1

Working Document


2

CONTENTS
Context and rationale

3

Specific objectives

3

Expected outputs

3

Program

4

Opening program highlights

7

Summary of key outputs and emerging outcomes

10

Posters

34

Participants

52


3

CONTEXT AND RATIONALE
Starting in 2015, CCAFS SEA has implemented 12 Flagship Projects (FPs) and several regional projects.
The number of flagship has gradually been reduced to 8 with one project completed in 2016, a new
one started in 2016(WUR SLP) and 4 terminated due to budget cut. These flagship projects are
implemented by CGIAR Centers, NGOs, and local partners across three focus countries in Southeast
Asia (Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia), as well as the Philippines and Indonesia. The flagship projects are
complemented by smaller regional projects and activities.
To address the need for proven and effective CSA options, CCAFS SEA has piloted seven ClimateSmart Villages (CSVs) in Cambodia, Laos, Philippines, and Vietnam as an approach for improving the
resilience of smallholder farming communities to climate change and where appropriate, for reducing
GHG emissions. These CSVs can be also considered as a cluster of villages or landscapes (e.g.
Guiniyngan) in climate change hotspots across a wide range of agro-ecological zones with different
farmers’ typologies, climate risks and vulnerabilities. This allows for comparison, learning,
extrapolation, and climate analogues analysis. CSVs are “test-beds” for generating evidences of the
effectiveness of CSA practices in real-life settings through systematically co-developing, evaluating,
and promoting integrated and innovative CSA portfolios for adoption. The CSVs has since started to
be the model in establishing climate resilient communities in the Philippines and CSVs in Myanmar.
This year’s CCAFS SEA meeting aimed to bring representatives from different CGIAR centers, CCAFS
FPs, together with national and local partners and the CSV teams in Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam to

discuss the implementation progress of activities in CSVs and FP projects. The focus this year was on
the significant outputs and emerging outcomes considering that most projects will end in 2018.
Discussions among concerned project leaders and FP Leaders were conducted on the future focus of
new projects after 2018.
SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES
The one-day meeting covered the following specific objectives:
1. Report on the progress of activities in the CSV sites in 2017;
2. Get updates on CCAFS project implementation in 2017;
3. Identify the main issues/problems/challenges/gaps in FP/CSV implementation; and
4. Foster/strengthen learning and share knowledge, learning, and experiences across CSVs and
projects.

EXPECTED OUTPUT
1. A review of the implementation progress of CSVs/FP in 2017;
2. Identification of emerging outcomes that will be pursued in 2018;
3. Solutions to the identified issues/problems/challenges/gaps in the implementation of the CSVs/FPs;
and
4. Discussions on future focus of new projects after 2018.


4

3rd Annual Progress Reporting and Coordination Meeting on
CCAFS Projects and Climate-Smart Village Implementation in Southeast Asia
20 November 2017
Crowne Plaza West Hanoi, Vietnam

PROGRAM
Time


08:00–08:30

Registration

08:30–09:00

Activity

09:15–09:40

09:40–09:55
09:55–10:05

Secretariat

• Welcome remarks

Leocadio Sebastian, RPL CCAFS SEA

• Opening remarks

VM Le Quoc Doanh, MARD Vietnam

• Introduction

All participants

• Group picture
09:00–09:15


In-Charge

All participants

Briefing on workshop mechanics
Plenary Session 1:
Flagship 1 – Priorities and Policies for CSA
Moderator: Phil Thornton, CCAFS Rapporteur: Jana Korner, CCAFS SEA
FP1-IRRI: Policy information and response
Valerien Pede (IRRI)
platform on climate change and rice in ASEAN
(20 mins report, 5 mins Q&A)
and its member countries (PIRCCA)
The Asia Climate Policy Hub: Developments
Godefroy Grosjean (CIAT Asia)
and strategy in Southeast Asia

(10 mins report, 5 mins Q&A)

Discussion (Q&A)

All (Presenters are the panelists)

Poster session and coffee/tea break
Plenary Session 2:
Flagship 2 – Climate-Smart Technologies and Practices
Moderator: Andy Jarvis, CCAFS Rapporteur: Eisen Bernardo, CCAFS SEA
10:20–10:45 FP2-CIAT: Integrated agricultural technologies for Dindo Campilan and
enhanced adaptive capacity and resilient
Vinh Le Bui (CIAT Asia)

livelihoods in CSVs of Southeast Asia.
(20 mins report, 5 mins Q&A)
10:05–10:20

(Including progress reporting of Ma CSV & AMIA)

10:45–11:10 FP2-ICRAF-IIRR: Generating evidence base for
upscaling local adaptation through Climate-Smart
Agriculture.
(Including progress reporting of My Loi and

Delia Catacutan (ICRAF Vietnam)/
Rene Vidallo (IIRR Asia)
(20 mins report, 5 mins Q&A)

11:10–11:35 FP2- IRRI: CSVs in the Mekong Basin: Defining an
Innovative and Comprehensive Approach for
Catalyzing Roll-out of Large-scale Adoption.
( Including reporting of RH, Ekx, Pailom, and TH

Reiner Wassmann (IRRI)/
Yumiko Kura (WorldFish Cambodia)/
Guillaume Lacombe (IWMI SEA)

Guiniyangan CSV).

CSV)

(20 mins report, 5 mins Q&A)



5

11:35–11:55 RP-Worldfish: Enhancing community resilience to
climate change by promoting smart coastal
aquaculture practices and management
institutions along the coastal areas of North

Tran Nhuong
(WorldFish Vietnam)/
Cao Le Quyen (VIFEP)
(15 mins report, 5 mins Q&A)

Central Vietnam

11:55–12:10 Discussion (Q&A)
12:10–

All (Presenters are the panelists)

Lunch

Plenary Session 3:
Flagship 3 - Low Emissions Development
Moderator: Reiner Wassmann, IRRI Rapporteur: Camille Mendizabal, ICRAF/CCAFS SEA
13:10–13:35 FP3-IRRI: Assessing incentives for scaling up
Bjoern Ole Sander (IRRI)
mitigation at different stakeholder levels: 'No(20 mins report, 5 mins Q&A)
regret‘ mitigation strategies in rice
13:35–13:55 RP-Development of LED investment plan for rice Tran Van The (IAE Vietnam)/


Le Hoang Anh (DOSTE-MARD Vietnam)
(15 mins report, 5 min Q&A)

13:55–14:10
14:10–14:25

Quantifying mitigation opportunities in

Tiffany Talsma (CIAT ASIA)

smallholder cocoa and coffee systems

(10 mins report, 5 mins Q&A)

Discussion (Q&A)

All (Presenters are the panelists)

Poster session and coffee/tea break
Plenary Session 4:
Flagship 4 - Climate information services and climate-informed safety nets
Moderator: Peter Laderach, CIAT Asia Rapporteur: Le Thi Tam, ICRAF
14:40–15:05 FP4-ICRAF/CARE: Enhancing adaptive capacity
Elisabeth Simelton
of women and ethnic minority smallholder
(ICRAF Vietnam)
farmers through improved agro-climate
(20 mins report, 5 mins Q&A)
information in Southeast Asia

15:05–15:30 FP4-ILRI: Surveillance and early warning
Nguyen Viet Hung
systems for climate sensitive diseases in
(ILRI E&SE Asia)
14:25–14:40

15:30–15:45
15:45–16:05

Vietnam and Laos.
National adaptation plans and climate

(20 mins report, 5 mins Q&A)
Pablo Imbach (CIAT Asia)

information services

(10 mins report, 5 mins Q&A)

RP-Gender, climate change and food
security in Southeast Asia: Insights from

Thelma Paris (CCAFS SEA)
(15 mins report, 5 mins Q&A)

the fields
16:05–16:20

Discussion (Q&A)


16:20–16:50

Updates on future projects’ focus

16:50–17:00

Closing Program

18:00–

Dinner

(2018 call)

All (Presenters are the panelists)
Andy Jarvis (CCAFS)


6

Poster Session

Venue: Ballroom Hanoi 1 and 2 Lobby
1.

RP-CCAFS SEA: Implementing Agricultural Nationally Determined
Contribution in Vietnam: Current Supporting Policies and Needs.

2.


RP-IIRR: Catalysing CSVs in Myanmar

3.

RP-CCAFS SEA: More Responsive CSA R&D for Disaster Risk

Le Hoang Anh (DOSTE-MARD Vietnam), Nguyen
Trung Thang (ISPONRE Vietnam), Nguyen Duc
Trung (CCAFS SEA)
Wilson John Barbon and Julian Gonsalves (IIRR
Asia)
Shwe Mar Than and Htay Htay Oo

Mitigation in Myanmar

(YAU Myanmar)

4.

RP-NOMAFSI: Support to Sustainable Intensification for Rice in Ma
CSV and Vinh Kien Commune

Le Khai Hoan, Nguyen Van Chinh,
Nguyen Viet Cuong, Luu Ngoc Quyen,

5.

RP-CABI: Pest Smart - Strengthening ecosystem health and building
resilience of Climate-Smart Villages (CSVs)


and Pham Thi Sen (NOMAFSI)
Sivapragasam Annamalai, Arnaud Costa, Sathis
Sri Thanarajoo, Fook-Wing Chan, and Hong Twu

6.

RP-CCAFS SEA: The Climate-Smart Village as a Design Thinking

Jana Korner (CCAFS SEA)

7.

FP3-WUR: Sustainable Intensification of Dairy Production in

8.

Chan (CABI SEA)

Process

Marion de Vries, Bram Wouters, and

Indonesia

Theun Vellinga (WUR)

RP-ILRI: Scoping study: Livestock GHG emission in Vietnam

John Goopy (ILRI),
Mai Van Trinh and Vu Duong Quynh


(IAE Vietnam), and Cu Thi Thien Thu (HUA)

9.

10.

RP-CCAFS SEA: Participatory Climate-Related Risk Mapping and
Adaptation Planning (CS MAP) for Rice Production in Vietnam’s

Leocadio Sebastian and Bui Tan Yen (CCAFS
SEA), and Nguyen Hong Son

Mekong River Delta

(DCP MARD)

RP-CCAFS SEA: Assessment of Potential CSA Options for Future
Agriculture Production in the South Central Coast Region of Vietnam

Leocadio Sebastian (CCAFS SEA), Bui Tan Yen
(CCAFS SEA), Chu Thai Hoanh (IWMI), Paul
Pavelic (IWMI), Annamalai Sivapragasam (CABI),
Delia Catacutan (ICRAF), Gajanan Sawargaonkar
(ICRISAT), Pham Vu Bao (ASISOV), and
Tran Thi My Hanh (DCP-MARD)

11.

RP-CCAFS SEA: Spatial distribution of cropping pattern with season

wise in Myanmar using MODIS time series data, ground survey

Murali K Gumma and Anthony Whitbread

Nguyen Huu Quyen (IMHEN)

13.

RP-CCAFS SEA: Future rice production of Vietnam’s Mekong River
Delta under the impacts of climate change
RP-CCAFS SEA: Photovoice in Ma, My Loi and Phailom

14.

RP-CCAFS SEA: Roving Workshop in Cambodia

(ICRISAT)

information with Spectral Matching Techniques
12.

Jerome Villanueva (IRRI- CCAFS CSV),
Bernadette Joven (IRRI), John Cleary (NUIG),
and Vinh Le Bui (CIAT Asia)

Nguyen Duc Trung (CCAFS SEA), Bui Tan Yen
(CCAFS SEA), Dyna Eam (Worldfish), and
Yumiko Kura (Worldfish)

15.


RP-PhilRice: Infomediaries as Complementary Knowledge Channels
of Climate Smart Agriculture in the Philippines

Jaime Manalo IV, Jayson Berto, Fredierick
Saludez, Jennifer Villaflor, Rommel Hallares,
Teofilo Paulino, Katherine Balmeo, Argie
Pagdanganan and Anna Marie Bautista
(PhilRice)

16.

RP-PFRB: Mobilizing the Rural Sector for Climate Change Mitigation

Louie N. Tabing (PFRB)

17.

RP-CCAFS SEA: Mobilizing Science for Climate Change, Agriculture

Rex Navarro (CCAFS SEA/PAJ)

and Adaptation: A Pilot Radio Campaign in the Philippines
and Food Security: Engaging the Philippine Rural Media

Note: Posters will also be displayed during the 2-day SA-SEA CSA Workshop from 21-22 November 2017.


7


Opening
program
highlights


8

Opening remarks
Dr. Leocadio Sebastian, Regional Program Leader, CCAFS SEA
●

This year’s annual event has been shortened to accommodate the joint CCAFS Southeast Asia
and South Asia meeting on CSA. This joint meeting is a very important platform for crosslearning and knowledge exchange between the two regions.

●

For the third year of annual meeting the focus will be on the flagship projects including some
bilateral projects. Complementing the oral reporting sessions are the 17 posters that feature
our initiatives in the region.

●

The meeting will go beyond mere reporting of activities to look at the achieved and emerging
outcomes. This is primarily because CCAFS is not only interested in outputs but more
importantly, outcomes that will result to impacts. Partners and donors are also very interested
to know what outcomes CCAFS have attained including those that are still emerging.

●

As most of the flagship projects will end, in coming up with the new one, build on the projects

that have attained good outcomes. There is a need to ensure that all the prerequisites to good
outcomes are completed first before the projects end.

● For national and international partners, identify opportunities that may be useful to their own

context. Interest to any of the ongoing projects can be directed to the concerned researchers.
CCAFS can partner in developing bilateral projects in their respective places. This way, the
outputs of CCAFS work would be applied in more locations in the region.

● Optimize the opportunity of learning more about the projects, to synergize ideas that will
further elevate the quality of CCAFS work and partnership in the region.

Welcome remarks
Mr. Le Quoc Doanh, Vice Minister, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Development
●

For many regions in the world, especially for Southeast Asia, climate change is no longer a
distant threat; it is a reality and being uncertain in the future. Climate change has no spatial and
temporal boundary.

●

In recent years, Vietnam has been suffering severe hot and cold spells, floods, droughts and
salinity intrusion. The appearance, frequency, and intensity of these extreme weather events
have changed extraordinarily under impacts of climate change.
-

-

In Winter 2015-Spring 2016, one-third of Vietnam’s provinces were strongly affected by a

severe drought, which influenced livelihood of 2 million people and caused yield loss of
820,000 ha of cropland across the country.
In January 2016, snow was experienced in Nghe An, Central region of Vietnam, which never
happened before.


9

-

In October 2016, abnormally extreme rainfall in the Central region of Vietnam caused a
serious flash flood.
Early this month, the unusual Damrey typhoon killed nearly 100 lives, damaged more than
100,000 houses in Central Vietnam.

●

The challenge for Southeast Asia countries is to develop a green agriculture with less GHGs
emission while enhancing adaptation capacity and satisfying the growth and development
demands. CCAFS interventions under 4 flagships synthesizing CSA promotion, policy and
institution, climate information and services, and low emission development will effectively help
us to reach our desired targets.

●

The review of outputs and outcomes that CCAFS SEA has achieved in Southeast Asia in last
three years is very important because it shows the readiness of adaptation and mitigation
measures, and appropriate approach for resilient and sustainable agriculture development for
the region.


●

CCAFS has been a great convener of the CGIAR centers in responding to impact of the 2015-16
El Nino. CCAFS led an assessment team that went to the Mekong Delta, Central Highland and
South Central Coast, regions that were severely affected by the drought and salinity intrusion.
MARD took cognizance of the assessments’ recommendation for its future actions.

●

CCAFS has also been supporting our efforts to prepare for the implementation of the
agriculture component of the Nationally Determined Commitments (NDC). This is an area
where Vietnam needs the contribution of the CGIAR Centers and CCAFS is facilitating such
contribution.

●

CCAFS has been working with the Department of Crop Production (DCP) to come-up with the
climate related-risk maps and adaptation plans (Climate Smart MAP) for rice production in the
Mekong Delta. This initiative will be very helpful in making the rice production in the Mekong
Delta more climate resilient.

●

More work like those cited above wherein close collaboration was done to ensure that what
CGIAR programs like CCAFS are doing are applied in the field and become part of the national
programs and plans. Like Vietnam, the representatives from the different countries present in
the workshop would also like to see outcomes and impacts in their respective countries.


10


Summary of
key outputs
and emerging
outcomes


11

Flagship 1 – Priorities and Policies for CSA

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

FP1-IRRI: Policy information and response platform on climate change and rice in ASEAN and its
member countries (PIRCCA)
Valerien Pede (IRRI)
During the year 2017, the PIRCCA has initiated several case studies and stakeholder engagement for
the purpose of supporting climate change policies formulation.

In the Red River Delta and Central Vietnam, a case study was initiated to understand whether gender
differences exist in household’s perception of climate change and if it plays a role in their adaptation
strategies. At the farm level, the case study also investigates ecologically-based management practices
as adaptation strategies to cope with climate change stresses. With regards to household level
adaptation strategies, the survey aimed to better understand how households build resilience and to
what extent climate change related policies can support them. This case study has been published in
the International Journal of Climate Change Strategies and Management (available at
/>The PIRCCA project has initiated a case study to assess the economic, social, environmental impacts
and potential of 'small household, big field' models for rice production in Mekong River and Red River
Deltas. The study particularly investigates to what extent climate smart practices in rice production
could be upscaled through the 'small household, big field' model. This case study was implemented in

the year 2017 and resulted in the publication of a working paper (available on CCAFS website at
models-and-potential-climate-smartagriculture#.Wg2RRPmCyM9). The study shows that while the main goal of Large Fields Models (LFMs)
is to increase the efficiency of rice production and the quality of rice, they also offer an opportunity to
apply CSA principles. LFMs offer reduced production costs, the potential for knowledge sharing, and
reduced greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Recommendations from this study were presented at a
stakeholder workshop jointly organized by the Institute of Agricultural Environment (IAE), the Institute
for Policy and Strategy for Agriculture and Rural Development (IPSARD), the Climate and Clean Air
Coalition (CCAC) project, and the PIRCCA project. In the year 2018, several stakeholders are planned
for dissemination of recommendations, particularly to inform policies on the implementation of the
agricultural restructuring plan in Vietnam.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Here are the key points of discussion during this plenary session:
• There is a need to demystify the concept of Climate-Smart Agriculture to policymakers, and to
make them understand how CSA technologies, products, and practices can be used to address
local challenges. CSA profiles created for each area can be used to show them the existing gaps
and how CSA interventions can help fill those gaps.
• Research results should be used to guide decision makers on how to strengthen
implementation of existing policies and form new ones to support CSA adoption. The role of
scientists is to provide policymakers with knowledge on CSA options and in transitioning to
CSA.
• Using a demand-driven approach in the planning and implementation of CSA would be much
better than the still widely used helicopter approach in which a package of CSA technologies


12

•

•


•

•

•

and products proven to be effective in one area is brought to another area without taking into
account the context.
Politics can affect the success or failure of spreading CSA adoption in an area. The role of
scientists stops after providing evidence-based information on the steps of adoption and
trade-offs. The formulation and implementation of policy still rests on the hand of the
policymakers whose actions are guided by their political agenda.
CCAFS should prioritize the identification of long-term partnerships with key players in the
region ranging from the government, NGOs, INGOs, academia to the private sector and to
build a common strategy with them in the planning and implementation of CSA interventions
One strategy that can be done to ensure better engagement of the policymakers is to ask the
government officials what they want to achieve and conduct the research and make
recommendations based on those demands.
One of the keys to achieving desired outcomes and scaling CSA especially in Myanmar is to
focus on capacity building of stakeholders and ensuring that they are actively engaged
throughout the process to inculcate in them a sense of ownership.
The three key pillars in influencing policymaking are link, think, and sync. The first pillar,
link, means focusing on the establishing new partnerships. Think means focusing on
prioritizing the interventions to be scaled up and scaled out and supporting
multidisciplinary methodologies; whereas, sync means supporting piloting of institutional
and policy framework by working with what is there and maximizing the potentials.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………


Flagship 2 – Climate-Smart Technologies and Practices

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

FP2-CIAT: Integrated agricultural technologies for enhanced adaptive capacity and resilient
livelihoods in CSVs of Southeast Asia.
Dindo Campilan and Vinh Le Bui (CIAT Asia)
The project consists of three major components: 1) prioritization, testing and introduction of CSA
technologies and practices (T&Ps), 2) CSV facilitation for CSA learning and action in Ma village, north
Vietnam, and 3) CSA-CSV knowledge sharing and scaling.
Component 1: CSA T&Ps being field-tested by the project were selected from Year 1 (2014-15) through
a participatory community-based process of climate-risk assessment and CSA agenda-setting. In Year
2 (2015-16), a broad set of CSA T&Ps were initially introduced in local adaptive trials; the results
guided the further prioritization of a shorter list of T&Ps for continued testing. Thus in Year 3 (201617), the project focused on three key CSA portfolios:

1) conservation agriculture for cassava-cowpea-grass intercropping systems, agri-waste
management and use, and livestock feed production
2) agri-land/natural resource use and management for acacia livelihoods and integrated
home gardens
3) climate-smart rice production through cold-tolerant varieties, rice-straw processing and
integrated water management.


13

For each set of CSA T&Ps, a farmer learning group was formed and took responsibility for planning
and conduct of field trials. These farmer-learners subsequently became trainers/extensionists for
reaching out to other farmers within and beyond the community.

Component 2: The testing and introduction of CSA T&Ps have served as the core dimension in piloting

the CSV approach in Ma village, north Vietnam. To serve as community-based platform for CSA action
learning, the CSV was established through the initial project activities (Years 1-2) of community
profiling, social mobilization and CSA awareness-raising. During Year 3, the project sought to further
strengthen the CSV as an institutional innovation, through:
1) Short-term/seasonal weather advisory obtained from online weather forecasts and
disseminated through community loudspeakers,
2) CSA micro-finance fund which farmers can access to support livelihoods that incorporate
selected T&Ps,
3) Piloting of the PhotoVoice methodology where farmers learned the use of photographic
equipment in developing community stories, as tools for dialogue with local leaders and
policy-makers.
4) Securing additional financial and other resources for CSA learning, through small-grants
from local government agencies and external bilateral donors.
5) Hosting of regular learning visits and on-site trainings for farmers and students, and the
CSV’s designation as a “learning site” by Yen Bai provincial government’s extension
network.
6) Cross-CSV and inter-provincial CSA dissemination through series of trainings, workshops
and field visits – particularly with My Loi CSV and with Yen Bai and Cao Bang provinces.

Component 3: The project’s CSA-CSV experiences have provided a pool of practical knowledge for
stimulating a country-wide program in the Philippines – the Department of Agriculture ‘s Adaptation
and Mitigation Initiative in Agriculture (AMIA). The scaling out process built on the project’s Year 1-2


14

activities for cross visits (Ma CSV farmers to the Philippines, and AMIA partners to Vietnam), and
CCAFS-facilitated joint workshops and meetings. In Year 3, the CCAFS project and CIAT Team have
worked with AMIA partners to undertake: 1) climate-risk vulnerability assessment across the country to
identify and prioritize target sites for climate-resilient agrifisheries (CRA) interventions, and 2)

development of key decision-support tools for CRA investment planning and design of communityaction projects.
To date, 17 “AMIA villages” have been established – across different typologies of of climate- change
risks, agro-ecologies, and crop/livestock/fish production systems. These Philippines-adapted CSVs are
becoming distinguished for key features:
1) framed within the “extension
services” institutional set-up,
rather than being mainly
“research-driven”
2) anchored on public-sector
investment and policy
priorities, including a $50k
operational budget per CSV
from government funds
3) direct links to climate services
(government credit and
insurance schemes) and
science support by national
and international research
organizations
4) continued effort in outscaling
operations and funding
through additional public- and
private-sector resource
mobilization, including
proposal development for
accessing $250M financing
from the Green Climate Fund
(GCF).
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………



15

FP2-ICRAF-IIRR: Generating evidence base for upscaling local adaptation through Climate-Smart
Agriculture.
Delia Catacutan (ICRAF Vietnam)/Rene Vidallo (IIRR Asia)
Key activities/outputs
The key activities and outputs towards scaling CSA at subnational and national levels in the two CSVs
Guinayangan in Philippines and My Loi in Vietnam include the following:
•
•

•

•
•
•

6 clustered impact areas (CSA learning sites) are identified as platforms for farmer-to-farmer
scaling through field days and sites visits.
300 farmers from 16 farmer learning groups engaged in the project have already directly
influenced around 1,000 farmers through knowledge sharing, materials distribution and
dispersal systems. Such initiatives are adopted by the local government and will be utilized
through extension services in the further promotion of CSA.
An example of CSA-awareness raising and sharing event include My Loi CSV with over 160
farmers and representatives from agriculture departments, donors and NGOs. Key outputs: (i)
Photovoice exhibition where farmers showcased and narrated their experiences using
photography; (ii) 12 farmers in four groups built and presented 3D models for agroforestry
systems; (iii) 10 local primary school pupils presented artworks about future agricultural and
rural development.

My Loi CSV team has contributed to the national CSA manual developed by Vietnam’s IPSARD.
My Loi CSV team has reviewed IFAD project-proposals against CSA criteria.
My Loi CSA farmers’ profile documented—historical CSA adoption analyzed.

Scaling up process


16

Pathways and processes for scaling

Key emerging outcomes
•

Engagement with local stakeholders
- Local governments (MAO & MPDO in Guinayangan, My Loi Commune government and
DDARD in Ky Anh) are prioritizing and integrating CSA in local agricultural and rural
development plans.
- Guinayangan is now recognized as a learning site that influences the implementation and
rolls out of the Philippines’ Adaptation and Mitigation Initiative in Agriculture (AMIA)
program. It was adopted as an “advanced AMIA village” due to the evidence on CSA shared
by both local government officials and farmers in learning events facilitated by IIRR. This
high level of scaling implies the uptake of key CSA-learnings from Guinayangan, particularly
on participatory approaches to local CSA promotion, by technical teams who are
establishing AMIA villages ( in 17 regions in the country.
- The incorporation of CSA into the local government’s agriculture extension services is
expected to benefit around 5,000 farmers in all 54 villages of Guinayangan and 2,000
farmers in 9 villages of Ky Son commune.
- In addition, two municipalities in Philippines (Ivisan, Capiz and San Francisco, Quezon) and
one commune in Vietnam (Ky Trung commune) are considered as outreach areas. Here,

CSA-interventions are expected to immediately benefit over 1,200 farmers.
- The Provincial Government of Quezon and the agriculture offices of 10 neighboring
municipalities of Guinayangan were targeted for CSA promotion through sharing events.
This interest in replicating CSA-interventions could directly benefit 50,000 farmers. Case
studies will capture these project experiences.
- My Loi CSV is set as learning node for GIZ- EBA project in Ha Tinh province.

Key publications and documentations
- Local adaptation planning guide for government staff
- Technical manual on vermiculture for farmers
- Case study on roles of social learning for the adoption of CSA-innovations
/>- Documentation of tested and promoted CSA-technologies and scaling pathways in
Guinayangan.


17

-

CSA practices from Vietnam identified and assembled as a how-to-do guideline (Fig 3)
CSA farmer’s profiles collected for building up a community database of CSA-practices

Overview of the 8 features towards implementing and scaling CSA
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

FP2- IRRI: CSVs in the Mekong Basin: Defining an Innovative and Comprehensive Approach for
Catalyzing Roll-out of Large-scale Adoption.
Reiner Wassmann (IRRI)/Yumiko Kura (WorldFish Cambodia)/Guillaume Lacombe (IWMI SEA)
The project comprises CSA scaling in 4 CSVs that also encompass a transect along the Mekong
River. While the CSVs Ekxang and Rohal Soung will be covered in other presentations, key outputs

for Tra Hat and Phailom as well as cross-CSV activities can be summarized as follows:
Tra Hat:
•

Stakeholder workshop has been organized with demonstration of using rice straw for
mushroom production

•

Rice cultivars grown in Bac Lieu province have been assessed to identify ‘entry points’ for
disseminating improved varieties to specific locations and seasons

•

Socio-economic surveys have been conducted in Tra Hat (and also in CSV My Loi) to

assess CSA adoption in Vietnam with emphasis on gender and youth perceptions
•
•
•

Training on Pest Smart CSA practices was conducted by CABI

Gasifier stoves were introduced, though not really accepted by villagers
GIS mapping of AWD suitability in the Mekong Delta (see Figure 1)

Phailom:
•

Field trials with improved rice varieties indicated higher yield potentials under drought

conditions

•

Photovoice activity illustrated climate change problems and possible solutions to farmers as
well as other stakeholders


18

•

Collaboration with Cuso International resulted in seed fairs and farmer field schools on
community-based seed improvement for rice (see Fig. 1)

•

Collaboration with Savannakhet University resulted in broad documentation of CSV activities
(field trials, Photovoice, etc)

Cross CSV:
•

Detailed surveys on crop management practices have been conducted with rice farmers
and extension staff at all 4 CSVs to assess GHG emissions

•

Socio-economic surveys have been conducted in Tra Hat (and also in CSV My Loi) to
assess CSA Adoption in Vietnam with emphasis on gender and youth perceptions


Outlook for 2018:
•

Moving from Climate-smart Villages to Climate-smart Provinces in the Mekong Delta:
Interact with other provinces on CSA implementation, namely with DARD staff from 8
provinces of a large WorldBank-funded project (VnSAT) that is implemented with IRRI
contributions

•

Moving from Climate-smart Villages to Climate-smart Provinces in Southern Laos:

Intensify interaction with extension staff in Savannakhet and neighboring Champone Prov.
•

Use photovoice material for presentation of CSA concept and CSV activities at sub-national and
national level

•

Networking with international initiatives, namely (i) the Consortium of Unfavorable Rice
Environments (CURE) that visited Ekxang in May 2017 (48 particpants from 11 countries) and

(ii) a collaborative project of Tokyo/ Can Tho Universities (18 participants).

Fine-tuned GIS maps of AWD suitability in the Mekong delta; maps of climatic suitability (b,d) are overlaid by non-suitable
areas caused by and high flood in Autumn-Winter crop salinity in Winter-Spring crop



19

Flyer on Community-based approach for Climate-Resilient Seed Systems
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

RP-Worldfish: Enhancing community resilience to climate change by promoting smart coastal
aquaculture practices and management institutions along the coastal areas of North Central
Vietnam
Tran Nhuong (WorldFish Vietnam)/Cao Le Quyen (VIFEP)
Coastal aquaculture, dominated by extensive integrated farming systems, is one of the few livelihood
options for poor coastal communities in North Central Coast. In recent years, aquaculture in the region
has experienced increasing risks of disease outbreaks and crop failures due to a number of factors
including increasing negative impacts of global climate change. To support aquaculture farmers
improve farming practices and cope with climate change, since 2015, WorldFish in partnership with
Vietnam Institute for Fisheries Economics and Planning (VIFEP) and Thanh Hoa Agriculture Extension
Centre has been implementing a pilot project entitled “Enhancing community resilience to climate


20

change by promoting smart aquaculture management practices along the coastal areas of North

Central Vietnam (ECO-SAMP)" funded by CGIAR research program in Climate Change, Agriculture and

Food Security (CCAFS). The project has conducted on-farm research on climate-smart agriculture (CSA)
practices and piloted group/cooperative-based management approaches for brackish water

aquaculture in Hoang Phong commune, Thanh Hoa province during 2015 and 2016. At the farm level,
the project initiated a trial model which raised tilapia in mixed aquaculture systems with other farmed


species (shrimp, mud crab, and seaweed) to enhance resilience and adaptive capacity of farming
households. Results show that households adopting the tested aquaculture practice increased

household income by 12%, saved 6.7 million VND for pond cleaning (33 labor days). An assessment of
integrated aquaculture systems and potentials for scaling out in the North and North Central Coast
conducted by the project in 2016 showed that 14,000 ha of brackish water ponds in the NNCC can

potentially apply integrated aquaculture systems to cope with increasing negative impacts of climate
change.

While integrated aquaculture systems (integrating shrimp, tilapia and seaweed culture) can be

recognized as climate smart aquaculture (CSAq), several challenges need to be addressed in order to

successfully scale out the project approach to achieve impacts at larger scale. There is still insufficient
quantitative evidence of integrated aquaculture system performance under the lens of the climate
smart aquaculture approach. For example, how tested aquaculture systems performed under the
three pillars of the climate smart aquaculture approach (e.g., helping farmers to (1) sustainably

increase productivity and income; (2) enhancing farmers’ resilience and adaptive capacity;and (3)

reducing GHGs emmision). Furthermore, the CSA approach is a system approach that goes beyond

the farm level and metrics for performance assessment can be collected and assessed at farm level,

land scape and food production and consumption system level. In other words a system approach is

needed to conceptualize and scale out integrated aquaculture systems as a CSAq approach. In 2016,
assessment study to understand impacts and performance of CSAq interventions in the project area
as well as areas potentially can adopt the tested CSAq approach has been completed.


In 2017, ECO-SAMP project work with the project national consultant and national government

partners (Vietnam Institute for Fisheries Economics and Planning-VIFEP and Research Institute for

Aquaculture No.1) and Thanh Hoa Joint Stock/private company to carry out value chain analysis and
a follow up climate smart aquaculture assessment; and disseminate project lessons by organizing a

series of community meetings and a training workshop on technical operations of components along
value chains -and value chain coordination mechanisms for scaling out the tested climate smart
aquaculture approach.

Outputs completed by the project in 2017:
a. Two working papers:
(1) Integrated shrimp and tilapia aquaculture systems in brackish water environment as climate
smart aquaculture (CSAq): evidence and potentials for scaling out in North and North Central of
Vietnam
(2) Value chain analysis of integrated aquaculture systems from the project area.


21

b. Dissemination:
(1) A training workshop on technical operations of components along value chains-and value
chain coordination for scaling out CSA approaches and 3 community meetings delivered.
(2) A video clip (in Vietnamese) introducing the tested climate smart aquaculture (CSAq) systems
in the North Centre of Vietnam
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

The key points during the discussions during this plenary session are summarized below:

• Provincial CSA outscaling discussions should be conducted to determine how stakeholders
envision and how they would go about the outscaling out of CSA in nearby areas as part
of local institutionalization.
• Participatory activities such as Photovoice and Cross CSV learning trips enhance the
engagement and facilitate knowledge sharing among different stakeholders. This helps
policy makers and farmers to work together in effectively selecting and planning of CSA
options to be adopted by farmers.
• The concept of CSA in Ma Village is being scaled out in villages within Yen Bai province
and two other neighboring provinces in Vietnam. Effective technologies, practices, and
products in Ma Village are also replicated and re-contextualized in the 17 CSVs established
in the Philippines.
• Some of the advantages of the CSVs established in the Philippines include having a direct
link to climate services, financial support from the government amounting US$50, 000 for
the operation of each of the CSV, and a calamity fund to help farmers recover from the
losses they incur when natural calamities/ extreme weather events strike.
• Apart from giving farmers access to CSA technologies and products, provision of learning
interventions should be prioritized to facilitate adoption of CSA. In the cases of the
Philippines, social learning is seen as a potentially effective methodology for scaling up.
• Continuous capacity building will enable farmers to continue practicing CSA even after the
project has ended.
• Researchers from different CGIAR centers can share their technical know-how from their
projects to other researchers and integrate some of the activities to achieve desired
outcomes.
• Having policy backing at the national and international level is crucial for scaling up
interrelated projects. For instance, in Vietnam, there is no existing CSA policy at the
national scale, hence it is difficult to start a new CSV in Vietnam because there are no
policies to hasten implementation of policies.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………



22

Flagship 3 - Low Emissions Development
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

FP3-IRRI: Assessing incentives for scaling up mitigation at different stakeholder levels:
'No-regret‘ mitigation strategies in rice
Bjoern Ole Sander (IRRI)
Summary 2017
Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) feasibility analysis and suitability mapping conducted in
coordination with CCAFS finance strategy work
Through the IRRI-led projects on outscaling support of AWD funded by CCAFS and the Climate and
Clean Air Coalition (CCAC) the climatic AWD suitability maps for Vietnam could be improved by the
inclusion of local knowledge on salinity risk areas. These climatic suitability maps provide knowledge
for a more targeted dissemination of AWD+ and will guide the implementation of activities to reach
the country’s targets formulated in its Nationally Determined Contribution (NDC). The validity of the
maps has been confirmed by an independent project implementer for the example of Thai Binh
province.

Seasonal climatic suitability maps for AWD in the Mekong River Delta

Sustaining the momentum of mitigation activities in Vietnam, the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural
Development (MARD) through the Institute of Agricultural Environment (IAE) and the Institute of
Policy and Strategy for Agriculture and Rural Development and Ministry of Planning and Investment
(MPI) co-organized a policy engagement workshop in June 2017 in Hanoi. The workshop aimed to
identify bottlenecks and enabling national policies in view of developing a Nationally Appropriate


23


Mitigation Action (NAMA) in rice. Participants of the various institutes formed a ‘Rice NAMA team’
aiming at harmonizing mitigation activities and joint project development for large scale
implementation of mitigation options in rice.
Outcomes of this policy workshop fed into a high level consultation workshop on “Low carbon Rice
Development – Investment Opportunities” held on December 1 in Hanoi, Vietnam, which was co-organized
by MARD, MPI, and IRRI, with support from CCAFS SEA and the USAID. Investment in low carbon farming
models needs to be at the centerpiece of mitigation initiatives as it can speed up rice industry reform,
increase productivity, boost farmers’ incomes and ensure sustainable development. MARD’s Deputy
Minister Le Quoc Doanh said that investment in low carbon farming models would also help the country
access climate change funds for green growth.
Furthermore, the project team has conducted detailed technical and financial analyses for mitigation
options in Vietnamese rice production (technical feasibility, mitigation potential and cost-benefit
analyses) with funding from CCAFS, USAID and the CCAC.
These activities have contributed to the project’s goal of raising awareness, enhancing knowledge, and
shifting attitudes toward AWD adoption among decision makers. In the same way, these initiatives
form sound basis for large funding proposals for transforming the rice sector into low emissions
production.
Emerging outcomes
Recognizing the AWD technology as an effective means to adapt to and mitigate climate change the
World Bank was highly interested in alternate wetting and drying. The Bank featured AWD in their
“Water in Agriculture Innovation Series”, a webinar during which Ole Sander presented on the
principles, bottlenecks, and ongoing research for large-scale implementation of the AWD technology.
The webinar was attended by 57 of the Bank’s staff and partners.
Furthermore, a policy brief on incentives, benefits and challenges of AWD implementation has been
prepared together with World Bank.
World Bank is highly interested in mainstreaming AWD in some of their programs. With IRRI being
partner in the VN-SAT program with 120+ million USD targeting sustainable transformation of the rice
sector in the MRD there is a great opportunity for CCAFS science outputs to directly influence low
emissions development.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………


RP-Development of LED investment plan for rice
Tran Van The (IAE Vietnam)/Le Hoang Anh (DOSTE-MARD Vietnam)
In Vietnam, rice is main and the most important crop and accounted huge amount of agricultural
GDP, not been only seriously affected by climate change but also emitted too much greenhouse gases
(GHGs). Rice cultivation was considered as high potential of GHG reduction and can be promising for
developing NAMAs projects and INDC options. According to implementing plan (Document No
7028/BNN-KHCN on 25/8/2016, rice cultivation significantly contributes into unconditional mitigation
options (8% GHG reduction) through alternate wetting and drying and improved rice cultivation


24

system (AWD, A3) and mid-season drainage (MSD, A16). In conditional mitigation option (25% of GHG
reduction), rice cultivation continuously contributes through upscaling alternate wetting and drying
and improved rice cultivation system (A9).
To achieve study objectives, the study has conducted 5 key activities, including (1) policy gap
analysis (existing policies and instruments that support for AWD and MSD; (2) identify the policy
levers for AWD and MSD in rice cultivation, (3) quantify costs for incentives and economic returns
and risk profiles for investing in AWD and MSD; (4) Quantification of investment for AWD and MSD
and (5) consultation with finance expert to determine the potentials for AWD and MSD in rice
cultivation.
To implement above activities, the methodologies have been applied including policy gap analysis
from various policy relevance (strategies, action plans, programs, institutional framework under MARD
and relevant ministries and agencies); policy levers analysis to catalyse implementation of priority LED
intervention through AWD and MSD (participatory assessment, group working); field study on 120
farmer household with AWD and MSD and 60 farmer households for control (without AWD and
MSD), cost and benefit analysis (CBA), cost efficiency (CE), marginal abatement cost (MAC), and
marginal abatement cost curve (MACC). PA, working group, expert consultation, value change
approach, and externalities analysis methods have applied to quantify and develop investment plan

for AWD and MSD.
The key findings from study shown that there are plenty policies to support for low carbon options
and rice development (such NTP-RCC, action plan to response climate change, green growth
strategies, restructured project), implementing plan of NDC) and found that lack of policies at
provincial level while AWD and MSD mainly focused on Red River Delta rather than MRD. The study
also found that there are some relevant projects to promote GHG reduction from paddy rice and
plenty of GHG reduction from rice cultivation have been determined in action plan, programs and
priorities, however, they are facing to some challenges to complicate national system for GHG
inventories, under-constructed MRV, limited financial sources from both domestic (public and private)
and international support. The study also estimated and compared costs, revenues and net benefits
among AWD (25.14 million VND of net benefit per hectare with AWD vs 22.98 million VND without in
An Giang province, 30.45 million VND of net benefit per hectare with AWD and 24.77 million VND
without in Kien Giang and 27.38 million VND with AWD vs 24.38 million VND without in Soc Trang
province). In estimation, AWD not only significantly contribute into increasing net benefit but also
high cost efficiency of GHG reduction ( -1.69 million VND per tCO2e in An Giang province; -4.45
million VND per tCO2e and -2.53 million VND per tCO2e in case government fully supported for
infrastructure and irrigation system for rice cultivation). The study also developed alternative options
of infrastructure and irrigation system for AWD investment (at 50% and full investment by applicants).
Finally, the study found out the promising financial sources from both domestic (public and private)
and international supports that AWD and MSD can be emerged. The study also developed concept
note of investment plan to seek fund for AWD in rice production.
Plenty of integrated solutions and policy implication, significant economic figures than can be used
for policy development and implementation and opportunities for investment through AWD and local
carbon rice production in Vietnam and be referred for other countries with the similar situation.
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………


25

Through the discussions in this session, the following points were given emphasis:

•

In terms of scaling mitigation options, one of the technologies with a comprehensive data and
research results is the Alternate Wetting and drying technology. A mapping of areas in

Vietnam for suitability for adoption has led to the identification priority areas and a convincing
cost-benefit analysis has already been developed to convince farmers to adopt and

policymakers to support the project.
•

Feasibility analysis of other low emissions development (LED) options have been conducted to

identify the priority mitigation technologies to be scaled out in these areas. The analyses
included a GHG emission assessment in the MRD to determine how much GHG can be

reduced through adoption of various technologies—these serve as an information database to
guide policymakers and implementers
•

Both Vietnam and Philippines have good policy framework, but they cannot manage to

engage stakeholder very well. Various institutional initiative for mainstreaming CSA are lacking

as of now.
•

There are still challenges in the financial aspect of implementation of these LED options. There
are existing policy activities for mitigation options but it is still very difficult to obtain funding


sources to finance these projects.
•

After the first phase and the first year of the second phase of CCAFS programme, numerous
mitigation options have already been identified, however, these have not been successfully
linked to existing programs which could hasten implementation and achievement of target
outcomes.

•

As of now, good models for alternate wetting and drying can be found in testing areas, but
not outside project areas despite the evidences showing that practicing AWD will increase

farmers’ incomes significantly compared to those who don’t. Since the infrastructure cost of

the AWD is costly, a reduction of the costs to be shouldered by the farmers in their adoption
through policy backing will help in the outscaling of this technology.
•

Similar to projects in other flagship projects, improving the scalability of the low emission

development projects entails capacity building, improvement of the existing legal instruments,
strengthening stakeholder involvement, and creation of investment plans.
•

Simplification of the process of adoption of LED interventions to reduce the time and effort
farmers need to exert is one of the keys to improve scalability.

•


AWD and other LED technologies and practices needs to be packaged with other

technologies, products and practices that are context specific to ensure suitability, improve
scalability, and increase effectiveness.

………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………