test oviform without any cilia or
spine, not compressed; aperture circular, bordered
by two rows of finely krrated scales with one
denticulate projection in each scale. 10-12 scales
in each row; scales of the test scutifonn. disposed
of in alternate longitudinal rows.

Remarks : This species is reported for the
first time from Arunachal Pradesh.

Distribution : India : Arunachal Pradesh
(Lower Subansiri district), Meghalay~ Tripura and
West Bengal.

26. Eu,lypha rotunda Wailes

Remar/cs : This species is reported for the
first time from Arunachal Pradesh.

1911. £ug/ypha rotunda Wailes. Proc. roy. Irish. Acad.• 3.

28. Eug/yp/ta

: 17.
1915.

Euglypha rotunda Cash. Hopkinson and Wailes. The
British Freshwater Rhizopoda and Heliozoa. 3 : 31.


1841.

t~rc,,1JII1I

Dujardin

£ug/yp/rQ tuberculata Dujardjn. loop". Ittfru .• J I

251.

Material examined: 4 exs., Itanagar, Lower
Subansiri t S.ii.1992; 5 exs., Passighat, East Siang,
10.ii.1992; 4 exs., Myodia, Debang Valley.
19.iii.1999.

Material examined : J exs., PaSsigha" East
Siang, IO.ii.1992; 2 exs., Nigam village. Basar.
West Siang, 18';i.I992; S exs., Debang Valley.
19.iii.I999.

Diagnosis: Test oval without any spine, width
of the test about half its length, aperture circular
bordered by a non-serrated scales with one
denticulate projection in each; scales of the test
oval, about twice as long as broad, slightly
imbricated, imbrication of scales of the test
displaying a hexagonal and rectangular pattern on
the surface.


Diagnosis : Test of medium size. elongate
oviform with hemispherical crown and glabrous;
the body scales circular 10 broadty oval in shape,
oral aperture circular, devoid of neck and
broadened by one or two tows of 8. . 10 finel),
serrated scales.

Distribulion : India : Arunachal Pradesh
(Lower Subansiri, East Siang and Debang Valley
districts), Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tripura and West
Bengal; in moss.
Remarks : This species is very common in
moss biotope and recorded for the first time from
Arunachal Pradesh.

27. Euglypha scutigera Penard
1911. Eug/ypha scutigera Penard. Proc. roy. Irish Acad.•
31 : 41·42.

Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh (East
Siang, West Siang and Debang Valley districts).
Meghalaya and West Bengal; in freshwater
amongst aquatic vegetation and also in moss and
Sphagnum.
Remarks : This species is reponed for the
first time from Arunachal Pradesh.

Genus Trac/t~/~",lyp"lI Deflandre
1953.


7raC'htlrugl)'(Jho lknandre.

7hJ",. ZooI.". I(~)

: 113.

Diagnosi.\· : As in the key to the genus.


Fauna of Arunachal Pradesh, State Fauna Series J3

16

30. Trinema complanatum Penard

29. Tracheleuglypha dentata (Vejdowsky)
1832.

Eltg~vpha

dentala Vejdowsky. Threi. Org. Brunnenw.
Prag .. : 38-39.

1890. Sphenodaria dentala Penard. A1em. !.;oc. Geneve.
31(1):185.
1953.

Trache/ellg/ypha denlala (Vejdowsky) Deflandre.
Trailede Zoologie 1(2): 133.


Material examined : 10 exs., Passighat, East
Siang, 16.ii.1992; 6 exs., Myodia, Debang Valley,
19.iii.1999.

1890.

Trinema comp/anatum Penard. Mem. Soc. Geneve,
31 : 187.

Material examined: 10 exs., Myodia, Debang
Valley, 19.iii.1999.
Diagnosis: Test small, hyaline, having nearly
equal width in broad view and tapering sharply
towards the aperture in narrow side view; test
formed of circular, imbricated silicious plates;
aperture circular, oblique, invaginated.

Diagnosis : Test oval or pyriform, scales of
the test circular or elliptical, imbricating, often
presenting a hexagonal design; aperture bordered
by transparent chitinous dentate membrane drawn
out into finger like processes.

Distribution : Arunachal Pradesh (Debang
Valley district) and Sikkim; in moss.

Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh (East
Siang and Debang Valley districts), Sikkim, Tripura
and West Bengal; in moss.


31. Trinema enchelys (Ehrenberg)

Remarks : This species
first time from India.

IS

Remarks : This species is reported for the
first time from Arunachal Pradesh.

1838.

DifJ1ugia enchelys Ehrenberg, In/usiousthierchen :
132.

1878.

Trinema enchelys Leidy, Proc. Acad. Phi/ad., : 172.

reported for the

Genus Trinema Dujardin
1841.

Trinema Dujardin. Zooph. In/us .• : 249.

1915.

Trinema: Cash. Wailes and Hopkinson. The British
Freshwater Rhi=opoda and Helio=oa. 3 : 85.


Diagnosis: Test small, hyaline, unsymmetrical,
oviform or elongate, cOlnpressed anteriorly,
covered with circular silicious plates, oral aperture
circular, oblique or invaginated.

Key to the species

Material examined : 2 exs., Indira Park,
Itanagar, Lower Subansiri, 17.ii.] 990; 2 exs.,
Passighat, East Siang, 10.ii.1992; 4 exs., Nigam
village, ijasar, West Siang, 18.ii.] 992; 5 exs.,
Myodia, Debang Valley, 19.iii.1999.
Diagnosis : Test hyaline, ovoid, compressed
anteriorly, covered with silicious circular plates,
aperture circular, subterminal, oblique, invaginated,
surrounded by very minute scales.
Distribution : Arunachal Pradesh (Lower
Subansiri, East Siang, West Siang and Debang
Valley districts), Meghalaya, Sikkim, Tripura and
West Bengal; in freshwater amongst aquatic
vegetation and in bottom ooze, also in moss.

I. Test having nearly equal width in broad view,
with semicircular ends; in narrow side view
test tapering sharply towards aperture and
covertd with well marked circular plates .....
.............................................. T complanatum

Remarks : This species is reported for the

first time from Arunachal Pradesh .

- Test ovoid to elongate .................................. 2

32. Trinema linere Penard

2. Test ovoid both in broad and narrow views
and covered with easily distinguishable circular
plates ............................................ T enchelys
- Test elongate, slnall, usually homogeneous in
appearance ...................................... T lineare

1890.

Trinema lineare Penard. A/em. Soc. Geneve. 31
187.

Material examined : 10 exs.~ Sevak Pass,
Lohit, 28.ii.1990; Myodia, Debang Valley,
19.iii.1999.


DAS et al. : Protozoa

Diagnosis : Test small, hyaline, elongate,
smooth, composed of small circular plates,
distinguishable near the edges where they may
appear as minute undulations; aperture circular,
oblique, invaginated.
Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh (Lohit

and Oebang Valley districts), Sikkim, Meghalaya,
Tripura and West Bengal; in freshwater amongst
aquatic vegetation and in bottom ooze, also in
moss.
Remarks: This species constitutes first record
for Arunachal Pradesh.
Phylum
Class
Order

CILIOPHORA
KINETOFRAGMINOPHOREA
PROSTOMATIDA

17

Material examined: 2 exs., Khiti village. Tirap.
Il.iiLI990; Rani beel, Passighat, East Siang.
]2.ii.1992.
Diagnosis : Body barrel-shaped, body length
twice the body width; ectoplasmic plates 18-20 in
number; posterior extremity provided with 3
spinous projections; macronucleus spherical. subcentral; contracti Ie vacuole single. located 81
posterior end of the body.
Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh (Tirap
and East Siang districts), Jammu It Kashmir.
Meghalaya~ Rajasthan, Sikkim, Tripura and West
Bengal; cosmopolitan, in freshwater.
Remarks: This species constitutes first record
for Arunachal Pradesh.

Family SPATHIDIIDAE
Genus Splllllid/"", Dujardin

Key to the families
I. Body barrel shaped bearing armoured plates
in longitudinal rows, cytostome at anterior end
surrounded by slightly longer cilia ................. .
.................................................. COLEPIDAE

- Body usually flask-shaped or flattened, with
truncate anterior end, without armoured plates
as above, cytostome slit-like at anterior end on
nonciliated ridge .................. SPATHIDIIDAE
Family COLEPIDAE
Genus Co/eps N itzch
1817. Co/eps Nitzch. Neue Sehrifl. d. naillr/. Ges. in Halle.

J : 3.

1841. Spalhldillm Dujardin. Hista;"
Zoophytes Infusows. Paris. : 678.

Natll"I1~ d~s

1930. Spalhidillm: Kahl. Uri,," onk, ProIO:OII (.n Dahl's
nerwell Disch ). Jena. pl. .8 : 149.

Diagnosis: Flask or sack-shaped, compressed.
anterior part sl ightly narrowed into a nec~ and
truncate, cytostome slit-like, occupying whole of

anterior end. ciliation uniform, contraclile \'8Cuole
posteriorly located.
34. Spmhidi"", "'lIScicoill Kahl
19)0. Spalhidlum musC'Ieola Kahl. .-41'('11, ProIut,,,ld . '70

377.

Diagnosis : Body barrel-shaped, cuticular
surface longitudinally and transversely furrowed,
forming regularly arranged quadrangular
ectoplasmic plates; anterior end truncate,
surrounded by teeth-like projections; posterior end
rounded, often with spinous projections; cytostome
apical, surrounded with slightly longer cilia.
33. Coleps hirtus (Muller)
1786. Cercaria hirlu O. F. Muller. Havnae el LipsDe :

128.
1817. Co/epa hl,.,"s : Nilzch. Neue Schrlfl. d. nailir/. Ges.
in HilI/e. J : 4.

Material exan,i"ed : 4 exs .• Deban. Changlang.
7.iii.1990; 3 exs., Itan agar, Lower Subansiri.
S.ii.1992; 3 exs., Myodia. Debang Vallel.
19.iii.I999.
Diag"osis : Body flask-shaped with truncate
anterior end; cytostome nsnow. slit-like. OCCUP) ing
anterior end almost completely; macronucleus long.
band-shaped. posterior portion of which oftcn
recurved.

Di.vtribulion : India : Arunachal Pradesh
(Changlang, Lower Subansiri and Debang Valley
districts), Sikkim. Tripun and West Bengal; in
ground and rock mosses.


Fauna of Arunachal Pradesh, State Fauna Series J3

18

Relnarks : This species is found only in moss
biotopes and recorded for the first time from
Arunachal Pradesh.

Order
Family

PLEUROSTOMATIDA
AMPHILEPTIDAE

Diagnosis : Body lanceolate, contractile,
cytostome slit-like, located on the convex border
of the anterior part of the body.

Genus Loxophyllum Dujardin
1841.

Loxophyllllm (Partim) Dujardin. Histoire nat. des.
=oophytes infusoires. Paris: 467.


Diagnosis: Body contractile and flexible, leaf-

like, flattened, asymmetrical, pointed at both
anterior and posterior ends, ventral side with a
hyal ine border, extending up to posterior end;
macronucleus a single mass or moniliform.

35. Loxophyl/um n;emeccense (Stein)
1859.

Opislhodon niemenccense Stein. Del' Organismus
del' Infusionsthier. Leipzig. 1.

Material exalnined : 2 exs., Itanagar, Lower

Subansiri, 18.ii.1990; 2 exs., Yembung village,
Along, West Siang, 14.iL) 992.

Diagnosis : Body elongated oval, flattened; a
peristomial groove running transversely from about
anterior fourth of ventral surface at right margin
and provided with thicker cilia along both margins;
cytopharynx at the end of peristome and long; a
peculiar "stripe band" loated on dorsal surface~
macronucleus rounded and contracti Ie vacuole
terminal.

36. Plag;opyla nasuta Stein
1860.


Prague: 58.

Material exanlined : 3 exs., Rani beel,
Passighat, East Siang, 12.ii. I992; 2 exs., Yembung
village, West Siang, 14.ii.1992.
Diagnosis: Body reniform or ovoid, narrower

anteriorly; cytostome situated near median line at
the end of peristome, cytopharynx long;
macronucleus round, contractile vacuole single and
terminal.
Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh (East

and West Siang districts), Orissa and West Bengal;
in fresh and brackish water.

Remarks: This species constitutes first record
for Arunachal Pradesh.

Diagnosis : Body flat, leaf-like, anterior end

acuminate, posterior end somewhat blunt;
Inacronucleus a single nlass or Inoniliform,
contracti Ie vacuole one to many.
Distribution : India : Arunachal Pradesh

(Lower Subansiri and West Siang districts), Orissa,
Sikkim and West Bengal; in freshwater.

Order

Family

COLPODIDA
COLPODIDAE

Diagnosis : Body typically reinform with

distorted ciliary rows; no conspicuous ciliary tuft
present at anterior end.
Genus Colpoda O. F. Muller

Renlarks : This species is recorded for the

first tilne from Arunachal Pradesh.

Plagiopyla nasuta Stein. Sitz .• Bel'. bohn. Ges. Wiss.,

1773.

Kolpoda O. F. Muller. Verminum Terrestrium et
Fluviatilium seu Animalillm Infusorium. etc .. Havniae

Order
Falnily

TRICHOSTOMATIDAE
PLAGIOPYLIDAE

Diagnosis: Body flattened, ciliatiol1 unifonn,


cytostolne central at the end of peristome, located
in the anterior half of the body.
Genus Plagiopyla Stein
1860.

Plagiopyla Stein. Sitz. Bel'. bohn. Ges. Wiss .• Prague

: 57.

et Lipsae. : 56-57.

1791. Co/poda Gmelin. Systema Naturae (ed 13). I : 3894.

Diagnosis : Body kidney shaped, laterally

flattened, anterior end rounded, twisted from left
to right and curved on ventral surface; cytostome
located at ventral depression, leading into
peristomeal cavity and giving rise to a diagonal
groove at dorsal side; a ci Iiated area present in
right edge of cytostome.


DAS et al. : Protozoa

37. Co/poda cucullus (Muller)
1773. Ko/poda cucullus O. F. Muller. Verm;num

Terreslr;um et Fluv;ati!ium seu Animalium
Inlllsorium. etc.. Havnae et Lipsiae. : 58.

1838. Co/poda cueullus Ehrenberg. Die infusionslhierchen
als Volkammene Organismen. Leipzig. : 347.

Material examined : 4 exs., Itanagar, Lower
Subansiri, 18. ii.) 992; 2 exs., Deban, Changlang,
9.iii.1990; 2 exs., Yembung village, West Siang,
14.ii. I992.
Diagnosis : Body typically kidney-shaped,
cytostome located about the middle of the body;
frontal dentations 8-10, meridians 29-34;
macronucleus oval, contractile vacuole single and
posterior.
Distribution : India : Arunachal Pradesh
(Lower Subansiri, Changlang and West Siang
districts). Andhra Pradesh, Assam, Jammu &
Kashmir, Karnataka. Maharashtra, Madhya
Pradesh, Meghalaya, Orissa, Punjab, Sikkim, Tamil
Nadu, Tripura, Uttar Pradesh and West Bengal.
Remarks : This species commonly occurs in
freshwater, soil and ground mosses in India. It
has been recorded from the ground mosses of
Arunachal Pradesh and it constitutes first report
for this state.
Class
Order
Family

OLIGOHYMENOPHOREA
HYMENOSTOMATIDA
GLAUCOMIDAE


Key to the families
I. Oral ciliature characterised by peniculi located
deep in buccal cavity, often with ciliated
vestibule ......................................................... 2

- Tetrahymenal oral ciliature inconspicuous.
vestibule seldom present~ buccal cavity large,
illfraciliary base of second or third
membranellae much wider............................ ..
........................................... GLAUCOMIDAE
2. Prebuccal cavity or "vestibulum" conspicuous
leading to equatorially located buccal cavity;
two peniculi in buccal cavity. cytostome not
expansible, contractile vacuole two ............. ..
.......................................... PARAMECIIDAE

19

- Prebuccal areas shallow or absent, three
peniculi in buccal cavity, cytostome expansible,
contractile vacuole single .............................. ..
.......................................... FRONTONIIDAE
Genus Glaucoma Ehrenberg
1830. Glaucoma Ehrtnberg. Ablrandl. d. Konigl. Alad. d

Wiss,rasch. '" B,rlin. a. d. j .. 1830 (1112, : 42.

Diagnosis : Body ellipsoid, cytostome near
anterior end, extending about one-fourth of the

length of the body and with conspicuous undulating
membrane on right and three membranellae on
left.
38. GlaucollUl pyri/orlllls (Ehrenberg)
1838. L'lIcoplrry, pyriformi,
Ehrenbcfl. Oi,
In/uslonlhitrrh,n als ''oI14ommeM Urg'JnulMn.
312·31l.
1889. Glaucoma p.yriformis (Ehrcnbera' Sc:h~iakofT.
Bibliolh. Zoolor. (Leuckar1 u. Chun). 5 : 35.

Material examined: 4 exs .• Khiti village. Tirap,
13.iiLI990; S exs., Rani bee I, Passighat,. East
Siang, 12.ii.1992.

Diagnosis: Body pear-shaped, narro\\ed but
rounded anteriorly, cytostome near anterior fourth
of the body. oval. elongated in the direction of
long axis of the body and not obliquely placed;
cytopharynx short. provided with finger-shaped_
protrusible undulating membrane. contractile
vacuole single, located near posterior end of the
body; macronucleus rounded and Inon: or Ic~
centrally placed.
Distribution: India: Arunachal Pradesh (Tirap
and East Siang districts), Janlmu & Kashmir and
West Bengal; in freshwater,
Renlar!t." : This species is recorded for the
first time fronl Arunachal Pradesh.
Family

Genus

PARAMECIIDAE
P(fI'tUll~clu", Hill

lI.s,,,,,·

1752. Parllmfcium Bill.
oj A",...,ls ".d"JIIIll Ilk"
s~\'f!rol dcus~s of Aumlll/cu/a ."s,bI~ cNI(. it.•. 'IkClSSU·'''''c.l* ", m,,·NJlCU/W. ~ol. l. COlftpl~'r h,..1\ CJ/
!t'atllrnl 1111101)'. O~bum. Londun. : 'U.