MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION & TRAINING

VIETNAM MARITIME UNIVERSITY

STUDENT NAME: HOANG BICH THAO

DISSERTATION
GLOBAL STUDIES AND MARITIME AFFAIRS

RECOMMENDATIONS TO ENHANCE DELIVERING AND
RECEIVING CONTAINER PROCEDURE AT CONTAINER YARD
IN VIETNAM CONTAINER SHIPPING JOINT STOCK
COMPANY- GREEN PORT

HAI PHONG – 2015


MINISTRY OF TRANSPORTATION

MINISTRY OF EDUCATION & TRAINING

VIETNAM MARITIME UNIVERSITY

STUDENT NAME: HOANG BICH THAO
CLASS:

GMA02

DISSERTATION

GLOBAL STUDIES AND MARITIME AFFAIRS

RECOMMENDATIONS TO ENHANCE DELIVERING AND RECEIVING
CONTAINER PROCEDURE AT CONTAINER YARD IN VIETNAM
CONTAINER SHIPPING JOINT STOCK COMPANY- GREEN PORT

Supervisor:

PHAM THI YEN

Division:

Logistics

Faculty:

Economics

HAI PHONG – 2015


Recommendations to enhance delivering and receiving container procedure at
Container yard in Vietnam Container Shipping Joint Stock- Green Port
PREFACE
I declare that this report is my own unaided work. It has not been submitted
before.
If violated, I am solely responsible for and bear the punishments of the Institution
and University.

Student Name and Signature


Hoang Bich Thao

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ACKNOWLEGEMENT
Firstly, I would like to express my sincere gratitude to my advisor Pham Thi
Yen and Tran Thi Minh Trang for the continuous support of my dissertation and
related research, for their patience, motivation, and immense knowledge. Their
guidance helped me in all the time of research and writing of this thesis. I could not
have imagined having a better advisor and mentor for my study.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
PREFACE..................................................................................................................i
ACKNOWLEGEMENT...........................................................................................ii
TABLE OF CONTENTS.........................................................................................iii
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS....................................................................................v
LIST OF TABLES....................................................................................................vi

LIST OF FIGURES.................................................................................................vii
INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................1
Neccessation..........................................................................................................1
Research Object.....................................................................................................2
Research Scope......................................................................................................2
Research Findings..................................................................................................2
CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW...................................................................3
1.1. Overview of container yard (CY)...................................................................3
1.2. Main features of Container yard......................................................................3
1.3. CY planning...................................................................................................4
1.4. The methods of container arrangement in CY.................................................5
1.6. The matters related to CY management...........................................................7
1.7. Regulations of delivering and receiving container...........................................8
CHAPTER II: DILIVERING AND RECEIVING CONTAINER PROCEDURE AT
CONTAINER YARD IN VICONSHIP-GREEN PORT..........................................10
2.1 Overview of Viconship- Green Port...............................................................10
2.1.1. Features of Green Port...........................................................................10
2.1.2 Main services..........................................................................................12
2.1.3 Organization............................................................................................13
2.1.4. Business activities in Green Port............................................................14
2.2.Overview of Container Yard...........................................................................15
2.2.1. Facilities of CY......................................................................................16
2.2.2 Organization............................................................................................16
2.3. Delivering and receiving containers in CY...................................................17
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2.3.2. Delivering containers in CY...................................................................17
2.3.2. Receiving containers in CY...................................................................20
CHAPTER III: EVALUATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO ENHANCE
DELIVERING AND RECEIVING CONTAINER PROCEDURE AT CY IN
GREEN PORT.........................................................................................................23
3.1. Evaluation delivering and receiving container procedure at CY in Green Port
............................................................................................................................. 23
3.1.1 Strength...................................................................................................23
3.1.2. Weakness................................................................................................24
3.1.3. Threat.....................................................................................................25
3.1.4. Opportunity............................................................................................26
3.2. Recommendations to enhance delivering and receiving container procedure at
Container yard in Vietnam Container Shipping Joint Stock- Green Port.............27
3.2.1. Investment in CY planning and information technology........................27
3.2.2. Training and developing human resource...............................................28
3.2.3. Promotion...............................................................................................29
CONCLUSION.......................................................................................................30
REFERENCES........................................................................................................31
APPENDICES.........................................................................................................32

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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
CY


Container Yard.

EIR

Equipment interchange receipt.

FCL

Full Container Load

LCL

Less- than- Container Load

CMC

Container movement card

D/O

Delivery order.

Viconship

Vietnam Container Shipping Cooperation.

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LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Vehicles in CY...........................................................................................16
Table 2: SWOT........................................................................................................26

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LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: The 3D diagrams of Green Port................................................................11
Figure 2: The 2D diagram of Green Port.................................................................11
Figure 3: Shipping way of Green Port.....................................................................12
Figure 4: Organization of Green Port......................................................................13
Figure 5: The cargo volume through Green Port in 2014........................................14
Figure 6: The cargo volume through Green Port (2010-9 first months of 2015)......15
Figure 7: Vehicles in CY.........................................................................................16
Figure 8: CY organization.......................................................................................17
Figure 9: Delivering process....................................................................................17
Figure 10: Receiving process...................................................................................20

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INTRODUCTION
Neccessation
Maritime transportation is always the most oriented fields in Vietnam in
particular and worldwide generally. By the time, shipping industry as well as other
transport industries is increasingly developed. The modernization takes place
according to many trends especially Container shipping is important trend. This
alters aspects of shipping industry. In order to bring containerization into full play, it
requires complete investment not only in shipping companies but also in terminals
as well as related sectors. The results of this investment show the advantages of
Containerized revolution. Benefits of containers do not just stop in convenience of
transferring progress. They also bring advantages in managing, delivery and
receiving cargoes procedures. It can be said that containerization brings
convenience to transporters, cargoes owners, terminals, ports… Containerization
also requires transport companies, container yard, and container port to have large
change about workforce, infrastructure, and facilities as well as continuously
improve and complete services quality in order to serve customers with increasingly
high quality services. In conditions of the current economic integration, the
concentration for developing financial resources, investment in extending berth and
container yard, upgrading facilities and infrastructure with the aim of operating
container yard effectively are urgent problems of CY and other transport services
business enterprises.
In the process of integration and national development, Vietnam Maritime
Transport sector has achieved strong development in both scale and quality. Along
with the innovative modernization of material and technical basis at the ports, the
research, analysis, evaluating the business activities of enterprises are also being

attention. VICONSHIP is one of the firm of shipping agents and freight leading
container port system, storage, private fleet services catering to the transportation of
goods both conventional and containerized cargo in Vietnam. As the development of
the country, the annual volume of goods transported by inland waterways swelled to
serve industrial parks, factories, new urban areas. Facing the opportunities,
advantages and new challenges, waterway transport sector in general and container
JSC Vietnam (VICONSHIP) in particular has been gradually rising.
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Recommendations to enhance delivering and receiving container procedure at
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To begin with, the research purposes of topic are to understand activities in
CY of Green Port. Besides that, the dissertation also analyses business activities
through some main indicators, evaluate delivery and receiving FCL containers at
CY of Green Port, clarify pros and cons. So that researcher can recommend some
methods to improve efficiency of these procedures.
Research Object
The dissertation focuses on researching theoretical basis of delivering and
receiving container procedure at CY in Green Port. Particularly, the research
clarifies problems of this procedure including strength, weakness, threat and
opportunity by using research methods containing aggregating, analyzing,
comparison business activities of company (2010- 9 first months of 2015) and
dissertation offers recommendations to enhance delivering and receiving container
procedure at CY.
Research Scope
The dissertation covers delivering and receiving container procedure at CY
in Viconship- Green Port.

Research Findings
The knowledge about delivering and receiving container procedure at CY of
Green Port: features, strength, weakness…

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CHAPTER I: LITERATURE REVIEW
1.1. Overview of container yard (CY)
According to Shipping terminologies, Container terminal is an area
designated for the stowage of cargoes in container; usually accessible by truck,
railroad and marine transportation. Here containers are picked up, dropped off,
maintained and housed. (Definedterm.com). This kind of port includes important
areas as following: Quayside, apron, container yard, container freight station…,
facilities such as: cranes, forklift, vehicles…and other equipment: lighting
equipment, repairing station, cleaning place for container, power station for reefer
container…
Container Yard is “Port facility at which containers are accepted for loading
onboard ships, and off-loaded containers are delivered to the consignees. Also
called Marshalling yard” (Business dictionary, 2015) . This is a crucial part of port
with widen open area, strong ground containing many tiers of container. The CY
can be divided into different areas: Preparing loading containers onto ship area,
containers receiving area from ship, area for empty containers… In transporting of
containers, “Container yard” is used as a term indicating the range of transport and
carriers’ responsibility that is from yard to yard (CY- CY).

1.2. Main features of Container yard
Most of containers (well over 90%) loaded or unloaded from ship must be
through container yard (staff receive containers from carriers or delivery containers
to forwarders). CY is seen as the extension of quaysides, destination or department
of domestic distribution system. The effectiveness of CY operation have large
impact on that of containerization. Particularly, container yard has major operations
as follow: loading and unloading containers, storage facilities either in port or
inland. It is also the places for containers carriers to store containers and chassis,
receive or delivery containers, lend out or receive returned empty containers.
The operation happens in areas of CY mainly associating with mechanization
and limiting to use labor force. Therefore, this is more rationalized compared to
trading regulations. In addition, fast, effective and rational containers operating will
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increase services quality (in any weather conditions). Besides that, CY operation
departments not only control containers in CY but also carry out other activities
such as: import and export containers, load and unload containers, lease containers,
marketing… It can be seen as a Joint venue between loading and unloading units
and transport companies.
1.3. CY planning.
Container yard is the necessary part and takes the largest area in the whole
terminal. Therefore, having high economic efficient is the most concerned problem
in operating CY. Indeed, the situation in CY that containers are not arranged
according to planning causes difficulties for cargo owners handling containers in
CY. This also causes damage of cargoes, wasting working time, and inefficient

delivery and receiving containers… Although, these have yard planning, the
operation is not highly appreciated and effective. This even makes wasting for labor
force, materials in delivery, receiving and managing containers process, increases
handling cost. The containers in CY are not planned extending finding time, causing
congestion, declining throughput capacity of yard. Thus, CY planning is really
essential
Operation on the storage yard is the most complicated part at a terminal
because both inbound and outbound container flows are handled in this area
simultaneously. Yard planning hence play important role in determining the port
efficiency to a great extent, in which the assignment of storage locations to inbound
containers (i.e., storage allocation), the utilization of equipment in yard and the
retrieval sequence of outbound containers need to be reasonably resolved.
Stack configuration and storage allocation
In traditional yard, containers are stacked by yard cranes side by side and one on top
of another to form shaped heaps called blocks, each of which consists of a number
of rows in width, a number of bays in length and a number of tiers in height. The
size of each block is varied in different port. Definitely, the problem is to determine
a good stack configuration, specially the height of stacking. It is logical to store
containers in higher stacking to save essential ground space, however the more tiers
the containers are stacked in, potentially the more reshuffles/rehandles will be
required to retrieve a required container. With a stacking configuration, a guideline
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is neccessary for allocation of containers in the yard area. The distribution of
containers is often decided by container types which are classified in accordance

with the origins and destinations of containers as follows:
Local import containers: inbound containers from vessels at predictable times, to be
carried out by external trucks at unpredictable times.
Local export containers: inbound containers from external trucks at unpredictable
times, to be loaded to vessels at predictable times.
Transshipment containers: discharged from mother vessels and to be loaded to
second carriers, both at predictable times.
Cranes and their deployment policies
There are several types of yard cranes in container terminals to store and
retrieve containers in and from the stack, among which rubber tyred gantry cranes
(RTG) and rail-mounted gantry cranes (RMG) are most commonly used. An RTG
moves on rubber tyres over containers and is able to move among blocks. An RMG
runs on rails normally serving a single storage block between the rails. Both RTG
and RMG provide higher density storage and shorter cycle time than other cranes
such as straddle carriers that carry containers between their legs, mobile harbor
cranes that are inherited from pre-containerized era, and heavy-duty forklift that are
more used for empty containers. The decision of cranes number is really crucial so
as to make sure effective storage and retrieval process. Particularly, for a given
amount of space, more yard cranes result in shorter response time for a retrieval
request but higher facility investment. Hence the terminal need to take into account
carefully budgets and yard capacity to invest in suitable equipment.
1.4. The methods of container arrangement in CY.
Obviously, there are many methods for arranging containers in CY, each of
them has its own advantages. If they are associated effectively, they will promote
maximum their benefits.
Arranging containers according to shipping lines.

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In fact, CY does not own any empty containers, but it manages so many
containers of shipping lines. Due to regulation not to delivery empty containers or
cargoes of carriers to others (avoiding large damage of economy), managing
containers in accordance with shipping lines is very crucial. Each shipping company
has specific logo, color, signs and codes for its empty containers. This can be
recognized by eyes. Moreover, in order to adapt cargo handling demand, shipping
line will rent or buy further containers from Container Company. These containers
have the same symbols, colors, signs and codes because of belonging to an owner.
They can be distinguished by profiles and difficult to differentiate by manual
method. Hence, managing containers following owners means that CY departments
must accurately know quantity, codes of containers of each shipping line in
anytime. Furthermore, every change in managing containers must be update
continuously and accurately once containers are loaded to CY.
In the site of delivery and receiving, container yard only delivery and receive
containers when having decent orders. The lawful delivery and receiving orders are
documents signed and stamped by shipping lines or their agencies. Thus, staff must
check correction of orders before delivery cargoes to avoid mistakes. In
transportation aspect, in order to delivery containers, it requires orders from
transporters.
On the other hand, the main purpose of managing containers according to
cargoes owners is for handling containers. As full or empty containers of different
owners cannot be arranged in one area together. Hence information of cargo owners
or shipping lines in documents is indispensable. In the case because of any
mistakes, a container of this owner is wrongly sorted in area of another owner or
information of that is erroneously updated. It will take a long time and cause waste
of material, equipment in handling or delivery and receiving progress.

On the account of all factors afore, it is reasonable to use software in
management containers. This will help to reduce amount of managing work in CY.
Based on this software, staff can identify accurately position and condition of
containers.
Controlling containers according to time.

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In the time containers are stored in CY, it related to their shifting in operating
progress. All owners of empty containers do not want their containers stored in CY
for a long time. This comes from several reasons as following. Firstly, if containers
are in CY in too long period of time, this leads to increase the number of containers
need to be exploited that increase the investment. Secondly, the shipping lines also
have to bear storage fee. From the perspective of CY management, storing time has
important role. The first thing is that storing time is the base for calculating charges
of storing in CY. The second thing is that this related to containers shifting
controlling in the inland CY system. With this meaning, the internet management
system will provide the figure for containers long located in CY. From that, staff can
have plan for them. In the case, containers locate in CY too long that causes bad
effects for calculating, building and planning CY. This also causes congestion and
overloading of containers at the same time.
Controlling containers according to types, size.
Nowadays, many kinds of containers are widely used in shipping industry.
Every shipping company invest in full types of containers due to adapting variety of
shipping demands. Each type has its own size, signs and codes. Hence preserving

regulations of them are also dissimilar.
Controlling containers according to their situation.
In this case, managing depends on full or empty containers. All ports have
fee for containers having cargoes inside or not. The shipping containers can
compensate CY storing charge by take money for storing containers from their
customers. Container storing charge is the fine for cargo owners who have
containers stored in CY over regulated time. Each shipping line has dissimilar
charge and regulating time for free. Every port also basing on containers shifting
speed of different shipping companies has unlike time or free storing empty
containers and fee for storing as well.
Controlling containers in and out port.
The detailed information of containers always must be checked and updated
so that they factually correct. The purpose of this work is to avoid mistakes in
delivery and receiving containers and later complains. When having right
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Recommendations to enhance delivering and receiving container procedure at
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information about containers, the operation and management will be more effective
and convenient.
1.6. The matters related to CY management.
The functions of CY management are planning, organizing and controlling
activities in CY by associating different resources in CY in providing services for
customers. The research on CY management must start from the necessary
organization structure and decision processes. The activities of CY disintegrate,
operate during 24 hours and link to complicated and widen nets plus diversity of
operation and responsible scale in managing CY. The procedures for determining

and collecting necessary information need to be modified according to operation
model of CY. Thus, the important thing is that design organizational structure and
system structure in order to offer effective decisions. This ensures efficiency of CY
operation and meet the requirements.
Besides that CY activities include different services served customers such as
security, occupational safety, maintaining machines and facilities… Generally
speaking, CY managing contains functions as following: Making mid- term and
long term plans and determine strategies. This also related to target building and be
implemented by the supreme body; Planning and controlling activities including
daily operation. This is carried out by units related to port operation, port traffic and
port technique; Financial and business controlling links to counting market, shortterm financial management, workforce management.
1.7. Regulations of delivering and receiving container.
a. Legal base
 Handling and storage of goods regulations in Vietnam ports that are issued
according to QD no. 2106/QD-GTVT on August 23rd, 1997 of Minister of
Transportation
 Handling, forwarding and warehousing contracts between Viconship and
carriers.
b. General principles
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Recommendations to enhance delivering and receiving container procedure at
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They were regulated at QD 2160/QD-GTVT issued on August23rd, 1997 of
Minister of Transportation
. Their contents are following:
-


Forwarding intact containers, intact seals

-

In case the seal is not intact, two parties can discuss and reach agreement
about settlement plan according to: quantity, volume… (in usual they can
invite inspector)

-

For refrigerated containers: staff records temperature, the electrical control
panel, looks at containers ventilating, power cord length, wind splitting plate.

-

For open- top containers: staff records tarpaulin overlaying top of containers,
color of tarpaulin, ligament and seals. If open-top containers are empty, staff
must record quantity of roof bars.

-

For tank container: staff records quantity of parameters testing clocks,
condition of clocks, empty tank container condition…

-

Before storing in C/Y, containers must be in good condition, safety and clear
figures. Every seals are not clear and dim number that must be reported and
substituted by new seals.


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Recommendations to enhance delivering and receiving container procedure at
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CHAPTER II: DILIVERING AND RECEIVING
CONTAINER PROCEDURE AT CONTAINER YARD IN
VICONSHIP-GREEN PORT
2.1 Overview of Viconship- Green Port.
Vietnam Container Shipping Joint Stock Company (Viconship) was
established in 2002 according to Decision No. 183/TTG, 04 March 2002 of Prime
Minister with the aim of changing from state-owned company to joint stock
company. Its precursor was Vietnam container shipping company officially found
on 27 July, 1985 in accordance with Decision No. 1310/QD- BGTVT of Minister of
Transportation. The company’s fields of activity right after being established are:
providing services about ship agency, delivering and receiving container agency for
overseas container firms, loading, unloading, transferring, warehouse operation, CY
operation…Viconship is the first company in Vietnam having services of container
transportation. The company has its own container terminal, warehouse, trucking
lines for container and conventional cargo moving services in the North, in the
Central and in the South of Vietnam. It provides complete facilities for all modes of
cargo service. Linking Shippers and Consignees with Owners is what they do best.
Thanks to suitable adjusting for the market economy, after ten years of operation,
the company becomes mature in all aspects, its producing scale also has
significantly increased.
Green Port terminal established on September, 2004 is a member company of

Vietnam Container Shipping Joint Stock Company (Viconship). The Harbor bridge
is located at 20°51'50"N, 106°43'19"E, 20 knots away from Buoy 0 (nearby Chua
Ve, in Cam River downstream). Being a member of Viconship, one of the strengths
of Greenport is the updating location of containers time to time. Thanks to the
investment in management software, the announcement to customers about location
or container monitoring is quick, accurate and increase the port's reputation.
2.1.1. Features of Green Port.
a. Map of Green Port

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Figure 1: The 3D diagrams of Green Port
(Source: )

Figure 2: The 2D diagram of Green Port
(Source: )
b. Shipping way

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It is from pilot point (Drift Signal No. 0) at Nam Trieu estuary to Green Port
through Bach Dang River, Hai PhongCity:
Pilot Point: 20o40’00N- 106o50’00E- Jet length: 30 Km
Tide: Nhat Trieu, the highest different level is 4.23 m
The biggest size of shipping can access: 10,000 DWT

Figure 3: Shipping way of Green Port
(Source: )
2.1.2 Main services
Agent container services
Ship agents and customs brokers
Cargo handling services
Warehouses and yards business

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Transport
2.1.3 Organization
Board of Management

General
Financial
Dep.


Directin
g team

Business
Dep.

Crane
team

Quayside
Operatio
n Dep.

Directin
g team

Log
team

CY
Operatio
n Dep.

Delivery
and
receiving
team

Equipmen
t Dep.


Office
team

Technique
Dep.

Forklift
team

Figure 4: Organization of Green Port
(Source: )
Functions of main departments:
General Financial Department has responsibility to solve works related to
finance, accounting, personnel.
Business Department is in charge of business segment and customer services.
The department performs signing contracts and providing procedures and
transactions with customers (issuing and changing commands)
Equipment & Technical Department: The department manage equipment,
facilities and infrastructure of the company as well as check and repair them

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Operation Center: The department manage almost activities of the port
including loading and unloading containers at yard, stuffing, withdrawing cargoes

from containers, lifting and lowering empty containers… at yard and quay.
Security Department is responsible for the security of port and controlling
cargoes and vehicles in and out gates.
2.1.4. Business activities in Green Port.

TEU

a. The cargo volume through Green Port (2014)
20000
18000
16000
14000
12000
10000
8000
6000
4000
2000
0
J

u
an

y
ar

ua
br
e

F

ry

ch
ar
M

ril
Ap

ay
ne
M
Ju

Ju

ly

g
Au

r
r
r
r
be
be obe
be

m
t
m
m
c
e
v
ce
O
pte
No De
Se

t
us

Month

Figure 5: The cargo volume through Green Port in 2014
(Source: )
It can be seen clearly from chart above that Green Port had largest volume of
cargo in January and lowest one in February. This came from port operated
primarily in routes: China, Korea or Singapore… Therefore, cargoes corned in the
end of year before holiday. Meanwhile, February was at the same time with Lunar
new year holiday. Hence ports stopped cargo handling in two weeks of vacation.
That was why cargo volume in this month was smallest.
b. The cargo volume through Green Port (2010-9 first months of 2015)

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Recommendations to enhance delivering and receiving container procedure at
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180000
160000
140000

TEU

120000
100000
80000
60000
40000
20000
0

2010

2011

2012

2013

2014

2015


Year

Figure 6: The cargo volume through Green Port (2010-9 first months of 2015)
(Source: )
The chart may well reflect the fact that total cargo volume at the port in recent 5
years significantly increased. This indicated that Green port’s business was effective
and attracted new customers as well as remain good relations with old partners.
In conclusion, Green port had significant development even though country’s
economy is still in difficult condition. This proved that company has the right
strategies and orientation.
2.2.Overview of Container Yard.
With total area of 5000 m2, Green Port is ready to meet all the needs of
customers in storing, transportation of cargoes through the national transportation
system. Providing logistic services requested by all domestic and foreign customers.
Company’s services include receiving and delivery full and empty containers as
well as arrangement, stuffing, withdrawing cargoes for all kinds of containers. In
addition, CY can contain a maximum of 6500 TEU, be optimal with 5500 TEU of
cargoes. In particular, the container yard can accommodate 800 - 1000 reefer (RS).
The reefer business brings many benefits such as higher inventory charge, the lifting
charge of reefer container is three- second compared to others ... Nonetheless, the
risk of this kind container is relatively large. It depends very much on the reception
capacity of the port. Simultaneously, electricity, voltage regulator, temperature also
must be ensured.
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2.2.1. Facilities of CY
Table 1: Vehicles in CY
Name

Number of unit

Capacity

Handling/
Transfer Speed

Straddle Carrier

10

40 tons

300-350m/ min

Reach Stacker

3

45 tons

80-100m/ min

Tractor + Chassis


15

5 min/ container

(Source: )

Figure 7: Vehicles in CY
(Source: )
2.2.2 Organization

CY Operation
center

Logistics team

Directing team

Delivering and
receiving team

Figure 8: CY organization
(Source: )

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