75ѬӠ1* ĈҤ, +Ӑ& &Ҫ1 7+Ѫ
.+2$ 7+Ӫ< 6Ҧ1

/Ç 9Ă1 75ѬӠ1*

Ĉ,ӄ8 75$ ĈҺ& 7Ë1+ 3+Æ1 %Ӕ &Ӫ$ &È 1*È7
3ORWRVXV FDQLXV +DPLOWRQ

'Ӑ& 78<ӂ1 6Ð1* +Ұ8

/8Ұ1 9Ă1 7Ӕ7 1*+,ӊ3 ĈҤ, +Ӑ&
1*¬1+ 18Ð, 75Ӗ1* 7+Ӫ< 6Ҧ1


75ѬӠ1* ĈҤ, +Ӑ& &Ҫ1 7+Ѫ
.+2$ 7+Ӫ< 6Ҧ1

/Ç 9Ă1 75ѬӠ1*

Ĉ,ӄ8 75$ ĈҺ& 7Ë1+ 3+Æ1 %Ӕ &Ӫ$ &È 1*È7
3ORWRVXV FDQLXV +DPLOWRQ

'Ӑ& 78<ӂ1 6Ð1* +Ұ8

/8Ұ1 9Ă1 7Ӕ7 1*+,ӊ3 ĈҤ, +Ӑ&
1*¬1+ 18Ð, 75Ӗ1* 7+Ӫ< 6Ҧ1

&Ҩ1 %Ӝ +ѬӞ1* 'Ү1
7KV 1*8<ӈ1 %Ҥ&+ /2$1

/Ӡ, &Ҧ0 7Ҥ
7UѭӟF WLrQ W{L FKkQ WKjQK FҧP ѫQ %DQ *LiP +LӋX 7UѭӡQJ ĈҥL +ӑF &ҫQ 7Kѫ %DQ
&Kӫ QKLӋP .KRD 7Kӫ\ 6ҧQ ÿm WҥR ÿLӅX NLӋQ WKXұQ OӧL FKR HP ÿѭӧF KӑF WұS QkQJ
FDR NLӃQ WKӭF Yj WULӇQ NKDL WKӵF KLӋQ ÿӅ WjL WURQJ WKӡL JLDQ TXD
;LQ FKkQ WKjQK ELӃW ѫQ ÿӃQ TXê 7Kҫ\ &{ .KRD 7KXӹ VҧQ QyL FKXQJ Yj TXê 7Kҫ\
&{ WURQJ %ӝ P{Q 7Kӫ\ VLQK KӑF ӭQJ GөQJ QyL ULrQJ 7Kҫ\ 9NJ 1DP 6ѫQ Fӕ YҩQ
KӑF WұS OӟS 76
/ ÿm WұQ WuQK KѭӟQJ GүQ WURQJ VXӕW WKӡL JLDQ WKHR KӑF WҥL
WUѭӡQJ
;LQ ÿѭӧF Ej\ Wӓ OzQJ ELӃW ѫQ ÿӃQ F{ 1JX\ӉQ %ҥFK /RDQ YӅ Vӵ KѭӟQJ GүQ ÿӝQJ
YLrQ Yj NLQK SKt WURQJ WKӡL JLDQ WKӵF KLӋQ Yj KRjQ FKӍQK OXұQ YăQ WӕW QJKLӋS Qj\
1KkQ GӏS Qj\ FNJQJ FKkQ WKjQK FҧP ѫQ WKҫ\ 9} 7KjQK 7RjQ WKҫ\ 0DL 9LӃW 9ăQ
DQK 1JX\ӉQ 7KLӋQ 1DP FiF EҥQ ÆX 9ăQ +Ri ĈһQJ 7Kӏ 7KX +ѭѫQJ 1J{ .LP
1JkQ /r 7Kӏ 0LQK 7Kѭ 3KҥP 7Kӏ 0ӻ /LQK +ӗ 9ăQ 'X\ 7KDQK FQJ FiF EҥQ
OӟS 1776 . OLrQ WK{QJ ÿm WҥR ÿLӅX NLӋQ WKXұQ OӧL Yj Kӛ WUӧ WLQK WKҫQ ÿӇ W{L
KRjQ WKjQK WӕW OXұQ YăQ Qj\
6DX FQJ [LQ FҧP ѫQ ÿӃQ JLD ÿuQK Yj QJѭӡL WKkQ WURQJ JLD ÿuQK ÿm ÿӝQJ YLrQ Yj
JL~S ÿӥ W{L UҩW QKLӅX PһW WURQJ VXӕW WKӡL JLDQ KӑF WұS Yj WKӵF KLӋQ OXұQ YăQ Qj\

;LQ FKkQ WKjQK FҧP ѫQ

L


7Ï0 7Ҳ7
&i QJiW 3ORWRVXV FDQLXV WKXӝF Kӑ 3ORWRVLGDH Eӝ 6LOXULIRUPHV /j PӝW WURQJ
QKӳQJ ORjL Fi Fy JLi WUӏ NLQK WӃ FDR Yj Oj ÿһF VҧQ FӫD YQJ ĈӗQJ %ҵQJ 6{QJ &ӱX
/RQJ NtFK Fӣ OӟQ WKӏW WKѫP QJRQ 7URQJ NKL ÿy QJXӗQ FXQJ FҩS QJRjL Wӵ QKLrQ
QJj\ JLҧP 7ӯ ÿk\ ÿӅ WjL ³ÿһF WtQK SKkQ Eӕ FӫD Fi QJiW GӑF WKHR WX\ӃQ 6{QJ +ұX´
ÿѭӧF WLӃQ KjQK QKҵP Eә VXQJ FiF GүQ OLӋX YӅ Vӵ SKkQ Eӕ FӫD Fi QJiW QJRjL Wӵ

QKLrQ Yj OjP Fѫ Vӣ FKR FiF QJKLrQ FӭX WLӃS WKHR FNJQJ QKѭ SKөF Yө FKR F{QJ YLӋF
JLҧQJ Gҥ\ KӑF WұS ĈӅ WjL WKӵF KLӋQ Wӯ WKiQJ
ÿӃQ WKiQJ
7KX
PүX WUӵF WLӃS NӃW KӧS SKӓQJ YҩQ FiF QJѭ GkQ WKDP JLD NKDL WKiF WҥL FiF ÿӏD ÿLӇP
$Q 3K~ $Q *LDQJ /RQJ ;X\rQ $Q *LDQJ &ҫQ 7Kѫ ĈҥL 1JmL /RQJ 3K~ 6yF
7UăQJ 7UҫQ ĈӅ 6yF 7UăQJ &iF \ӃX Wӕ P{L WUѭӡQJ ÿѭӧF ÿR WUӵF WLӃS WҥL KLӋQ
WUѭӡQJ
.ӃW TXҧ QJKLrQ FӭX FKR WKҩ\ Fi QJiW Oj ORjL Fi SKkQ Eӕ UӝQJ Wӯ ÿҫX QJXӗQ ÿӃQ FӱD
V{QJ Wӯ QѫL Fy QӗQJ ÿӝ PXӕL Å ÿӃQ Å 0үX Fi QJiW WKX ÿѭӧF ӣ P{L WUѭӡQJ
QѭӟF Oӧ QKLӅX KѫQ P{L WUѭӡQJ QѭӟF QJӑW &i QJiW Fy WұS WtQK ÿjR KDQJ VLQK VӕQJ
KDQJ WKѭӡQJ UҩW VkX PӝW KDQJ WKѭӡQJ Fy ÿӃQ QKiQK &i VӕQJ WKHR QӅQ ÿi\
EQ VpW ÿӇ ÿjR KDQJ Yj QKӳQJ QѫL Fy QKLӅX JӕF Fk\ Yj ÿi QJҫP ÿӇ WU~ ҭQ &i QJiW
SKkQ Eӕ Fҧ ӣ V{QJ FҩS PӝW Yj FҩS NrQK PѭѫQJ ӣ YQJ QѭӟF Oӧ QѭӟF QJӑW /ѭX
WӕF QѭӟF GDR ÿӝQJ Wӯ
P V ÿӃQ
P V FNJQJ Fy NKL ÿӃQ P V ӣ YQJ QѭӟF
Oӧ O~F QѭӟF ÿDQJ OӟQ KD\ ÿDQJ NpP S+ WҥL QѫL WKX PүX GDR ÿӝQJ Wӯ
ÿӃQ
Fi VӕQJ Yj OjP KDQJ KDQJ Fi QJiW FiFK PһW QѭӟF O~F FRQ QѭӟF UzQJ NKRҧQJ
FP Yj Fy NKL WӟL P QѭӟF ÿӃQ P QѭӟF ӣ ÿi\ FӫD FiF OzQJ V{QJ
&i QJiW WUѭӣQJ WKjQK [XҩW KLӋQ KҫX QKѭ TXDQK QăP QKѭQJ ÿӍQK ÿLӇP [XҩW KLӋQ
QKLӅX QKҩW Oj Wӯ WKiQJ
ÿӃQ WKiQJ
kP OӏFK ӣ P{L WUѭӡQJ QѭӟF QJӑW Yj P{L
WUѭӡQJ QѭӟF Oӧ Oj Wӯ WKiQJ ÿӃQ WKiQJ kP OӏFK &i QJiW PDQJ WUӭQJ Yj Fi QJiW
FRQ WKu ÿӍQK ÿLӇP [XҩW KLӋQ Oj Wӯ WKiQJ
ÿӃQ WKiQJ
kP OӏFK .tFK WKѭӟF NKDL
WKiF KLӋQ QD\ WK{QJ WKѭӡQJ Oj

ÿӃQ NJ FRQ

LL


0Ө& /Ө&
/Ӡ, &Ҧ0 7Ҥ
7Ï0 7Ҳ7
0Ө& /Ө&
'$1+ 6È&+ &È& %Ҧ1*
'$1+ 6È&+ +Î1+
&KѭѫQJ *,Ӟ, 7+,ӊ8
&KѭѫQJ 7Ә1* 48$1 7¬, /,ӊ8
7әQJ TXDQ
3KkQ ORҥL
+uQK WKiL Yj ÿһF ÿLӇP QKұQ GҥQJ
3KkQ Eӕ Yj P{L WUѭӡQJ VӕQJ
ĈһF ÿLӇP GLQK GѭӥQJ
3KѭѫQJ SKiS [iF ÿӏQK WұS WtQK GLQK GѭӥQJ FӫD Fi
7ѭѫQJ TXDQ JLӳD FKLӅX GjL UXӝW Yj FKLӅX GjL WKkQ
0ӕL TXDQ KӋ JLӳD NtFK Fӣ PLӋQJ Yj NtFK WKѭӟF PӗL
ĈһF ÿLӇP VLQK WUѭӣQJ
ĈһF ÿLӇP VLQK VҧQ
&KѭѫQJ 9Ұ7 /,ӊ8 9¬ 3+ѬѪ1* 3+È3 1*+,Ç1 &Ӭ8
9ұW OLӋX
0үX YұW
'өQJ Fө Yj KyD FKҩW
ĈӏD ÿLӇP Yj WKӡL JLDQ WKӵF KLӋQ
3KѭѫQJ SKiS QJKLrQ FӭX
7KX Yj EҧR TXҧQ PүX

3KkQ WtFK PүX
ĈăF ÿLӇP SKkQ Eӕ
;ӱ Oê Vӕ OLӋX
&+ѬѪ1* ,9 .ӂ7 48Ҧ 9¬ 7+Ҧ2 /8Ұ1
ĈLӅX NLӋQ P{L WUѭӡQJ
1KLӋW ÿӝ
S+
Ĉӝ PһQ
1ӅQ ÿi\
Ĉӝ VkX
'zQJ FKҧ\
6{QJ FҩS V{QJ QKӓ NrQK
5XӝQJ O~D
ĈһF ÿLӇP SKkQ Eӕ
3KkQ Eӕ FӫD Fi QJiW GӑF WKHR WX\ӃQ V{QJ
3KkQ Eӕ FӫD Fi QJiW GӑF WKHR FKLӅX QJDQJ
6{QJ FҩS
6{QJ FҩS
LLL

L
LL
LLL
Y
YL


.rQK QӝL ÿӗQJ
7ұS WtQK VӕQJ FӫD Fi QJiW
&i QJiW WUѭӣQJ WKjQK

&i QJiW PDQJ WUӭQJ Yj Fi QJiW FRQ
&i QJiW PDQJ WUӭQJ
&i QJiW FRQ
&KѭѫQJ .ӂ7 /8Ұ1 9¬ Ĉӄ ;8Ҩ7
.ӃW OXұQ
ĈӅ [XҩW
7¬, /,ӊ8 7+$0 .+Ҧ2

LY


'$1+ 6È&+ &È& %Ҧ1*
%ҧQJ

ĈһF ÿLӇP SKkQ ORҥL ORjL 3ORWRVXV FDQLXV Yj 3ORWRVXV OLQHDWXV

%ҧQJ

ĈһF ÿLӇP KuQK WKiL FKXQJ FӫD Kӑ 3ORWLVLGDH

%ҧQJ
7KHR NӃW TXҧ NKҧR ViW FӫD /kP 9ăQ 0LQK
QѫL Fy FiF P{L WUѭӡQJ SKkQ Eӕ
%ҧQJ

/ѭX WӕF QѭӟF P V WҥL FiF ÿLӇP WKX PүX

Y

Fi QJiW Fy WKӇ VӕQJ



'$1+ 6È&+ +Î1+
+uQK

3ORWRVXV FDQLXV

+uQK

&i QJiW 3ORWRVXV FDQLXV

+uQK

3KkQ Eӕ FӫD Fi 1JiW WUrQ WKӃ JLӟL

+uQK

7KX PүX WUӵF WLӃS EҵQJ JKH FjR

+uQK

&iF ÿӏD ÿLӇP WKX PүX

+uQK

S+ WҥL FiF ÿӏD ÿLӇP WKX PүX

+uQK

Ĉӝ PһQ WҥL FiF ÿӏD ÿLӇP WKX PүX


+uQK

6ӵ [XҩW KLӋQ FӫD Fi QJiW WUѭӣQJ WKjQK ӣ P{L WUѭӡQJ QѭӟF QJӑW

+uQK

6ӵ [XҩW KLӋQ FӫD Fi QJiW WUѭӣQJ WKjQK ӣ P{L WUѭӡQJ QѭӟF Oӧ

+uQK

6ӵ [XҩW KLӋQ FӫD Fi QJiW PDQJ WUӭQJ ӣ QѭӟF QJӑW

+uQK

6ӵ [XҩW KLӋQ FӫD Fi QJiW PDQJ WUӭQJ ӣ QѭӟF Oӧ

+uQK

6ӵ [XҩW KLӋQ FӫD Fi QJiW FRQ ӣ QѭӟF QJӑW

+uQK

[XҩW KLӋQ FӫD Fi QJiW FRQ ӣ QѭӟF Oӧ

+uQK

Fi QJiW FRQ WKX ÿѭӧF WUrQ WX\ӃQ V{QJ KұX

YL



&KѭѫQJ
*,Ӟ, 7+,ӊ8
6{QJ &ӱX /RQJ WKXӝF KӋ WKӕQJ V{QJ 0r.{QJ EҳW QJXӗQ Wӯ FDR QJX\rQ 7k\ 7ҥQJ
FKҧ\ TXD ViX TXӕF JLD Yj NKL ÿӃQ 9LӋW 1DP WKu FKLD WKjQK KDL QKiQK V{QJ FKtQK Oj
V{QJ 7LӅQ Yj V{QJ +ұX FXӕL FQJ ÿә UD ELӇQ Ĉ{QJ 0ҥQJ OѭӟL V{QJ QJzL NrQK
JҥFK FKҵQJ FKӏW ÿm WҥR QrQ PӝW OѭӧQJ WKӭF ăQ Wӵ QKLrQ FQJ YӟL Vӵ SKRQJ SK~ Yj
ÿD GҥQJ YӅ WKjQK SKҫQ JLӕQJ ORjL W{P Fi Ĉk\ FKtQK Oj PӝW OӧL WKӃ TXDQ WUӑQJ
JL~S QJKӅ QX{L WUӗQJ Yj NKDL WKiF WKӫ\ KҧL VҧQ SKiW WULӇQ PҥQK Pҿ 9u Yұ\ Pj
QJKӅ QX{L WKӫ\ VҧQ ӣ ĈӗQJ %ҵQJ 6{QJ &ӱX /RQJ QyL ULrQJ Yj Fҧ QѭӟF QyL FKXQJ
ÿm JyS SKҫQ ÿѭD QѭӟF WD YѭѫQ OrQ Yӏ WUt WKӭ YӅ [XҩW NKҭX ÿӭQJ WKӭ YӅ VҧQ
OѭӧQJ QX{L WUӗQJ WKӫ\ VҧQ VDX 7UXQJ 4XӕF Yj ҨQ Ĉӝ Yj ÿӭQJ WKӭ
YӅ VҧQ
OѭӧQJ NKDL WKiF KҧL VҧQ WUrQ WRjQ WKӃ JLӟL NK{QJ FKӍ Yұ\ QJjQK WKӫ\ VҧQ ÿѭӧF
[HP Oj QJjQK NLQK WӃ PNJL QKӑQ FӫD Fҧ QѭӟF 7X\ QKLrQ G SKiW WULӇQ YѭӧW EұF
QKѭQJ QJjQK WKӫ\ VҧQ Fҧ QѭӟF ÿm Yj ÿDQJ EӝF Oӝ QKLӅX \ӃX ÿLӇP ҧQK KѭӣQJ ÿӃQ
Vӵ SKiW WULӇQ NK{QJ EӅQ YӳQJ QKѭ WKӏ WUѭӡQJ JLi Fҧ FiF ORjL WKӫ\ VҧQ WURQJ Yj
QJRjL QѭӟF EҩS ErQ QKҩW Oj KDL ORjL WKӫ\ VҧQ FKӫ OӵF Oj W{P Yj Fi WUD FiF YҩQ ÿӅ
P{L WUѭӡQJ WURQJ TXi WUuQK F{QJ QJKӋ KRi ÿ{ WKӏ KRi QX{L WUӗQJ WKӫ\ VҧQ Jk\ UD
WuQK WUҥQJ Vӱ GөQJ FiF ORҥL WKXӕF WK~ \ WKӫ\ VҧQ SKөF Yө FKR QX{L WUӗQJ WKӫ\ VҧQ
GLӉQ UD WUjQ ODQ WuQK KuQK GLӉQ ELӃQ SK~F WҥS +LӋS KӝL QJKӅ QX{L Yj FKӃ ELӃQ WKӫ\
VҧQ $Q *LDQJ
+ѫQ QӳD VҧQ OѭӧQJ NKDL WKiF Wӵ QKLrQ QJj\ FjQJ JLҧP Pj QJXӗQ [XҩW NKҭX FKtQK
Oj Wӯ QX{L WUӗQJ 1KѭQJ ÿӇ QJjQK QX{L WUӗQJ SKiW WULӇQ EӅQ YӳQJ Yj JLҧP UӫL UR
WKu FiF ÿӕL WѭӧQJ ÿDQJ ÿѭӧF QX{L QKѭ Fi WUD Fi EDVD Fi OyF Fi FKuQK Fi EӕQJ
WѭӧQJ W{P FjQJ [DQK «WKu FiF ÿӕL WѭӧQJ QX{L PӟL FҫQ ÿѭӧF TXDQ WkP YӟL JLi WUӏ
NLQK WӃ FDR QKѭ Fi E{QJ ODR Fi FKҥFK OҩX Fi OHR Fi QJiW «
&i 1JiW 3ORWRVXV FDQLXV +DPLOWRQ
Oj ORjL Fi GD WUѫQ WKXӝF Kӑ 3ORWRVLGDH

Eӝ 6LOXULIRUPHV /RjL Fi Qj\ SKkQ Eӕ FKӫ \ӃX ӣ QѭӟF Oӧ QKѭQJ FNJQJ [XҩW KLӋQ ӣ
QѭӟF QJӑW 7UѭѫQJ 7Kӫ .KRD Yj 7UҫQ 7Kӏ 7KX +ѭѫQJ
&i 1JiW Oj PӝW
ORjL Fi NLQK WӃ TXDQ WUӑQJ ӣ YQJ YHQ ELӇQ WKXӝF GDQK ViFK ÿӓ FҫQ ÿѭӧF EҧR YӋ ӣ
QKLӅX QѭӟF 7UҫQ 1JӑF +ҧL 1JX\ӉQ 7KDQK 3KѭѫQJ Yj 9NJ 1DP 6ѫQ
&i
QJiW Oj ORjL Fi Fy JLi WUӏ NLQK WӃ FDR FNJQJ ÿm ÿѭӧF QJKLrQ FӭX EӣL FiF WiF JLҧ QKѭ
0DL ĈuQK 7UѭѫQJ 7Kӫ .KRD Yj 7UҫQ 7Kӏ 7KX +ѭѫQJ
5DLERWK
1JX\ӉQ +ӳX 3KөQJ
1JX\ӉQ %ҥFK /RDQ
Yj .LVKLPRWR
«1KuQ FKXQJ FiF QJKLrQ FӭX Qj\ FKӍ ÿӅ FұS YӅ ÿӏQK GDQK


SKkQ Eӕ Yj JҫQ ÿk\ Fy QKLӅX QJKLrQ FӭX YӅ ÿһF ÿLӇP VLQK KӑF GLQK GѭӥQJ VLQK
WUѭӣQJ VLQK VҧQ 7X\ QKLrQ FzQ QKLӅX YҩQ ÿӅ FKѭD ÿѭӧF OjP U} QKѭ QӅQ ÿi\ OѭX
WӕF QѭӟF FӫD P{L WUѭӡQJ VӕQJ FӫD Fi ĈһF ELӋW Oj Vӵ SKkQ Eӕ FӫD Fi ӣ PӝW WX\ӃQ
V{QJ WKu FKѭD ÿѭӧF OjP U} ĈӇ Eә VXQJ GүQ OLӋX OjP Fѫ Vӣ FKR YLӋF NKDL WKiF EҧR
YӋ Yj SKiW WULӇQ QJXӗQ OӧL FӫD ORjL Fi Qj\ 7ӯ ÿk\ ³ĈһF WtQK SKkQ Eӕ FӫD Fi
QJiW 3ORWRVXV FDQLXV GӑF WX\ӃQ V{QJ +ұX´ ÿѭӧF WKӵF KLӋQ
0өF WLrX QJKLrQ FӭX FӫD ÿӅ WjL
1KҵP WKX WKұS WKrP WK{QJ WLQ YӅ ÿһF WtQK SKkQ Eӕ FӫD ORjL Fi Qj\ JyS SKҫQ KRjQ
FKӍQK ÿһF ÿLӇP VLQK KӑF FӫD Fi QJiW QJRjL Wӵ QKLrQ SKөF Yө FKR YLӋF JLҧQJ Gҥ\
KӑF WұS Yj FiF QJKLrQ FӭX WLӃS WKHR
1ӝL GXQJ QJKLrQ FӭX
ĈӇ WKӵF ÿѭӧF QKӳQJ PөF WLrX WUrQ ÿӅ WjL WLӃQ KjQK QJKLrQ FӭX FiF QӝL GөQJ VDX
ĈLӅX WUD QJѭ GkQ NKDL WKiF YӅ Vӵ [XҩW KLӋQ FӫD Fi QJiW GӑF WKHR WX\ӃQ V{QJ

+ұX
ĈһF WtQK SKkQ Eӕ FӫD Fi QJiW 3ORWRVXV FDQLXV ӣ FiF NKX YӵF VLQK WKiL
QѭӟF QJӑW Yj QѭӟF Oӧ GӑF WX\ӃQ V{QJ +ұX
.KҧR ViW PӝW Vӕ \ӃX Wӕ P{L WUѭӡQJ QѭӟF GӑF WKHR WX\ӃQ V{QJ +ұX


&KѭѫQJ
7Ә1* 48$1 7¬, /,ӊ8
7әQJ TXDQ
%ӝ Fi GD WUѫQ 6LOXULIRUPHV Oj PӝW WURQJ QKӳQJ Eӝ Fy Vӕ OѭӧQJ ORjL WѭѫQJ ÿӕL
SKRQJ SK~ Yj ÿD GҥQJ WURQJ QKyP Fi [ѭѫQJ &iF ORjL Fi Qj\ GDR ÿӝQJ NKi PҥQK
YӅ NtFK WKѭӟF Yj FiFK WKӭF VLQK VӕQJ Fi WUD GҫX 3DQJDVLXV JLJDV Oj ORjL Fy NKӕL
OѭӧQJ OӟQ QKҩW ӣ Ĉ{QJ 1DP È Yj WӟL FiF ORjL Fi GjL QKҩW Oj Fi QKHR &KkX ÆX
6LOXUXV JODQLV FӫD ÿҥL OөF È ± ÆX KD\ QKӳQJ ORjL FKӍ ăQ FiF VLQK YұW FKӃW ӣ OӟS
QѭӟF FӫD WҫQJ ÿi\ KD\ FiF ORjL Fi Nê VLQK QKӓ Ep QKѭ 9DQGHOOLD FLUUKRVD &y FiF
ORjL Fi YӟL FiF NLӇX WҩP [ѭѫQJ EҧR YӋ FNJQJ QKѭ FiF ORjL Fi NK{QJ Fy WҩP [ѭѫQJ
EҧR YӋ Qj\ QKѭQJ WҩW Fҧ FK~QJ ÿӅX NK{QJ Fy Yҧ\ .K{QJ SKҧL ORjL Fi GD WUѫQ QjR
FNJQJ Fy UkX FiF ÿһF WUѭQJ ÿӇ [iF ÿӏQK Eӝ 6LOXULIRUPHV Oj WKkQ WUҫQ KRһF SKӫ
[ѭѫQJ WҩP NK{QJ Fy UăQJ KҫX GҥQJ ÿLӇQ KuQK 7URQJ Eӝ Fi Qj\ Fy QKLӅX ORjL Fi
Fy JLi WUӏ NLQK WӃ FDR Yj PӝW Vӕ Oj ÿӕL WѭӧQJ QX{L 0DL ĈuQK 'R ÿy Fy NKi QKLӅX F{QJ WUuQK QJKLrQ FӭX YӅ Fi GD WUѫQ WX\ QKLrQ QKұQ ÿӏQK Qj\
NK{QJ ÿ~QJ YӟL Fi QJiW 3ORWRVXV FDQLXV 7KHR 1JX\ӉQ %ҥFK /RDQ
FiF
F{QJ WUuQK QJKLrQ FӭX YӅ Fi QJiW ӣ 9LӋW 1DP FKѭD QKLӅX Yj FKӍ GӯQJ OҥL ӣ PӭF
PLrX Wҧ Vѫ OѭӧF ÿһF ÿLӇP KuQK WKiL SKkQ ORҥL FNJQJ QKѭ ÿһF ÿLӇP SKkQ Eӕ 0ӝW
Vӕ QӝL GXQJ QJKLrQ FӭX YӅ Fi QJiW Yj FiF YҩQ ÿӅ Fy OLrQ TXDQ ÿѭӧF WәQJ KӧS Yj
WUuQK Ej\ GѭӟL ÿk\
3KkQ ORҥL
%ӝ 6LOXULIRUPHV JӗP
Kӑ

JLӕQJ
ORjL Fy UӝQJ NKҳS WUrQ WKӃ JLӟL 7URQJ
Kӑ WKu Fy PӝW Vӕ Kӑ Fy JLi WUӏ NLQK WӃ ÿm ÿѭӧF QX{L Yj NKDL WKiF QKѭ $ULLGDH
Fi ~F %DJULGDH Fi FKӕW &ODULLGDH Fi WUr ,FWDOXULLGDH Fi QKHR 3DQJDVLLGDH
Fi WUѫQ 3ORWRVLGDH Fi QJiW 6LOXULGDH Fi OHR « IHUUDULV
+ӑ Fi QJiW Oj PӝW Kӑ Fi GD WUѫQ Fy GDQK SKiS NKRD KӑF 3ORWRVLGDH YӟL ÿX{L NpR
GjL JLӕQJ ÿX{L OѭѫQ &i ORjL Fi Qj\ Fy QJXӗQ JӕF Wӯ ҨQ Ĉӝ 'ѭѫQJ Yj PLӅQ Wk\
7KiL %uQK 'ѭѫQJ Wӯ 1KұW %ҧQ ÿӃQ $XVWUDOXD Yj )LML
&i 1JiW Fy WrQ WLӃQJ $QK Oj *UD\HOO FDWILVK
7rQ WLӃQJ 9LӋW Fi 1JiW Fi 1JiW 1DQK Fi 1JiW &Ky


&iF ÿӗQJ GDQK FӫD Fi QJiW 3ORWRVXV FDQLXV
7rQ NKRD KӑF

7iF JLҧ

3ORWRVXV FDQLXV

+DPLOWRQ

3OWRVXV KRUULGXV

%OHHNHU

3ORWRVXV PXOWLUDGLGLDWXV

%OHHNHU

3ORWRVXV XQLFRORU

9DOHQFLHQQHV

3ORWRVXV YLYLSDUXV

%OHHNHU

7URQJ ÿy 3ORWRVXV FDQLXV +DPLOWRQ
7KHR GүQ OLӋX Wӯ ,WLV
VDX

ÿѭӧF Vӱ GөQJ SKә ELӃQ WUrQ WKӃ JLӟL

KӋ WKӕQJ SKkQ ORҥL FӫD Fi QJiW ÿѭӧF [iF ÿӏQK QKѭ

*LӟL

$QLPDOLD

1JjQK

&KRUGDWD

1JjQK SKө

9HUWHEUDWD

7әQJ OӟS

2VWHLFKWK\HV

/ӟS

$FWLQRSWHU\JLL

/ӟS SKө

1HRSWHU\JLL

7әQJ Eӝ

2VWDULRSK\VL

%ӝ

6LOXULIRUP

+ӑ

3ORWRVLGDH %OHHNHU

*LӕQJ

3ORWRVXV /DFHSqGH

/RjL

3ORWRVXV FDQLXV +DPLOWRQ

7UrQ WKӃ JLӟL Kӑ 3ORWRVLGDH Fy

JLӕQJ

$QRGRQWLJODQLV 5HQGDKO
&QLGRJODQLV *XQWKHU
(XULVWKPXV 2JLOE\
1HRVLOXURLGHV $OOHQ DQG )HLQEHUJ
1HRVLOXUXV 6WHLQGDFKQHU


2ORSWRVXV :HEHU
3DUDSORWRVXV EOHHNHU
3ORWRVXV /DFHSqGH
3RURFKLOXV :HEHU
7DQGDQXV PLWFKHOO
*LӕQJ 3ORWRVXV /DFHSqGH
&y
ORjL 3ORWRVXV DEEUHYLDWXV 3ORWRVXV
OLQHDWXV 3ORWRVXV 1NXQJD 3ORWRVXV EUHYLEDUEXV 3ORWRVXV FDQLXV 3ORWRVXV
ILVDGRKD 3ORWRVXV OLPEDWXV 3ORWRVXV SDSXHQVLV
%rQ FҥQK ÿy WKHR Ӣ 1KұW %ҧQ JLӕQJ Qj\ [XҩW
KLӋQ PӝW ORjL PӟL Oj 3ORWRVXV MDSRQLFXV 3URNRILHY
FNJQJ ÿm SKkQ ORҥL PӝW
ORjL PӟL Wӯ ORjL 3ORWRVXV OLQHDWXV Yj ÿһF WrQ Oj 3ORWRVXV 1KDWUDQJHQVLV 1Kѭ Yұ\
WURQJ WәQJ Vӕ ORjL Fi WURQJ JLӕQJ 3ORWRVXV Oj
ORjL
+LӋQ QD\ JLӕQJ 3ORWRVXV Fy KDL ORjL ÿm ÿѭӧF SKkQ ORҥL Oj 3ORWRVXV FDQLXV Yj
3ORWRVXV OLQHDWXV GӵD WUrQ QKӳQJ ÿһF ÿLӇP KuQK WKiL VDX
%ҧQJ

ĈһF ÿLӇP SKkQ ORҥL ORjL 3ORWRVXV FDQLXV Yj 3ORWRVXV OLQHDWXV

ĈһF ÿLӇP KuQK WKiL

3ORWRVXV FDQLXV

5kX PNJL

.pR GjL UD NKӓL Eӡ PҳW UҩW [D &KѭD TXD NKӓL Eӡ VDX FӫD
PҳW

0ҳW

+uQK FҫX QKӓ

0jX VҳF WKkQ

7RjQ WKkQ Fy PjX [iP ÿHQ &y VӑF WUҳQJ Wӯ WUrQ ÿҫX
ÿӃQ QkX ÿHQ
FKҥ\ VRQJ VRQJ ErQ WKkQ
VXӕW FKLӅX GjL Fѫ WKӇ

3ORWRVXV OLQHDWXV

+uQK EҫX GөF OӟQ


+uQK

3ORWRVXV FDQLXV

KWWS ZZZ ILVKEDVH RUJ
+uQK WKiL Yj ÿһF ÿLӇP QKұQ GҥQJ
.tFK WKѭӟF
' ,

±

PP

3 ,

9

'jL FKXҭQ GjL ÿҫX

±
±

'jL ÿҫX NKRҧQJ FiFK KDL PҳW
'jL FKXҭQ &DR WKkQ
'jL ÿҫX ÿѭӡQJ NtQK PҳW

±
±
±

ĈҫX WR GҽS EҵQJ PLӋQJ GѭӟL QҵP WUrQ PһW SKҷQJ QҵP QJDQJ NK{QJ FR GXӛL
ÿѭӧF 0{L Gҫ\ Fy YLӅQ UXD 5ăQJ KuQK KҥW FӭQJ FKҳF &y ÿ{L UkX WR 0ӝW ÿ{L

UkX PNJL PӝW ÿ{L UkX PpS QKѭQJ KѫL OӋFK YӅ SKtD KjP WUrQ Yj KDL ÿ{L UkX KjP
GѭӟL 0ҳW Fi QKӓ QҵP ӣ PһW OѭQJ FӫD ÿҫX +DL PjQJ PDQJ GtQK QKDX PӝW SKҫQ
Yj GtQK YӟL FR PDQJ
7KkQ GjL SKҫQ WUѭӟF WUzQ SKҫQ VDX GҽS ErQ PӓQJ Yj PӅP PҥL ĈѭӡQJ ErQ KRjQ
WRjQ FKҥ\ Wӯ PpS WUrQ Oӛ PDQJ ÿӃQ ÿLӇP JLӳD JӕF YL ÿX{L 9L QJӵF Yj YL OѭQJ Fy
ÿӝF Wӕ PҥQK
&y KDL Yk\ OѭQJ Yk\ OѭQJ WKӭ QKҩW Yj Yk\ QJӵF Fy JDL FӭQJ Yj Fy UăQJ FѭD Yk\
OѭQJ WKӭ KDL Yj Yk\ KұX P{Q QӕL OLӅQ YӟL ÿX{L
0һW OѭQJ FӫD WKkQ Yj ÿҫX Fy PjX QkX ÿHQ ÿӃQ QkX ÿӓ Yj QKҥW GҫQ [XӕQJ EөQJ
EөQJ Fi Yj PһW GѭӟL FӫD ÿҫX Fy PjX WUҳQJ VӳD 5kX PpS Yj UkX PNJL VұP KѫQ UkX
KjP GѭӟL 7KHR 7UѭѫQJ 7Kӫ .KRD Yj 7UҫQ 7Kӏ 7KX +XѫQJ
7KHR -XTXHLUD HW DO
JDL FӫD Fi QJiW UҩW ÿӝF 7ҥL YQJ Eӏ WKѭѫQJ Qy Fy WKӇ
WҥR UD Vӵ ÿDX QKӭF Gӳ GӝL VѭQJ Wҩ\ Yj OjP KRҥL Wӱ Fѫ


ĈһF ÿLӇP FKXQJ JL~S SKkQ ELӋW Kӑ 3ORWRVLGDH YӟL FiF Kӑ Fi NKiF WURQJ Eӝ
6LOXULIRUPHV ÿѭӧF PӝW Vӕ WiF JLҧ PLrX Wҧ VDX
%ҧQJ

ĈһF ÿLӇP KuQK WKiL FKXQJ FӫD Kӑ 3ORWLVLGDH
ĈһF ÿLӇP FKXQJ

7iF JLҧ QăP

&ѫ WKӇ WKRQ GjL KҽS GҫQ YӅ SKtD ÿX{L

+HQU\

ĈҫX QKӓ

5ăQJ KuQK QyQ
%RQJ EyQJ NKt NK{QJ GtQK YjR [ѭѫQJ VӕQJ
.K{QJ Fy YL Pӣ YL QJӵ Fy KDL JDL FӭQJ KD\
PӅP Fy UăQJ FѭD VҳF
5ăQJ Oi PtD Fy GҥQJ OѭӥL OLӅP [ӃS WKjQK QKLӅX Gm\

0DL ĈuQK
&y ÿ{L UkX

&WY

ĈҫX KѫL GҽS ÿӭQJ
9k\ OѭQJ Fy JDL FӭQJ

5DLQERWK

7KkQ NK{QJ SKӫ Yҭ\
9k\ OѭQJ WKӭ KDL GtQK OLӅQ YӟL Yk\ OѭQJ Yj
Yk\ KұX P{Q

+uQK

&i QJiW 3ORWRVXV FDQLXV


3KkQ Eӕ Yj P{L WUѭӡQJ VӕQJ
9Ӆ ÿһF ÿLӇP KuQK WKiL ErQ QJRjL FӫD Fi 7UѫQ UҩW ÿD GҥQJ Yj Fy QKLӅX ELӃQ ÿәL ÿӇ
WKtFK QJKL YӟL P{L WUѭӡQJ VӕQJ ĈLӇP FKXQJ QKҩW FӫD Eӝ 6LOXULIRUPHV ÿy Oj GD
WUѫQ Yҭ\ Eӏ WKӕL KyD FK~QJ Fy Fѫ TXDQ K{ KҩS SKө Yj Fy NKҧ QăQJ K{ KҩS TXD GD

9u WKӃ FK~QJ Fy NKҧ QăQJ VӕQJ UҩW OkX WURQJ EQ KD\ P{L WUѭӡQJ WKLӃX R[\ Yu FKӍ
FҫQ GX\ WUu ÿӫ ÿӝ ҭP FKR GD +ӝL WKҧR QJKLrQ FӭX Fi GD WUѫQ ӣ ĈӗQJ %ҵQJ 6{QJ
&ӱX /RQJ
&iF ORjL Fi GD WUѫQ VӕQJ FKӫ \ӃX ӣ QѭӟF QJӑW QJRҥL WUӯ FiF ORjL WKXӝF KDL Kӑ
3ORWRVLGDH Yj $ULLGDH VӕQJ ӣ QѭӟF Oӧ Yj QѭӟF PһQ 0DL ĈuQK &i GD WUѫQ ÿD GҥQJ QKҩW WҥL NKX YӵF QKLӋW ÿӟL 1DP 0ӻ &KkX 3KL Yj &KkX È
7UrQ PӝW QӳD Vӕ ORjL Fi GD WUѫQ VLQK VӕQJ WҥL &KkX 0ӻ &K~QJ Oj FiF ORjL Fi GX\
QKҩW FӫD VLrX Eӝ 2VWDULRSK\VL ÿm GX\ Fѭ YjR FiF P{L WUѭӡQJ VӕQJ QѭӟF QJӑW ӣ
0DGDJDVFDU $XVWUDOLD Yj 1HZ *XLQHD &iF ÿҥL GLӋQ FӫD Eӝ 6LOXULIRUPHV tW QKҩW Oj
Kӑ Oj FiF ORjL VLQK VӕQJ QJҫP GѭӟL ÿҩW YӟL Kӑ Fy NKҧ QăQJ VLQK VӕQJ WURQJ FiF
KDQJ KӕF 9u WKӃ Fi GD WUѫQ Oj PӝW WURQJ QKӳQJ QKyP Fi VӕQJ WURQJ KDQJ
&iF ORjL Fi WKXӝF Kӑ 3ORWRVXV SKkQ Eӕ Fҧ ED P{L WUѭӡQJ QѭӟF QJӑW QѭӟF Oӧ QѭӟF
PһQ ӣ YQJ QKLӋW ÿӟL *RPRQ
0ӝW Vӕ ORjL Fi QѭӟF SKkQ Eӕ JҫQ Eӡ PӝW
NKiF WKu VӕQJ WURQJ FiF UҥQ VDQ K{ ÿi QJҫP &iF ORjL Fi Qj\ VӕQJ ӣ JҫQ ÿi\ Fi
FRQ WұS WUXQJ WKjQK WӯQJ ÿjQ YӟL PұW ÿӝ Gj\ ÿһF 'H %UXLQ HO DW
&i 1JiW SKkQ Eӕ UӝQJ NKҳS ӣ YQJ QKLӋW ÿӟL YQJ ҨQ Ĉӝ 7k\ 7KiL %uQK
'ѭѫQJ [XҩW KLӋQ QKLӅX ӣ YQJ FӱD V{QJ ÿҫP SKi QѭӟF Oӧ WX\ QKLrQ FK~QJ FNJQJ
Fy WKӇ VӕQJ ӣ Fҧ QKӳQJ YQJ QѭӟF QJӑW VkX WURQJ QӝL ÿLҥ 7UҫQ 1JӑF +ҧL
1JX\ӉQ WKDQK 3KѭѫQJ Yj 9NJ 1DP 6ѫQ
&i WKѭӡQJ VӕQJ WURQJ KDQJ 3KkQ
Eӕ ӣ ÒF %DQODGHVK %UXQHL 'DUVP &DPSXFKLD ,QGRQHVLD /jR 3KLOLSSLQHV
6LQJDSRUH 6UL /DQND 7KiL /DQ ҨQ Ĉӝ 0LӃQ ĈLӋQ 0LDPD 0m /DL 0DODLVLD
Yj 9LӋW 1DP )LVKEDVH
&iF TXҫQ ÿҧR JLӳD ҨQ Ĉӝ &KkX ÒF Yj 9LӋW 1DP
7UѭѫQJ 7Kӫ .KRD Yj 7UҫQ 7Kӏ 7KX +XѫQJ
7KHR 5DLQERWK
Fi
QJiW SKkQ Eӕ Wӵ QKLrQ ӣ YQJ QѭӟF QJӑW KRһF Oӧ FӫD FiF Kҥ OѭX FӫD FiF FRQ V{QJ
ӣ FiF YQJ YHQ ELӇQ Wӯ 6UL /DQND ÿӃQ 1HX *XLQHD 7KHR $KPHG

WUtFK GүQ
EӣL 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ 7KҧR
WKu Fi QJiW 3ORWRVXV FDQLXV VӕQJ ӣ P{L WUѭӡQJ QѭӟF
PһQ


+uQK

3KkQ Eӕ FӫD Fi 1JiW WUrQ WKӃ JLӟL

/RjL Fi QJiW 3ORWRVXV FDQLXV VӕQJ ÿi\ 9QJ QѭӟF QJӑW QѭӟF Oӧ QѭӟF PһQ
SKkQ Eӕ FKӫ \ӃX ӣ YQJ YHQ ELӇQ FiF QѭӟF %DQODGHVK 0\DQPD 7KiL
/DQ 6XQGDODQG 6XODZHVL 0ROXFDV ҨQ Ĉӝ
/RjL Fi QJiW VӑF 3ORWRVXV OLQHDWXV 6ӕQJ WURQJ QѭӟF Oӧ QѭӟF PһQ Fy ÿӝ VkX Wӯ
P SKkQ Eӕ ӣ SKtD Wk\ ҨQ Ĉӝ 'ѭѫQJ ,QGLDQ 2FHDQ Yj ELӇQ Ҧ 5ұS 7KHR
1JX\ӉQ +ӳX 3KөQJ Yj 1JX\ӉQ 1KұW 7KL
Ӣ OѭX YӵFF V{QJ 0HNRQJ Fi QJiW ÿѭӧF WuP WKҩ\ ӣ Kҥ OѭX FӫD FiF FRQ V{QJ Fy NtFK
WKѭӟF WUXQJ EuQK Yj OӟQ 5DLQERWK
Ӣ 9LӋW 1DP Fi QJiW VӕQJ ӣ FiF YQJ QѭӟF Oӧ Kҥ OѭX FiF FRQ V{QJ PLӅQ QDP
7KHR 9} 7KDQK 7kP
Fi QJiW SKkQ Eӕ ӣ V{QJ UҥFK NK{QJ SKkQ Eӕ WUrQ
UXӝQJ ÿӗQJ
1ѭӟF WD Fy
ORjL 3ORWRVXV OLQHDWXV 3ORWRVXV FDQLXV Yj 3DUDSORWRVXV
DOLELODEULV WKXӝF KDL JLӕQJ 3ORWRVXV Yj 3DUDSORWRVXV 7URQJ ÿy ORjL 3ORWRVXV
OLQHDWXV ÿѭӧF WuP WKҩ\ ӣ YӏQK %ҳF %ӝ 9j 0LӅQ 7UXQJ 9LӋW 1DP /RjL 3ORWRVXV
FDQLXV WKu ÿѭӧF WuP WKҩ\ ӣ PLӅQ QDP 9LӋW 1DP Yj WURQJ V{QJ 0H.RQJ 1JX\ӉQ
+ӳX 3KөQJ Yj 1JX\ӉQ 1KұW 7KL
Ӣ Ĉ%6&/ WKu Fi 1JiW 3ORWRVXV FDQLXV
KLӋQ GLӋQ ӣ KҫX KӃW FiF QѫL FӫD KDL WX\ӃQ V{QJ 7LӅQ Yj V{QJ +ұX Wӯ FiF V{QJ

NrQK OӟQ QѭӟF QJӑW Fy QӗQJ ÿӝ PXӕL R RR WKXӝF FiF WӍQK ĈӗQJ 7KiS $Q *LDQJ
&ҫQ 7Kѫ ÿӃQ FiF WKXӹ YӵF QѭӟF Oӧ QKѭ YQJ FӱD V{QJ ELӇQ YHQ Eӡ QѫL Fy QӗQJ
R
ÿӝ PXӕL
RR WKXӝF FiF WӍQK %ӃQ 7UH 6yF 7UăQJ 1JX\ӉQ %ҥFK /RDQ
7UҫQ 7UӑQJ &KѫQ
[iF ÿӏQK ÿѭӧF Fi QJiW 3ORWRVXV FDQLXV WURQJ NKX YӵF


[m %uQK .KiQK KX\ӋQ &ҫQ *Lӡ Yj WKHR /LQVWHDG HW DO
Fi QJiW 3ORWRVXV
FDQLXV ÿѭӧF WuP WKҩ\ ӣ NKX YӵF ErQ WURQJ Yj ErQ QJRjL NKX EҧR WӗQ &ҫQ *Lӡ
%ҧQJ
7KHR NӃW TXҧ NKҧR ViW FӫD /kP 9ăQ 0LQK
FiF P{L WUѭӡQJ SKkQ Eӕ QKѭ VDX

Fi 1JiW Fy WKӇ VӕQJ QѫL Fy

7UXQJ EuQK FiF ÿLӇP WKX
&iF \ӃX Wӕ P{L WUѭӡQJ
%D 7UL

7LӋP 7{P

9jP 1DR

2[\ SSP
1KLӋW ÿӝ QѭӟF &
Ĉӝ PһQ Å
S+

Ĉӝ WURQJ
ĈһF ÿLӇP GLQK GѭӥQJ
7tQK ăQ FӫD Fi GD WUѫQ FNJQJ WKD\ ÿәL WKHR NtFK WKѭӟF Fѫ WKӇ /~F QKӓ
QJj\
WXәL Fi GLQK GѭӥQJ FKӫ \ӃX EҵQJ QRmQ KRjQJ VDX ÿy FKX\ӇQ VDQJ ăQ ÿӝQJ YұW
SK GX Fӣ QKӓ ÿӕL YӟL Fi WUѫQ ӣ JLDL ÿRҥQ Fi FRQ WKu WKӭF ăQ FKӫ \ӃX Oj JLiS [iF
QKӓ URWLIHUD SK\WRSODQNWRQ «6ӕ QJj\ WXәL WăQJ WKu WKӭF ăQ Oj JLiS [iF QKӓ JLҧP
Yj WKӭF ăQ Oj JLiS [iF OӟQ WăQJ 9DKWD
WUtFK GүQ EӣL 1JX\ӉQ 9ăQ .LӇP
+ҫX KӃW Fi WUѫQ ÿӅX Fy NKҧ QăQJ Vӱ GөQJ QKLӅX ORҥL WKӭF ăQ NKiF QKDX Yj
VLQK WUѭӣQJ FӫD Fi Fy SKҫQ NK{QJ WăQJ NKL WKjQK SKҫQ ÿҥP YѭӧW TXD
%XWWOH
WUtFK GүQ EӣL /HQJ %XQ /RQJ
1JKLrQ FӭX KuQK WKiL FҩX WҥR Fѫ WKӇ Fi QKѭ Yӏ WUt PLӋQJ UkX PҳW UăQJ NtFK
WKѭӟF PLӋQJ « JL~S KLӇX U} KѫQ YӅ ORҥL WKӭF ăQ Wӵ QKLrQ Yj WұS WtQK EҳW PӗL FӫD
Fi &i Fy PLӋQJ GѭӟL KD\ PLӋQJ QҵP ӣ PһW EөQJ WKu NKҷQJ ÿӏQK ÿk\ Oj ORjL ăQ
ÿi\ 6ӵ [XҩW KLӋQ FӫD FiF UăQJ QKӑQ ӣ KjP FKӭQJ Wӓ FK~QJ Fy NKҧ QăQJ EҳW [p
PӗL QKѭ Yұ\ ÿk\ Oj Fi ăQ WKӏW 6ӵ KuQK WKjQK Yj SKiW WULӇQ FӫD PҳW FNJQJ Oj \ӃX Wӕ
TXDQ WUӑQJ WURQJ YLӋF OӵD WUӑQ WKӭF ăQ FӫD Fi WURQJ Wӵ QKLrQ $OLNXQKL
WUtFK
WKHR 1JX\ӉQ %ҥFK /RDQ
7KHR 5DLQERWK
ӣ JLDQ ÿRҥQ Fi WUѭӣQJ WKjQK WKu KҫX KӃW FiF ORҥL Fi GD WUѫQ
WKѭӡQJ Fy WtQK ăQ WҥS WKLrQ YӅ ÿӝQJ YұW 7KHR 1JX\ӉQ %ҥFK /RDQ
NKL


SKkQ WtFK WKӭF ăQ WURQJ ӕQJ WLrX KRi Yj TXDQ ViW KuQK GҥQJ FҩX WҥR FiF Fѫ TXDQ
WLrX KRi FKR WKҩ\ Fi 1JiW 3ORWRVXV FDQLXV Oj ORjL ăQ WҥS QJKLrQJ YӅ ÿӝQJ YұW
%rQ FҥQK ÿy SKLrX VLQK WKӵF YұW WX\ Fy NtFK WKѭӟF QKӓ QKѭQJ Fy WҫQ Vӕ [XҩW KLӋQ

FDR WURQJ ӕQJ WLrX KRi FӫD Fi 1JiW 'R ÿy QrQ OѭX ê ÿӃQ NKҭX SKҫQ ăQ FӫD ORjL Fi
Qj\ WURQJ NKL ѭѫQJ QX{L
3KѭѫQJ SKiS [iF ÿӏQK WұS WtQK GLQK GѭӥQJ FӫD Fi
7ѭѫQJ TXDQ JLӳD FKLӅX GjL UXӝW Yj FKLӅX GjL WKkQ
&KӍ Vӕ WѭѫQJ TXDQ JLӳD FKLӅX GjL UXӝW Yj WUӑQJ OѭӧQJ Fi 5/* WKѭӡQJ ÿѭӧF Vӱ
GөQJ ÿӇ Gӵ ÿyQ WtQK ăQ FӫD Fi *Li WUӏ 5/* NK{QJ QKӳQJ WKD\ ÿәL JLӳD FiF ORjL
NKiF QKDX Pj FRQ WKD\ ÿәL WURQJ WӯQJ Fi WKӇ WKHR JLDL ÿRҥQ SKiW WULӇQ Yj ÿѭӧF
WtQK QKѭ VDX
0ӕL TXDQ KӋ JLӳD NtFK Fӣ PLӋQJ Yj NtFK WKѭӟF PӗL
6KLURWD
7UtFK GүQ EӣL +ӗ 0ӻ +ҥQK
ÿm ÿR NtFK Fӣ PLӋQJ FӫD
QKLӅX ORjL Fi NӇ Fi QѭӟF QJӑW Yj Fi ELӇQ WURQJ VXӕW WKӡL JLDQ SKiW WULӇQ FӫD Fi
ÐQJ FKR UҵQJ QKӳQJ ORjL Fi NKiF QKDX WKu FNJQJ NKiF QKDX YӅ Wӹ OӋ ÿӝ UӝQJ PLӋQJ
NKL Pӣ Yj FKLӅX GjL WKkQ Fi ÿѭӧF [pW ÿӃQ ÐQJ ÿm NӃW OXұQ QKӳQJ FRQ Fi Fy PLӋQJ
QKӓ SKiW WULӇQ FKұP KѫQ QKӳQJ FRQ Fi Fy PLӋQJ OӟQ
ĈһF ÿLӇP VLQK WUѭӣQJ
6LQK WUѭӣQJ FӫD Fi Oj TXi WUuQK JLD WăQJ YӅ NtFK WKѭӟF Yj WtFK OXӻ WKrP NKӕL OѭӧQJ
Fѫ WKӇ WURQJ Vӵ WKD\ ÿәL ÿӅX ÿһQ FӫD Fi Yj TXi WUuQK Qj\ ÿһF WUѭQJ FKR PӛL ORjL Fi
Yj WKӇ KLӋQ TXD PӕL WѭѫQJ TXDQ JLӳD FKLӅX GjL Yj NKӕL OѭӧQJ FӫD Fi 1LFROVN\
Ӣ &i 1JiW 3ORWRVXV FDQLXV WѭѫQJ TXDQ JLӳD FKLӅX GjL Yj WUӑQJ OѭӧQJ WKkQ WKӇ
KLӋQ TXD SKѭѫQJ WUuQK \
YӟL KӋ Vӕ WѭѫQJ TXDQ 5
1KѭQJ
NKL FKLӅX GjL Fi / ! FP Yj WUӑQJ OѭӧQJ : !
J WKu WѭѫQJ TXDQ JLӳD FKLӅX GjL
Yj WUӑQJ OѭӧQJ FӫD Fi NK{QJ FzQ FKһW FKӁ QӳD ÿӅX Qj\ [m\ UD Oj GR KҫX KӃW Fi ÿm
WKjQK WKөF Yj WKDP JLD VLQK VҧQ 1JX\ӉQ %ҥFK ORDQ
ĈһF ÿLӇP VLQK VҧQ
&i 1JiW QKӓ QKҩW Fy EXӗQ WUӭQJ SKiW WULӇQ ÿӃQ JLDL ÿRҥQ ,9 Fy FKLӅX GjL WKkQ

/
FP Yj WUӑQJ OѭӑQJ Z
J Ӣ JLDL ÿRҥQ Qj\ EXӗQJ WUӭQJ FKLӃP SKҫQ
OӟQ WKӇ WtFK [RDQJ QӝL TXDQ 7UӭQJ Fi Fy Fy PjX YjQJ QJKӋ NtFK WKѭӟF NKi OӟQ
ÿѭӡQJ NtQK WUӭQJ Wӯ
±
PP 0D Yө VLQK VҧQ FӫD Fi 1JiW Oj YjR PD PѭD


Yj WKѭӡQJ ÿҿ Uӝ YjR WKiQJ
KjQJ QăP Fi Fy VӭF VLQK VҧQ WѭѫQJ ÿӕL WKҩS
ELӃQ ÿӝQJ Wӯ
±
WUӭQJ NJ Fi FiL 1JX\ӉQ %ҥFK /RDQ
&i Eӕ Pҽ FKR VLQK VҧQ Fy NtFK Fӣ WUXQJ EuQK ±
NJ 7UӭQJ Fi VDX NKL WKө WLQK
Fy ÿѭӡQJ NtQK WUXQJ EuQK
PP ҨX WUQJ PӟL Qӣ Fy FKLӅX GjL WUXQJ EuQK
PP QRmQ KRjQJ GjL
PP 6DX PӝW WXҫQ ѭѫQJ ҩX WUQJ ÿҥW
PP VDX KDL
WXҫQ ѭѫQJ ÿҥW
PP Yj VDX ED WXҫQ ѭѫQJ ÿҥW WUXQJ EuQK
PP
KWWS ZZZ PHNRQJILVK QHW YQ


&KѭѫQJ
9Ұ7 /,ӊ8 9¬ 3+ѬѪ1* 3+È3 1*+,Ç1 &Ӭ8
ĈһF WtQK SKkQ Eӕ FӫD Fi QJiW ӣ FiF YQJ VLQK WKiL QXӟF QJӑW Yj QXӟF Oӧ GӑF WX\ӃQ

V{QJ +ұX ÿLӅX WUD QJѭ GkQ NKDL WKiF ӣ $Q 3K~ $Q *LDQJ /RQJ ;X\rQ $Q
*LDQJ &ҫQ 7Kѫ ĈҥL 1JmL /RQJ 3K~ 6yF 7UăQJ Yj 7UҫQ ĈӅ 6yF 7UăQJ Yj ÿR
PӝW Vӕ \ӃX Wӕ P{L WUѭӡQJ WҥL FiF ÿӏD ÿLӇP SKӓQJ YҩQ QKѭ S+ QKLӋW ÿӝ ÿӝ PһQ
GzQJ FKҧ\ FNJQJ QKѭ NKҧR ViW PӝW YjL \ӃX Wӕ QKѭ QӅQ ÿi\ ÿӝ VkX Wӯ QJѭӡL GkQ
NKDL WKiF
9ұW OLӋX
0үX YұW
0үX Fi SKөF Yө FKR QJKLrQ FӭX ÿѭӧF WKX WUӵF WLӃS Wӯ FiF WKӫ\ YӵF Wӵ QKLrQ
'өQJ Fө Yj KyD FKҩW
‡

/ѭX WӕF NӃ

‡

0i\ ÿR S+

‡

.K~F [ҥ NӃ

‡

1KLӋW NӃ

‡

)RUPRO WKѭѫQJ PҥL

‡

&DO QKӵD JăQJ WD\ NLP Yj ӕQJ WLrP

‡

0ӝW Vӕ GөQJ Fө NKiF

ĈӏD ÿLӇP Yj WKӡL JLDQ WKӵF KLӋQ
0үX Fi ÿѭӧF WKX WUӵF WLӃS EҵQJ JKH FjR ӣ FiF ÿLӇP GӑF WX\ӃQ V{QJ +ұX QKѭ KuQK
$Q 3K~ $Q *LDQJ /RQJ ;X\rQ $Q *LDQJ &ҫQ 7Kѫ ĈҥL 1JmL 6yF
7UăQJ 7UҫQ ĈӅ 6yF 7UăQJ 7URQJ WKӡL JLDQ Wӯ WKiQJ
ÿӃQ WKiQJ
7LӃQ KjQK ÿLӅX WUD YӅ WKӡL JLDQ [XҩW KLӋQ Fi QJiW WKѭѫQJ SKҭP Fi QJiW PDQJ
WUӭQJ Yj Fi QJiW FRQ


+uQK

7KX PүX WUӵF WLӃS EҵQJ JKH FjR

&iF \ӃX Wӕ P{L WUѭӡQJ ÿR WUӵF WLӃS WҥL KLӋQ WUѭӡQJ O~F WKX PүX Fi

$Q 3K~

/RQJ ;X\rQ
&ҫQ 7Kѫ
ĈҥL 1JmL
7UҫQ ĈӅ
+uQK

&iF ÿӏD ÿLӇP WKX PүX

3KѭѫQJ SKiS QJKLrQ FӭX
7KX Yj EҧR TXҧQ PүX
0үX Fi 1JiW WKX ÿӏQK Nu Wӯ FiF JKH FjR ÿi\ JKH FkX Yj ÿi\ WUө « FӫD QJѭӡL GkQ
0үX Fi VDX NKL WKX ÿѭӧF VӁ UӳD VҥFK VDX ÿy ÿѭӧF EҧR TXҧQ OҥQK KRһF ÿѭӧF QJkP


WURQJ GXQJ GӏFK IRUPRO WKѭѫQJ PҥL
.KRD 7Kӫ\ 6ҧQ ÿӇ SKkQ WtFK

Yj FKX\ӇQ YӅ SKyQJ WKt QJKLӋP FӫD

3KkQ WtFK PүX
&i 1JiW ÿѭӧF ÿӏQK GDQK GӵD WKHR WjL OLӋX SKkQ ORҥL FӫD 0DL ĈuQK 7UѭѫQJ 7Kӫ .KRD Yj 7UҫQ 7Kӏ 7KX +ѭѫQJ
ĈLӅX WUD FiF QJѭ GkQ NKDL WKiF YӅ PD Yө [XҩW KLӋQ Fi QJiW WKѭѫQJ SKҭP Fi QJiW
WUӭQJ Yj Fi QJiW FRQ
&iF \ӃX Wӕ P{L WUѭӡQJ ÿR WUӵF WLӃS WҥL KLӋQ WUѭӡQJ
ĈһF ÿLӇP SKkQ Eӕ
0{L WUѭӡQJ SKkQ Eӕ FӫD Fi QJiW ÿѭӧF [iF ÿӏQK WK{QJ TXD PӝW Vӕ FKӍ WLrX WKӫ\ Ot
Yj WKӫ\ KRi QKѭ S+ ÿӝ PһQ Yj OѭX WӕF QѭӟF QKLӋW ÿӝ
S+ ÿѭӧF ÿR EҵQJ Pi\ ÿR S+
Ĉӝ PһQ ÿѭӧF ÿR EҵQJ NK~F [ҥ NӃ
'zQJ FKҧ\ ÿѭӧF ÿR EҵQJ OѭX WӕF NӃ
6DX NKL QѭӟF ÿR EҵQJ Pi\ ÿR OѭX WӕF NӃ WKu OѭX WӕF QѭӟF ÿѭӧF [iF ÿӏQK EҵQJ
F{QJ WKӭF VDX
9

Q

7URQJ ÿy

Q

57

9 YұQ WӕF QѭӟF P V
5 Vӕ YzQJ TXD\
7 WKӡL JLDQ V
;ӱ Oê Vӕ OLӋX
6ӕ OLӋX ÿѭӧF [ӱ Oê WKHR JLi WUӏ WUXQJ EuQK ÿӝ OӋFK FKXҭQ PLQ PD[ «WUrQ FKѭѫQJ
WUuQK ([FHO YHUVLRQ


&+ѬѪ1* ,9
.ӂ7 48Ҧ 9¬ 7+Ҧ2 /8Ұ1
ĈLӅX NLӋQ P{L WUѭӡQJ
+uQK WKiL SKҩQ Eӕ WKHR FiF ORҥL KuQK WKӫ\ YӵF KӃW VӭF ÿD GҥQJ GR WtQK FKҩW SKӭF
WҥS FӫD FiF WKӫ\ YӵF YӅ ÿһF WtQK WKӫ\ KyD KӑF
0{L WUѭӡQJ VӕQJ FӫD Fi Oj QѭӟF QѭӟF YӟL FiF QKkQ Wӕ YұW Oê KyD KӑF FӫD Qy ÿҧP
EҧR WtQK WѭѫQJ ÿӕL әQ ÿӏQK YӅ KuQK WKiL FKӭF QăQJ WURQJ Fѫ WKӇ Fi 0ӛL ORjL Fi
WKtFK QJKL YӟL PӝW P{L WUѭӡQJ VӕQJ QKҩW ÿӏQK Yj FKӏX Vӵ FKL SKӕL WUӵF WLӃS Pj
FK~QJ VLQK VӕQJ 0ӝW YjL QKkQ Wӕ Fy YDL WUz TXDQ WUӑQJ WURQJ ÿӡL VӕQJ FӫD Fi QKѭ
S+ GzQJ FKҧ\ ÿӝ PһQ QӅQ ÿi\ « GR ÿy ÿӇ ELӃW ÿѭӧF ÿһF ÿLӇP P{L WUѭӡQJ
VӕQJ FӫD Fi QrQ PӝW YjL \ӃX Wӕ WKӫ\ Oê Yj WKӫ\ KyD ÿm ÿѭӧF NKҧR ViW
1KLӋW ÿӝ
1KLӋW ÿӝ Oj PӝW QKkQ Wӕ P{L WUѭӡQJ Fy ҧQK KѭӣQJ UҩW PҥQK Pҿ ÿӃQ FiF KRҥW ÿӝQJ
VӕQJ QKѭ VLQK WUѭӣQJ GLQK GѭӥQJ VLQK VҧQ Yj GL Fѭ FӫD WKӫ\ VLQK YұW ÿһF ELӋW Oj
ÿӕL YӟL Fi Yu Fi ORjL ÿӝQJ YұW ELӃQ QKLӋW 1KLӋW ÿӝ FӫD Fѫ WKӃ Fi FKӍ FKrQK OӋFK
YӟL QKLӋW ÿӝ FӫD P{L WUѭӡQJ QѭӟF NKRҧQJ

± & 1LFRQVNL
WUtFK GүQ
EӣL /kP 9ăQ 0LQK
1KLӋW ÿӝ Fy WURQJ QѭӟF Oj GR PһW WUӡL FXQJ FҩS 1JRjL
UD Fy WKӇ GR QăQJ OѭӧQJ VLQK UD GR TXi WUuQK R[\ KyD FiF KӧS FKҩW KӳX Fѫ Yj Y{
Fѫ WURQJ WKӫ\ YӵF QKѭQJ NK{QJ ÿiQJ NӇ 7KѭӡQJ QKLӋW ÿӝ WKtFK KӧS FKR FiF ORjL
Fi VLQK WUѭӣQJ WӕW QKҩW Oj
& 7X\ QKLrQ JLӟL KҥQ FKӏX ÿӵQJ FӫD Fi WURQJ
NKRҧQJ
& QӃX QKLӋW ÿӝ OӟQ KѫQ KRһF QKӓ KѫQ JLӟL KҥQ Qj\ WKu Fi Fy WKӇ
OjP Fi FKӃW
1KLӋW ÿӝ ӣ Fi ÿӏD ÿLӇP WKX PүX NK{QJ Fy Vӵ FKrQK OӋQK ÿiQJ NӇ SKө OөF
1KLӋW ÿӝ TXD OҫQ NKҧR ViW ӣ PӛL NKX YӵF WKu QKLrW ÿӝ GDR ÿӝQJ WURQJ NKRҧQJ
±
& 7KHR NӃW TXҧ Qj\ WKu QKLӋW ÿӝ FӫD FiF QѫL WKX PүX ÿӅX QҵP WURQJ
NKRҧQJ WKtFK KӧS ÿӇ FiF WKӫ\ VLQK YұW SKiW WULӇQ Yj VLQK WUѭӣQJ WӕW
S+
Ĉӝ S+ ҧQK KѭӣQJ UҩW OӟQ ÿӃQ ÿӡL VӕQJ FӫD WKӫ\ VLQK YұW Qy Oj PӝW WURQJ QKӳQJ
\ӃX Wӕ TX\ӃW ÿӏQK ÿӃQ Vӵ SKkQ Eӕ FӫD WKӫ\ VLQK YұW 9u NKL S+ P{L WUѭӡQJ TXi
FDR KD\ TXi WKҩS ÿӅX NK{QJ WKXұQ OӧL FKR TXi WUuQK SKiW WULӇQ FӫD WKӫ\ VLQK YұW
WiF ÿӝQJ FKӫ \ӃX FӫD S+ Oj NKL TXi FDR KD\ T~D WKҩS Oj OjP WKD\ ÿӕL FKӃ ÿӝ WKҭP
WKҩX FӫD PjQJ WӃ EjR GүQ ÿӃQ OjP UӕL ORҥQ TXi WUuQK WUDR ÿәL PXӕL Yj QѭӟFF JLӳD
Fѫ WKӇ Yj P{L WUѭӡQJ QJRjL Ĉӝ S+ SKө WKXӝF YjR WtQK FKҩW FӫD ÿҩW Yj QѭӟF


S+

QJRjL UD FzQ SKө WKXӝF JLiQ WLӃS TXD TXi WUuQK TXDQJ KӧS Yj K{ KҩS FӫD WKӫ\ VLQK
YұW KRҥW ÿӝQJ FӫD VLQK YұW Yj WiF ÿӝQJ FӫD FRQ QJѭӡL ĈӕL YӟL Fi WKu S+ ҧQK
KѭӟQJ UҩW OӟQ ÿӃQ TXi WUuQK VLQK WUѭӣQJ SKiW WULӇQ GLQK GѭӥQJ WӍ OӋ VӕQJ Yj VLQK

VҧQ &i VӕQJ WURQJ P{L WUѭӡQJ Fy S+ WKҩS VӁ FKұP SKiW GөF Yj QӃX QKѭ S+ TXi
WKҩS WKu Fi ÿҿ UҩW tW KRһF NK{QJ ÿҿ %rQ FҥQK ÿy YL VLQK YұW KRҥW ÿӝQJ UҩW \ӃX KD\
NK{QJ KRҥW ÿӝQJ OjP FҧQ WUӣ TXi WUuQK FKX\ӇQ KyD FiF KӧS FKҩW KӳX Fѫ WKjQK FiF
PXӕL Y{ Fѫ KzD WDQ GүQ ÿӃQ P{L WUѭӡQJ WKLӃX GLQK GѭӥQJ OjP KҥQ FKӃ Vӵ SKiW
WULӇQ FӫD ÿӝQJ YұW SK GX Yj ÿӝQJ YұW ÿi\ JLҧP WKjQK SKҫQ WKӭF ăQ Wӵ QKLrQ FӫD
Fi ĈһF ELӋW NKL S+ QKӓ OjP NKҧ QăQJ NӃW KӧS YӟL R[\ FӫD +HPRJORELQ WURQJ
PiX Fi JLҧP GR ÿy QJѭӥQJ R[\ VӁ WăQJ OrQ 7KHR 7UѭѫQJ 4XӕF 3K~
NKRҧQJ S+ WKtFK KӧS FKR WKӫ\ VLQK YұW Oj
±

$Q 3K~

/RQJ ;X\rQ

&ҫQ 7Kѫ

ĈҥL 1JmL

7UҫQ ĈӅ

ĈӏD ÿLӇP

+uQK

S+ WҥL FiF QѫL WKX PүX

S+ WҥL FiF ÿLӇP WKX PүX GDR ÿӝQJ WURQJ NKRҧQJ
±
.K{QJ Fy Vӵ FKrQK
OӋFK OӟQ JLӳD FiF WKӫ\ YӵF FNJQJ QKѭ ÿӏD ÿLӇP WKX PүX 1KѭQJ TXD Vӕ OLӋX FKR

WKҩ\ ӣ WKӫ\ YӵF QѭӟF QJӑW Fy JLi WUL S+ FDR KѫQ ӣ WKӫ\ YӵF QѭӟF Oӧ JLi WUӏ S+
FDR QKҩW ÿR WҥL $Q 3K~ Yj /RQJ ;X\rQ Oj
“
WURQJ NKL ÿy WҥL 7UҫQ ĈӅ
JLi WUӏ S+ Oj
“
1KuQ FKXQJ JLi WUӏ S+ ÿR ÿѭӧF ӣ FiF KLӋQ WUѭӡQJ WKX
PүX ÿӅX QҵP WURQJ NKRҧQJ WKtFK KӧS FKR WKӫ\ VLQK YұW SKiW WULӇQ FNJQJ QKѭ FKR
Vӵ SKkQ Eӕ FӫD Fi QJiW
Ĉӝ PһQ
9QJ FӱD V{QJ Oj QѫL JLDR QKDX JLӳD GzQJ QѭӟF GzQJ QѭӟF QJӑW Wӯ QJXӗQ ÿә
UD Yj WKXӹ WULӅX GkQJ OrQ ÿm OjP FKR GzQJ QѭӟF PһQ Wӯ ÿҥL GѭѫQJ ÿә YjR FKtQK