Regional Research Project
Integrated solid waste management
system leading to zero waste for
sustainable resource utilization in
rapid urbanized areas in developing
countries
Funded by Asia Pacific Network
for Global Change Research


Partners

Sirindhorn
International Institute
of Technology,
Thammasat
University
Thailand

Policy and Planning
Division
Ministry of Works
and Human
Settlements
Bhutan

Center for
Environmental
Technology and
Management,
Van Lang University,

Vietnam


Background - Solid waste management

Not all waste collected
No waste separation
Co-disposal HW and MSW
Illegal Dumping/Open Dumping


Background - Solid waste management

No Operational Procedures No
Environmental Controls


What should be done?

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ISWM with 3Rs Strategies


Objectives
• Propose solid waste management option
from baseline data that will eventually lead
to ‘zero waste’ city.



Zero waste
• Zero waste programs include all of the following
strategies
–
–
–
–
–
–
–
–

Reducing consumption and discards
Reusing discards
Extended producer responsibility
Comprehensive recycling
Comprehensive composting or bio-digestion of organic materials
Citizen participation
A ban on waste incineration
Effective policies, regulations, incentives, and financing
structures to support these systems.

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Tentative Schedule (Yr 1)
Project activities
10
Communications with all stakeholders
Literature review
Data collection in Bhutan and Vietnam

(field visit, interview with stakeholders)
Proponents’ trip to Bhutan
(expected in the second week of October, 2014)
Proponents’ trip to Vietnam
(expected in the first week of November, 2014)
Project summary report (Dec 5th 2014)
Develop baseline reports for Bhutan and Vietnam
Preparation of training workshop and field visit in 
Thailand 
Expected number of participants: 20
Organize training workshop in Thailand (expected
in the last week of May)
Data analysis and propose management options
for each country
Proponents second trip to each country to finalize
the management options
Preparation of final report
APN final technical report and financial report

11

12

First Year (October 2014 – September 2015)
1
2
3
4
5
6


7

8

9


st
1

Activities in the
Year
Sept 2014 - Sept 2015
• Collect baseline data in each country: Data were
collected by local partners in collaboration with
the proponent, baseline report was prepared for
each country.
• Training of trainers including the study visit to
show good waste management practices in
Thailand
• Data analysis and propose management option
and preparation of final report


Tentative Schedule (Yr 2)
Project activities
10

Communications with all stakeholders

Prepare
guidelines
for
waste
management and decision making tools
based on characteristics of waste
Annual progress report
Testing of the decision‐making tools
Consultation with experts during
preparation and finalization of guidelines
Finalize the guidelines and tools
Country workshop for local authorities
and stakeholders once in Bhutan and
once in Vietnam
Translation of decision‐making tools into
local language
Dissemination
publication

of

results

through

APN final technical report and financial
report

11


Second Year (October 2015 – September 2016)
12
1
2
3
4
5
6

7

8

9


nd
2

Activities in
Year
Around Sept 2016 - Sept 2017
• Demonstration project implementation
based on the options proposed from first
year
• From this demonstration project in both
countries we have compile the success
and drawbacks of the implementation
plan.
– Drawbacks may come from technology,

finance, stakeholders’ participation, and etc.


Activities in Year two
• Final product is to integrate all information
and produce the guidelines for sustainable
waste management for each country in
both English and local language


Expected Outcomes
• Baseline data on solid waste management situation of
selected cities with management options identified.
• Decision making tools/guidelines for local authorities for
ISWM by the second year both in English and local
language.
• Increasing environmental awareness in solid waste
management both for local citizens and authorities.
• Increasing capabilities of local authorities in conducting
scientific research and dissemination of results through
national workshops/site visits and developing network for
sustainable solid waste management.
• Networking among the team members through the
project,


Decision Making Guidelines
Chapter 1

Introduction



Background of the study



Objectives of the study

Chapter 2

Baseline information


General information of the country and selected city



City’s baseline data

Chapter 3

Waste management technology and approach


Available technologies for various kinds of waste

•

Comparison of technology


Chapter 4

Decision Making Process


Methodology in decision making process



Criteria in technology selection



Suggested criteria for Bhutan/Vietnam

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Waste management options


Identification of waste management options



Implementation of pilot project successful factors and drawbacks

Conclusion



Thailand National Waste Management Policy
Internal factors
• social & economic development
• Government policy
• Awareness in resource and
energy conservation
• pollution situation

External factors
• international agreement
• trade and environment
• international standard
• Global environmental
issues

National Waste
Management Policy

Promoting
3Rs

Integrated
technology

Clustering

Participation of
stakeholders
16



Alternative Energy Development Plan 10 Year
Development Towards
Low Carbon Society
Investment
from private
sector

R&D Budget
Target for renewable energy = 25% in
2021
Solar

Wind

Bio-Fuel

Bio-energy
Wast
e

Hydro
power

New forms of
Energy

Renewable
energy

in 2011 = 8.98%
17

Barrel


Waste Quantity
Waste>100 T/d 25 municipalities
(100-170=20 muni. 200-300 =5 muni. )

25 MW

Total 3,791 T/d

35 MW
75 MW

Waste 50-100 T/d
37 municipalities
Total 2,488 T/d
Waste 10-50 T/d
177 municipalities
Total 3,794 T/d
Waste 5-10 T/d

25 MW

160 MW from waste

267 municipalities

Total 1,839 T/d
Waste<5 T/d
639 municipalities
Total 1,692 T/d

18


MSW Characteristics
Area

Waste Composition (%)
Food

Paper

Plastic

Rubber

Clothes

Leaf

Glass

Metal

Others


North

55.88

7.78

13.20

4.06

3.43

5.46

4.25

4.07

2.00

North
East

52.96

10.37

11.09

1.98


2.81

1.62

7.35

2.51

8.82

Central
and
East

50.06

4.06

15.46

4.73

3.32

8.86

3.88

4.09


2.55

South

48.78

11.99

14.62

3.03

1.73

6.56

7

3.42

2.94

Property

Density

Moisture
content


Heating
value

Ash
content

Combustib
le
component

(kg/m3)

(%)

(kj/kg)

(%)

(%)

256.25

58.5

18,774.34

27.97

89.79


North East

191.7-204.2

50.5

16,104.55

-

80.83

Central and
East

260.25

57.83

17,003.19

26.78

89.49

214.5

53.25

16,895.137


21.61

86.69

Unit
North

South

19



Indoor waste sorting
Waste receiving floor

Bag Opener

Trommel Screen

Metal separator

Manual separation

21


Outdoor system


22


No waste separation at source = higher investment & operation Costs

23



Thermo-chemical Conversion
• Pyrolysis—thermal decomposition of
organic material through heating
• Gasification—conversion of solids or
liquids to fuelor synthesis-gases through
gas-forming reactions
• Combustion (solids)—exothermic
oxidation involving pyrolysis, gasification,
and heterogeneous and homogeneous
oxidation reactions