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TOPIC 12: ĐỀ THI TRUNG HỌC PHỔ THÔNG - ĐẠI HỌC
EXERCISE 1: (D-2009) []
Very few people in the modern world obtain their food supply by hunting and gathering
in the natural environment surrounding their homes. This method of harvesting from nature’s
provision is the oldest known subsistence strategy and has been practised for at least the last
two million years. It was, indeed, the only way to obtain food until rudimentary farming and
the domestication of wild animals were introduced about 10,000 years ago.
Because hunter-gatherers have fared poorly in comparison with their agricultural cousins,
their numbers have dwindled, and they have been forced to live in marginal environments,
such as deserts and arctic wastelands. In higher latitudes, the shorter growing seasons have
restricted the availability of plant life. Such conditions have caused a greater dependence on
hunting, and on fishing along the coasts and waterways. The abundance of vegetation in the
lower latitudes of the tropics, on the other hand, has provided a greater opportunity for
gathering a variety of plants. In short, the environmental differences have restricted the diet
and have limited possibilities for the development of subsistence societies.
Contemporary hunter-gatherers may help us understand our prehistoric ancestors. We
know from the observation of modern hunter-gatherers in both Africa and Alaska that a
society based on hunting and gathering must be very mobile. While the entire community
camps in a central location, a smaller party harvests the food within a reasonable distance
from the camp. When the food in the area has become exhausted, the community moves on to
exploit another site. We also notice seasonal migration patterns evolving for most huntergatherers, along with a strict division of labor between the sexes. These patterns of behavior
may be similar to those practised by mankind during the Paleolithic Period.
Question 1: The word “domestication” in the first paragraph mostly means ________.
A. adapting animals to suit a new working environment
B. hatching and raising new species of wild animals in the home
C. teaching animals to do a particular job or activity in the home
D. making wild animals used to living with and working for humans

Question 2: According to the passage, subsistence societies depend mainly on ________.
A. hunter-gatherers’ tools
B. nature’s provision
C. farming methods
D. agricultural products
Question 3: The word “marginal” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to
“________”.
A. disadvantaged
B. suburban
C. forgotten
D. abandoned
Question 4: In the lower latitudes of the tropics, hunter-gatherers ________.
A. can free themselves from hunting
B. have better food gathering from nature
C. live along the coasts and waterways for fishing
D. harvest shorter seasonal crops
Question 5: According to the passage, studies of contemporary subsistence societies can

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provide a ________.
A. further understanding of prehistoric times
B. broader vision of prehistoric natural environments

C. further understanding of modern subsistence societies
D. deeper insight into the dry-land farming
Question 6: The word “conditions” in the second paragraph refers to ________.
A. the places where plenty of animals and fish can be found
B. the situations in which hunter-gatherers can grow some crops
C. the environments where it is not favorable for vegetation to grow
D. the situations in which hunter-gatherers hardly find anything to eat
Question 7: A typical feature of both modern and prehistoric hunter-gatherers is that
________.
A. they live in the forests for all their life
B. they don’t have a healthy and balanced diet
C. they don’t have a strong sense of community
D. they often change their living places
Question 8: According to the passage, which of the following is NOT mentioned?
A. Harvesting from the natural environment had existed long before farming was taken
up.
B. The environmental differences produce no effect on subsistence societies.
C. The number of hunter-gatherers decreases where farming is convenient.
D. Hunting or fishing develops where there are no or short growing seasons.
Question 9: According to the author, most contemporary and prehistoric hunter-gatherers
share ________.
A. some methods of production
B. some patterns of behavior
C. some restricted daily rules
D. only the way of duty division
Question 10: Which of the following would serve as the best title of the passage?
A. Hunter-gatherers and Subsistence Societies
B. Evolution of Humans’ Farming Methods
C. A Brief History of Subsistence Farming
D. Hunter-gatherers: Always on the Move

ĐÁP ÁN
1. D

2. B

3. A

4. B

5. A

6. C

7. D

8. B

9. B

10. A

GIẢI THÍCH CHI TIẾT
Question 1: Đáp án D.
domestication (n): thuần hóa
Đáp án A. adapting animals to suit a new working environment (thích ứng động vật để phù
hợp với môi trường làm việc mới) - Sai, không đủ nghĩa.
Đáp án B. hatching and raising new species of wild animals in the home (sinh sản và nuôi
những loài động vật hoang dã mới trong nhà) - Sai nghĩa.
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Đáp án C. teaching animals to do a particular job or activity in the home (dạy động vật làm
công việc cụ thể hoặc hoạt động trong nhà) - Sai nghĩa.
→ D. making wild animals used to living with and working for humans (làm cho những loài
động vật hoang dã quen với việc sống cùng con người và làm việc cho con người)
Question 2: Đáp án B.
Keywords: depend mainly on
Clue: This method of harvesting from nature’s provision is the oldest known subsistence
strategy and has been practised for at least the last two million years. It was, indeed, the only
way to obtain food... (Phương pháp thu hoạch từ tự nhiên là kế sinh nhai lâu dài nhất được
biết đến và đã được áp dụng ít nhất từ hai triệu năm trước. Thực vậy, đó là cách duy nhất để
kiếm thức ăn...).
Như vậy, ta có thể thấy sự tồn tại của xã hội thời kì đó phụ thuộc phần lớn vào tự nhiên.
Đáp án A. hunter-gatherers’ tools (công cụ săn bắt, hái lượm) - Sai, tham khảo clue.
Đáp án C. farming methods (phương thức canh tác) - Sai, tham khảo clue.
Đáp án D. agricultural products (sản phẩm nông nghiệp) - Sai, tham khảo clue.
→ B. nature’s provision
Question 3: Đáp án A.
Cần chú ý những danh từ được nhắc đến sau đó để đoán được nghĩa của từ. Chú ý từ: deserts
(sa mạc), arctic wastelands (đất hoang Bắc Cực).
marginal (a): không có lợi, khó trồng trọt (đất đai)
Đáp án B. suburban (a): thuộc ngoại ô
Đáp án C. forgotten (a): bị lãng quên
Đáp án D. abandoned (a): bị bỏ hoang

→ A. disadvantaged (a): hoang hóa, khó trồng trọt
Question 4: Đáp án B.
Keywords: lower latitudes of the tropics
Clue: The abundance of vegetation in the lower latitudes of the tropics, on the other hand, has
provided a greater opportunity for gathering a variety of plants. (Thảm thực vật phong phú ở
vùng khí hậu ấm áp nhiệt đới, mặt khác, đã đem lại một cơ hội lớn để người dân thu thập
được nhiều loại thực vật khác nhau)
→ B. have better food gathering from nature
Question 5: Đáp án A.
Keywords: contemporary subsistence societies
Clue: Contemporary huritfer-gatherers may helpo us understand our prehistoric ancestors.
(Săn bắt hái lượm đương đại có thể giúp ta hiểu hơn về tổ tiên thời tiền sử của mình)
Đáp án B. broader vision of prehistoric natural environments (tầm nhìn rộng hơn về môi
trường tự nhiên thời tiền sử) - Sai, tham khảo clue.
Đáp án C. further understanding of modern subsistence societies (hiểu biết thêm về xã hội
hiện đại đang tồn tại) - Sai, tham khảo clue.
Đáp an D. deeper insight into the dry-land farming (cái nhìn sâu hơn về canh tác đất khô) –

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Sai, tham khảo clue.
→ A. further understanding of prehistoric times (hiểu biết thêm về thời tiền sử).
Question 6: Đáp án C.

Từ “conditions” để chỉ những khó khăn đề cập ngay câu trước nó.
Clue: “In higher latitudes, the shorter growing seasons have restricted the availability of plant
life.” (Ở vùng khí hậu ấm áp, mùa sinh trưởng ngắn đã hạn chế sự tồn tại của đời sống thực
vật.)
Đáp án C. the environments where it is not favorable for vegetation to grow (môi trường
không thuận lợi để thực vật phát triển) là đáp án đúng.
Question 7: Đáp án D.
Keywords: A typical feature, both
Trong bài có đề cập đặc điểm của họ là “very mobile” (có tính di dộng cao)
Clue: “When the food in thè area has become exhausted, the community moves on to exploit
another site.” (Khi thức ăn trong vùng đã cạn kiệt, họ chuyển tới khai thác ở một vùng khác)
→ D. they often change their living places (thường xuyên thay đổi nơi sống) là đáp án chính
xác và phù hợp nhất.
Question 8: Đáp án B.
Keywords: not mentioned
Các đáp án A, C, D đều được đề cập trong bài.
Đáp án A. Harvesting from the natural environment had existed long before farming was
taken up. (Thu hoạch từ môi trường tự nhiên đã tồn tại rất lâu trước khi canh tác thế chỗ nó)
Đáp án C. The number of hunter-gatherers decreases where farming is convenient. (Số lượng
người săn bắt hái lượm đã giảm khi mà canh tác nông nghiệp trở nên tiện lợi)
Đáp án D. Hunting or fishing develops where there are no or short growing seasons. (Săn
bắn hoặc đánh bắt cá phát triển khi mà không có mùa sinh trưởng hoặc mua sinh trưởng
ngắn nào)
Đáp án B sai vì trong bài có nói đến sự khác nhau của môi trường sống tác động đến sự tồn
vong của xã hội “In short, the environmental differences have restricted the diet and have
limited possibilities for the development of subsistence societies.” chứ không phải là “no
effect” (không gây lại tác động gì)
→ B. The environmental differences produce no effect on subsistence societies.
Question 9: Đáp án B.
Keywords: share

Clue: “We also notice seasonal migration patterns evolving for most hunter-gatherers, along
with a strict division of labor between the sexes.” (Chúng ta cũng nhận ra tập quán di cư theo
mùa với hầu hết những người săn bắt hái lượm, cùng với sự phân chia nghiêm ngặt trong lao
động giữa các giới tính)
Như vậy, hầu hết những người săn bắt hái lượm đương đại và tiền sử cùng giống nhau ở tập
quán của mình.
→ B. some patterns of behavior

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Question 10: Đáp án A.
Đáp án B. Evolution of Humans’ Farming Methods (Quá trình phát triển các phương thức
canh tác của con người) - Sai, không phù hợp nội dung toàn bài.
Đáp án C. A Brief History of Subsistence Farming (Lược sử của canh tác tự cung tự cấp) Sai, không phải nội dung chính.
Đáp án D. Hunter-gatherers: Always on the Move (Những người săn bắt hái lượm: Luôn luôn
di chuyển) - Sai, ý này có được đề cập nhưng không đủ bao quát toàn bài.
→ A. Hunter-gatherers and Subsistence Societies.
CẤU TRÚC - TỪ VỰNG QUAN TRỌNG
1. Indeed (adv): thực vậy, quả thực, thực tế thì. ~ in fact, as a matter of fact.
2. On the other hand: mặt khác
3. Domestication (n): thuần hóa
4. High/low/temperate latitudes: vùng khí hậu ấm áp/lạnh/ôn hòa.
5. Subsistence farming (n): sự canh tác tự cung tự cấp (sản xuất đủ cho bản thân và gia đình,

không dư thừa để bán), nông nghiệp tự túc.
6. Hunter-gatherer (n): người thuộc thời kì săn bắt hái lượm để kiếm ăn.
7. Marginal (a): không có lợi, khó trồng trọt (đất đai) ~ disadvantaged (a): hoang hóa, khó
trồng trọt
EXERCISE 2: (D - 2010) []
It’s often said that we learn things at the wrong time. University students frequently do
the minimum of work because they’re crazy about a good social life instead. Children often
scream before their piano practice because it’s so boring. They have to be given gold stars and
medals to be persuaded to swim, or have to be bribed to take exams. But the story is different
when you’re older.
Over the years, I’ve done my share of adult learning. At 30,1 went to a college and did
courses in History and English. It was an amazing experience. For starters, I was paying, so
there was no reason to be late - I was the one frowning and drumming my fingers if the tutor
was late, not the other way round. Indeed, if I could persuade him to linger for an extra five
minutes, it was a bonus, not a nuisance. I wasn’t frightened to ask questions, and homework
was a pleasure not a pain. When I passed an exam, I had passed it for me and me alone, not
for my parents or my teachers. The satisfaction I got was entirely personal.
Some people fear going back to school because they worry that their brains have got
rusty. But the joy is that, although some parts have rusted up, your brain has learnt all kinds
of other things since you were young. It has learnt to think independently and flexibly and is
much better at relating one thing to another. What you lose in the rust department, you gain in
the maturity department.
In some ways, age is a positive plus. For instance, when you’re older, you get less
frustrated. Experience has told you that, if you’re calm and simply do something carefully
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from being able to drive a car, perhaps — means that if you can’t, say, build a chair instantly,
you don’t, like a child, want to destroy your first pathetic attempts. Maturity tells you that you
will, with application, eventually get there.
I hated piano lessons at school, but I was good at music. And coming back to it, with a
teacher who could explain why certain exercises were useful and with musical concepts that,
at the age of ten, I could never grasp, was magical. Initially, I did feel a bit strange, thumping
out a piece that I’d played for my school exams, with just as little comprehension of what the
composer intended as I’d had all those years before. But soon, complex emotions that I never
knew poured out from my fingers, and suddenly I could understand why practice makes
perfect.
Question 1: It is implied in paragraph 1 that ________.
A. young learners are usually lazy in their class
B. teachers should give young learners less homework
C. young learners often lack a good motivation for learning
D. parents should encourage young learners to study more
Question 2: The writer’s main point in paragraph 2 is to show that as people grow up,
________.
A. they cannot learn as well as younger learners
B. they have a more positive attitude towards learning
C. they tend to learn less as they are discouraged
D. they get more impatient with their teachers
Question 3: The phrase “For starters” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by “ ________”.
A. For beginners
B. First and foremost
C. At the starting point
D. At the beginning
Question 4: While doing some adult learning courses at a college, the writer was surprised

________.
A. to have more time to learn
B. to be able to learn more quickly
C. to feel learning more enjoyable
D. to get on better with the tutor
Question 5: In paragraph 3, the word “rusty” means ________.
A. not as good as it used to be through lack of practice
B. impatient because of having nothing to do
C. covered with rust and not as good as it used to be
D. staying alive and becoming more active
Question 6: The phrase “get there” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to “________”.
A. have the things you have long desired
B. achieve your aim with hard work
C. arrive at an intended place with difficulty D. receive a school or college degree
Question 7: All of the following are true about adult learning EXCEPT ________.
A. experience in doing other things can help one’s learning
B. young people usually feel less patient than adults
C. adults think more independently and flexibly than young people

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D. adult learners have fewer advantages than young learners
Question 8: It can be inferred from paragraph 4 that maturity is a positive plus in the learning

process because adult learners ________.
A. pay more attention to detail than younger learners
B. have become more patient than younger learners
C. are less worried about learning than younger learners
D. are able to organize themselves better than younger learners
Question 9: It is implied in the last paragraph that when you learn later in life, you ________.
A. should expect to take longer to learn than when you were younger
B. find that you can recall a lot of things you learnt when younger
C. can sometimes understand more than when you were younger.
D. are not able to concentrate as well as when you were younger.
Question 10: What is the writer’s main purpose in the passage?
A. To show how fast adult learning is.
B. To describe adult learning methods.
C. To encourage adult learning.
D. To explain reasons for learning.
ĐÁP ÁN
1. C

2. B

3. B

4. C

5. A

6. B

7. D


8. B

9. C

10. C

GIẢI THÍCH CHI TIẾT
Question 1: Đáp án C.
Clue: “They have to be given gold stars and medals to be persuaded to swim, or have to be
bribed to take exams” (Họ cẩn được trao tặng ngôi sao vàng hoặc huân chương để động viên
bơi, hoặc phải được hối lộ để làm bài kiểm tra)
→ C. young learners often lack a good motivation for learning (Người trẻ thường thiếu động
lực tốt cho việc học hành) là đáp án đúng.
Question 2: Đáp án B.
Keywords: paragraph 2, as people grow up
Toàn bộ nội dung đoạn 2 nói về trải nghiệm học tập của tác giả khi đi học đầy đủ, không ngại
hỏi, không ngại bài về nhà...vân vân. Như vậy tác giả muốn chỉ ra rằng khi ta lớn thường có
thái độ tích cực hơn về việc học.
Các đáp án còn lại đều sai thông tin.
Đáp án A. they cannot learn as well as younger learners (họ không thể học như những người
trẻ được)
Đáp án C. they tend to learn less as they are discouraged (họ có xu hướng học ít đi vì không
được động viên)
Đáp án D. they get more impatient with their teachers (họ trở nên thiếu kiên nhẫn hơn với
giáo viên)
→ B. they have a more positive attitude towards learning
Question 3: Đáp án B.
Từ “For starters” rất dễ nhầm lẫn nếu không xem văn cảnh và có thể dẫn đến dịch nhầm thành
“Dành cho người mới bắt đầu”. Tuy nhiên “For starters” mang nghĩa “Trước hết”, mục đích
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bắt đầu biểu đạt những ý kiến của tác giả về “It was an amazing experience.” - trải nghiệm thú
vị ở câu trước đó.
Đáp án A. For beginners (Dành cho những người mới bắt đầu) - Sai, không phù hợp văn
cảnh.
Đáp án C. At the starting point (Tại điểm bắt đầu) - Sai, không hợp nghĩa.
Đáp án D. At the beginning (Ban đầu) - Đóng vai trò trạng ngữ, không thích hợp.
→ B. First and foremost (Đầu tiên và trước hết là)
Question 4: Đáp án C.
Keywords: was surprised
Clue: “The satisfaction I got was entirely personal”
Như vậy có thể dễ dàng nhận thấy tác giả cảm thấy việc học hứng thú hơn.
→ C. to feel learning more enjoyable.
Question 5: Đáp án A.
rusty (a): han gỉ (nghĩa đen), lỗi thời, lạc hậu, trình độ kém (do thiếu thực hành)
Đáp án B. impatient because of having nothing to do (không kiên nhẫn do chẳng có gì để
làm)
Đáp án C. covered with rust and not as good as it used to be (bị gỉ bao phủ và không tốt như
trước)
Đáp án D. staying alive and becoming more active (đầy sức sống và trở nên năng động hơn)
→ A. not as good as it used to be through lack of practice (không tốt như trước do thiếu thực
hành)
Question 6: Đáp án B.

Nghĩa cả câu “Maturity tells you that you will, with application, eventually get there.” Có thể
tạm dịch là “Sự trưởng thành sẽ khiến bạn thực hiện được mong ước nếu đi cùng với sự nỗ
lực của bản thân”.
Đáp án A. have the things you have long desired (sở hữu những gì bạn mong muốn)
Đáp án C. arrive at an intended place with difficulty (đến một điểm đã định trước với khó
khăn)
Đáp án D. receive a school or college degree (nhận được bằng tốt nghiệp hoặc bằng đại học)
→ B. achieve your aim with hard work (đạt được mục tiêu với sự làm việc chăm chỉ)
Question 7: Đáp án D.
Toàn bộ bài đọc là những thuận lợi, lợi ích khi học ở độ tuổi trường thành. Vì vậy thông tin
trong đáp án D là sai.
→ D. adult learners have fewer advantages than young learners (người học ở độ tuổi trưởng
thành có ít lợi thế hơn người trẻ)
Question 8: Đáp án B.
Keywords: paragraph 4, positive plus
Clue: “...when you’re older, you get less frustrated. Experience has told you that, if you’re
calm and simply do something carefully again and again, eventually you’ll get the hang of it”
(khi bạn già, bạn sẽ ít nản chí. Kinh nghiệm cho thấy nếu bạn bình tĩnh và làm lại một cách

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cẩn thận hết lần này đến lần khác, dần dần bạn sẽ thành công)
→ B. have become more patient than younger learners (Những người trường thành có kiên

nhẫn hơn những người trẻ tuổi)
Question 9: Đáp án C.
Keywords: last paragraph, learn later in life
Clue: “at the age of ten, I could never grasp... suddenly I could understand why practice
makes perfect”
Đoạn văn nói về việc tác giả tập đàn piano lúc nhỏ, và dần lớn lên bỗng hiểu được sâu hơn
những bài học, thực hành đó.
→ C. can sometimes understand more than when you were younger (thi thoảng có thể hiểu
được nhiều hơn lúc còn nhỏ)
Question 10: Đáp án C.
Có thể dễ dàng chọn được đáp án này khi đọc đoạn văn thứ 2 và những nội dung được đề cập
sau đó.
→ C. to encourage adult learning (để khuyến khích người lớn học tập)
CẤU TRÚC - TỪ VỰNG QUAN TRỌNG
1. (to) get the hang of (something): Học được cách làm một cái gì đó, đạt được hiệu quả.
E.g: I’ll teach you how to use this program - you’ll get the hang of it after a while. (Tôi sẽ dạy
bạn cách sử dụng chương trình này, bạn sẽ học được nó sau một thời gian thôi.)
2. For starters: đầu tiên là, đầu tiên. ~ first and foremost
3. Eventually (adv): rốt cuộc, cuối cùng là ~ in the long run, ultimately
4. Nuisance (n): sự phiền toái, kẻ phiền toái.
5. Rusty (a): han gỉ (nghĩa đen), lỗi thời, lạc hậu, trình độ kém (do thiếu thực hành)
EXERCISE 3: (D-2010) []
In the West, cartoons are used chiefly to make people laugh. The important feature of all
these cartoons is the joke and the element of surprise which is contained. Even though it is
very funny, a good cartoon is always based on close observation of a particular feature of life
and usually has a serious purpose.
Cartoons in the West have been associated with political and social matters for many
years. In wartime, for example, they proved to be an excellent way of spreading propaganda.
Nowadays cartoons are often used to make short, sharp comments on politics and
governments as weir as on a variety of social matters. In this way, the modern cartoon has

become a very powerful force in influencing people in Europe and the United States.
Unlike most American and European cartoons, however, many Chinese cartoon drawings
in the past have also attempted to educate people, especially those who could not read and
write. Such cartoons about the lives and sayings of great men in China have proved extremely
useful in bringing education to illiterate and semi-literate people throughout China.
Confucius, Mencius and Laozi have all appeared in very interesting stories presented in the
form of cartoons. The cartoons themselves have thus served to illustrate the teachings of the
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Chinese sages in a very attractive way.
In this sense, many Chinese cartoons are different from Western cartoons in so far as they
do not depend chiefly on telling jokes. Often, there is nothing to laugh at when you see
Chinese cartoons. This is not their primary aim. In addition to commenting on serious
political and social matters, Chinese cartoons have aimed at spreading the traditiortal Chinese
thoughts and culture as widely as possible among the people.
Today, however, Chinese cartoons have an added part to play in spreading knowledge.
They offer a very attractive and useful way of reaching people throughout the world,
regardless of the particular country in which they live. Thus, through cartoons, the thoughts
and teachings of the old Chinese philosophers and sages can now reach people who live in
such countries as Britain, France, America, Japan, Malaysia or Australia and who are
unfamiliar with the Chinese culture.
Until recently, the transfer of knowledge and culture has been overwhelmingly from the
West to the East and not vice versa. By means of cartoons, however, publishing companies in

Taiwan, Hong Kong and Singapore are now having success in correcting this imbalance
between the East and the West.
Cartoons can overcome language barriers in all foreign countries. The vast increase in the
popularity of these cartoons serves to illustrate the truth of Confucius’s famous saying “One
picture is worth a thousand words.”
Question 1: Which of the following clearly characterizes Western cartoons?
A. Enjoyment, liveliness, and carefulness.
B. Originality, freshness, and astonishment.
C. Seriousness, propaganda, and attractiveness.
D. Humour, unexpectedness, and criticism.
Question 2: Chinese cartoons have been useful as an important means of ________.
A. political propaganda in wartime
B. amusing people all the time
C. educating ordinary people
D. spreading Western ideas
Question 3: The major differences between Chinese cartoons and Western cartoons come
from their ________.
A. styles
B. values
C. purposes
D. nationalities
Question 4: The pronoun “This” in paragraph 4 mostly refers to ________.
A. an educational purpose
B. a piece of art
C. a funny element
D. a propaganda campaign
Question 5: The passage is intended to present ________.
A. an opinion about how cartoons entertain people
B. an outline of Western cartoons and Chinese cartoons
C. a description of cartoons of all kinds the world over

D. a contrast between Western cartoons and Chinese cartoons
Question 6: Which of the following could be the best title for the passage?
A. A Very Powerful Force in Influencing People

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B. Chinese Cartoons and Western Cartoons
C. An Excellent Way of Spreading Propaganda
D. Cartoons as a Way of Educating People
Question 7: In general, Chinese cartoons are now aiming at ________.
A. disseminating traditional practices in China and throughout the world
B. spreading the Chinese ideas and cultural values throughout the world
C. bringing education to illiterate and semi-literate people in the world
D. illustrating the truth of Chinese great men’s famous sayings
Question 8: The word “imbalance” in paragraph 6 refers to ________.
A. the discrimination between the West culture and the East culture
B. the influence of the East cartoons over the West cartoons
C. the mismatch between the East cartoons and the West cartoons
D. the dominant cultural influence of the West over the East
Question 9: Which of the following is most likely the traditional subject of Chinese cartoons?
A. Jokes and other kinds of humour in political and social matters.
B. The philosophies and sayings of ancient Chinese thinkers.
C. The illiterate and semi-literate people throughout China.

D. The stories and features of the lives of great men the world over.
Question 10: According to the passage, which of the following is true?
A. Cartoons will replace other forms of writing.
B. Language barriers restricted cartoons.
C. Cartoons can serve various purposes.
D. Western cartoons always have a serious purpose.
ĐÁP ÁN
1. D

2. C

3. C

4. C

5. D

6. B

7. B

8. D

9. B

10. C

GIẢI THÍCH CHI TIẾT
Question 1: Đáp án D.
Keywords: clearly characterizes

Clue:
+ The important feature of all these cartoons is the joke and the element of surprise which is
contained. (Yếu tố quan trọng của những tranh biếm họa này là chuyện cười có yếu tố gây
ngạc nhiên trong đó)
+ Nowadays cartoons are often used to make short, sharp comments on politics and
governments as well as on a variety of social matters. (Ngày nay, tranh biếm họa thường
được sử dụng để đưa ra những lời bình luận ngắn gọn, sắc bén về chính trị, chính quyền cũng
như rất nhiều vấn đề xã hội khác)
Như vậy, câu mô tả đặc điểm tranh biếm họa phương Tây một cách rõ ràng nhất là
→ D. Humour, unexpectedness, and criticism. (Hài hước, bất ngờ và châm biếm)
Question 2: Đáp án C.
Keywords: Chinese cartoons, useful, important means of
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Clue: Such cartoons about the lives and sayings of great men in China have proved extremely
useful in bringing education to illiterate and semi-illiterate people throughout China. (Tranh
biếm họa nhân sinh cùng những câu châm ngôn của các bậc vĩ nhân Trung Hoa đã tỏ ra cực
kỳ hữu ích trong việc dạy học cho những người thất học và ít học khắp Trung Hoa)
→ C. educating ordinary people (giáo dục mọi người)
Question 3: Đáp án C.
Keywords: major differences, come from
Clue:
+ In the West, cartoons are used chiefly to make people laugh. (Ở phương Tây, tranh biếm

họa được dùng chủ yếu để gây tiếng cười cho mọi người)
+ Many Chinese cartoons are different from Western cartoons in so far as they do not depend
chiefly on telling jokes. (Nhiều tranh biếm họa Trung Hoa khác với tranh biếm họa phương
Tây bởi chúng không phụ thuộc chủ yếu vào việc kể chuyện cười)
→ C. purposes (mục đích)
Question 4: Đáp án C.
Clue: “There is nothing to laugh at when you see Chinese cartoons” (Chẳng có gì đáng cười
khi bạn xem tranh biếm họa Trung Hoa)
Vậy từ “This” ở đây là yếu tố gây cười, yếu tố hài hước được nhắc đến ở câu trước đó.
→ C. a funny element
Question 5: Đáp án D.
Keywords: different from
Clue: “Many Chinese cartoons are different from Western cartoons” (Tranh biếm họa Trung
Hoa khác với tranh biếm họa phương Tây)
→ D. a contrast between Western cartoons and Chinese cartoons (sự tương phản giữa tranh
biếm họa phương Tây và tranh biếm họa Trung Hoa)
Question 6: Đáp án B.
Có thể dễ dàng nhận ra đoạn 1 và 2 tác giả tập trung nói về tranh biếm họa phương Tây, đoạn
3 và 4 tác giả tập trung nói về tranh biếm họa Trung Hoa.
→B. Chinese Cartoons and Western Cartoons
Question 7: Đáp án B.
Keywords: Chinese cartoons, now, aiming at
Clue: “Chinese cartoons have aimed at spreading the traditional Chinese thoughts and culture
as widely as possible among the people” (Tranh biếm họa Trung Hoa nhắm tới việc truyền bá
tư tưởng và văn hóa truyền thống cho mọi người càng rộng rãi càng tốt)
→B. spreading the Chinese ideas and cultural values throughout the world! (Truyền bá tư
tưởng và những giá trị văn hóa của Trung Hoa ra toàn thế giới)
Question 8: Đáp án D.
imbalance (n): sự mất cân bằng, dominant (n): ưu thế, chiếm lĩnh
→ D. the dominant cultural influence of the West over the East. (Sự chiếm lĩnh của ảnh

hưởng văn hóa phương Tây đối với phương Đông)

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Question 9: Đáp án B.
Keywords: most likely, traditional subject, Chinese cartoons
Clue: “Such cartoons about the lives and sayings of great men in China.” (Tranh biếm họa về
nhân sinh và chăm ngôn của những bậc vĩ nhân ở Trung Hoa)
Đáp án A. Jokes and other kinds of humour in political and social matters. (Chuyện cười và
những thể loại hài hước khác về vấn đề chính trị xã hội) – Sai, tham khảo clue.
Đáp án C. The illiterate and semi-literate people throughout China. (Những người thất học và
ít học ở khắp Trung Hoa) - Sai, tham khảo clue.
Đáp án D. The stories and features of the lives of great men the world over. (Câu chuyện và
nét đặc trưng về cuộc sống của các bậc vĩ nhân trên khắp thế giới) – Sai, tham khào clue.
→ B. The philosophies and sayings of ancient Chinese thinkers. (Triết lý sống và những câu
châm ngôn của các nhà tư tưởng Trung Hoa xưa)
Question 10: Đáp án C.
Đắp án A. Cartoons will replace other forms of writing. (Tranh biếm họa sẽ thay thế cho
những hình thức văn viết khác) - Sai, không có thông tin trong bài
Đáp án B. Language barriers restricted cartoons. (Rào càn ngôn ngữ làm hạn chế tranh biếm
họa) - Sai, ở đầu đoạn cuối có nói “Cartoons can overcome language barriers in all foreign
countries” (Tranh biếm họa có thế vượt qua được rào càn ngôn ngữ ở mọi quốc gia)
Đáp án D. Western cartoons always have a serious purpose. (Tranh biếm họa phương Tây

luôn luôn có một mục đích nghiêm túc) - Sai, “usually has a serious purpose” (thường thì có
mục đích nghiêm túc). Ta cần cẩn thận khi lựa chọn đáp án, vì always # usually.
→ C. Cartoons can serve various purposes (Tranh biếm họa có thể phục vụ cho nhiều mục
đích)
CẤU TRÚC - TỪ VỰNG QUAN TRỌNG
1. Be associated with + N/N phrase: liên quan đến cái gì
2. Propaganda (n): sự tuyên truyền, tài liệu tuyên truyền
3. Attempt to do st: cố gắng thử làm gì
4. A sage (n): nhà hiền triết
5. Present (v): trình bày
6. Regardless of + N/N phrase = irrespective of + N/N phrase: bất kể là, bất chấp
7. Thus = therefore: vì vậy
8. Language barrier (n): rào cản ngôn ngữ
9. Illiterate (a): mù chữ
10. Have/play a part/role in + N/N phrase: có vai trò trong cái gì/việc gì
EXERCISE 4: (D - 2011) []
Culture is a word in common use with complex meanings, and is derived, like the term
broadcasting, from the treatment and care of the soil and of what grows on it. It is directly
related to cultivation and the adjectives cultural and cultured are part of the same verbal
complex. A person of culture has identifiable attributes, among them a knowledge of and
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interest in the arts, literature, and music. Yet the word culture does not refer solely to such

knowledge and interest nor, indeed, to education. At least from the 19 th century onwards,
under the influence of anthropologists and sociologists, the word culture has come to be used
generally both in the singular and the plural (cultures) to refer to a whole way of life of
people, including their customs, laws, conventions, and values.
Distinctions have consequently been drawn between primitive and advanced culture and
cultures, between elite and popular culture, between popular and mass culture, and most
recently between national and global cultures. Distinctions have been drawn too between
culture and civilization; the latter is a word derived not, like culture or agriculture, from the
soil, but from the city. The two words are sometimes treated as synonymous. Yet this is
misleading. While civilization and barbarism are pitted against each other in what seems to be
a perpetual behavioural pattern, the use of the word culture has been strongly influenced by
conceptions of evolution in the 19th century and of development in the 20th century. Cultures
evolve or develop. They are not static. They have twists and turns. Styles change. So do
fashions. There are cultural processes. What, for example, the word cultured means has
changed substantially since the study of classical (that is, Greek and Roman) literature,
philosophy, and history ceased in the 20 th century to be central to school and university
education. No single alternative focus emerged, although with computers has come electronic
culture, affecting kinds of study, and most recently digital culture. As cultures express
themselves in new forms not everything gets better or more civilized.
The multiplicity of meanings attached to the word made and will make it difficult to
define. There is no single, unproblematic definition, although many attempts have been made
to establish one. The only non-problematic definitions go back to agricultural meaning (for
example, cereal culture or strawberry culture) and medical meaning (for example, bacterial
culture or penicillin culture). Since in anthropology and sociology we also acknowledge
culture clashes, culture shock, and counter-culture, the range of reference is extremely wide.
Question 1: According to the passage, the word culture ________.
A. is related to the preparation and use of land for farming
B. comes from a source that has not been identified
C. develops from Greek and Roman literature and history
D. derives from the same root as civilization does

Question 2: It is stated in paragraph 1 that a cultured person ________.
A. has a job related to cultivation
B. does a job relevant to education
C. takes care of the soil and what grows on it
D. has knowledge of arts, literature, and music
Question 3: The author remarks that culture and civilization are the two words that
________.
A. share the same word formation pattern
B. have nearly the same meaning

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C. are both related to agriculture and cultivation
D. do not develop from the same meaning
Question 4: It can be inferred from the passage that since the 20th century ________.
A. schools and universities have not taught classical literature, philosophy, and history
B. classical literature, philosophy, and history have been considered as core subjects
C. classical literature, philosophy, and history have not been taught as compulsory
subjects
D. all schools and universities have taught classical literature, philosophy, and history
Question 5: The word “attributes” in paragraph 1 most likely means ________.
A. fields
B. qualities

C. aspects
D. skills
Question 6: The word “static” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by “ ________”.
A. unchanged
B. balanced
C. regular..
D. dense
Question 7: Which of the following is NOT stated in the passage?
A. Anthropology and sociology have tried to limit the references to culture.
B. Distinctions have been drawn between culture and civilization.
C. The use of the word culture has been changed since the 19th century.
D. The word culture can be used to refer to a whole way of life of people.
Question 8: It is difficult to give the definitions of the word culture EXCEPT for its
________.
A. agricultural and medical meanings
B. philosophical and historical meanings
C. historical and figurative meanings
D. sociological and anthropological meanings
Question 9: Which of the following is NOT true about the word culture?
A. It differs from the word civilization.
B. It evolves from agriculture.
C. Its use has been considerably changed.
D. It is a word that cannot be defined.
Question 10: The passage mainly discusses ________.
A. the multiplicity of meanings of the word culture
B. the distinction between culture and civilization
.
C. the figurative meanings of the word culture
D. the derivatives of the word culture
ĐÁP ÁN

1. D

2. D

3. D

4. C

5. B

6. A

7. A

8. A

9. D

10. A

GIẢI THÍCH CHI TIẾT
Question 1: Đáp án A.
Clue: “Culture is a word in common use with complex meanings, and is derived, like the term
broadcasting, from the treatment and care of the soil and of what grows on it”
→ A. is related to the preparation and use of land for farming (liên quan đến sự chuẩn bị và
swr dụng đất nông nghiệp)
Question 2: Đáp án D.
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Keywords: paragraph 1, cultured person
Clue: “A person of culture has identifiable attributes, among them a knowledge of and
interest in the arts, literature, and music” (Một người có vawn hóa có các thuộc tính dễ nhận
dạng, họ có hiểu biết và quan taam đến nghệ thuật, văn học và âm nhạc)
Question 3: Đáp án D.
Clue: “Distinctions have been drawn too between culture and civilization; the latter is a word
derived not, like culture or agriculture, from the soil, but from the city”
distinction (n): sự phân biệt
Đáp án A. share the same word formation pattern (cos cùng cách cấu tạo từ) - Sai, tham khảo
clue.
Đáp án B. have nearly the same meaning (gần như ddồng nghĩa) - Sai, có thể dễ dàng nhận ra
hài tữ này không đồng nghĩa.
Đáp án C. are both related to agriculture and cultivation (đều liên quan đến nông nghiệp và
trồng trọt) - Sai, chỉ có từ culture liên quan tới chúng.
→ D. do not develop from the same meaning (không phát triển theo nghĩa giống nhau)
Question 4: Đáp án C.
Keyword: since the 20th century
Clue: “the study of classical (that is, Greek and Roman) literature, philosophy, and history
ceased in the 20th century to be central to school and university education” (Việc nghiên cửu
văn học cổ điển Hy Lạp và La Mã, triết học, lịch sử đã ngừng lại ở thế kỉ 20 để tập trung vào
giáo dục phổ thông và đại học)
→ C. classical literature, philosophy, and history have not been taught as compulsory subjects
(văn học cổ điển, triết học và lịch sử không phái là những môn học chính được dạy)
Question 5: Đáp án B.

attribute (n): thuộc tính
field (n): lĩnh vực
quality (n): đặc tính
aspect (n): khía cạnh
skill (n): kỹ năng
→ B. qualities
Question 6: Đáp án A.
static (a): tĩnh, không thay đổi
unchanued (a); khônti thay đổi
balanced (a): ổn dịnh, cân đối
regular (a): đều đặn
dense (a): dày đặc
→ A. unchanged
Question 7: Đáp án A.
Clue:
+ “the use of the word culture has been strongly influenced by conceptions of evolution in the

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19th century and of development in the 20th century.” (Đáp án C)
+ “the word culture has come to be used generally both in the singular and the plural
(cultures) to refer to a whole way of life of people, including their customs, laws,
conventions, and values.” (Đáp án D)

Đáp án B. Distinctions have been drawn between culture and civilization. - Nội dung này có
được đề cập trong bài, xem lại câu 3.
Đáp án C. The use of the word culture has been changed since the 19th century. - Tham khảo
clue.
Đáp án D. The word culture can be used to refer to a whole way of life of people. - Tham
khảo clue.
→ A. Anthropology and sociology have tried to limit the references to culture.
Question 8: Đáp án A.
Clue: “The only non-problematic definitions go back to agricultural meaning and medical
meaning”
→ A. agricultural and medical meanings
Question 9: Đáp án D.
Clue: “The only non-problematic definitions go back to agricultural meaning and medical
meaning”
Như vậy từ “culture” không phải là từ không định nghĩa được mà nó vẫn có nghĩa nông
nghiệp và y học.
→ D. It is a word that cannot be defined.
Question 10: Đáp án A.
Dễ dàng nhận thấy nội dung bài nói từ “culture” với vô số nghĩa của nó.
→ A. the multiplicity of meanings of the word culture
CẤU TRÚC – TỪ VỰNG QUAN TRỌNG
1. Be derived from + N/N phrase: bắt nguồn từ đâu
2. Refer to + N/N phrase: ám chỉ đến
3. Onwards (adv): trở đi
4. A distinction (n): sự khác biệt => draw a distinction (collo): chỉ ra sự khác biệt
5. Primitive (a): nguyên thủy, sơ khai, ban đầu
6. Synonymous (a): đồng nghĩa
7. Pit st against st: đặt cái gì vào cuộc đấu với cái gì
8. Emerge (v): nổi lên, hiện lên, hiện ra
9. Acknowledge (v): thừa nhận, ghi nhận

10. Cease (v): dùng, ngưng, kết thúc
11. Static (a): tĩnh, không thay đổi
12. Attribute (n): thuộc tính
EXERCISE 5: (D-2011) []

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The issue of equality for women in British society first attracted national attention in the
early 20th century, when the suffragettes won for women the right to vote. In the 1960s
feminism became the subject of intense debate when the women’s liberation movement
encouraged women to reject their traditional supporting role and to demand equal status and
equal rights with men in areas such as employment and pay.
Since then, the gender gap between the sexes has been reduced. The Equal Pay Act of
1970, for instance, made it illegal for women to be paid less than men for doing the same
work, and in 1975 the Sex Discrimination Act aimed to prevent either sex having an unfair
advantage when applying for jobs. In the same year the Equal Opportunities Commission was
set up to help people claim their rights to equal treatment and to publish research and statistics
to show where improvements in opportunities for women need to be made. Women now have
much better employment opportunities, though they still tend to get less well-paid jobs than
men, and very few are appointed to top jobs in industry.
In the US the movement that is often called the “first wave of feminism” began in the
mid 1800s. Susan B. Anthony worked for the right to vote, Margaret Sanger wanted to
provide women with the means of contraception so that they could decide whether or not to

have children, and Elizabeth Blackwell, who had to fight for the chance to become a doctor,
wanted women to have greater opportunities to study. Many feminists were interested in other
social issues.
The second wave of feminism began in the 1960s. Women like Betty Friedan and Gloria
Steinem became associated with the fight to get equal rights and opportunities for women
under the law. An important issue was the Equal Rights Amendment (ERA), which was
intended to change the Constitution. Although the ERA was not passed, there was progress in
other areas. It became illegal for employers, schools, clubs, etc. to discriminate against
women. But women still find it hard to advance beyond a certain point in their careers, the socalled glass ceiling that prevents them from having high-level jobs. Many women also face
the problem of the second shift, i.e. the household chores.
In the 1980s, feminism became less popular in the US and there was less interest in
solving the remaining problems, such as the fact that most women still earn much less than
men. Although there is still discrimination, the principle that it should not exist is widely
accepted.
Question 1: It can be inferred from paragraph 1 that in the 19th century, ________.
A. British women did not have the right to vote in political elections
B. most women did not wish to have equal status and equal rights
C. British women did not complete their traditional supporting role
D. suffragettes fought for the equal employment and equal pay
Question 2: The phrase “gender gap” in paragraph 2 refers to ________.
A. the social distance between the two sexes
B. the difference in status between men and women
C. the visible space between men and women

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D. the social relationship between the two sexes
Question 3: Susan B. Anthony, Margaret Sanger, and Elizabeth Blackwell are mentioned as
________.
A. American women who had greater opportunities
B. American women who were more successful than men
C. pioneers in the fight for American women’s rights
D. American women with exceptional abilities
Question 4: The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA) ________.
A. supported employers, schools and clubs B. was brought into force in the 1960s
C. was not officially approved
D. changed the US Constitution
th
Question 5: In the late 20 century, some information about feminism in Britain was issued
by ________.
A. the Equal Pay Act of 1970
B. the Sex Discrimination Act
C. the Equal Opportunities Commission
D. the Equal Rights Amendment
Question 6: Which of the following is true according to the passage?
A. The US movement of feminism became the most popular in the late 20th century.
B. The women’s liberation movement in the world first began in Britain.
C. The movement of feminism began in the US earlier than in Britain.
D. The British government passed laws to support women in the early 20th century.
Question 7: The phrase “glass ceiling” in paragraph 4 mostly means ________.
A. an overlooked problem
B. a ceiling made of glass
C. an imaginary barrier

D. a transparent frame
Question 8: Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?
A. Many American women still face the problem of household chores.
B. An American woman once had to fight for the chance to become a doctor.
C. British women now have much better employment opportunities.
D. There is now no sex discrimination in Britain and in the US.
Question 9: It can be inferred from the passage that ________.
A. the belief that sex discrimination should not exist is not popular in the US
B. women in Britain and the US still fight for their equal status and equal rights
C. the British government did not approve of the women’s liberation movement
D. women do not have better employment opportunities despite their great efforts
Question 10: Which of the following would be the best title for the passage?
A. Women and the Right to Vote
B. Opportunities for Women Nowadays
C. The Suffragettes in British Society
D. Feminism in Britain and the US
ĐÁP ÁN
1. D

2. B

3. C

4. C

5. C

6. C

7. C


8. D

9. B

10. D

GIẢI THÍCH CHI TIẾT
Question 1: Đáp án A.
Keywords: paragraph 1, in the 19th century
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Clue: “The issue of equality for women in British society first attracted national attention in
the early 20th century, when the suffragettes won for women the right to vote” (Vấn đề về bình
đẳng của phụ nữ trong xã hội Anh thu hút sự chú ý trên toàn quốc lần đầu điên vào đầu
những năm thế kỉ 20, khi những người phụ nữ đi bầu cử đã giành được quyền bỏ phiếu của
phụ nữ)
Như vậy vào đầu thế kỉ 20, phụ nữ Anh mới có quyền bỏ phiếu. Ta có thể đoán được rằng, thế
kỉ 19 phụ nữ Anh hoàn toàn không có quyền này.
→ A. British women did not have the right to vote in political elections (Phụ nữ người Anh
không có quyền bỏ phiếu trong các cuộc bầu cử chính trị)
Question 2: Đáp án B.
gender gap (n): khoảng cách giới tính, sự phân biệt giới tính.

→ B. the difference in status between men and women (Khác biệt về địa vị giữa đàn ông và
phụ nữ)
Question 3: Đáp án C.
Keywords: Susan B. Anthony, Margaret Sanger, and Elizabeth Blackwell
Clue: “Susan B. Anthony worked for the right to vote, Margaret Sanger wanted to provide
women with the means of contraception so that they could decide whether or not to have
children, and Elizabeth Blackwell, who had to fight for the chance to become a doctor, wanted
women to have greater opportunities to study” (Susan B. Anthony đã hành động để giành
quyền bầu cử, Margaret Sanger muốn cung cấp cho phụ nữ những phương thức tránh thai để
họ quyết định nên hay không nên có con, và Elizabeth Blackwell, người đã đấu tranh để cộ cơ
hội trở thành một bác sĩ, mong muốn phụ nữ có nhiều cơ hội rộng mở hơn để học tập)
→ C. pioneers in the fight for American women’s rights (những người tiên phong cho đấu
tranh về quyền của phụ nữ ở nước Mỹ)
Question 4: Đáp án C.
Keywords: The Equal Rights Amendment (ERA)
Clue: “Although the ERA was not passed, there was progress in other areas” (Mặc dù ERA
không được thong qua, nhưng nó vẫn được áp dụng ở những khu vực khác)
Như vậy ERA không chính thức đươc chấp thuận vì không được thông qua.
→ C. was not officially approved
Question 5: Đáp án C.
Keywords: In the late 20th century, feminism in Britain
Clue: “In the same year the Equal Opportunities Commission was setup to help people claim
their rights to equal treatment and to publish research and statistics to show where
improvements in opportunities for women need to be made” (Cũng trong năm đó, EOC được
thành lập để giúp người dân đòi quyền của họ được đối xử bình đẳng và công bố những
nghiên cứu cùng số liệu những nơi cần phải nâng cao cơ hội cho phụ nữ)
→ C. the Equal Opportunities Commission
Question 6: Đáp án C.
Phong trào đòi bình quyền cho phụ nữ bắt đầu ở Mỹ vào giữa thế kỉ 19, còn ở Anh bắt đầu


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vào đầu thế kỉ 20, như vậy phong trào đòi bình quyền cho nữ giới bắt đầu ở Mỹ sớm hơn ở
Anh.
→ C. The movement of feminism began in the US earlier than in Britain.
Question 7: Đáp án C.
glass ceiling (n): tình trạng không được thăng quan tiến chức do tuổi tác, giới tính, dân tộc.
(Hoặc tạm dịch là rào cản)
Đáp án A. an overlooked problem (một vấn đề bị coi nhẹ) – Sai, không phù hợp với văn cảnh.
Đáp án B. a ceiling made of glass (trần nhà thủy tinh) - Sai, không phù hợp nghĩa.
Đáp án D. a transparent frame (khung trong suốt) - Sai, không phù hợp nghĩa.
→ C. an imaginary barrier (rào cản ảo)
Question 8: Đáp án D.
Dễ dàng nhận ra toàn bài nói về quá trình đấu tranh nữ quyền ở Mỹ và Anh do phụ nữ chịu
nhiều thiệt thòi, vì vậy không thể không có sự phân biệt giới tính ở cả hai nước được.
→ D. There is now no sex discrimination in Britain and in the US.
Question 9: Đáp án B.
Nữ quyền luôn là vấn đề nhức nhối, ngày nay dù ở Anh hay ở Mỹ hay ở mọi nơi thì phụ nữ
vẫn đấu tranh về quyền của mình.
→ B. women in Britain and the US still fight for their equal status and equal rights.
Question 10: Đáp án D.
Đáp án A. Women and the Right to Vote (Nữ giới và quyền bầu cử)
Đáp án B. Opportunities for Women Nowadays (Cơ hội cho phụ nữ ngày nay)

Đáp án C. The Suffragettes in British Society (Những phụ nữ đòi quyền bầu cử cho nữ giới ở
xã hội Anh)
→ D. Feminism in Britain and the US (Phong trào đòi bình quyền cho phụ nữ ở Anh và Mỹ) Tóm lược nội dung toàn bài.
CẤU TRÚC – TỪ VỰNG QUAN TRỌNG
1. Gender gap (n): khoảng cách giới tính, sự phân biệt giới tính.
2. Discrimination against/in favour of somebody: kỳ thị/ủng hộ ai
3. Teminism (n): phong trào đòi bình quyền cho phụ nữ, thuyết nam nữ bình quyền
4. Glass ceiling (n): tình trạng không được thăng quan tiến chức do tuổi tác, giới tính, dân
tộc.
5. Prevent somebody from doing something: ngăn chặn ai làm việc gì
E.g: Nobody can prevent us from getting married. (Không ai có thể ngăn cản chúng tôi kết
hôn)
EXERCISE 6: (A1 - 2012) []
Most journeys in Britain and the US are made by road. Some of these are made on public
transport but most are by private car.
In Britain many peaple rely on their cars for daily local activities, e.g. getting to
work,doing the shopping, and visting friends. People living in urban areas may use buses,

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trains or, in London, the Underground, to get to city centres, mainly because traffic is often
heavy and it is difficult to find anywhere to park a car. Some places in the country may have a
bus only two or three times a week so people living there have no choice but to rely on their

cars.
In the US large cities have good public transportation systems. The El railroad in Chicago
and the underground systems of New York, Boston, San Francisco and Washington, DC are
heavily used. Elsewhere, most Americans prefer to use their cars. Families often have two
cars and, outside major cities, have to drive fairly long distances to schools, offices, banks,
ect. Many college and even high-school students have their own cars.
Long-distance travel in Britain is also mainly by road, though railways link most towns
and cities. Most places are linked by motorways or other fast roads and many people prefer to
drive (at their own convenience) rather than use a train, even though they may get stuck in a
traffic jam. Long – distance coach/ bus services are usually a cheaper alternative to trains, but
they take longer and may be less comfortable. Some long-distance travel, especially that
undertaken for businees reasons, may be by air. There are regular flights between regional
airports, as well as to and from London. A lot of freight is also distributed by road, though
heavier items and raw materials often go by rail.
In the US much long-distance travel is by air. America has two main long-distance bus
companies, Greyhound and Trailways. Amtrak, the national network, provides rail services for
passengers. Private railway companies such as Union Pacific now carry only freight, though
in fact over 70% of freight goes by road.
The main problems associated with road transport in both Britain and the US are traffic
congestion and pollution. It is predicted that the number of cars on British roads will increase
by a third within a few years, making both these problems worse. The British govetnment
would like more people to use public transport, but so far they have had little success in
persuading people to give up their cars or to share rides with neighbours. Most people say that
public transport is simply not good enough. Americans too have resisted government requests
to share cars because it is less convenient and restricts their freedom. Pestrol/ gasoline is
relatively cheap in the US and outside the major cities pulblic transport is bad, so (they) see
no reason to ues their car less.
(Extracted from Oxford Guide to British and American Culure, Oxford University Press,
2000)
Question 1: In Britain and the US most people travel by ________.

A. sea
B. rail
C. road
D. air
Question 2: According to the passage, people in London may prefer the Underground to their
own cars due to ________.
A. cheap tickets
B. air pollution
C. long distances
D. heavy traffic
Question 3: It is mentioned in paragraph 3 that the public transportation systems in the US
are good in ________.
A. some states
B. all cities
C. large states
D. large cities

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Question 4: Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage?
A. Few college students in the US have their own cars.
B. Families in the US often have more than one car.
C. Most Americans prefer to drive their cars outside large cities.

D. The underground systems are popular in some major US cities.
Question 5: The phrase “at their own convenience” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to
________.
A. at the latest time and nearest place
B. at an appropriate time and place
C. at an early time and nearby place.
D. at the fastest time and nearest place
Question 6: Which of the following is true about transport in Britain?
A. Long-distance travel in Britain is only by road.
B. There are no regular flights between regional airports.
C. Trains are usually cheaper than long-distance coach services.
D. Heavier items and raw materials are often transported by train.
Question 7: According to the information in paragraph 5, long-distance travellers..in the, US
can choose from ________ mode(s) of transport.
A. four
B. two
C. one
D. three
Question 8: It is stated in the passage that the major problems of road transport in Britain and
the US are ________.
A. speeding and bad roads
B. accidents and pollution
C. traffic jams and pollution
D. drink-driving and traffic jams
Question 9: According to the passage, people in Britain refuse public transport because
________.
A. they like to share rides with neighbours B. they think it is not good enough.
C. they see no reason to use their cars less. D. petrol is relatively cheap in Britain
Question 10: The word “they” in the last sentence of the passage can best be replaced by
________.

A. the government B. major cities
C. Americans
D. neighbours
ĐÁP ÁN
1. C

2. D

3. D

4. A

5. B

6. D

7. D

8. C

9. B

10. C

GIẢI THÍCH CHI TIẾT
Question 1: Đáp án C.
Keywords: Britain, the US, most
Clue: “Most journeys in Britain and the US are made by road?’ (Hầu hết những chuyến đi ở
Anh và Mỹ đều bằng đường bộ)
Như vậy hầu hết mọi người ở Anh và Mỹ đều đi lại bằng đường bộ.

→ C. road
Question 2: Đáp án D.
Keywords: in London, may prefer, the Underground
Clue: “People living in urban areas may use buses, trains or, in London, the Underground, to
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get to city centres, mainly because traffic is often heavy and it is difficult to find anywhere to
park a car” (Người dân sống ở các khu vực thành thị có thể sử dụng xe buýt, tàu hỏa, hoặc tại
London, đường điện ngầm, để đến trung tâm thành phố, chủ yếu do nhiều xe cộ lưư thông và
khó có thể tìm chỗ đậu xe)
Vì vậy người dân London có thể thích tàu điện ngầm hơn là dùng xe của họ vì giao thông tắc
nghẽn.
→ D. heavy traffic
Question 3: Đáp án D.
Keywords: paragraph 3, public transportation systems, in US, good
Clue: “In the US large cities have good public transportation systems” (Ở Mỹ, những thành
phố lớn có hệ thống giao thông công cộng rất tốt)
D. large cities
Question 4: Đáp án A.
Clue: “Many college and even high-school students have their own cars” (Nhiều sinh viên đại
học thậm chí học sinh phổ thông có xe riêng)
→ A. Few college students in the US have their own cars.
Question 5: Đáp án B.

at somebody's convenience: đúng lúc đúng chỗ
→B. at an appropriate time and place (đúng lúc đúng chỗ)
Question 6: Đáp án D.
Clue: “though heavier items and raw materials often go by rail”
rail (n): đường ray
→ D. Heavier items and raw materials are often transported by train. (Vật nặng và nguyên vật
liệu thường được vận chuyển bằng tàu hỏa)
Question 7: Đáp án D.
Keywords: paragraph 5, long-distance, in the US
Dẫn chúng ở đoạn văn số 5, có thể nhận thấy du khách đường dài có thể chọn đi bằng máy
bay, xe bus hoặc tàu hỏa.
→ D. three
Question 8: Đáp án C.
Keywords: major problems of road transport
Clue: “The main problems associated with road transport in both Britain and the US are
traffic congestion and pollution” (Những vấn đề chính liên quan đến vận tải đường bộ ở cả
Anh lẫn Mỹ là tình trạng tắc nghẽn giao thông và ô nhiễm)
→ C. traffic jams and pollution
Question 9: Đáp án B.
Keywords: refuse, public transport
Clue: “Most people say that public transport is simply not good enough” (Hầu hết mọi người
đều nói rằng giao thông công cộng vẫn chưa thực sự đủ tốt)
→ B. they think it is not good enough

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Question 10: Đáp án C.
Trong bài: “they” see no reason to use their car less. (Họ không thấy lí do gì để sử dụng xe
của họ ít đi cả)
Như vậy “they” ở đây thay thế cho danh từ số nhiều, có liên quan đến những câu trước đó. Ta
có thể thấy ngay “they” được nhắc đến chính là người Mỹ.
→ C. Americans
CẤU TRÚC – TỪ VỰNG QUAN TRỌNG
1. Traffic congestion (n): ùn tắc giao thông, tắc đường ~ traffic jams
2. Heavy traffic: nhiều xe cộ lưu thông.
3. Public transportation (n): phương tiện vận chuyển công cộng.
4. Link (v): liên kết, kết nối.
5. Restrict (v): làm hạn chế, giới hạn
6. Make something worse/better: làm điều gì đó trở nên tệ hơn/tốt hơn.
7. At somebody's convenience ~ at an appropriate time and place: đúng lúc đúng chỗ
EXERCISE 7: (D - 2012) []
Learning means acquiring knowledge or developing the ability to perform new behaviors.
It is common to think of learning as something that takes place in school, but much of human
learning occurs outside the classroom, and people continue to learn throughout their lives.
Even before they enter school, young children learn to walk, to talk, and to use their
hands to manipulate toys, food, and other objects. They use all of their senses to learn about
the sights, sounds, tastes, and smells in their environments. They learn how to interact with
their parents, siblings, friends, and other people important to their world. When they enter
school, children learn basic academic subjects such as reading, writing, and mathematics.
They also continue to learn a great deal outside the classroom. They learn which behaviors are
likely to be rewarded and which are likely to be punished. They learn social skills for
interacting with other children. After they finish school, people must learn to adapt to the
many major changes that affect their lives, such as getting married, raising children, and

finding and keeping a job.
Because learning continues throughout our lives and affects almost everything we do, the
study of learning is important in many different fields. Teachers need to understand the best
ways to educate children. Psychologists, social workers, criminologists, and other humanservice workers need to understand how certain experiences change people’s behaviors.
Employers, politicians, and advertisers make use of the principles of learning to influence the
behavior of workers, voters, and consumers.
Learning is closely related to memory, which is the storage of information in the brain.
Psychologists who study memory are interested in how the brain stores knowledge, where this
storage takes place, and how the brain later retrieves knowledge when we need it. In contrast,
psychologists who study learning are more interested in behavior and how behavior changes
as a result of a person’s experiences.
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