UNIT 2 ~ CULTURAL DIVERSITY

I. Multiple Choice.
1. There was a.........diversity of opinion about the Iraq war.
A. great
B. wide
C. rich
D. All are correct
2. People often….....confidence when they are criticized.
A.lose
B. fail
C. drop
D. omit
3. He.......confidence when he went to college.
A. got
B. maintained
C. gained
D. obtained
4. We......a contract with the supplier.
A. enter into
B. make
C. sign
D. All are correct
5. Russia has promised to........continuity of fuel supplies.
A. ensure
B. provide
C. maintain
D. All are correct
6. Call me if you need any help - I'd be............to oblige.
A. merry
B. happy

C. sure
D. of course
7. The Parliament members flatly.......... the proposed budget of the following year.
A. deny
B. reject
C. oppose
D. All are correct
8. Are you willing to make the.......sacriice to die for your country?
A. final
B. supreme
C. top
D. A and B
9. He developed his own program.........partnership with an American expert.
A. on
B. at
C. of
D. in
10. Her parents........sacrifices so that she could have a good education.
A. made
B. did
C. provided
D. lent
11. All our suggestions were rejected.........
A. offhand
B. off the hand
C. out of hand
D. out hand
12. Does television adequately reflect the ethnic and cultural.......of the country?
A. diversity
B. differences

C. alterations
D. A and B
13. The city centre was packed with thousands of tourists of different races and
A. civilizations
B. cultures
C. customs
D. B and C
14. I have.........confidence in her. She'll be perfect for the job.
A. every
B. complete
C. whole
D. A and B
15. The economy is regarded as the.........factor which will determine the outcome of the general election.
A. major
B. decisive
C. key
D. All are correct
16. "Did you meet Ann here at the university?" ~ "No, we.........when started college."
A. have already met B. had already met C. had already been meeting
D. already met
17. "I took the TOEFL. It was really hard." ~ ".......a lot before you took it?"
A. Have you studied B. Did you studied C. Had you studied D. Do you study
18. "Would you like to go to the pop concert?" ~ "Thanks, but I....it already."
A. had seen
B. have been seeing C. have seen
D. did see
19. "What did you do last night?" "I watched TV, practiced the piano, and.......my homework." ^
A. made
B. do
C. done

D. did
20. "Why is John so sad?" ~ "Because his bird.........away."
A. flown
B. flew
C. fly
D. had flown
21. "Did you go to Hawaii for vacation?" ~ "I.......' to go, but 1 got sick at the last minute."
A. was planned
B. had planning
C. had been planning D. have planned
22. I..........to the same barber since last year.


A. am going
B. have been going C. go
D. had going
23. Did you say that you...........here only three days ago?
A. came
B. have come
C. had came
D. come
24. I haven't heard from Maria..........
A. since many months before
B. for many months
C. for many months ago
D. since a long time
25. This book is so long that I.........
A. haven't finished it yet
B. haven't finished it already
C. still have finished it

D. still haven't finished it already
26. "Are Alice and Tom still living in New York?" ~ "No, they........to Dallas."
A. are just moved
B. had just moved
C. have just moved D. will just move
27. "Where is the new stove that you bought yesterday?" ~ "The color didn't match, so 1.........it to the store."
A. return
B. had returned
C. returned
D. did return
28. "You and Michael seem to be getting along well." "Yes, I.........him better than before."
A. liking
B. like
C. liked
D. have liked
29. "How are you feeling?" ~ "I've been feeling better since........."
A. the doctor has came
B. the doctor will come
C. the doctor had come
D. the doctor came
30. "Isn't it hard to drive downtown to work?" "Yes, that's why I.........to work by train."
A. have been going B. have went
C. have been gone
D. going
Key
II. Find a suitable word for the sentences below. One example has been done for you.
0. A. In the distance, the sky was beginning to brighten.
B. I brighten up at their words of encouragement.
C. A personal letter will usually brighten up a person's day.
1. A.........is a range of many people or things that are very different from each other

B. There is a need for greater..........and choice in education.
C. There is the biological......of the rainforests.
2. A. The players all have......in their manager.
B. A fall in unemployment will help to restore consumer........
C. The new contracts have undermined the........of employees.
3. A. The team feels......of winning.
B. I'm......that you will get the job.
C. The teacher wants the children to feel......about asking questions when they don't understand.
4. A. The two countries have always........close relations.
B. She has always......her innocence.
C. The men......that they were out of the country when the crime was committed.
5. A. Parents are...........by law to send their children to school.
B. I felt......to ask them to dinner.
C. He suffered a serious injury that........him to give up work.
6. A. The proposal was firmly.......
B. All our suggestions were......out of hand.
C. I've been......by all the universities I applied to.
7. A. The makers of the product assured us that there had been no........of quality.
B. her parents made........so that she could have a good education.
C. They offered......to the gods.
8. A. Buckingham Palace is a major tourist.......
B. I can't see the......of sitting on a beach all day.
C. She is the star......of the show.
9. A. Have you ever been to a wedding marriage......?
B. Live pictures of the..........were beamed around the world.
C. He had flowers specially flown in for the.......
10. A.Recently there has been some irovement away from.......methods of teaching.
B. In some countries it is......for a bride to wear white.
C. The villagers retain a strong attachment to their........customs.
11. A. Marriage should be an equal..........

B. They decided to break up their...........
C. The school's..............with parents is very crucial.
12. A. The results of the experiment are not statistically..........


B. There are no.........differences between the two groups of students.
C. It is..........that girls generally do better in examinations than boys.
13. A. Profits have increased.........over the past few years.
B. ........., he did not deny that there might be an election.
C. She paused........before she answered.
14. A. He fought the illness with courage and…....
B. I admire her.........to get it right.
C. They had survived by sheer...........
15. A. Is there anything in.........you'd like for dinner?
B. Is there a..........type of book he enjoys?
C. We must pay.........attention to this point.
Key
III. Fill in each gap with a word from the list below.
counterpart - obliged - marriage - equal - maintenance - contractual
ceremony - preceded - rim - confidence - significant - rejected
1. She has every........in her students' abilities.........obligations.
2. They reminded him of his.........
3. The US President, Donald Trumph held talks with his Vietnamese........
4. The UN has the responsibility of the.........of international peace.
5. I'd be..........if you would keep this to yourself.
6. His resignation was........by weeks of speculation
7. He looked at them over the.........of his glass.
8. Imperfect articles are.........by our quality control.
9. Can our industry compete on.........terms with its overseas rivals?
10. The wedding preparations take weeks but the actual..........takes less than an hour.

11. An arranged..........is the one in which the parents choose ahusband or wife for their child.
12. Your work has shown a...........improvement.
IV. Supply the correct form of the word in bold.
1. While girls lack........, boys often overestimate their abilities.
(confide)
2. Your medical records are strictly.........; we keep them in secret.
(confide)
3. Housework has.........been regarded as women's work.
(tradition)
4. The school pays for heating and the.........of the buildings.
(maintain)
5. They were very.........and offered to wait for us.
(oblige)
6. The speakers came on to the platform in order of.........
(precede)
7. The room is arranged very..........
(attract)
8. The two sets of figures are not.........different.
(significant)
9. Both methods rely on the accurate............of the pressure of the gas.
(determine)
10. In the nursing profession, women are in the...........
(major)
V. Fill in each gap with a suitable preposition.
1. The war diverted people's attention..........from the economic situation.
2. She confided all her secrets.......her best friend.
3. It is important to have someone you can confide.........
4. He answered the questions..........confidence.
5. She took me........her confidence and told me about the problems she was facing.
6. Eva told me about their relationship.........confidence.

7. ........the terms of the contract the job should have been finished yesterday.
8. I'm much obliged........you........helping us.
9. She preceded her speech.........a vote of thanks to the committee.
10. She had to learn that her wishes did not take precedence.........other people's needs.
11. The rims of her eyes were red........crying.
12. She sacrificed everything.........her children.
VI. Fill in each gap with only one suitable word.
1.. Appearing.........at interviews is quite an art.
2. Do you remember the years.........the war when we suffered from a lot of difficulties?
3. He fought the illness with courage and........
4. Lack of.........is a psychological barrier to success.
5. Upbringing plays an important part in........a person's character.


6. He was willing to..........his happiness on the altar of fame.
7. Itjjes with you to accept or........the proposals.
8. The government struggled to........law and order.
9. My..........have grown up without the experience of a world war.
10. Tourism is a major source of..........for the area.
Key
VII. Put the verbs in brackets into the correct verb form, Past Simple or Past Continuous.
Last February, I (1.decide) to go on holiday to the island of Madeira. On the morning I (2.leave).........England it
(3.rain)..........but when I (4.land).........in Funchal, the capital of Madeira, the sun (5.shine).........and a lovely,
warm breeze (6.blow).........from the sea. I (7.take)..........a taxi to my hotel. As I (8.sign)..........the register, someone
(9.tap).........me on the shoulder. I (10.not can)........believe my eyes! It was my old school friend. She
(1l.stay).........at the same hotel. Thenext day, we (12.go).........for a walk together in the hills and we
(13.see).........hundreds of beautiful wild flowers. It (14.get).........dark when we (15.return)..........to our hotel after a
very interesting day. We (16.spend)..........the rest of the week together; it was very interesting. We
(17.feel)..........very sad when the holiday (18.end)............
VIII. Choose the correct form of the verbs, Past Simple or Past Perfect.

The conference was very successful. The seminars and talks were extremely interesting and it was obvious that all
the speakers (1) prepared/had prepared their material very thoroughly. Everyone agreed that this should become
an annual event.
There were, however, a number of administrative problems. When we (2) arrived/had arrived, we (3)
discovered/had discovered that the hotel manager (4) reserved/had reserved the wrong room for us and therefore
we (5) did not have/had not had enough space. Unfortunately, he could not let us have the larger room because he
(6) gave/had given it to another group, even bigger than ours.
He (7) also misunderstood/had also misunderstood the letter explaining what food we (8) required/had required.
In fact, we (9) suspected/had suspected that he (10) lost/had lost the letter. We do not recommend using this hotel
again.
Key
IX. Choose the correct form of the verbs.
[A] Terry: What did you do last night?
Angie: Well, 1 (1) have hoped/ have been hoping/had been hoping to go out, but I (2) have/ had/had had too
much work.
[B] Pete: What part of Birmingham (3) do you live/did you live/have you lived in when you (4) were/have
been/were being a students?
Patrick: A place called Selly Oak. (5) Do you know/Did you know/Have you known it?
Pete: Oh, yes. I (6) was passing/used to pass/have passed through it nearly every day when I (7) was living/have
been living/have lived there.
[C] Gillian: (8) Do you write/Have you written/Were you writing to the bank manager yet?
Mark: I (9) haven't fmished/hadn 't finished/didn 't finish yet. (10) I've been trying/I've tried/I tried to decide
what to say.
Gillian: Hurry up! He (11) is expecting/has expected/has been expecting your reply since last week.
[D] Brian: Our teacher (12) invites/has invited/invited the class to his house on Saturday. (13) Do you go/Are you
going/Have you gone?
Luke: I'm afraid not. I (14) work/used to work/am working for my father on Saturdays.
[E] Philippe: When (15) did you hear/have you heard/had you heard your exam results?
Clara: 1 (16) phoned/had phoned/have phoned my teacher. She (17) has been checking/has checked/was
checking the list when I (18) rang/had rung/am ringing, so she (19) was telling/told/tells me then.

Philippe: (20) Have you expected/Have you been expecting/Had you been expecting to do so well?
Clara: Not really, to be honest!
X. Read the following passage carefully, and then decide whether the statements are TRUE or FALSE.
In Canada in addition to calls for a more diverse student body and faculty, many educators and students advocate
a more diverse undergraduate curriculum at colleges and universities. Arguing that traditional college curriculums
focus too much on the history and culture of white males, they advocate a more multicultural curriculum that does
not ignore women and minority cultures. Others contend that advocates of a multicultural curriculum are
constrained by their own narrow ideological perspectives, and that they have disdain for traditional moral,
intellectual, and aesthetic judgment. These traditionalists argue for an undergraduate curriculum that emphasizes a
core of knowledge that lies within the Western cultural tradition. Most colleges and universities in the United States
and Canada offer some courses that focus on traditional Western culture in addition to others that explore
multicultural themes.
1. All lecturers and students advocate a more diverse undergraduate curriculum at colleges and universities.
2. It is expected to have a more multicultural curriculum that does not ignore women and minority cultures.


3. It is thought that traditional college curriculums focus too much on the history and culture of white males.
4. It is believed that some white people have disdain for traditional moral, intellectual, and aesthetic judgment.
5. Most colleges and universities in the United States and Canada offer some courses focusing on traditional
Western culture only.
XI. Read the following passage carefully, and then answer the questions below.
Traditionally, the United States has been described as a melting pot, a place where the previous identities of each
immigrant group are melted down to create an integrated, uniform society. Since the 1960s, many Americans have
rejected the melting pot metaphor in favor of the image of the mosaic, a picture created by assembling many small
stones or tiles. In a mosaic, each piece retains its own distinctive identity, while contributing to a larger design.
Advocates of the mosaic metaphor assert that it better represents the diverse multicultural society of the United
States. Today, many Americans value their immigrant heritage as an important part of their identity. More recent
immigrant groups from Asia, such as Vietnamese Americans and Korean Americans, have established communities
alongside those populated by the descendants of European immigrants, such as French Americans, German
Americans, Irish Americans, and Italian Americans.

1. Why has the United States often been described as a melting pot?
2. Why have people been in favour of the image of the "mosaic"?
3. What does the word "mosaic" mean?
4. What have immigrant groups from Aisa done to maintain their identity?
5. Name some recent immigrant groups from Asia in the United States.
Key
XII. Read the following passage carefully. Decide whether the statements are TRUE or FALSE, and then
answer the questions below.
The United States is certainly one of the most diverse countries of the world, both from a cultural and an
environmental perspective. The land that is now the United States was home to diverse cultures when the first
Europeans and Africans arrived. It was inhabited by a variety of Native American peoples who spoke more than
300 different languages. The Europeans and Africans added their own varying cultures to this diversity.
The 13 colonies they founded along the eastern seaboard became the United States in the late 18th century.
During the following century, the new nation added huge chunks of territory, and millions of immigrants arrived,
mainly from Europe and especially during the years from 1860 to 1914. A second migration occurred in the
Southwest, where Hispanics pushed northward from Mexico, leaving an indelible imprint. In addition, slaves were
brought from Africa to work on agricultural estates in the South, where they formed a large percentage of the
population.
Of those who chose to come to the United States, many saw it as a land of plenty, and certainly that was true.
However, many Americans faced extraordinary hardships as they adapted to a natural and cultural environment that
was sometimes harsh and demanding.
A. True or False?
1. __The first Europeans and Africans arriving in North America made it the land of cultural diversity.
2. __The United Spates of 50 states came into being in the late 18th century.
3. __The first big movement of migration in North America was from Europe during the years from 1360 to 1914.
4. __The second movement of migration happened when Spanish-speaking people from Mexico came to the
Southwest and slaves were brought from Africa to work on agricultural estates in the South.
5. __It was thought by many that the United States would be the land of milk and honey.
B. Comprehension questions.
1. How many languages were spoken by Native American peoples?

2. Where were the 13 colonies in North America found by white people?
3. When did the United States of the 13 colonies came into being?
4. What was the origin of the large percentage of the population in the South?
5. What problems did many people coming to the United States meet?
Key
XIII. Read the following passage carefully. Decide whether the statements are TRUE or FALSE, and then
answer the questions below.
Cultural differences among parts of the United States - north and south, east and west, island and mainland - are
also disappearing. In the second half of the 20th century, Americans were more likely than ever before to travel or
move to other parts of the country. The national media and large corporations promote the same fashions in dress,
entertainment, and sometimes in behavior throughout the states and regions. Newer suburbs, apartments, offices,
shops, factories, highways, hotels, gas stations, and schools tend to look much the same across the nation. The
uniformity of the American media and the dominance of the English language not only characterize the United
States, but increasingly influence cultures around the globe. E-mail and the Internet are the latest technologies that
are spreading American English.
Although America's culture is becoming more uniform, its society remains a diverse mix of ethnic, racial, and


religious groups. The United States is a pluralistic society, meaning it is composed of many nationalities, races,
religions, and creeds. Some of the people who immigrated to America embraced the opportunity to leave old
cultures behind and to remake themselves unencumbered by past traditions and loyalties. Others found that the
liberties promised under the Bill of Rights allowed for distinctiveness rather than uniformity, and they have taken
pride in preserving and celebrating their origins. Many Americans find that pluralism adds to the richness and
strength of the nation's culture.
A. True or False?
1. __Cultural differences among parts of the United States are disappearing thanks to the national media.
2. __Americans were more likely than ever before to travel around the world.
3. __The dominance of the English language does not characterize the United States.
4. __Because the United States is a pluralistic society it loses its cultural uniform.
5. __Under the Bill of Rights, disinctiveness of each community is appreciated.

B. Comprehension questions.
1. What helps to spread American English around the world?
2. What was the tendency of Americans in the second half of the 20th century in traveling?
3. What does the term "a pluralistic society" mean?
4. What are the two trends of the immigrants to America?
5. What is the advantage of pluralism according to many Americans?
XIV. Choose the correct sentence which is built from the words given.
1. not/ difficult/ learn/ English/ you/ study/ structure/ vocabulary/ every day.
A. Learn English is not difficult if you study structure and vocabulary every day.
B. It is not difficult to leam English if ypu study structure and vocabulary every day.
C. Difficult English is not learn if you study structure and vocabulary every day.
D. You learn English is not difficult if study structure and vocabulary every day.
2. I / one/ old friends/1 / shop/ supermarket/ two days ago.
A. I met one of my old friends while 1 was doing shopping in the supermarket two days ago.
B. I met one of my old friends while 1 was shopping on the supermarket two days ago.
C.I met my one old friends while I was doing shopping in the supermarket two days ago.
D.I met one of my old friends while I was shopping to the supermarket two days ago.
3. He/try/ stop/ smoke/ he/ never succeed/ many times.
A. He has tried to stop smoke many times but he never succeeded.
B. He has tried stop smoking many times but he never succeeded.
C. He has tried stop to smoke many times but he never succeeded.
D. He has tried to stop smoking many times but he never succeeded.
4. He/ promise/ send/ me/ postcard/ as soon as/ arrive/ Madrid.
A. He promised send me a postcard as soon as he arrived in Madrid.
B. He promised to send me a postcard as soon as he arrived at Madrid.
C. He promised to send me a postcard as soon as he arrived in Madrid.
D. He promised to sending me a postcard as soon as he arrived in Madrid.
5. Developing countries/ need/ do/ research/ find/ solutions/ agriculture/ problems.
A. Developing countries need doing research to find solutions to agriculture problems.
B. Developing countries need to do research to find solutions to agriculture problems.

C. Developing countries need to do researching to find solutions to agriculture problems.
D. Developing countries need to do research to finding solutions to agriculture problems.
6. She/ practise/ play/ tennis/ every day/ she/ want/ famous/ one day.
A.She practises playing tennis one day because she wants to be famous every day.
B. She practise playing tennis every day because she wants famous one day.
C. She practise playing tennis every day because she wants being famous one day.
D. She practises playing tennis every day because she wants to be famous one day.
7. Never/ stop/ try/ you get/ solution/ problem.
A. Never stop trying until you get the right solution to the problem.
B. Never stop trying until you get the right solution of the problem.
C. Never stop trying until you get the right solution from the problem.
D. Never stop trying until you get the right solution on the problem.
8. New York/most exciting/city/1 / ever/visit.
A. New York city is the most exciting I have ever visited.
B. New York is the most exciting city I have ever visited.


C. New York is the most exciting city ! have ever visit.
D. New York is most exciting 1 have ever visited.
9. dangerous/ drive/ fast/ city/ rush hours.
A. It is dangerous to drive fastly in the city in the rush hours.
B. It is dangerous to drive fast in the city on the rush hours.
C. It is dangerous for driving fast in the city in the rush hours.
D. It is dangerous to drive fast in the city in the rush hours.
10. If/ he/ come/ station/ earlier/ not miss/' train.
A. If he had come to the station earlier he would not have missed the train.
B. If he have come to the station earlier he would not have missed the train.
C. If he had came to the station earlier he would not have missed the train.
D.If he had come to the station earlier he would have net missed the train.


Key

XV. Finish each of the following sentences in such a way that it means exactly the same as the sentence
printed before it.
1. I arrived by train a moment ago.
I've............................................................
2. I had been ins? -acted to drive out of town and I began to acquire confidence.
After having...............................................
3. I have only ever felt frightened on one occasion.
Only on one occasion..................................
4. University students have volunteered to drive buses during the strike.
University students have volunteered to drive buses while.........
5. Unfortunately, we have never seen a duller show.
Unfortunately, the show.............................
6. I think it was about two in the morning when I returned home.
It must........................................................
7. The train couldn't run because of the snow.
The snow...................................................
8. I didn't arrive in time to see her.
I wasn't early.............................................
9. He didn't hurry, so he missed the train.
If...............................................................
10. Janet is the best tennis player in the club.
No one.................................................
XVI. Write complete sentences, using the words or phrases given.
1. Religion/ central/ Indian culture/ its practice/ seen/ virtually every aspect/ life/ country.
2. Hinduism/ dominant faith/ India/ serving/ about 80 percent/ population.
3. Ten percent/ embrace/ Islam/ five percent/ Sikhs or Christians
4. Remainders/ Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, Bahais, among others.
5. Science and technology/ raise/ living standard/ prosperity/ its people

6. However/ nation/ more than one billion people/ one sixth of humanity/ continues/ live/ some of its traditional
values/ go back 4,000 years and more.
7. India/ demonstrate/ inherent strength.
8. This strength/ comes its composite culture/ make India/ a truly vibrant democracy/ the largest in the world/
country/ unity/ thrive/ diversity.
Key
The End

Buckingham Palace

Bill Of Right


ANSWER KEY 2
I. Multiple Choice
1. D 2. A 3. C 4. D 5. D 6. B 7. D 8. D 9. D 10. A
11.C 12.D 13.D 14. D 15. D 16. B 17. C 18.C 19. D 20. B
21. C 22. B 23. A 24. B. 25. A 26. C 27. C 28. B 29. D 30. A
II. Find a word
1. diversity 2. confidence 3. confident 4. maintained 5. obliged 6. rejected 7. sacrifice
8. attraction 9. ceremony 10. traditional 11. partnership 12. significant 13. significantly 14. determination
III. Gap-fill
1. confidence 2. contractual 3. counterpart 4. maintenance 5. obliged 6. preceded
7. rim 8. reject 9. equal 10. ceremony 11. marriage 12. significant
IV. Word formation
1. confidence 2. confidential 3. traditionally 4. maintenance 5. obliging 6. precedence 7. attractively
8. significantly 9. determination 10. majority
V. Prepositions
1. away 2. to 3. in 4. with 5. into 6. in 7. Under 8. to-for 9. With 10. over 11. with 12. for
Back

VI. Gap-filling
1. confident 2. preceding 3. determination 4. confidence 5. determining 6. sacrifice 7. reject
8. maintain 9. generation 10. income
VII. Past Simple or Past Continuous.
1. decided
2. left
3. was raining
4. landed
5. was shining
6. was blowing
7. took
8. was signing
9. tapped
10. couldn't
11. was staying
12. went
13. saw
14. was getting
15. returned
16. spent
17. felt
18.ended
15. particular
VIII. Past Simple or Past Perfect.
1. had prepared 2. arrived 3. discovered 4. had reserved 5. did not have 6. had given
7. had also misunderstood 8. required 9. suspected 10. had lost
IX Revision of tenses
1. had been hoping 2. had
3. did you live
4. were

5. Do you know
6. used to pass
7. was living
8. Have you written
9. haven't finished
10. I've been trying 11. has been expecting
12. has invited
13. Are you going
14. work
15. did you hear
16. phoned
17. was checking
18. rang
19. told
20. Had you been expecting
X. Reading. True or False.
1. False 2. True 3. True 4. True 5. False
XI. Reading comprehension.
1. Because the United States is a place where the previous identities of each immigrant group are melted down to
create an integrated, uniform society.
2. Because it better represents the diverse multicultural society of the United States.
3. It means a picture created by assembling many small stones or tiles.
4. They have established communities alongside those populated by the descendants of European immigrants.
5. They are Vietnamese Americans and Korean Americans.
XII. Reading
A. True or False.
1. False 2. False 3. True 4. True 5. False
B. Reading Comprehension.
1. There were more than 300 different languages.
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2. They were found along the eastern seaboard.
3. It came into being in the late 18th century.
4. They were slaves coming from Africa.
5. They had to adapt to a natural and cultural environment that was sometimes harsh and demanding.
XIII. Reading


A. True or False.
1. True 2. False 3. False 4. False 5. True
B. Reading Comprehension.
1. E-mail and the Internet do.
2. They were more likely than ever before to travel or move to other parts of the country.
3. It means that the society is composed of many nationalities, races, religions, and creeds.
4. They could leave old cultures behind and to remake themselves unencumbered by past traditions and loyalties,
or preserve and celebrate their origins.
5. The advantage is that it adds to the richness and strength of the nation's culture.
XIV. Sentence Building.
1. B 2. A 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. D 7. A 8. B 9. D 10. A
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XV. Sentence Transformation.
1. I've just arrived by train.
2. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence.
3. Only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened.
4. University students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts/ the workers go on strike.
5. Unfortunately, the show was the dullest we have ever seen.
6. It must have been about two in the morning when I returned home.
7. The snow prevented/ stopped the train from running, (or) The snow made the train stop running.
8. I wasn't early enough to see her.
9. If he had hurried, he wouldn't have missed the train.
10. No one in the club plays tennis better than Janet. (or) No one is better at tennis than Janet.

XVI. Sentence building
1. Religion is central to Indian culture, and its practice can be seen in virtually every aspect of life in the country.
2. Hinduism is the dominant faith of India, serving about 80 percent of the population.
3. Ten percent embrace Islam and five percent are Sikhs or Christians
4. The remainders are Buddhists, Jains, Parsis, Bahais, among others.
5. Science and technology have raised the living standard and prosperity of its people
6. However, the nation of more than one billion people - one sixth of humanity -continues to live with some of its
traditional values that go back 4,000 years and more.
7. India has demonstrated its inherent strength.
8. This strength comes from its composite culture that has made India a truly vibrant democracy, the largest in the
world - a country where unity thrives on diversity.
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