ARTICLES (MẠO TỪ)
1)

Mạo từ bất định (indefinite aricles): A, AN

A, AN có thể đứng trước danh từ đếm được số ít
-

A, AN được sử dụng trong lời nói chung chung, hoặc để giới thiệu một điều gì đó

chưa được đề cập đến trước đó.
Ex:

A ball is round (nói chung mọi quả bóng đều hình tròn).
I saw a boy in the street (chúng ta không biết “boy” nào).

+ AN đứng trước những từ bắt đầu bằng một nguyên âm.
+ A đứng trước những từ bắt đầu bằng một phụ âm.
Ex:

A book, a pen,…
An apple, an ink-pot,…

Lưu ý: Một số trường hợp hợp ngoại lệ:
An hour, an heir, an honor,…
A uiversity, a European, a uniform, a union,…
2)
-

Mạo từ xác định (definite articale): THE
THE được dùng chỉ sự việc chung mà ta đã biết (đã được đề cập trước đó), kiến thức

chung, phổ biến, hoặc chỉ sự duy nhất.
Ex:

The boy in the corner is my friend (cả người nói lẫn người nghe đều biết “boy”

rồi).
The earth is round (chỉ có duy nhất 1 “earth”).
-

Với danh từ không đếm được, “THE” được sử dụng để nói cái gì đó riêng biệt, nhưng

sẽ không dùng “the” nếu chỉ muốn nói chung chung.
Ex:

Sugar is sweet (Đường thì ngot)  nói chung chung.
The sugar on the table is from Cuba. (Đường trên bàn là đường Cuba)  riêng

biệt.
-

Thông thường, với dang từ đếm được số nhiều khi nói đến một loại nào đó thì không

có “THE”.
Ex:

Oranges are green until the ripen. (All oranges)
Athletes should follow a well-balanced diet. (all athletes)

-


Những từ như breakfast, lunch, dinner, school, church, home, college, work không

dùng mạo từ.


Tổng quát cách dùng “THE”
Dùng THE

Không dùng THE

1. Oceans, rivers, seas, gulfs, plural lakes

1. Sigular lakes

Ex: The Red Sea, The Atlantic Ocean, The

Ex: Lake geneva, Lake Erie,…

Persian gulf, the great Lakes
2. Mountain ranges
Ex: The rocky mountains, the Andes

2. Mountains
Ex:

(Mount)

Vesuvius,


(Mount)

McKinley, (Mount) Everest,…
3. Earth, moon

3. Planets

Ex: The earth, the moon,…

Ex: Venus, Mars,….

4. Schools, collages, universities when the

4. Schools, collages, universities when

phrase begin with school,….

the phrase begin with a proper noun.

Ex: The University of Florida

Ex: Hong Bang college

The college of Art and Sciences

Hung Vuong University

5. Ordinal numbers before nouns

5. Cardinal numbers after nouns


Ex: the First world war, the third chapter,…

Ex: World War I, chapter three,…

6. Wars (except World Wars)
Ex: the Korean war,…

6. Countries proceded by “NEW” or an
adjective such as a direction

7. Certain countries or groups of

Ex: New Zealand, South Africa

countries with more than one word
(except Great Bratain)
Ex: the United States, the United Kingdom

7. Contries with only one word
Ex: France, Sweden, Vietnam,…


8. Historical documents

8. Continents

Ex: the constitution

Ex: Europe, Africa,…


9. Ethnic groups

9. States

Ex: the Indians

Ex: Florida, Ohio, California,…
10. Sports
Ex: Baseball, baseketball,…
11. Abstract nouns
Ex: Freedom, happiness,…
12. General areas of subject matter
Ex: Mathematics, sociology,..
13. Holidays
Ex: Christmas, Easter,…
EXERCISE

Exercise 1: Điền a/an/the vào chỗ trống cần thiết
1.

Jason’s father bought hime …………bicycle that he had wanted for his birthday.

2.

………….Statue of Liberty was a gift of friendship from……….France

to……………… United States.
3.


Rita is studying ……………..English and ……………math this semester.

4.

…………….judge asked………….witness to the ………….truth.

5.

Please give me ………….cup of……….coffee with…………cream and ……………

sugar.
6.

……………….big books on …………….table are for my history class.

7.

No one in …………..Spanish class knew…………..correct answer to …………. Mrs.

Brown’s question.
8.

My……………….car is four years old, and it still runs well.


9.

When you go to …………. Store, please buy ……….. bottle of …………. Chocolate

milk and ………………….. dozen oranges.

10.
There are only …………………few seats left for …………tonight’s musical show at
………………university.
11.
John and Mary went to …………..school yesterday and then studied in …………. Library
before returning home.
12.
…………………..Lake Erie is one of ………………….five great Lakes in ………….
North America.
13.
On our trip to ………….Spain, we crossed ……………….Atlantic Ocean.
14.
……………..Mount Rushmore is the site of……………….magnificent tribute to
…………… four great American presidents.
15.
What did you eat for …………….breakfast this morning?
16.
David

played

…………………..basketball

and

……………baseball

at

……………….Boy’s club this year.

17.
Rita plays ……………. Violin and her sister plays …………… guitar.
18.
While we were in ……………… Alaska, we saw …………….. Eskom village.
19.
Tom can’t go to …………… movies tonight because he has to write ………….. essay.
20.
David attended ……………… Princeton University.
21.
Harry has been admitted to ……………….. School of Medicine at ………………. midwestern University.


22.
Mel’s grandmother is in …………….. hospital, so we went to visit her …………… last
night.
23.
………………. political science class is taking ……….. trip to ………… France in
…………… spring.
24.
Scientists sent ………………. expedition to …………… Mars during ………….. 1990s.
25.
Last night there was …………….. bird singing outside my house.
26.
……………….. chair that you are sitting in is broken.
27.
…………… Civil War was fought in …………… United States between 1861 and 1865.
28.
…………… Florida State University is smaller than ……………….. University of
Florida.
29.

There was ……………. Knock on ………… door. I opened it and found ……… small
dark man in …………… blue overcoat and ………….. woolen cap.
30.
……………. Queen Elizabeth II is …………….. monarch of ………… Great Britain.
31.
Do you know ……….. time?
Yes, ………. Clock in …………. Hall has just struck nine.
32.
………….. listening to ……….. teacher is useful for all of us.
33.
Most of …………… students working in ………… garden are tired.
34.
He works as …………….. assistant in ………….. same shop as I do.
35.
Do you think I should go to …………….. police?


36.
To prevent …………….. possible repetition of this accident, I lent him ………. Torch.
37.
Most …………… farmers working hard on their land almost get nothing for their
lifetime.
38.
Do you see ……………… man standing near …………… door?
39.
I told you about ……………….. burglary that we had at ……………… shop, didn’t I?
40.
…………………… practicing English everyday of all the students in our class is very
necessary.
Exercise 2: Điền vào chỗ trông bằng a, an, the hoặc some khi cần thiết.

1.

…………. milk come from …… cow.

2.

…………..window is made of ……… glass.

3.

…………..table is made of ………….wood.

4.

We can write ……. Litter on ……….. paper.

5.

We eat ……… soup with ……… spoon.

6.

I can write ……… letter in …….. ink or with ……. Pencil.

7.

There is …………. dirt on this plate and ………… dirty mark on the tablecloth.

8.


I want …………. glass of lemonade with ………. Sugar in it.

9.

I like ………….. music very much.

10.
………………. doors of our room are broken.
11.
………………... man standing at the door is my brother.
12.
I received ……………. letter this morning, ………. Letter was from my brother.
13.
…………. meat that we bought yesterday has spoiled.
14.
………….. birds can fly very high in ……….. sky.