ễN THI QUC GIA - CHUYấN 2: SO SNH
(COMPARISONS)
1. Equal comparisons: (So sỏnh bng)
(+) S1 + be/ V + as + adj / adv + as + S2 + aux
E.g: He is as old as my father.
He drives as carefully as I (do).
Mai is as beautiful as her mother.
(-) S1 + be not / Aux verb+ as/so + adj/adv + as + S2 + aux
E.g: He is not as/so old as my father.
He doesnt drive as/so carefully as I (do).
- We use equal degree when we want to emphasize how many times this object is
more than that one.
E.g: Her husband is twice as old as she (is).
- í bng nhau, nh nhau cú th c thay th bng cỏch din t khỏc:
S + V + the same + (noun) + as + noun/ pronoun
Ex: My house is as high as his = My house is the same height as his
Tom is as old as Mary = Tom and Mary are the same age
Adj
noun
Heavy/ light
weight
wide/ marrow
width
deep/ shallow
depth
long/ short
length
big/ small
size
old
age

2. Comparatives (So sỏnh hn)
* Short adjectives and adverbs: (Tớnh t v trng t ngn)
S1 + be/ V + adj/ adv (short) + er + than + noun/ pronoun
E.g: You are thinner than he (is).
He runs faster than I (do).
Today is hotter than yesterday.
I am three years older than you are.
* Long adjectives and adverbs: (Tớnh t v trng t di)
S1 + V + more + adj/ adv (long) + than + noun/ pronoun
E.g: He is more intelligent than I (am).
He drives more carefully than I (do).
- Lu ý:
- Đằng sau trng t so sánh nh than và as phải là đại từ nhân xng chủ ngữ, không đợc
phép là đại từ nhân xng tân ngữ ( lỗi cơ bản).
Eg:
Johns grades are higher than his sisters.
Today is hotter than yesterday.
This chair is more comfortable than the other.
He speaks Spanish more fluently than I .
He visits his family less frequently than she does.
This years exhibit is less impressive than last years.
- nhn mnh, ta cú th thờm much, a lot, far, a bit, a little vo trc so sỏnh hn
Eg: Lets go by car. Its much cheaper.
Her illness was far more serious than we thought at first.
- So sỏnh kộm hn: S + V + less + Adj/ Adv + than + noun/ pronoun
Eg: This book is less difficult than that one.
He ran less quickly than Bill.
3. Superlatives (So sỏnh nht)
S + be/V + the + adj/ adv (short) + est + in (danh t s ớt)
the most + long adjective/ adverb + of (danh t s nhiu)


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the least + adjective/ adverb
E.g: Nam is the tallest student in my class.
Cheetah runs the fastest in the world.
Nga is the most intelligent of all the students.
Those shoes are the least expensive of all.
* Qui tắc thêm “er/ est” vào sau tính từ:
- Tính từ một âm tiết tận cùng là 1 phụ âm đơn (trừ : w, x, z) đứng trước một nguyên âm đơn thì gấp đôi phụ
âm cuối + er/ est : big – bigger- biggest
- Tính từ 2 âm tiết, tận cùng là : y, le, et, ow, er ta biến đổi như tính từ ngắn : clever – cleverer – cleverest
Happy – happier – happiest
quiet – quieter – quietest
- Tính từ 1 âm tiết tận cùng là « e » câm :chỉ thêm ‘r’/ ‘st’ :
- Tính từ 1 âm tiết kết thúc bằng :phụ âm +y : đổi y thành i + er/ est
Dry – drier/ driest
* Iregular adjectives/ adverbs
No Equal degree
Comparative
Superlative
1. bad/badly/ ill
worse
worst
2.
good/ well
better
best
3.

much
more
most
4.
little
less
least
5.
far
farther/ further
farthest/ furthest
6.
old
older/ elder
oldest/ eldest
7
near
nearer
nearest
8.
late
later/ latter
latest/ last
4. Comparions with nouns: (So sánh với danh từ)
Danh từ cũng có thể được dùng làm so sánh trong cấu trúc so sánh bằng, hưn hoặc kém
+ S1 + V +
as
many/ much + N as noun/ pronoun
S1 + negative V as/ so few/ little +
E.g He earns as much money as I do.

I don’t have as/ so many friends as he does.
+ S1 + V + more/ fewer/ less + N + than noun/ pronoun
E.g He has collected more stamps than I have.
I have collected fewer stamps than he has.
5. So sánh gia bội (so sánh gấp nhiều lần)
Là loại so sánh gấp rười, gấp đôi gấp ba. Cấu trúc này không dùng cho so sánh hơn, kém mà dùng cho so
sánh bằng
much
noun
Subject + verb + béi
+ noun
sè + as +
+ as +
pronou
many
n
Bội số có thể bao gồm: half, twice, three times, four times ….
Thisdictionary costs twice as much as the other one.
At the clambake last week, Fred ate three times as many oysters as Barney.
Jerome has half as many records now as I had last year.
- Ta phải xác định danh từ số ít hay số nhiều để dùng much hay many
6. Double comparisons: (So sánh kép)
6.1. Càng ngày càng...; mỗi lúc một ...hơn
+ Short adjective/ adverb: adj/ adv + er and adj/ adv + er
+ Long adj/ adv:
more and more + adj/ adv
• Children spend more and more time watching TV.
• She is getting fatter and fatter.
She becomes more and more beautiful/ He is more and more studious.
6.2. Càng ngày càng it …; càng ngày càng kém

Với tính từ ngắn hay tính từ dài, ta theo công thức dưới đây:
Less and less + adj/ adv

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Eg: My father becomes less and less strong.
6.3. Càng …thì ....càng....:
+ short adj/ adv:
The adj/ adv + er S – V, the adj/ adv + er S-V
Ex: The richer he gets, the weaker he is
The darker it gets, the colder it is.
The sooner you take your medicine, the better you will feel.
The more you study, the smarter you will become.
+ Long adj/ adv: The more + adj/ adv S-V, the more + adj/ adv S-V
Ex: The more beautiful she is, the more miserable her husband is.
- Với động từ: the more……., the more ……
Ex: The more I hate him, the more he loves me.
The more she sings, the more I look at her.
Note: Nhiều khi 2 vế không cùng một loại tính từ ngắn hay dài mà lẫn lộn nhau.
Ex: The more she smiles, the more graceful she is.
6.4 Càng ít …. thì càng ít....; càng kém…, thì càng kém
Với tính từ ngắn cũng như tính từ dài:
The less + adj …., the less + adj ….
Ex: The less difficult the lesson is, the less hard-working students are.
- Với động từ: The less …., the less….
Ex: The less I live with him, the less I like him.
EXERCISES
EXERCISE 1. Give the correct form of the adjectives and adverbs in brackets:
1. This chair is ..........................………………….. than that one. (comfortable)

2. Your flat is .....................………....... than mine. (large)
3. The weather today is ........................……… than it was yesterday. (hot)
4. The Nile is the ........................……………………….. river in the world. (long)
5. Chinese bicycles are ................…........……………….. than Japanese ones. (bad)
6. Mathematics is ........................…………………...….. than English. (difficult)
7. Ho Chi Minh is the ............................………………. city in Viet Nam. (big)
8. He drives ................................. .. ……………than his friend. (careful)
9. She sings ........................……………………….. in this school. (beautiful)
10. I read ............................……………………….. than my sister. (slow)
11. Grace is ...........................………………….. girl in our class. (old)
12. This exercise is .........................…….…………..than that one. (easy)
13. He is twice .........................…….…………..as you. (fat)
14. Nam is .........................…….………….. student of all. (noisy)
15. My cold is .........................…….………….. today than it was yesterday. (good)
EXERCISE 2. Choose the best option to complete the following sentences:
1. The more she smiles , ................ she becomes.
A. more graceful
B. the most graceful
C. most graceful
D. the more graceful
2. Hotels have developed …………………… restaurants.
A. as rapidly as
B. so rapidly as
C. as rapid as
D. more rapid
3. Can Tho bridge is the …………………… one in the South of Viet Nam.
A. long
B. shortest
C. longest
D. longer

4. Albert Einstein’s contributions to scientific theory were ................ those of Galileo and Newton.
A. important than
B. more important
C. the most important D. as important as
5. Impalas cannot move as ................ cheetahs but they are more efficient runners.
A. faster than
B. fast as
C. fast
D. are fast as
6. Both are informative articles, but this one is ................ .
A. best
B. the best
C. most
D. better
7. She is the .………… girl in our town.

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A. more beautiful
B. beauty
C. most beautiful
D. more beautifully
8. The harder you learn.............
A. The better is your English
B. The better will be your English
C. The better becomes your English
D. The better your English will be
9. Jim is the ................. in his class.
A. clever

B. cleverest
C. cleverer
D. more clever
10. Of the two shirts, this one is ...................
A. the prettiest
B. the most pretty
C. prettier
D. the prettier
11. Your house is ................. mine.
A. as bigger as
B. many times as big as
C. much big as
D. not many times big
12. Last year it wasn’t as cold as this year.
A. This year it is as colder than last year.
B. This year it is colder than last year.
C. This year it isn’t as cold as last year.
D. This year it isn’t colder than last year.
13. She is older than me.
A. I’m more younger than her.
B. I’m as younger as her.
C. I’m more young than her.
D. I’m younger than her.
14. The test is not …………………
A. as difficult as it was last month.
B. so difficult as it was last month
C. more difficult as it was last month.
D. Both A & B are correct
15. The Nile River is ………………… of all.
A. longer

B. the longest
C. long
D. longest
16. .................. we read, .................. we know.
A. The most/ the most B. The more/ the more
C. Most/ most
D. More/ more
17. It gets ................... Let’s go swimming.
A. hot and hot
B. the more hot
C. more and more hot
D. hotter and hotter
18. Peter usually drives .................. Mary.
A. more fast
B. more fast than
C. more fast
D. faster
19. The problem seems to be ..................
A. more serious
B. more serious than
C. more serious as
D. more and more serious
20. Peter can not earn .................. his wife.
A. as many money as B. as much money as
C. as many money than D. as much money than
21. Prices get ..................
A. high and high
B. highest and highest
C. more and more high D. higher and higher
22. The more manufacturers advise, .................. they sell.

A. the most products B. the products more
C. the more products D. most products
23. ................. a car is ................. it is.
A. The more expensive/ the comfortabler
B. The most expensive/ the most comfortable
C. The more expensive/ the more comfortable
D. The less expensive/ the more comfortable
24. Of the five students. Mary is .................
A. more intelligent B. the more intelligent
C. most intelligent
D. the most intelligent
25. Steel is ................ than wood.
A. more heavy
B. as heavy
C. heavier
D. more heavier
26. A super market is …………………… a shopping center.
A. less convenient as
B. less convenient than
C. not so convenient than
D. the most convenient as
27. Viet Nam becomes …………………… to foreign tourists.
A. more and most attractive
B. the more attractive
C. much and more attractive
D. more and more attractive
28. This car is …………………… than mine.
A. less expensive
B. as expensive
C. expensive

D. not so expensive
29. Tim’s grades are …………………… than John.
A. worse
B. worst
C. as bad
D. so bad
30. The …………………… we start, the sooner we will be back.
A. early
B. earliest
C. earlier
D. more early
EXERCISE 3: Complete the sentences using “Double” Comparatives
1. It’s becoming …………………..……… to find a job (hard)
2. The hole in your pullover is getting …………………..……… (big)

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3. My bags seemed to get …………………..………as I carried them (heavy)
4. As I waited for my interview, I became …………………..………(nervous)
5. As the day went on the weather got …………………..……… (bad)
6. Travelling is becoming …………………..………(expensive)
7. As the conversation went on, he became …………………..………… (talkative)
8. Since she has been in England, her English has got …………….(good)
EXERCISE 4. Rewrite each of the following sentences in such a way that it has the same meaning as
the sentence printed before it.
1. My kitchen is smaller than yours.
 Your kitchen…………………………………………………………………………………………
2. No one in the class is taller than Dave.
 Dave is…………………………………………………………………………………………………

3. Mum doesn’t speak English as well as Dad.
 Dad ……………………………………………………………………………………………
4. Lan is better cook than Hoa.
 Hoa can’t ………………………………………………………………………………………….
5. No restaurant in the city is better than that one.
 That restaurant is …………………………………………………………………………………
6. This watch is worse than that one.
 That watch …………………………………………………………………………………………
7. My sister writes more carefully than she did.
 My sister …………………………………………………………………………………………
8. This story is more interesting than any other story that I have ever read.
 This is the ………………………………………………………………………………………
9. She is the most beautiful girl I have ever known.
 I’ve never ................................................................................................................................................
10. Peter does not drive so carefully as Tom.
 Tom ………………………………………………………………………………………………
11. This is the most delicious cake I have ever tasted.
I have ..................................................................................................................................................
12. I have never met any more dependable person than Gorge.
Gorge is ..................................................................................................................................................
13. There isn’t anybody as kind-hearted as your mother.
Your mother ..................................................................................................................................................
14. There is no better teacher in this school than Mr John.
Mr John ..................................................................................................................................................
15. Have you got any bigger than that one?
It this ..................................................................................................................................................
16. No one I know is taller than he is.
He is .................................................................................................................................................
17. Summer nights in Cairo are much warmer than in London.
In London .................................................................................................................................................

18. Fewer people die from flu than 50 years ago.
Not as .................................................................................................................................................
19. There is less rain in Tokyo than in Athens in January.
More rain .................................................................................................................................................
20. There are fewer people in Taiwan than in Korea.
The population of Korea ..............................................................................................................................
EXERCISE 5. Identify the mistake in each sentence by choosing a suitable option.
1. Mr. Mender learned English rapidly and easy.
A
B
C D
2. The maid was careful to keep the room cleanly.
A
B
C
D
3. His knowledge of English grammar is quite well.
A
B C D
4. The last story was as interested as the other ones.

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A
B
C
D
5. Mr. Slater’s house is biger than ours.
A

B C
D
6. That brown chair is most comfortable than this one.
A
B
C
D
7. Lan is the most pretty of all the girls.
A
B
C
D
8. That lesson is a most difficult of all the lessons.
A B
C
D
9. Does your country have worse weather as this?
A
B
C
D
10. This girl is the most beautiful of the two daughters that he has.
A
B
C
D
11. Frank plays tennis worse of all the players.
A
B C
D

12. The most he tries, the more he succeeds.
A
B
C
D
13. She can pronounce English words more correct than she could last term.
A
B
C
D
14. In this class, the students are talking more loudlier than the teacher.
A
B
C
D
15. This summer is hotter and winder than last summer.
A B
C
D
16. You should practise English oftener to be a better speaker of English.
A
B
C
D
17. Ha Anh can now speak English more well than the last time I met him.
A
B
C
D
18. She is much more intelligent than Nam does.

A
B
C
D
19. The more rich he is, the more miserable he gets.
A
B
C
D
20. The harder we studied, the most confused we got.
A
B
C
D

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