Điều trị suy tim khi nhịp xoang và khi
rung nhĩ: Có gì khác biệt?
VNCC 2016
TS. BS. Ph¹m Nh Hïng FACC, FHRS, FSCAI, FAsCC.
Consultant of Cardiology and Electrophysiology
Director of Cath Lab and EP Lab
Hanoi Heart Hospital
Epidemics of Heart Failure
Tû lÖ m¾c
hµng năm
Tæng sè bÖnh
nh©n suy tim
Tû lÖ tö vong
hµng năm
400,000
5.0 triÖu
250,000
Ch©u ©u 580,000
6.5 triÖu
300,000
Mü.
Congestive heart failure worldwide markets, clinical status and product development opportunities. New Medicine, Inc. 1997:1-40.
Wilkerson Group Survey, 1998.
Sè bÖnh nh©n rung nhÜ
TriÖu
Epidemics of Afib
Tû lÖ dù b¸o rung nhÜ t¹i Hoa kú
18
16
14
12
10
8
Dùa trªn tû lÖ dù b¸o
6
Dùa trªn tû lÖ hiÖn nay
4
2
0
N¨m
Miyakasa et al. Cir 2006:114:119-125
Tû lÖ bn RN trªn ST
0.4
0.4
Cumulative incidence of AF
Cumulative incidence of CHF
Tû lÖ bn suy tim trªn RN
33/1000 a year
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
2
4
6
8
10
54/1000 a year
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0
2
4
Years
No. at risk 683
454
360
250
171
120
No. at risk 708
6
8
10
146
92
62
Years
323
230
Tû lÖ rung nhÜ trong mét sè
nghiªn cøu suy tim lín
I
PH©n ®é NYHA
II – III
III – IV
IV
Prevalence of AF(%)
60
49.8
50
40
28.9
30
25.8
20
14.4
15.4
V-HeFT
CHF-STAT
10.1
10
4.2
0
SOLVD
prevention
SOLVD
Treatment
DIAMOND
CHF
GESICA
CONSESUS
Adapted from Lancet, JACC, NEJM and Circulation
Rung nhĩ gây suy tim và suy tim gây rung
nhĩ: một số cơ chế góp phần gây nên và
duy tri gia rung nhĩ và suy tim
Tạo ra sự
không đồng
nhất đờng dẫn
truyền
Mất đồng bộ
nhĩ thất
RN
Thay đổi
đặc tính
trở của nhĩ
Xơ hoá
khoảng kẽ
Quá tải thể
tích và áp
lực
ST
Dáp ứng thất
nhanh
Biến đổi
khoảng R-R
Tác dụng phụ của
thuốc (Vd: thuốc
chống loạn nhịp)
AmJ Cardio2003:91(suppl);2D 8D
Priorities of management with HF and
AF
Transplant
Heart
rate
control
ICD
&CRT
Ameliorate
RAAS
disturbance
AF
priorities
Prevent
stroke
Achive
euvolaemia
Control
heart rate
HF
priorities
Manage
bleeding
Prevent
and treat
HF
Restore
sinus
Rate vs Rhymth control of Afib
AFFIRM trial
Roy D et al. N Engl J Med 2008: 358;25
Rate vs Rhymth control of Afib
AF-CHF trial
Roy D et al. N Engl J Med 2008: 358;25
Ph©n tÝch gép: Khi theo dâi thêi
gian kÐo dµi.
JAMA. 2012;172(13):997-1004
Rhymth control Strategy
Cardioversion
Eur Heart J 2007;28:1351–1357.
Rhymth control Strategy
Antiarrhythmic drugs
Eur Heart J 2007;28:1351–1357.
Rhymth control Strategy
AF ablation
M. I. Amin et al. / World Journal of Cardiovascular Diseases 3 (2013) 49-57
Beta Blocker in HF
Kotecha D et al. Lancet 2014;384:2235–2243.
Different effects of beta-blockers between
HF patients with AF and sinus rhythm
Comparable dosages of beta-blockers: achieved heart rate was not
available and may have been different in AF and sinus rhythm.
For patients with permanent AF, it was recently demonstrated that
stricter rate control was not superior to a lenient rate control
Loss of the atrial kick and irregularity in ventricular response during
AF, patients with AF may need a higher heart rate to maintain a
similar cardiac output.
low heart rate in patients with AF may be an expression of an
underlying conduction disorder, which may be associated with
impaired outcome itself.
AF in patients with HF may be a marker of a poorer clinical condition
leading to a worse outcome
Digoxin
NEJM 1997; 336: 525
Digoxin
NEJM 1997; 336: 525
Heart rate targets for sinus Rhythm
Lancet. 2010;376:886-894
Heart rate targets for atrial fibrillation
in heart failure
Rung nhĩ mạn tính >80 c/phút
Vừa phải
Tần số tim <110
c/phút (ĐTĐ)
Chặt chẽ
Tần số tim <80 c/phút (ĐTĐ)
Tần số <110 c/phút khi
gắng sức
Van Gelder; NEJM 2010; 362:1363
Heart rate targets for atrial fibrillation in
heart failure
RACE II trial
N Engl J Med 2010;362:1363–1373
Anticoagulation in Sinus Rhythm
[1] Lancet 2014;383: 955–962; [2] N Engl J Med 2013; 369:2093–2104.
Anticoagulation in Sinus Rhythm
[1] Lancet 2014;383: 955–962; [2] N Engl J Med 2013; 369:2093–2104.
Anticoagulation in Afib
Anticoagulation with vitamin K antagonists (VKA; e.g. warfarin) or
non-VKA anticoagulants (NOACs) prevent 2/3 of ischaemic strokes in
AF patients. [1]
Although no trials have investigated this specific population, indirect
sub-group data from the NOAC RCTs suggest the effect of
anticoagulation for AF is similar in patients with concomitant HF. [2]
With the combination of higher stroke risk and effective therapy,
anticoagulation is essential in all patients with HF and AF that do not
have an absolute contraindication,
The NOACs are particularly attractive due to lower rates of
intracranial haemorrhage compared to VKA therapy.
[1] Lancet 2014;383: 955–962; [2] N Engl J Med 2013; 369:2093–2104.
CRT for HF & Af
CRT có RN mạn, đốt nút NT là cần thiết
để đạt hiệu quả tối đa
673 bn CRT
162 có rung nhĩ mạn tính.
Tạo nhịp BiV <85%
ablation
AVN
JACC 2006;48:734