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VOLUME

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NUMBER 2

AMPHIBIAN & REPTILE

CONSERWION

COLOMBIA
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Oxyrhopus petolarius, Yotoco, Reserva

Amphib. Reptile Conserv.

forestal,

2012, Fdo Castro.

1

December 2014 Volume 8
|

|

Number 2 e87
|



Official journal website:

amphibian-reptile-conservation.org

8(2)

Amphibian & Reptiie Conservation
[Special Section]: 1-18; S1-S24 (e87).

Conservation status of the herpetofauna, protected areas,
and current problems in Valle del Cauca, Colombia
^Alejandro Valencia-Zuleta, Andres Felipe Jaramillo-Martmez, Andrea Echeverry-Bocanegra, Ronald Viafara-Vega, Oscar Hernandez-Cordoba, Victoria E. Cardona-Botero, Jaime Gutierrez-Zuhiga,
and Fernando Castro-Herrera
Universidad del

Valle,

Grupo Laboratorio de Herpetologia, Departamento de

Biologia, Cali,

COLOMBIA

—

Abstract In this study, we present an analysis of the conservation status of amphibian and
reptile species by associating the natural protected areas and municipalities with the distribution
of richness in Valle del Cauca. We establish the percentage of species of amphibians and reptiles
in each of the lUCN (International Union for Conservation of Nature) threat categories and assign

local conservation categories to all species, construct distribution maps for the records of species
in relation to their threat status, and analyze the endemic and total number of species in each of
the protected areas. We found that nearly 50% of the species in the Valle del Cauca are under some
degree of risk or threat, that the largest percentage are in the Vulnerable (VU) category, whereas
37% of the fauna is not threatened (Least Concern [LC] and Near Threatened [NT]), and 13% is
categorized as Data Deficient (DD). Although the distribution of species is scattered throughout the
territory, patterns are maintained within the various regions, with areas of greater richness found in
the Pacific region and the cordilleras; the municipalities with the largest number of species under
some level of threat are Buenaventura, Darien, El Cairo, Dagua, Cali, La Cumbre, and Yotoco. The
types of protected areas with the largest number of species are the Reserves Forestales Protectoras
Nacionales (RFPN) 37%, followed by the Parques Nacionales Naturales (PNN) 18%, the Reserves
Forestales Protectoras Regionales (RFPR) 10%, and the Parques Naturales Regionales (PNR) 7.5%;
17% (~ 57 spp.) of the species in the Valle del Cauca have not been recorded in any of the protected
areas, and more than 65% of these are under some type of threat. We consider this study a starting
point for evaluating conservation priorities for the herpetofauna of Valle del Cauca.
.

Key words. Amphibians,

Resumen

.

reptiles, distribution,

lUCN, population

declines, threats

—En este trabajo presentamos un analisis del estado de conservacion de las especies de


anfibios y reptiles relacionando las areas naturales protegidas y los municipios con la distribucion
de riqueza en Valle del Cauca. Establecemos los porcentajes de especies de anfibios y reptiles

en cada categoria de amenaza establecida por UlCN (Union Internacional para la Conservacion
de la Naturaleza) y asignamos categorias de conservacion local a todas las especies, se realizo
mapas de distribucion de los registros de las especies en relacion a los estados de amenaza, y
analizamos el numero de especies totales y endemicas en cada area protegida. Encontramos que
cerca del 50% de las especies en el Valle del Cauca presentan algun grade de riesgo o amenaza,
que la mayor proporcion se encuentra en la categoria vulnerable (VU), mientras que el 37% de la
herpetofauna no se encuentra en riesgo (preocupacion menor [LC] y casi amenazado [NT]) y el 13%
esta categorizada en datos deficientes (DD). Aunque la distribucion es diferencial a lo largo del
territorio, se conservan patrones a lo largo de las regiones, con sitios de mayor riqueza en la region
pacifica y las cordilleras; y los municipios con mayor numero de especies con algun grado de
amenaza son Buenaventura, Darien, El Cairo, Dagua, Cali, La Cumbre y Yotoco. Los tipos de areas
protegidas con mayor numero de especies son las Reservas Forestales Protectoras Nacionales
(RFPN) 37%, seguidas por los Parques Nacionales Naturales (PNN) 18%, Reservas Forestales
Protectoras Regionales (RFPR) 10%, y los Parques Naturales Regionales (PNR) 7.5%; el 17% (~
Correspondence.

Email: ^alejandwvalencia08@ gmail.com (Corresponding author, Alejandro Valencia-Zuleta).

Amphib. Reptile Conserv.

2

December 2014 Volume 8

Number 2 e87
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Valencia-Zuleta et

al.

57 spp.) de las especies del Valle del Cauca no se han registrado en ningun tipo de area protegida
y mas del 65% de ellas presents algun tipo de amenaza. Consideramos este trabajo un punto de
partida para evaluar prioridades en la conservacion de la herpetofauna vallecaucana.
Palabras claves. Anfibios,

reptiles, distribucion,

UICN,

declive poblacional, amenazas

Citation: Valencia-Zuleta A, Jaramillo-Martmez AF, Echeverry-Bocanegra A, Viafara-Vega R, Hernandez-Cordoba O, Cardona-Botero VE, GutierrezZuniga J, Castro-Herrera F. 2014. Conservation status of the herpetofauna, protected areas, and current problems in Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
Amphibian & Reptiie Conservation 8(2) [Special Section]: 1-18; S1-S24 (e87).

Copyright:

© 2014 Valencia-Zuleta et

al.

This

an open-access


is

Commons Attribution-NonCom-

under the terms of the Creative

article distributed

official

any medium,
and authorized

official

journal website

mercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use for non-commercial and education purposes only,

provided the original author and the
publication credit sources, which

will

and authorized publication sources are recognized and properly credited. The
be duly enforced, are as follows: official journal title Amphibian & Reptile Conservation,
official

in


<amphibian-reptiie-conservation.org>.

Received: 12 March 2014; Accepted: 24 November 2014; Published: 09 December 2014

ferent levels can assign to protected areas, however,

Introduction

still

have not been implemented in the country (Vasquez and

Many
cline

populations of amphibians and reptiles are in de-

(Mendelson

et al.

2006;

Bohm et

al.

SeiTano 2009). Currently, 197 reserves of

2013), primar-


and

species, diseases,

2001; Stuart

et al.

2007; Rovito

illegal trafficking

2004; Mendelson

et al.

2009;

Bohm

types exist

in the Valle del Cauca; three natural national parks are the

of habitat loss, climate change, introduced

ily as a result

all


most important because of their large

size

and location in

(Young

et al.

areas of high herpetofaunal diversity, in the dpto and in

2006;

Wake

the country

et al.

et al. 2013).

Estimates

—

the “Cordillera Occidental” (= the Western

Cordillera) and the


15-36% of the world’s species of reptiles
threatened (Bohm et al. 2013), and according to Stu-

“Regibn Pacifica” (= Pacific Region)

indicate that

(Cardona et

are

are present in these areas, as their biological patrimony

art et al.

(2004) 22.5% of the species evaluated by

lacked sufficient information to evaluate their

though the

lUCN

lUCN

status.

2013); environmental problems, however,


al.

has not been fully elucidated (Patino 2010).

Al-

Valle del

standardized the use of categories that

Cauca

is

one of the dptos with the greatest

have not been evaluated or lack the necessary

amount of herpetofaunal species richness (333 species),
which represents 24% of the amphibian and 25% of the
reptile species recorded from the country (Cardona et
al. 2013). We are unaware, however, of the number of

information for conducting an assessment; in the case of

threatened species in the dptos, or plans for their con-

can be applied to any taxon and has attempted to catalogue the majority of species
cies


still

reptiles,

59%

(lUCN

2012),

many

spe-

of the species have not been assessed.

book of amphibians, Castro-H and
Bohvar-G (2010) included 68 species under some type of
servation. In a red

In Colombia, in addition to the above mention factors that threaten populations of

amphibians and reptiles

threat,

(Rueda 1999; Ruiz and Rueda-A 2008; Velasquez et al.
2008; Isaacs and Urbina 2011; Urbina 2011; Urbina et
al.


of amphibians in Valle de Cauca provided by CoiTedor et
al.

2011; Vargas and Amezquita 2013), the social prob-

lem associated with

the planting and eradication of

and along with an action plan for the conservation

(2010); these publications are considered pioneer ef-

programs usu-

forts in conseiwation; in general, research

ally are

illicit

crops threatens the fauna because of the destruction of

developed separately and independently.

The objective of

this

paper


is to

present an analysis

primary forests and the use of pesticides such as Glifo-

of the conservation status of the species of amphibians

sato (Arroyo

and reptiles by associating the natural protected areas and

A

and Lynch 2009; Brain and Solomon 2009).
mining crisis also has developed in the country, where

municipalities with the distribution of richness in Valle

people for economic pur-

del Cauca, as a starting point for evaluating conservation

mining permits are granted

to

poses while the long-term impact on the environment


caused by these
res 2006;

activities is

priorities for the

herpetofauna of this region.

ignored (Mancera and Alva-

UPME 2007; Hernandez et al.

2013).

In response to these problems, early in the 1930s

Materials

and Methods

“areas naturales protegidas” (= natural protected areas)

were designated in the country, which led

to the

Study area

fomia-


tion of “zonas forestales protectoras” (= protected forest
areas) in the department (dpto= a territorial division

Colombia

m

autonomy in the administration of replanning, and the promotion of economic

that has

gional issues,

and social development within

its

territory

Cauca is a dpto in southwestern Colombia that
of 42 municipalities (Eig. 1) with a total surface

Valle del
consists

area of 22,142 km^;

under the


including very

it

contains a diversity of landscapes,

humid

warm

terms established by the Constitution) of Valle del Cauca

vial forests in

(decree 1393/40). Regulations for deteimining the exact

forests,

management

that range in elevation

categories that competent authorities at dif-

Amphib. Reptile Conserv.

3

tropical forests,


transition, dry

and lowland montane

premontane plu-

and very dry tropical

montane forests
to 4,000 m. This

to pluvial

from sea

level

December 201 4 Volume 8 Number 2 e87
I

I

I


Conservation status of the herpetofauna

in

Colombia

were scored from 0

dpto has allocated 233,889 ha for parks and natural re-

areas. All these criteria

which because of their ecological importance and
abundance of natural resources have been established in
various strategic ecosystems and protected areas (Gomez

0 means no risk in the particular

serves,

et al.

and 4

is

unknown

where

high

risk,

(see supplemental material at


am-

criteria, 3

phibian-reptile-eonservation.org for the definition of
the score in each criteria).

2007).

for each species,

Sources

to 4,

of information

it

Based on the data obtained

calculated the weighted average

for the different natural groups (amphibians, lizards,

and snakes), and assigned a pereentage in the
In updating their

Cauca, Cardona


on the herpetofauna of Valle del

score to each criteria according to the natural group,

(2013) considered the following:

because the same

list

et al.

ral
•

Geographic

data:

es, field notes,

Obtained from bibliographic sourc-

some of

and online databases from the

follows:

at the


With the

weighted average of each species, these were assigned
to

Naturales (ICN), and the National

does not affect each natu-

for the percentage assigned in each criteria).

and biological collections of amphibInstitute

criteria

group in the same way (see supplemental material

ians and reptiles at the Universidad del Valle (UV-C),

History

final

de Ciencias

Museum of Natural

3.0,


Smithsonian Institution (USNM).

the categories proposed

LC

0-1.4,

NT

CR 3. 1-3.3, DD

tified

1. 5-2.0,

by the lUCN,

VU 2. 1-2.6, EN 2.7-

3.4^.0. Each category was jus-

lUCN

aecording to the appendix of the

(2012),

Ad-


especially considering the threats to each species.
•

Threat category (species recorded from the dpto were
catalogued using the following
in speeies, deaths

ditionally, the threat status for

traffic

or

lUCN Red

by

humans, distribution within the dpto (eco-regions,
localities, life zones),
tats,

books of amphibians and rep-

Colombia (Castano-M 2002; Rueda-A et al.
2004), and the red book of amphibians from Valle del
Cauca (Castro-H and Bohvar-G 2010).

occurrence in disturbed habi-

tiles in


publications, and the presence of species in protected

map of Valle del Cauca (Colombia). North:

List of Threatened Species (http://www.

iuenredlist.org/), the red

frequency of observation, number of citations in

Fig. 1. Political

each species reported

from the dpto was examined by searching through the

criteria): trafifieking

caused by vehicular

as

El Aguila (AGE), El Cairo (CR), Ansermanuevo (ASN), Argelia (ARG),

Cartago (CTG), Ulloa (ULA), Alcala (ACL), Toro (TR), Versalles (VRSL), Obando (OBD), La Union (UN), El Dovio (DV), Rolda-

(RDNL), La Victoria (VTR), Zarzal (ZRZ), Bolivar (BLV); East: Sevilla (SVL), Caicedonia (CDN); Middle: Bugalagrande
(BGG), Tmjillo (TIE), Andalucia (ADL), Rio Erio (RE), Tulua (TL), San Pedro (S/PD), Yotoco (YTC), Darien (DR), Buga (BG),
Guacari (GCR), Ginebra (GNB), Vijes (VJ), Restrepo (RTP), Cumbre (CMB), El Cerrito (CRT); South: Palmira (PMR), Yumbo

(YMB), Cali (CL), Candelaria (CDR), Pradera (PDR), Elorida (ERD), Jamundi (JMD); West: Buenaventura (B/tura), Dagua (DG).

nillo

Amphib. Reptile Conserv.

4

December 2014 Volume 8
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Number 2 e87
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Valencia-Zuleta et

•

Protected areas: Each species
to geographic location

was recorded according

al.

Manejo Integrado (DM1) is a geographical space where landscapes and ecosys-


Distrito de

•

and the use of bibliographic

resources on protected areas within the dpto, consid-

tems retain

ering the important areas with a wide extension and

though

with the ability to hold a great diversity of herpeto-

whose

The definition of protected areas were defined
based on the Decree-Law 622 of 1977 and 2372 of
2010 of the National Government (in parentheses the
areas that were chosen in this work):

set to

fauna.

•

Parques Nacionales Naturales (PNN)


is

composition and function,

their structure

natural

al-

have been modified and

and cultural associated values are

reach the

human population who allocated

their sustainable use, preservation, restoration,

knowledge, and enjoyment (La Plata and Enclave Subxerofitico Atuncela).

an area

•

of great extent permitted ecological autoregulation

their


its

and whose ecosystems in general have not

Each species was recorded based on
documented geographic location within the mu-

Munieipalities:

nicipalities of the dpto.

been substantially altered by human exploitation

Analysis of the Data

or occupation, where plant and animal species,

geomorphological

resorts, historical or cultural

The species distribution model for each threat category
was performed using all the records collected from the

events have scientific, educational, aesthetic

and recreational value and

their perpetuation is


management regime
Las Hermosas, Uramba-

(Farallones de Cali,

Earth 7.1.2.2014; these models were constructed in

Santuario de Flora y Fauna (SFF) is dedicated to
preserving wildlife species or plant conununities to

(Isla

we used

is

Mal-

a regional

geographic area where landscapes and

strate-

gic ecosystems, maintain their structure,

The

position and function.


values are associated with

com-

natural and cultural

human

for preservation, restoration,

disposition

knowledge, and

Reservas Forestales Protectoras (RFP)

is

graphical area where forest ecosystems main-

and

composition have been modified and associated natural values are accessible to the

population to

who

into aeeount.


The percentages of amphibian and reptile species for
each threat status was determined, and through histograms indicate the endemic number of species and total
number of species in each of the protected areas.

a geo-

tain their function, although their structure

2006). For this work,

the 19 climate layers of the

above 0.5 taken

enjoyment (La Sierpe and Paramo del Duende).
•

al.

WorldClim project
(www.worldclim.org, spatial resolution of 30 arc second
or ~ 1 km^). To evaluate the predictive ability of the models generated, the Area Under the Curve (AUG) score was
taken into account. The AUG is a ranked approaeh for assessing model fit, which determines the probability that
a presence loeation will be ranked higher than a random
background location (Phillips et al. 2006). The predietion
models generated by MAXENT were mapped in ArcGIS
10.1 (ESRI 2013), with only the detection probabilities

pelo).


Parque Natural Regional (PNR)

3.3.3a.

data were available (Phillips et

preserve genetic resources of native flora

and fauna (Decreto 622 de 1977),

Max-

The software generated models ustheory of maximum entropy only when presence

Ent Version
ing the

•

using Google

different

Bahia Malaga, Tatama).
•

museums and georeferenced

subjected to an appropriate


Results

human
Status of threats to the herpetofauna

allocated their preservation,

sustainable use, restoration, knowledge, and en-

Approximately

(RFPN) (Amaime, Anchicaya,
San Cipriano and Escalerete rivers, Bosque de

some degree of risk or threat. The majority of amphibians

forests, national

Yotoco,

Dagua,

Cali,

Tulua,

Sonso-Guabas,

(Bitaco and Frayle-Desbaratado) protection.


Reserva Natural (RN)

is

of the species in the dpto showed

(60%) are in one of the threat categories, with the Vulnerable (VU) containing the most species (59), followed by
the Critically Endangered (CR) and Endangered (EN),
each with 29, and 27 in the Near Threatened (NT) (Fig.
2 A) categories. Conversely, more than one-third of the

Cerro Dapa-Carisucio) and regional (RFPR)

•

51%

joyment. In this type of protected area are the

an area in which undis-

show some degree of risk, with those in
the NT and VU containing the largest number of species
(38 in each), followed by the EN (14), and a few (six) in
the CR (Fig. 2B) categories. Of the remaining herpetofaunal species in the dpto, 17% show no risk (EC), and

reptile species

turbed conditions exist or have undergone mini-


mal human disturbanee of flora, fauna, and soil,
and it is intended for conseiwation, research, and
study of its natural wealth (Laguna de Sonso).

14% are Data Deficient (DD;

Amphib. Reptile Conserv.

5

see supplemental material).

December 2014 Volume 8 Number 2 e87
|

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Conservation status of the herpetofauna

in

Colombia

VU EN CR DD

® LC m NT


= Amphibians, (B) =

Fig. 2. Threat status of the percentage of herpetofaunal species in Valle de Cauca: (A)

Eighty percent of the amphibian families contain species

under some level of

threat,

in the family Craugastoridae in
ries.

In general, the

NT

with

40%

dillera

and in the Interandean Valley

species are found in

of the species


Reptiles.

two important

(Fig. 3C).

EN

The

areas, the Pacific re-

gion and the western Cordillera in the northern part of the

one of the threat catego-

species are represented mostly

dpto; in the central Cordillera, a

few representatives

are

and

in the families Craugastoridae, Centrolenidae, Hylidae,

found in the high elevation areas of


Dendrobatidae, and Leptodactylidae. In addition, more

Buga, to the north, and Palmira, Pradera, and Florida, to

than one-half of the

VU

species are in the family Crau-

gastoridae; in particular, the

the

VU

and

EN

the south (Fig. 3D).

The

distribution of the

same pattern and include the families Craugastoridae,

tral


and western Cordilleras and groups of Pristimantis

in highland areas of the western

CR

species are grouped in the Craugas-

in addition, the centrolenids

toridae, Bufonidae,

and Centrolenidae, families with the

in the western Cordillera

70%

of the

Significantly, the

of the family Hemiphractidae, which are restricted to the

dpto, but

EN

categories (Fig. 3F).


and CR. As with the amphibians, most families of

(84%) contain species under some level of threat.
In particular, most of the threatened species are in the
families Colubridae, Dactyloidae, Dipsadidae, and Gymnophthalmidae, with most in the NT and VU categories.
Over 30% of the NT species are in the family Colubridae,
followed by the Dipsadidae and Dactyloidae, whereas
the VU species are mostly in the Dactyloidae and Dipsadidae. The majority of EN species are in the families
Colubridae, Dipsadidae, and Gymnophthalmidae. Eurthermore, the CR species are represented by one species

In particular,

reptiles

Herpetofaunal richness

and the Pacific region

(Fig. 3E).

similar patterns to species in the threat

90%

of the municipalities in Valle del

est

La Cumbre (19), and Yotoco (11) contain the greatnumber of species under some level of threat (Fig.


4).

A

(42),

similar pattern

was found

in these municipalities,

where the majority of species fall into the VU category,
followed by the EN, and last by the CR, with the only
exceptions in the municipalities of Cali and La Cumbre.
The municipalities of Buenaventura (six amphibians,
five reptiles), El Cairo (10, zero), and Darien (eight, one)
contain the largest number of CR species.

The modeling of the maps present an AUC of 0.7540.83, indicating a better performance than the random
et al. 2001).

and dendrobatids are found

Cauca contain one species in at least one of the threat categories, whereas 62% of the municipalities contain more
than two species. The municipalities of Buenaventura
(82 species), Darien (61), El Cairo (51), Dagua (45), Cali

each family, except for the Dactyloidae.


models (Manel

show

and central Cordilleras;

DD species are distributed all along the

greatest risk of losing species, along with representatives

in

CR species is

important, based on the presence of Atelopus in the cen-

species follow

Centrolenidae, Dendrobatidae, and Hylidae. Significantly,

Sevilla, Tulua,

is

scattered throughout Valle del Cauca, but the areas (see

Cardona-B.

et al.


The herpetofauna and protected areas

[2013] to define ecoregions in the Valle

amount of richness are the
Cordilleras (Fig. 3 A). The NT spe-

del Cauca) with the greatest
Pacific region
cies

and the

show a wide

numfollowed by

Protected areas in Valle del Cauca with the greatest

RFNP (228 species),
RFPR (60), PNR (45), DMI

ber of species are the

distribution along the western Cordil-

and

the


PNN

(120),

cover a large area along the Interandean Valley and the

RN

(21),

and the area with the

lera (specifically in the northern

Pacific (Fig. 3B).
foothills

The

VU

and central

area),

species are found along the

(three species of reptiles).

and northern and central portions of the western


the

number

The majority of the

RFPN and the PNN are in the VU,

and

the

SSF

is

species in

and in the remain-

ing areas most of the species are in EC, except for the

Cordillera, but are less represented in the central Cor-

Amphib. Reptile Conserv.

least

(34),


6

December 2014 Volume 8
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Valencia-Zuleta et

Fig. 3. Distribution
species, (C)

SEE

maps

VU species,

(Eig. 5).

The

most documented areas

for the richness of herpetofauna in the


(D)

EN species,

(E)

CR species,

areas that protect the largest

al.

and (E)

number of

in Valle del Cauca. (A) richness, (B)

NT

DD species.
Endemic species

REPN (162 species),
and the PNR (25), and the

species in a threat category are the
the


PNN (84), the REPR (37),

areas that protect the least

SEE
dpto,

(13, four,

17%

and

numbers

are the

three, respectively).

Nineteen endemic species are found in the dpto, which

DMI, RN, and

represents only

Throughout the

represent the largest

(~ 57 spp.) of the species are not found in a


more than 65% of those fall into one
of the threat categories (NT = four, VU =10, EN = seven,
and CR = 15). In addition, information is not available

31%

The protected

of these species (DD).

the largest

number of

species

is

(183 species), followed by the

the

PNN

REN

and

VU


number of species

DD. With

with

75%

in

15%

are categorized as

regard to the threat categories for reptiles,

three species are in the

area with

(13),

CR (six species), EN (three),

(two); the remaining

CR, and

DD


the other three are

because they lacked sufficient information for an assess-

de Anchicaya

ment

Earallones de Cali

(Eig. 6).

The endemic

species are distributed in four

types of protected areas, the

REPN of the rivers San Cipriano and Escalerete
and the REPR de Bitaco (49).

contain a high

(84),

ing that the

7


PNN

and the REPN, which

number of species, and it is worth notPNR el Paramo del Duende and the SPP Isla

(90), the

Amphib. Reptile Conserv.

of the species diversity. Amphibians

one of the threat categories:

protected area, and

for

6%

December 2014 Volume 8
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|


Conservation status of the herpetofauna


Colombia

in

BVU DEN bCR
Fig. 4. Municipalities in Valle del

Cauca with

(C) Cali, (D) Darien, (E) El Cairo, and (E)

the greatest

number of species

in the threat categories: (A) Buenaventura, (B)

Dagua,

La Cumbre.

we show

de Malpelo are the types of areas with the greatest num-

and Bolivar-G (2010),

ber of endemic species. Only four species (Pristimantis


in the

diaphonus, Anomaloglossus atopoglossus, Nymphargus

(12),

armatus, and Geophis betaniensis) are not found in any

disappearance has increased in certain species, which

of these areas.

troublesome.

Discussion

The lack of a threat status among the reptiles results
from insufficient basic ecological information and the

number of

and

CR

species in the

NT (one)

a significant increase


EN

(11),

VU

(10),

categories, indicating that the risk of
is

actual distribution of their populations (Urbina-Cardona

Conservation status of amphibians and reptiies

2008), for which an evaluation of the threat status has

focused on specific species or groups

The need to recognize

(e.g.,

the red

book

of reptiles in Colombia), and thus has become a problem


the status of a species in a specific

For

area should be considered baseline information for devel-

for planning conservation strategies.

oping studies and management plans for its conservation.

status of populations of reptile species in a given area has

The lUCN

been proposed

categorizations are generally applied globally

as a

mechanism

to

this reason, the

change

and


attitudes

for each taxon to determine the status of a species at the

generate interest in preserving these organisms (Dodd

and are considered advanced

2001), the protection and restoration of large areas these

local or regional levels,

on

organism inhabit (Roe

and Bolfvar-G. 2010); information

studies (Castro-H.

et al.

2004; Franga and Araujo

certain species (e.g., population status, natural his-

2006), species-specific information, field studies, de-

tory) is necessary to elicit an approximate categorization.


mographics, natural history, and possible threats (Cagle

Records for the

DD

species

(13% of

the species in this

2008; Fifes

(some are only known from

tions),

and thus

it is

species

(60%)

in

in Valle del Cauca, so that


their original descrip-

resents nearly one-half of the total herpetofauna of the

in the dpto; in

show a moderate

history allow

medium

first to

assess

many cases,
them

affect their

many

to avoid these conditions.

cause the current status of

8

abundance


characteristics of their natural

The conservation of snakes remains

term (VU). In comparison with the results of Castro-H

Amphib. Reptile Conserv.

a local

effective strategies can

the

is

might make them vulnerable and

one of the threat categories, which rep-

risk of extinction or population decline over the

is

species of reptiles, and in spite of their low density threats

a high proportion of amphibian

dpto, and the majority of these species


more

be accomplished. This study

not possible to determine their status.

The dpto contains

2013). Significantly, this study

proposal that easily addresses the status of reptile species

study) are not well represented in herpetological collections

et al.

many

subjective, be-

species remains un-

December 2014 Volume 8
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Number 2 e87
|



Valencia-Zuleta et

al.

A

Fig. 5.

The herpetofauna of Valle

del

Cauca according

to (A)

in each type of protected area.

Fig. 6.

Endemic

species listed according to (A) threat category, and (B)

known. According to Lynch (2012), these animals are
some of the most threatened because their deaths are
provoked by people living in rural areas, vehieles traveling on highways, the loss of habitat, climate change,
and illegal traffieking. Vargas et al. (2011) showed that

even in a protected area such as the RFPN Bosque de
Yotoeo (Valle del Cauea), some snakes are vulnerable to
the effects of roads on account of the prolonged amount
of time that deaths by vehicles have been caused, considering the low density of populations and small size of

by protected areas

in Valle del Cauca.

anthropogenic pressures, and thus certain species have
^

been
la,

affected.

Moreover, municipalities such as El Agui-

Ulloa, El Dovio, Versalles, Ansermanuevo, Elorida,

Pradera, Palmira, El Cerrito, Buga, Tulua, and Sevilla,

among

others, laek adequate

sampling and are under-

represented in collections, and the few data available


from these municipalities correspond

to widely distrib-

uted generalist species, such as colubrid and dipsadid

snakes that because of their high dispersal

abilities

easily adapt to anthropogenic environments,

and thus are

categorized as

the reserve.

EC (Adams

1994). Conservation efforts,

therefore, should be foeused in habitats influeneed

Threatened species
protected areas

in


the municipaiities and

for species in the different threat categories.

their considerable size

and

number of threatened
et al.

refleets the pressures

and Dagua contain a large

species of both groups (Cardona

2013); however, these areas are the focal point of

Amphib. Reptile Conserv.

distribution of the threat categories in the dpto

on the categorized species; for example, a large number of CR species are in the genus
Atelopus and most of these are distributed in the two
Cordilleras, and like their eongener speeies possibly have
been seriously affected by chytridiomicosis (Bonaccorso

strategic loca-


tion in high diversity life zones, municipalities such
as Buenaventura, El Cairo,

by the

western versant of the central Cordillera, important areas

The
Because of

ean

9

December 2014 Volume 8
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|


Conservation status of the herpetofauna

in

Colombia

Hypsiboas picturatus, Buenaventura, San Cipriano, 2003, Fdo Castro.


and Guayasainin 2003; Sanchez

et al.

2008; Coloma et

al.

2010). In addition, the fragmentation and loss of habi-

tat

due

to

human

activities

compared
tial

have affected certain sensitive

Andean

Cordilleras (Hutter et


traf-

2010).

Additionally, in evaluating natural groups the “Siste-

ratorio

de Herpetologia de

la

Universidad del Valle has

mas Municipales de Areas Protegidas” (Municipal

been conducting inventories from 1978

System of Protected Areas; SIMAP) and the “Sistemas
Nacionales de Areas Protegidas” (National System of
Protected areas; SINAP) have centered in municipalities
such as Buenaventura, Cali, Dagua, La Cumbre, El Cairo, Darien, and Yotoco in an effort to better understand
the conservation status of species in these areas, and to
promote the monitoring of populations of these organisms. Furthermore, a network of community reserves is

and recorded a large

list

longer being reported from the area (Castro et


preserving natural spaces

is

of protection and legal regulation that limit or prohibit
the development of productive or extractive activities

(Vasquez and Serrano 2009),

state policies are

and we suggest studying and monitoring the natural

by means of the
autonomous corpora-

are found in

PNN because of three factors:

of the

REPN

(CVC

2012); although

(ca.


154,091 ha)

Amphib. Reptile Conserv.

is

REPN, such

REPN

Cauca, several

CR

species undergo-

ing population pressures were found in the

their conservation.

A greater number of species
in the

tions. In Valle del

threatened and endemic species in

promote


necessary

to guarantee the conservation of important ecological

environmental authority granted to

this area in order to

2007).

the use of specific forms

de los Paraguas (which were not included in our analy-

many

al.

In spite that one of the most effective methods for

areas (Castro-H and Bohvar-G. 2010)

populations of

until the present

of species, of which some are no

present in the municipality of El Cairo, in the Serrania


sis),

REPN

Region (Cardona et al. 2013); and
(3) extensive research projects have been conducted in
several of these areas, for which many bibliographic references are available and a large number of specimens
are present in collections, such as in the REN del Bosque
de Yotoco, in which the research group from the Labo-

ficking and collection for scientific studies (Castro-H and
et al.

part of the territory; (2) several reserves in the dpto

rivers in the Pacific

al.

2010). Besides these pressures, several species have ex-

Bolivar-G 2010; Corredor

represents a substan-

of Anchicaya, and of the San Cipriano and Escalerete

2013) and in the Pacific region (Castro-H and Bolivar
perienced a population decline as a result of illegal


it

are located in areas of great richness, such as the

species (like the centrolenids and dendrobatids) principally distributed in the

to other types of areas

as

Oophaga lehmani,

in

PNN and the

which the principal

causes for decline in protected areas are the loss of habi-

than

and

2007), a clear example

(1)

an extensive area


tat

lies in

Valle del Cauca,

of not applying the articles of the Codigo de Recursos

PNN,

Naturales Renovables y Proteccion del Medio Ambiente

not larger than that of the

10

illegal trafficking (Avila

December 2014 Volume 8
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|


Valencia-Zuleta et

al.


Bolitoglossa medemi, Buenaventura, Bendiciones, 2011.

Oophaga

Strobomantis

Agalychnis

ruizi, Trujillo,

Andinapolis, 2010.

histrionica, Buenaventura, Anchicaya, 2000.

spurelli,

Buenaventura, san Cipriano, 2003.

Andinobates bombetes, Darien, Lago Calima, 2005.

Diasporus gularis, Buenaventura, Bazan, 2010.

Gastrotheca antomia, Dagua, Alto Queremal, 1993, Extinct.

Pristimantis achatinus, Buenaventura, Bazan, 2010.

Amphib. Reptile Conserv.

11


December 2014 Volume 8
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|


Conservation status of the herpetofauna

Colombia

in

{Code of Renewable Natural Resources and Environmental Protection; CRN). A similar situation exists with

in southwestern

other species of amphibians and reptiles that are under

2005), which threatens the natural populations.

sidered the most trafficked pet trade vertebrate species

Colombia (Galvis-R. and Corredor-L.

great pressure in protected areas of Valle del Cauca, such


Although the loss of biological diversity in Colombia

mentioned previously and including mining,

has been studied for several years, and plans for the man-

as the ones

death caused by humans, and pesticide contamination

agement of threatened species

from the fumigation of

list

illicit

crops,

which

illustrates a

that include a prioritized

of amphibians (Castro-H and Bolivar 2010) have

lack of control in these protected areas. In addition, the


been implemented

current laws in these areas and the reasons for proposing

ditional actions

them are not clear, such as for preservation, conservation,
and ecotourism, and in some areas they could supersede

cies in Valle del

their carrying capacity.

et al.

at the

regional and national levels, ad-

and research are

Cauca

still

Some

required.

that appear in the


spe-

lUCN category

of LC, such as Gastrotheca argenteovirens (Rarmrez-P.

Castro-H and Bohvar-G (2010) indicated that with-

2004) mdAnolisfraseri (Castaneda et

at risk

and others

listed as

VU, such

al.

2011), are

as Centrolene geck-

of speciation, and that these unique areas are of great

oideum (Bolivar et al. 2004) and Gastrotheca antomia
(Castro and Lynch 2004), have not been reported from
the dpto in recent years, which suggests a subjectivity


importance because they contain endemic species. The

in analyzing the threat category in these species, espe-

endemic species

cially

in the great variety of habitats

found in the dpto those

with specific characteristics became inclusive centers

in these areas could easily disappear

on account of an environmental

threat,

because of their

specialized requirements and limited distribution.

on a regional

difficulty in locating

The


organisms such as caecilians must

be considered, and thus

their threat status is difficult to

lUCN, most

size of their distributional range is indispensable for their

determine. According to the

conservation, and these species should be included in at

cilians are categorized as

where conditions are stable,
so there is less potential for risks and their populations
can continue to develop (Rueda-A. et al. 2004). These
requuements are necessary for their preservation, but it
is worth noting that four endemic species {Nymphargus
armatus md Anomaloglossus atopoglossus [CR], Pristimantis diaphonus [EN]; and the snake Geophis betaniensis [DD]) are not found in any of protected areas designated by the government and/or autonomous regional

guntheri and Oscaecilia polizona) as

least

one


state protected area

corporations

(CAR = Institutions

implementing the

policies, plans,

and

basis. Also, the fossorial habits

LC

species of cae-

and two species {Caecilia

DD; however, on

a local scale and considering the lack of information for

these organisms, not enough data

is

available to establish


a category in the dpto, as reflected in the family Caeci-

might appear

liidae. Similarly, other species

stable, but

with additional data and the implementation of manage-

ment plans

their threat status

might be updated so

comply with

protected areas will be able to

that

their func-

tion and agreements, in addition to the implementation of

management plans

medium, and long terms
that are in place but have not been assumed by the environmental authority (CAR del Valle del Cauca, CVC),

where all the stakeholders are included.

that are responsible for

programs, and projects

on environment and renewable natural resources. Also,
they give a full and application to current legal provisions, under the regulations, standards, and guidelines issued by the ministry of environment), which makes them
even more susceptible to threats.

for the short,

Conclusions

Global categorization vs local situations

One -half of the herpetofauna of Valle del Cauca is under
some degree of threat, which is important for the conser-

Many

vation of this fauna, mainly in two areas in the western

species of continental turtles and crocodilians

are sacrificed for

consumption of

and commercialization of


their

meat and eggs,

Pacific region (municipality of Buenaventura)

on western Cordillera (municipality of Cairo). Tliese
hotspots are locations where extensive sampling of the
herpetofauna has been conducted, and where species un-

their skins. In addition, pet

commercialization, global warnung, and developmental activities

such as hydroelectric plants also have had

a negative impact on their populations (Rueda-A. et

2007; Paez et

al.

der some degree of threat occur differentially along the

al.

2012). For these reasons, these char-

dpto.


Additional information on the distribution of amphib-

ismatic species are used to promote studies (biological

and economic) and the categorization of these organisms

ians

(Castano-M. 2002; Paez

the natural history of species in Valle del

et al.

and north

2012). Various local pres-

and

reptiles, the current status

of populations, and

Cauca

are nec-

however, lead to an analysis of the situation or


essary to develop an initiative for a conseiwation program

threat status of these species; for example, Kinosternon

with specific short-term objectives, so that decisions can

leucostomum (NT

help mitigate negative effects in the populations. Fur-

sures,

in this study) is a broadly-distributed

which we have wide information on

ecol-

thermore, the protected areas and municipahties in the

ogy and reproductive biology (Giraldo et al. 2012), but
it has been affected by habitat deterioration and is con-

dpto must develop monitoring plans in their areas that

species for

Amphib. Reptile Conserv.


its

contain detailed information on the presence or absence

12

December 201 4 Volume 8 Number 2 e87
I

|

|


Valencia-Zuleta et

Hypsiboas rubracila, Buenaventura, Bazan, 2014.

Centrolene gekkoideum,

La Cumbre,

al.

Pristimantis juanchoi,

La Cumbre,

Chicoral, 2010.


Anolis lyra, Buenaventura, Bazan, 2010.

Chicoral, 1988, Extinct.

Kinosternon Leucostomum, Buenaventura, Zaragoza, 2013.

Thecadactylus rapicaudus, Buenaventura, Zaragoza, 2009.

Basiliscus galeritus, Buenaventura, Zaragoza, 2013.

Diploglossus monotropis, Buenaventura, Bahia Malaga, 2013.

Amphib. Reptile Conserv.

13

December 2014 Volume 8
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Number 2 e87
|


Conservation status of the herpetofauna

in

Colombia


of species, so that along with other organizations they

can negotiate the protection and conservation of ecosys-

tems essential for the herpetofauna. In

CAR to

the

particular,

we

ask

ensure compliance with the development of

these initiatives.

The conservation of endemic
and

reptiles should

species of amphibians

we must


be clear and

recognize that

management, but the current regulaenough to define the measures that ac-

this requires special

tions are not clear

tually will allow the implementation

of specific conser-

many

vation plans for these species; in

places, the type

of area will not allow the sustainability of these species,

which are an emblem for the dpto.
Anolis eulaemus,

Acknowledgments.

—We would

like to start


La Cumbre,

Chicoral, 2013.

by thank-

ing Reynel Galvis for his help in the early construction

of the manuscript. Thanks goes to the Vicerrectoria de Investigaciones of Universidad del Valle and the program

of Jovenes Investigadores of Colciencias for their effort

A

extended to Azul y
Verde Foundation, Serraniagua Foundation, Nasmille

and assistance.

special thanks

is

and family in Chicoral, Amparo Bubu and family, and
those people at the study sites

who have

supported and


enabled us to gain valuable information for
Final gratitude

is

all

this paper.

extended to the Herpetology lab and the

reference collection of amphibians and reptiles of Uni-

versidad del Valle (UV-C) where most of the information

obtained for this manuscript

is

deposited.

We thank Louis

Gontadoes albogularis,

Cali, 2014.

Porras for translating the original version of this paper
into English


and copy editing the

final version.

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Sanchez D, Chacon-Ortiz A, Leon

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Oophaga lehmanni. PLoS

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servation in Latin America.

UICN. 2012. Categorias y Criterios de la Lista Roja de la
UICN: Version 3.1. Segunda edicion. Gland, Suiza y

Alejandro Valencia-Zuleta
the

is

15(5): 1,213-1,223.

a biologist from the Universidad del Valle (Cali-Colombia), working in

Young Researcher program of Colciencias and

Colombia, under the campaign

SAVE THE EROGS

taxonomy, and natural history of amphibians and

At present, he studies

Photo by Andres F. Jaramillo.
south-west.

Amphib. Reptile Conserv.

Conservation Biology

the

as a volunteer in the group jSalven las ranas! Cali!

His main interests include the conservation, ecology,

reptile

of Colombia, with special focus in the Colombian

eommunity and trophie eeology of anurans

17

in the

Colombia

December 2014 Volume 8
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Paeifie.

Number 2 e87
|


Conservation status of the herpetofauna

Andres Felipe Jaramillo-Martinez
interests are the
reptiles for

ders, anurans

the

in

Colombia

a biologist from the Universidad del Valle (Cali-Colombia). His

is

photography of natural biodiversity, the assessment of the natural history of amphibians
an ecologic and functional perspective.

He

is


also interested in the

taxonomy of salaman-

and snakes. He presently works on the ecology of salamanders and anurans populations

in

Colombian south-west. Photo by Eliana Barona.

Andrea Echeverry-Bocanegra is a biologist from the Universidad del Valle

(Cali-Colombia). She did her

bachelor thesis research on the presence of skin alkaloids in Colostethus fraterdanieli (Anura: Dendrobati-

Her areas of interest include the physiology, ecology, taxonomy, and ethology of amphibians,
and mammals. Photo by Andrea Echeverry.
dae).

a

Ronald Andres Viafara-Vega

is

reptiles,

a biologist from the Universidad del Valle (Cali-Colombia) interested


and conservation of the amphibians and

in the natural history, ethology, ecology,

and studies

reptiles,

that

apply molecular biology in these groups. His interest and future pursuit will be the taxonomy of Glass and
leptodactylid frogs. Photo by

Ronald A.

Vidfara.

Oscar D. Hernandez-Cordoba received his B.S degree in biology from the Universidad del Valle (CaliColombia), in Cali, Colombia in 2013. As a student, he joined the Laboratorio de Herpetologia de la
Universidad del Valle (Cali-Colombia) investigation group, guided by Dr. Fernando Castro. In this group
he developed investigative

interests in evolutionary ecology, ecotoxicology,

and conservation biology of

amphibians, reptiles and birds. Photo by Ana Goeta.

Victoria E. Cardona-Botero


is

a biologist from la Universidad del Valle (Cali-Colombia) and young re-

At present, she works on the community ecology of anurans in the Colombian Pacific. Her main topics of interest are the ecology, natural history, ethology, and systematics of amphibians
and reptiles, with a special focus on the ecology and natural history of birds. Photo by Andres E Jaramillo.
searcher of Colciencias.

Jaime Gutierrez-Zuniga
est are the bioacoustics

is

a biologist from la Universidad del Valle (Cali-Colombia). His topics of inter-

and ecology of amphibians and

Fernando Castro-Herrera,

reptiles.

Photo by Ronald A. Vidfara.

Biologist, Universidad del Valle (1976)

University of North Texas (1988)

—advisor

Dr.


Lloyd

and Ph.D. (Community Ecology)

C Fitzpatrick. He

is

presently a professor at la Uni-

versidad del Valle (Cali-Colombia) and head of the research group, Laboratorio de Herpetologia founded
in

1993 training students in the

lab has

scientific

study and research of amphibians and reptiles in Colombia. This

been supported by the Universidad del Valle in Cali Colombia and research focuses on biodiversity,

natural history, ecology, toxicology, and assessment in conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity.

For more information reference: Fernando has been the leader
of a generation of Colombian biologists, since the
ians


•

and

reptiles of

Colombia. Three of his

latter part

of the twentieth century, in studies on amphib-

latest publications already in circulation are:

Small changes in vegetation structure changes in amphibian create great ensembles in the Colombian

Pacific rainforest. Tropical Conservation Science 6(6):

749-769 (2013). Available:

http://tropicalconser-

vationscience.mongabay.eom/content/v6/TCS-2013-Vol6%286%29_749-769_Cortes-et-al.pdf [Accessed:

30 November 2014].

•

Amphibia, Anura, Bufonidae, Atelopus eusebianus (Rivero


&

Granados-Diaz, 1993): Distribution ex-

Check List 10(3): 682-683. Available: />article/view/10.3.682/9327 [Accessed: 30 November 2014].

tension for Valle del Cauca, Colombia.

Cauca (Colombia): Un enfoque basado en la distribucidn
por ecorregiones, alturay zonas de vida. Biota Colombiana 14(2): 156-233. (2013). Available: http://www.
redalyc.org/articulo. oa?id=4913 1094008 [Accessed: 30 November 2014].
•

Diversidad de

Animal photo
Amphib. Reptile Conserv.

la

herpetofauna en

credits:

el Valle del

Eernando Castro-Herrera.
18

December 2014 Volume 8

I

|

Number 2 e87
|


Official journal website:

amphibian-reptile-conservation.org

8(2)

Amphibian & Reptiie Conservation
[Special Section]: 1-18; S1-S24 (e87).

Supplemental Material
Conservation status of the herpetofauna, protected areas,
and current problems in Valle del Cauca, Colombia
^Alejandro Valencia-Zuleta, Andres Felipe Jaramillo-Martmez, Andrea Echeverry-Bocanegra, Ronald Viafara-Vega, Oscar Hernandez-Cordoba, Victoria E. Cardona-Botero, Jaime Gutierrez-Zuhiga,
and Fernando Castro-Herrera
Universidad del

Valle,

Grupo Laboratorio de Herpetologla, Departamento de Biologla,

Cali,


COLOMBIA

Citation: Valencia-Zuleta A, Jaramillo-Martmez AF, Echeverry-Bocanegra A, Viafara-Vega R, Hernandez-Cordoba O, Cardona-Botero VE, GutierrezZuhiga J, Castro-Herrera F. 2014. Conservation status of the herpetofauna, protected areas, and current problems in Valle del Cauca, Colombia.
Amphibian & Reptile Conservation 8(2) [Special Section]: 1-18; S1-S24 (e87).

Copyright:

© 2014

Valencia-Zuleta et

al.

This

is

an open-access

Commons Attribution-NonCom-

under the terms of the Creative

article distributed

official

any medium,
and authorized


official

journal website

mercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License, which permits unrestricted use for non-commercial and education purposes only,

and authorized publication sources are recognized and properly credited. The
be duly enforced, are as follows: official journal title Amphibian & Reptile Conservation;

provided the original author and the
publication credit sources, which

official

will

in

<amphibian-reptile-conservation. org>

Received: 12 March 2014; Accepted: 24 November 2014; Published: 19 December 2014

Table

1.

Taxonomic

list


of amphibians and

reptile

of the department of Valle del Cauca (Cardona-B.

lUCN (red list), Red Book of Amphibians

(Rueda

et al.

2014). Actualization of

and Reptile (Castano-M.

2002) of Colombia,
Red Book of Amphibians of Valle del Cauca (Castro-H. and Bolivar-G 2010), and current categorization of the amphibians and reptile
for Valle del Cauca. Also is denoted the municipalities and protected areas where the species is distributed; and a (|) is noted in the
threat categories

category

when

based on:

a species

is


TAXON

endemic

lUCN

et al.

)

et al

for the department.

Red book of
Colombia

Red Book of
Valle del Cauca

Categorization for
the departament

Municipality

Protected area

Bu, Dar


RFPN Anchicaya

CLASS AMPHIBIA

ORDEN ANURA
FAMILIA AROMOBATIDAE
Allobates talamancae

(Cope, 1875)

NT

LC

Anomaloglossus
atopoglossus (Grant,
Humphrey & Myers,

DD

CR

DD

VU

CR

CR


CR,

Blab(iii)

CR

CR

CR,

B2ab(iii)

Cai

CR,

B1ab(iii)(t)

Cai

1997)

Anomaloglossus

mosus

lacri-

(Myers, 1991)


EN, Bla

RFPN Anchicaya,

Bu

PNR

La sierpe

FAMILIA BUFONIDAE
Atelopus

cf.

famelicus

(Rivero and Morales,
1

995) {sensu

Yo

RFPN Anchicaya,
RFPN de Cali

latu)

Atelopus chocoensis

(Lotters,

Bu, Cal,

1992)

Atelopus eusebianus
(Rivero and Granados,

CR

EN

CR,

B2ab(iii)

FI

CR

CR

CR,

Blab(iii)

Ce

1993)


Atelopus

cf.

ebenoides

(Rivero, 1963)

Correspondence.

Email: (Corresponding author, Alejandro Valencia-Zuleta).

Amphib. Reptile Conserv.

^

S-1

December 2014 Volume 8 Number 2 e87
|

|

|


Valencia-Zuleta et

TAXON


lUCN

Atelopus pictiventris
(Kattan, 1986)

Atelopus

Colombia

CR

Red Book of
Valle del Cauca

CR

Categorization for
the departament

CR,

Municipality

Cal

B2ab(iii)(t)

Protected area


PNN

Farallones de

Cali,

RFPN de

Cali

RFPN Anchicaya,
spurrelli

VU

(Boulenger, 1914)

VU

EN,A1a

DMI La

Bu, Dar

Plata,

PNR

La


sierpe

Incilius coniferus

LC

(Cope, 1862)

Rhaebo

Red book of

al.

CR,

Dar

B2ab(iii)

andi-

nophrynoides (Mueses-Cisneros, 2009)

DD

NE

PNN


Bu

Cali

Rhaebo blombergi
(Myers and Funkhouser, 1951)

Rhaebo haematiticus
(Cope, 1862)

Farallones de

NT

NT

CR,

Blab(iii)

PNN Farallones de
Cali, RFPN Anchicaya

Bu, Dar

RFPN Anchicaya,
RFPN de los rios San
LC


LC

Bu, Da, Dar

Cipriano y Escalerete,
PNN Farallones de
Cali

Rhaebo hypomelas
(Boulenger, 1913)

RFPN Anchicaya,
RFPN de los rios San
NT

VU,A1ace

Bu, Da, Dar

Cipriano y Escalerete,
PNN Farallones de
Cali

RFPN Anchicaya,
Rhinella

cf.

PNR La sierpe,
RFPN de los rios San


mar-

LC

garitifera (Laurenti,

LC

Bu, Dar

Cipriano y Escalerete,

1768)

DMI La
Rhinella paraguas (Bolivar

and Grant, 2014)

EN

VU

EN,

Cai

B2ab(iii)


Al,

An, Ans,

Ar, Bo, Bu,

Bug, Bui, Ca,
Can, Car,

Cal,

Da, Dar, Do,
Rhinella marina (Lin-

naeus, 1758)

Cai, Ce, Ag,

LC

LC

Plata

FI, Gi,

Gu, Ja,

Cu, Vi, Un,
Ob, Pa, Pr,

Re,

Ri,

Ro,

Sp, Se, To,

Tr,

Tu, Ul, Ve,

Vij,

Yo, Yu,

Za

RFPR

Bitaco,

RFN

Cerro Dapa-Carisucio, PNN Tatama,
RFPN Anchicaya,

RFPN de Tulua,
RFPN de los rios San
Cipriano y Escalerete,

PNN Farallones de
Cali,

RFPN de

Cali,

RNR Laguna de
sonso 0 Cienaga de
chircal,

RFPN

del

Bosque de Yotoco,

FAMILIA CENTROLENIDAE
Centrolene ballux
(Duellman & Burrowes, 1989)

CR

Centrolene buckleyi
(Boulenger, 1882)

VU

CR,


B2ab(iii)

la

VU

VU,

Cal, Cai, Tu,
B2ab(iii)

Tr

VU

VU

CR

CR

EN,

VU

VU

EN,

CR, Alace


Espada, 1872)
Centrolene heloderma
(Duellman, 1981)

B2ab(iii)

& Duellman,

PNN Farallones de
Cali, PNR Paramo El
Duende

Cal, Cai, Da,

PNN

Farallones de

RFPN Anchicaya, RFPR Bitaco

Cali,

Cu

PNN

Cal, Cai

Farallones de

Cali

Centrolene peristictum
(Lynch

Farallones de
Cali

Centrolene geckoi-

deum (Jimenez de

PNN

Da

B2ab(iii)

Cal, Cai,

Da

PNN Farallones de
RFPN Anchicaya

Cali,

1973)

Amphib. Reptile Conserv.


S-2

December 2014 Volume 8 Number 2 e87
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I

|


Conservation status of the herpetofauna

TAXON

lUCN

Red book of
Colombia

Red Book of
Valle del Cauca

in

Colombia

Categorization for
the departament


Municipality

Protected area

Cai, Da, Ri

RFPN Anchicaya

Centrolene robledoi
(Ruiz-Carranza

vu

&

EN,

B2ab(iii)

Lynch, 1995)

PNN
Centrolene savage!
(Ruiz-Carranza

Bo, Cal, Da,

NT

Cu, Yo


Lynch, 1991)

Cochranella balionota
(Duellman, 1981)

Cochranella megista
(Rivero, 1985)

Espadarana callistomma (Guayasamin &

RFPN Anchicaya, RFPN de Cali,
RFPN Bosque de
Yotoco, RFPR Bitaco
Cali,

vu

&

Farallones de

vu

CR,

B2ab(iii)

Da


NT

CR,

B2ab(iii)

Cai

NT

Bu

DD

Trueb, 2007)

RFPN de
Espadarana prosoblepon (Boettger, 1892)

NT

LC

los rios

San

Cipriano y Escalerete, RFPN Anchi-

Bu, Dar


caya
Hyalinobatrachium aureoguttatum (Barrera &
Ruiz-Carranza, 1989)
Hyalinobatrachium
colymbiphyllum (Taylor,

NT

VU,A3ace

LC

CR,

Blab(iii)

Bu, Da, Dar

RFPN Anchicaya

Bu

RFPN Anchicaya

1949)

Hyalinobatrachium
fleischmanni (Boettger,


LC

VU,A3ace

Bu

RFPN Anchicaya

LC

VU,A3ace

Bu

RFPN Anchicaya

1893)
Hyalinobatrachium
valerioi (Dunn, 1931)

Nymphargus armatus
(Lynch

&

Ruiz-Carran-

VU

CR,


B2ab(iii)(t)

Cai

za, 1996)

Nymphargus grandisonae (Cochran

&

LC

VU,

Blab(iii)

Cai,

RFPN Anchicaya

Da

Coin, 1970)

Nymphargus

griffithsi

(Goin, 1961)


VU

VU,A2ace

Cal, Cai,

Da

PNN

Farallones de

Cali,

RFPN Anchicaya

PNN
Nymphargus ignotus
(Lynch, 1990)

Nymphargus prasinus
(Duellman, 1981)

NT

NT

VU


CR,

B2ab(iii)

Farallones de

RFPN AnchicRFPN de Cali,
RFPR Bitaco

Cal, Cai, Da,

Cali,

Cu

aya,

Da

PNN
Nymphargus

Farallones

PNN Las
de
hermosas, RFPN
Anchicaya, RFPN de
Cali,


ruizi

(Lynch, 1993)

VU

VU,A2ace

Bug, Cal, Cai,
Da, Pa

Amaime
Rulyrana orejuela (Duellman & Burrowes,

DD

EN,

Blab(iii)

Da

RFPN Anchicaya

LC

EN,

B2ab(iii)


Bu

RFPN Anchicaya

1989)

Sachatamia albomaculata (Taylor,

1949)

Sachatamia

ilex

(Sav-

age, 1967)

Amphib. Reptile Conserv.

NT

LC

S-3

Bu, Da, Dar

RFPN Anchicaya,


DM

I

La Plata

December 2014 Volume 8 Number 2 e87
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Valencia-Zuleta et

TAXON

lUCN

Red book of
Colombia

Red Book of
Valle del Cauca

al.

Categorization for
the departament


Municipality

Protected area

RFPN de
Teratohyla pulverata

LC

(Peters, 1873)

VU,

B2ab(iii)

Bu,

los rios

San

Cipriano y Escalerete, RFPN Anchi-

Da

caya

RFPN de
Teratohyla spinosa

(Taylor,

NT

LC

1949)

Bu,

los rios

San

Cipriano y Escalerete, RFPN Anchi-

Da

caya

FAMILIA

CRAUGASTORIDAE

Craugastor

fitzingeri

LC


(Schmidt, 1857)

Craugastor longirostris
(Boulenger, 1898)

LC

LC

LC

PNR La sierpe,
RFPN Anchicaya

Bu, Dar

PNR La sierpe,
RFPN Anchicaya,
RFPN de los rios San

Bu, Dar

Cipriano y Escalerete

Craugastor opimus
(Savage & Myers,

LC

CR,


B2ab(iii)

PNR

Bu, Dar

La sierpe

2002)

RFPN Anchicaya,
DMI Enclave subxeCraugastor raniformis
(Boulenger, 1896)

LC

LC

Bu, Da, Dar

rofitico

de Atuncela,

PNR La sierpe,
RFPN de los rios San
Cipriano y Escalerete

Hypodactylus babax

(Lynch, 1989)

LC

EN,

B2ab(iii)

RFPN Anchicaya

Da, Cai

PNN

Farallones de

RFPN de Cali,
RFPR Bitaco, RFPN
Anchicaya, RFPN del
Cali,

Hypodactylus mantipus (Boulenger, 1908)

NT

LC

Cal, Cu, Da,

Dar, Tr, Yo,


Yu

Bosque de Yotoco;
Cerro Dapa -

RFPN

Carisucio
Pristimantis acatallelus

(Lynch

&

Ruiz-Carran-

LC

VU,

B2ab(iii)

PNN

Cal, Cai

Farallones de
Cali


za, 1983)

Pristimantis achatinus

(Boulenger, 1898)

LC

LC

Pristimantis alalo-

cophus

(Roa-Trujillo

&

NT

VU,

Bu, Da, Dar

Bug,
B2ab(iii)

FI,

Pa,


Tu

Ruiz-Carranza, 1991)

RFPN Anchicaya,
DMI La

Plata.

RFN Amaime, PNN
Las hermosas, RFPR
Frayle-Desbaratado

Pristimantis albericoi

(Lynch

&

Ruiz-Carran-

CR

CR,

B2ab(iii)

Cai


EN

VU,

B2ab(iii)

Cai, Tr

za, 1996)

Pristimantis angustilin-

eatus (Lynch, 1998)
Pristimantis aurantiguttatus (Ruiz-Carranza,

Lynch &Ardila-Robayo, 1997)
Pristimantis boulengeri

(Lynch, 1981)

DD

DD

Cai

RFPR
LC

VU,


B2ab(iii)

Bug,

FI,

Pa

Frayle-Des-

baratado,

PNN

Las

hermosas

RFPR

Bitaco,

RFR

Frayle-Desbaratado,

PNN
Pristimantis brevifrons


(Lynch, 1981)

LC

LC

Cal, Cai, Cu,

Da,

FI, Tr,

Yo

Farallones

de Cali, RFPN del
Bosque de Yotoco,

RFPN

Cerro Dapa

-

RFPN de
RFPN Anchi-

Carisucio,
Cali,


caya
Amphib. Reptile Conserv.

December 2014 Volume 8 Number 2 e87
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Conservation status of the herpetofauna

TAXON

lUCN

Red book of
Colombia

Red Book of
Valle del Cauca

in

Colombia

Categorization for
the departament


Municipality

Protected area

RFN Amaime, PNN
Pristimantis buckleyi

(Boulenger 1882)

Cal, Cai, Ce,

NT

LC

FI,

Pa, Tu

Farallones de Cali,

RFPR

Frayle-Des-

baratado.

RFPN de
Pristimantis calcaratus


(Boulenger, 1908)

EN

EN

Cal, Cai, Cu,

NT

del

Pristimantis calcarula-

tus (Lynch, 1976)
Pristimantis capitonis

(Lynch, 1998)
Pristimantis caprifer

(Lynch, 1977)
Pristimantis chalceus
(Peters, 1873)

VU
EN

VU,


VU

VU,

LC

VU,

Cal,

B2ab(iii)

Cal, Cai, Da,
B2ab(iii)

B2ab(iii)

Pristimantis chrysops

(Lynch

&

Ruiz-Carran-

EN

EN

EN,


B2ab(iii)

PNN

Farallones de

Cali,

RFPR

PNN

Farallones de

Cali,

RFPNAnchi-

Bu, Da, Dar

RFPN Anchicaya

Bu, Da, Dar

RFPN Anchicaya

Cal, Cai, Da,

RFPN Anchicaya,

RFPN de Cali, RFPN
del

Pristimantis deinops

(Lynch, 1996)

EN

EN

EN,

Cal, Cai, Da,
B2ab(iii)(t)

Yo

(Lynch, 1986)
Pristimantis

duende

(Lynch, 2001)

VU

VU

DD


EN,

B2ab(iii)(t)

CR,

B2ab(iii)(t)

Da,

Bosque de Yotoco

RFPN Anchicaya,
RFPN de Cali, RFPN
del

Pristimantis diaphonus

Bosque de Yotoco

Re

PNR Paramo

Tr

Cal, Cai, Cu,

Pristimantis erythro-


LC

LC

Da, Dar,

Tr,

Yo

1896)

el

Duende

RFPR
pieura (Boulenger,

Bitaco

caya

Yo

za, 1996)

RFPN


Bitaco,

Bosque de Yotoco

Tr

NT

LC

Cum

PNN

Farallones de Cali,

RFPR

Da, Yo

Cali,

Bitaco,

RFPN

RFPN AnchiPNN Farallones
de Cali, RFPN del

de


Cali,

caya,

Bosque de Yotoco
Pristimantis gaigeae

(Dunn, 1931)

NT

LC

RFPN Anchicaya,
Plata, RFPN

DMI La

Bu

de

San

los rios

Cipriano y Escalerete
Pristimantis gracilis


(Lynch, 1986)

Pristimantis hybotra-

gus (Lynch, 1992)

VU

VU

VU

CR,

VU

VU,

Cal, Cai,

B2ab(iii)

B2ab(iii)(t)

Cu

PNN

Farallones de


Cali,

RFPR

Bitaco

PNR La sierpe,
RFPN Anchicaya,
RFPN de los rios San

Bu, Dar

Cipriano y Escalerete

RFPR
Pristimantis juanchoi

(Lynch, 1996)

VU

NT

NT

Cal, Cai, Cu,

Da, Dar,

Yo


RFPN
Anchicaya, RFPN
de Cali, RFPN del
Bitaco,

Bosque de Yotoco.
Pristimantis keiephas

(Lynch, 1998)

VU

VU

CR,

B2ab(iii)

Cai

RFPN de

Pristimantis labiosus

(Lynch, Ruiz-Carranza

& Ardila-Robayo,

NT


LC

rete,

de

RFPN de
(Boulenger, 1898)

LC

LC

gnus (Lynch, 1986)

los rios

San

rete,

NT

NT

VU,

Cal, Da, Dar,


DMI La

B2ab(iii)

Yo

S-5

Plata

RFPN Anchicaya,
RFPN de Cali, RFPN
del

Amphib. Reptile Conserv.

Cali

Cipriano y EscaleRFPN Anchic-

Bu, Dar

aya,
Pristimantis molybri-

San

Cipriano y EscalePNN Farallones

Bu, Dar


1994)

Pristimantis latidiscus

los rios

Bosque de Yotoco

December 2014 Volume 8 Number 2 e87
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