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creat clarerdon sfuei t, oxford,
Oxao.d UDjrersity
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depeLment oatne Univ.Eiiy
nrtncs $c Udve6jq,! objedirt old.tnm.c
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nnrdnoi4ii photo€opling
rcsNed. No part ofdris l!}li!:tior Eaybe rcpr.d!.!d, stoEd
in a FtieEl s]nci\ o! nansmitred, jr ary rnm or by rny neatu, without
the pno. pemissior in uitiry ofoldord Lr,iversil, ?r6s, or as eilrcsly
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by
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repr!8inlni.sliglGo*anizrtion Enqniries.on en lgrlrod!.tionouilidc
fte scotc ofur. abo'e slould be senr to the l,,T tighr Dcpmenr, Ol_ford
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Ercativ.
Desi8n
ll:nrg.!: M.iBriti
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Asso.iate Design Managc. Mi.htr.l stennroL.
haase Narassr: Tnsha Ma*dson
Art Editoi loe e*sdr
Mea+. Fric Amstrons
Electmnic lrddndion
tuodudioniii$: Eri;isairtos
trod!.tiotr
rsnN:
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BRd Ttrcr.c.
9?3o194.3oss7 l\roRx}.o(
P.irtcdilcliu
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1]ris bool is p.intcd on I)aI.r nonr certined and
Cd.a
tsilJr
MoIy
lllrft.tioE lr:
(
wrllrumg.d sontes
S.anlon
Barb Bas!i34
(cnn.rh Bxtelnan Bun\a, IlLrrtcL ieil Jeftey.
Javic.Jotrquin, liacey xni€lrr, Tony rkndazzo,
CIi.
]tcc.e. Heidi S.hmid r,
SKILLS
t€*oi.t 5-€
SOC1ALLZIN.G
LFES-|YIE!
'aARiEhs,
fleading rnd Wriliiti
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-..
.-.,
,..:,,,-. r..,: .. - -, -:, . ;r.;35;.37r39i41
FEEI.INGS
l€fsoni 21-24
25.-r8
POP l]U TTURE'
lRAVE(,':r.
r
Video
IN TH€]NEWS.
aomprehpn\;on
..
. . . ...
.- . , ... ,
75
t : Vocabulary
!-esson
Part
1
Wl ite the \\'oids from the box to complete each phrase.
1.
a rish
5.
opportunity to
2_
a changc
6.
x challerge
3.
7.
8
Part 2
Write the completed exprcssions tiom Part I to complete the col1\.ersatiolls. Use eacil eapressior oJlce.
You may ha\e to change the torms ofthe lvords. In class, practice the conversations with a partner
1.A:
B:
I hear that
Nlxtteo
ov€rcamean
obstacle
last\!eek.
Yeah. Hc has been r.antiuit to
acllng, but peoplc told hiln hc rLasn t
looking er1orgh. Instcad ofletting ttlal slop hnn, Nlalleo worked
people rrho told
2.
hin
o11
his hcial .*p.essjon!, and the
!..-.:
i.:-:
he l.asrit good lookiDg cnolrgh hired hin)!
A: Oh, thai reminds me. l{eDdy tells me tirat )-ou
during your
!a.aiio:
B: Yeah! I was olt r cruise and I ms rcallv sick. I had a hard tnDc enjoying m) \.ncatiorl
3.A: Co1lin tclls me
Thai! lbr
hc'.s
4.
A:
Lhar
st.re
t)romotion he w.rs cxpccting. He said it 1l'as onc ofthe
ever faced bcca$e hea been lr'orking toward the new position for t'\'o years.
su1c. He
diddt gcr
Lhe
I hear you are
B: Urell, Im going to move
.
ovelseas. 1t's onc
What are you going to do difcreni?
ofthe lnost cxciting lhings
5.-^.: Hi, Carlos.I hear that yolr
I \,'e ever done-
go back to college, and you graduated I?.:
I had no idea you lrcre studyirg and l,rorking rt the samc timcl Congratulationsl
B: Thar*s. In my company, we
it. It was hard, blrt ir turred out to
6.
be the best
A: I hear that you
B:
Thalt
ght- It was scary ai the time, but
tlring I've ever done.
a fery years ago, but
it tr.ned out to
itt
really payilg offnorr.
be $'orth the uncertainlv
:r---
'E:
L"!r**
Part
Reading & Writing
1
R.ad thc arricle belol!.
Have you ever had a setback turn into a
brq trieJl7 Trat\ u hrt happened to Fred
H.
Conrad Conrad
station waiting for the aoffect tralr, now late
and frlrstrated, he saw a wonderful sight.
is a
fhotoqtapher. One
worl aserqnmEnts.
Fr.st, hc had to take a portraitola chef,n
Llrnhettaf. And pottrarts requ re a lot ol
h.rvv equipnrent. Tlien hc had to rrr\,cl
to Drooklyn to photograph a .lincr. Both
places are in Newyork, so he gotaround
by tiking the subway. That,s when he
A.ross the platfonn fronr him, waiting
a train going in the other drrection, sa1
a man completely surrounded by b.rloons.
Conrad couldnt even see the man, only
dozcns olb, g ttly colored bal oof5.
Forlunately, he had ever),thing he needed to
dav, he hdd \evcr,r
had somc
b.d
ior
take a great photo. so he did.The photo u/as
so good dtat it v,,as pub ished jn the ruel1,
lbr* r,?er the very next day. Then thc l/,,,er
(overed the storyofthe pl.ture. il turned
or L tu bp the besr thtng rhat e\,.r I .rpr-,ct)td
ro lr m.0f.ourse fia inq thc LIFl.ision to
take t re picture had its cio,",/nside-Conrad
uck.Thc train he boarded
didn'i go to Brooklyf. l1e got as far as thc
t p oi l\4anhaftan belore he reaTized hj5
misrake.Then he had to
backto qeton
. o.l-t ,,,;r m.i,-'J,g !orqa. ot r..,l"dv,
photogrrph . equipment.
A5 he
5rr n the
mlssed his tra
irr
I
l.l.r1L the srrterlrerts T (true) or F (fatse).
1
Co
rad is a chet.
2. lou needllror. ell l)ln€nt lo maLe i phobsnphj. portmit
-.. (lorrad had ro trar-el hom lirooktyr lo l{:1rtija1ran.
-
He clra€cl up on the rirong sLibrar
5.
He hird to go
6.
He sar{ a n-Iafl
7. Ihe pi.turc
E<;
.l
bi.k
he
to aoother sratron.
dclileri gdozeDsofflo\\'ers.
tooktas published jn lhe I4hsrrlgt ,
8. Ile missed rh€ train hc was supposcd
lio-!r.
to ta1:c.
PAIR woRK I)iscuss rhc quesrbrs.
:.
:
Do stories lihc rhis onc oflcn get
i
rhe nc1!s?
\\ilri
or Ntrv nor?
llo voLr think pcople rrnt. Or"t. urun tu.ti
H?lt 1.or eler bcen ln thc righl pla.e afthc I ight rinle? Urhal
hapfenc.i?
Part z
',\-riLe an articlc about x storv).ou
kror! r.hen someoflc hail a bia brcak
Part 3
E]:.haogc )'our artjcle
\\ilh
a classuare_ Are
rher. an1 !imilaritirrs?
r_l
thxn
1,ort
do for orlrer liinas ol phoLos.
Part
1
Match the words on the left with rheir meanings on
rhe
ght.
a.
to change or be affected by sometling
b.
to give iiformation to someone
c- a pe6o \rho
sees
something happefi
d.
to
e.
to do or say somcthing because somelhing else first happened
f.
to not be arvake so you don t know what is happeniDg around 1ou
hurt somethiog
I
6r ,witness
Fart
2.,
.
r
.
Write the bold rvords from Part I to complcte the dialogue. You may hare to change the fonns ofthe
worils' In clas3, piactice the conversation with a partnc.
A: He1 did
you hear about thc man who $'as saved by n bear?
B: No. What happencd?
,d: He \ras out in ihe lroods \vhcn
.r
'r(,oi1'attacked
E:
Oh,
A:
Well, he
B:
Because he was
A:
Yeah, probably. I meaD, ihe wolfattacLcd
ro!
Sd
hnr. Before he cor d
(r)
the rLolf bii
Lir:;
r.hat did he do?
e1se.
lle
ust have
o)
(3)
liml
B: Poor go)l
A: An).rray a rvomau rras hiking
nex.b].- Shc
lo rhe nNns s.re,rDs for
Ielp
Il:
tr)
You mear she ran over to thc turn, cYCn though thc rvolf rvas ther
L:
Yeah. She said a big bear camc up ai the same time the wolfwas biting the man. The bear scared the
away and then walked away, as
if nothing had happencd
B: So the woman was a
e?
Noii
.
to ever)'thing? That's amazing.
(s)
Shet the one who
cr.er}1hing to the n€wspaper. She's aLnost as famous as the man
(6)
alier what happened.
Lessorn 2: Reading &Writing
Pa
rt
'l
Rcad the article beLol..
Did you evcr hear the story ofKitty Genovese? lt became famoLrs overnight. She was a young
city NewYorkCity. Onc night slte v,/as attacked. Accordingto the story
18 peoplc heard her screaming, tlut no one tesponcied and no one tepoftid it to the
nolice.
v,.,oman who lived in a big
This tcrrible incident lcd psychologGts to nudy the"bystander effect." Bystafders l,,ritness events,
are not involved-They stand bywhile something happens. So why don,t people he pl
butthey
Psycholog sts Wdnted to lcarn more about v/hy pcople declde to help or why theyjust watrlt and do
nothing.They have learned thatthere -re a number offa(tors detcrmining whether we will help or not.
Flrst, is lt an emergency? People are more llkely to react ln a helpfullvay [,hen the situation
is life threatenifg. Second, how many people are around? Th€ more people there are, the less
responslbllity ea(h pe6on has- lfa bystander i5 alone, hc or she is more likely to help than if
50mething happens in a crowd.d place. Third, r"rhere doer it happen? peoplc are less likely ro
he p in clties and more Iikely to help in sma I to,,vn5 where pcople probably kno!,/ ea.h otiter. And
in.lrarealedfactor:howconnectedorsinilar drerrepFof,ie
p:rson in danger
is somehow like them, they are
nvo veLIl lf witnfs5e! feel that ihe
mrch more llke y to take action.
a.rrplcte the sentcnces 1{iill wjrds from the articlc.
1. KilLr Geirolesc
\Las atta.Lcd
in
peoplt hcard tle arLack
I ii ltan.iers ar€ teoPlc \!,ho
e!e.ls bul are not in\.ol!ed.
- feopLe ar c morc likery to ltclp r1&en thr situation
-Ir more people rr'ho ititness an iilcid.nt, the lcss
ce.h ferson hxs to do somethirig
: :!-, nandcrs arc nore iiLcly to he\, ir
tlun n1
ri
$
:
1\itncss is sinrilar to a pcrson
jn trouble,lhen he or
she is more likel,v to
eeta wonX liscuss the qlrcslioN.
\\-iral incidents do 1.ou know about l\.hcrc bystanders did not help?
\\'hat do ).ou thiflk are tilc mosr important reasons r,hI pcoplc do not heb?
\\ hat most hflueDces you 1o takc xcrion to help suleone else?
Part 2
l-iink
abolrt an eveDt
::i:ded help. \\irite
ir
the ncws or in,vour p€rsonal expcrience rificn someonc did or did nol gel
a descriplion of\r,hat hatp.'r!ed.
Part 3
hr..hargc lour dcscriptiotls r\.ith
.r.i,thLrtg surpr;sirg?
a classmate.
\\rhar plrrls oi the story agree
rirh
the rcsearch? \Vas
on 3: Vocabulary
Part 'l
Match the $'ords on the lelr witL their definitions or the :i:.-:.
1. arrogrnt
3. etiquette
rut,r' .r'rrir g n^,-ll..PlotJic, lo'-'l. in3.'r. 'ln.orec 'il. l.-::
4. ignore
d.
not polite
5. interrupt
c.
thc rutes xboot
6.
I
to look at someone or somcthing for a long thre. r'r1.n ::
g.
believtug 1rcu are bctter than other P€oPle
b.
to malte food smaller .is you eat
2. chelr
8.
D.
leave
sttrre
\tlat
-
is good and bad behalior
i:: :-::::
it
Fart 2
Use the
1.
me r.hen
I lt.Ll. it lrhcn pcoplc
2. i
3.
bold i,ords fro1n Part I to conlflcte each sentcn.c. You ma]
cadt stand li rvhen people preterd ljkc I'n1
It bug5
4. It
rr1e
wh.r
Ih
ha1'e
lo chrlgc t1!. r.'r:::i . : :r .
speaking.
rot e\,dr lhere, just
dirly dishcs in the sink.
people
with their mouihs open
gers on tny ne1\.es r,Jren people
s.
It bugs me thai he is air.a,vs so
6.
I cadt slard it rlhi]r mI sister
7.
Hc is so
just
.
H.
at nle blankl)' rather thell .rrN1r.rj
allr.al's lhinks he's riglrt anii e,,erl'one else is l'rong-
i,: .
Th:i:.
8.
N{ost peo}re dorit har'-e good rnanners anymore. They ail nced to go to
Part 3
urhat things bofier |ou? Use the t'old rvords fronr Part 1 to rank them fron 1 Grost anDoying) to S
(least anno).ing).In class, compare,1.our ideas in s allgroups.Synpathize1!ithIourPalrntl\r.tiI-1
talk about Uhat bothers thcm.
t.
5.
6.
3.
7.
4_
8.
-:
Part
'!
lieed the blog belori:
Pete's Pet Peeves
Servi(e these days
,", ut Froronyi.o.
l,'".
tr,i -d llr'l. ...,p,d\6.wo.l
ominool"rr ., i r ro , .r o. r. .on d . :, ie
oL,dredll. L6p.Ir.t,4 l,1Jgooo.^., ". *.,-, *"
rra n employe€s llerc ar€ m/ suqqesr
otrr:
t.
Remembei the customer. lcan,l stand il whcn Iarn in a store
or a
"nd.ha,l.rl o. \e|vet ignore5n!. ,o ILrdD,.onorl .h6p.o..r.
r.5ldL..
\.r. bu b.r,'tlre,pdr-only"t.v.c,.r_.... u,.,.d .oT",..r.),r.c
your
2.
conversations with ao workers until your break.
Be
(ourteous. Another lhing that gets on my nerves i5 poor
etiquette. A
customcr service representative should not bc eatinq, driflklng,
o;chewing
!um when talkln! to me. He or she should gr€et me respectijly, and thaik
3.
me for nry busincss- Some servj.e profersio;als tlrink it
L okay io be rLrdc.
Know yorrr stuff. Evcn ifyou worl( jn n coffee shop, ycu need to
be
nlornred_ \bu should know \/hai the business seiIs, vihether
I -r
it
is .offue
.or\.o....bJg., e^i."J.r.\ , erv.r,o.. ind
o"r" - ". J . l or, .lr^ r a,,Lr.dIao.h^l: r,o.o",. ,n Io 1."i, a
r'oo.r wl .rtlel,vo tl .i rdniarlLl.. d.rFt .,"1..w "nE.d-itr.)
l.
oncc
and Kenynn coflee. Please do me the coultesy of ansv,/erinq my questions.
". riie Lhc
uuubcr .rirhe suglesriorl aftcr each derajl
rlle difhrcrL.e betl{eerr collee bcans
I rh.r i|g gum_: l.::nibrmcd
.irversations r,ith co .r.ori(ers
ts
sxl lharlr lou
thr .ustolner corlcs lirst
7.
answer
_
qoes rns
8. poo. etiquette
pxa wonx ptscuss rHE
euEsrroNs.
: \\'Li.h sltggesrion do ).ou think is rhc most irnporrant?
\\,h),?
I \\'hat .an )ou lell about the wr;rer fro his suggesrions?
r. \,-l.tlrnJ olproblerns har.e youhrd jthleoplcin (he scfl.ice j
I b(. ..r b.- oid..
dustn.? Ho(, do \.ou thinL lhe
Part 2
\',lit.
about onc of)-oLrr
ircl pccves 1\,j(h serr.icc pcople.
Girr s!ggesrio
s.
Part 3
E\.haL1gc r.our l\,rlting \\,irh o classmale. Did
).o,, n rire ebo!t the sarne
hat is diftare.r?
\
prol)ie-.? Urhar is si,,itar and
Lesson 4:Vocabulary
Part
1
rvords in thc box'
UDscramble the words belolv to match the correct
1.
suFp
2.
fonro.tn
3. cpselt
4. utp pu jht1{
5.
6. angh otu
iwht
7. waradwit
Part 2
\{ritc tI c vords frorn
tI
Par
You
yorll offil a'trj'€ to comPlere tb e cotrvcrsalions
a Partue'
\f
ith
con'elsarions
the
i,."p"" r. r" a"'s, Pracrice
#;;;;;;;;;i;k,,..a'
1.
er-ha1€
aDd
.Lbort
\irg
A: tr4y triend
r1le.
eL
't(rtrs lo stof'
\\_h€n
her? N{avbe vou cor. d talk to her sometime
B: Have yor thoughl abou
two ofyou.
Hm,I'm not really
Ir re\
sure that $'ould
ard likcs to be in
l!'ork shct real\'
B:
'l hait not x bad idea. Tb;inks.
2.
A: I dont
know
hat to d(:'.I told
ay frieud abig
Yeah, it was. And a{ter that
te1]
sccret' bulshe told Neryone'
the nerit timc You salY her.
B: h must hal'e been really
B: Did you ever
I really
her? You might
-. -. ' -.-
her lor betlaying me
wait to ihir* about txlkiug to her about it'
isni
I cant talk with her about it dght Dow because she
B: Well, lhen you
nfghi l\'an! to corNidel
That's $.orlh thinking abott. Thxnks'
3.
your si.ter. Shei to contlollmg
A: I dont knov how yo
B: I koow, but I dodt kro\\'whxr to do'
about it
Yoo might wartt to consider telking $'ith her
gel cven \\'orse!
B: Do you really thinli thai's a good idea? She mighi
Yourc right. well, another idea is
B: That might lYork.
I'll
io
give
it a lry.
i:s'-:<
.o::':
=:
Part
I
i.:;,1 the lettcrs bclo$,.
Dear Smartypants,
Dear Discouraged,
I have just about had itwith one ofmy
furellds;
let! call her Oueen Bee. I have knovrn
Bee since !,/e were
little giris. When we got
school, she began to changF Shc
biaame very popula bccause she is Drett\
end outgoing. Hovr'evel I am not as succe;sfltl
so(ially. feelawkward in large groups of
peop e Be.ause ofthis, Bee doesn't hang out
t. th me as much as she Used to. She spends
nrostofhertimewith the othcr coolkids_ She
used to be really nice, but now she is unl(ind
lo the less popular klds, and that sometimes
in.ludes me. ld I ke to talk to her about our
friendshlp, but I don't want to be puthy. l,m
iiartinq to resent her
t! h ql
Dis@urdged
Friendshlps .an change over time. h is
not ufcommon for people to fird new social
.ircles when they movc on to high school
or col ege, or cven whe| they are out in the
p'o'-. ()1"'$o J -o. t,i^no.l.
unkind,justtell herhowyoufeel. Herreactio|
(an show you a lot aboLtr vr'hat kind of Friend
she is. lf shc taker your concerns seriously and
nlakes morc oF an eflort, !hE may be a fricnd
to keep. Howevct you don't lraveto put up
v/lth Beejust becauseyou [/erefricnds ong
ago. lf shr rea.ts negatively, you might y/ant to
consider finding sonre better friends.
Sfianypants
-r.:i
1i
er dre ,lueslions.
io
is Discouraged
h!\ing a problc \!iLh?
l. r
.,.....il-r.
- Lr L lee fofrrIir?
.' ho does Bcc spend rure rflth?
;.rr:
.
E
has llee charged?
,. Lai docs Snlxrtl?ants suggest?
i\-hrt should Discouragcd do ifBcc reacts negatir.cll?
Petn
:.
:.
:
wonx D;scuss ttre
questions.
Do )'ou ihink the \Li-i!er describes a comnloD problem? Urh,v or
\\-hi.l) girl11'ould you rather be filends nirh? Urh).?
Hal- 1ou
er-er had x
\\tI
not?
sinilar probtem wuh a friendi \\,har happ.ned?
Part 2
rrt.
x 1c11er al)ou1 a problcm you har€ had 1\,ith a
f. o la. rl
pcople involved must work at it. You say you
don't want to be pushy, but have you trled
confronting Bee? You don't have to be angry or
fricnJ. Ask jirr s!Bgcstiorls.
Par'.3
Er:.hange ]c[ers \{iLh a classnaie. \\rr]le a respollic nn,1 n]ake suge.slions.
Lessons X -4: Video Cloze
\\r:rtch flie Nelr Itoor,?,r.7rc aud
fiil in
rhe blanlis.
Nlaria: Hi...Kare, right? l'nl N1.rrli.
Krte:
I(atc:
l\.as
Nice to nleet,-ou in persoll.
X{aria: Comc or in...take
Katc: \\ror., this
Urell, lik€ I said,
prctt) messl Ard
IiD realty rear, and
she rvas
noisy
i.ou
she
klroi,
T\r and taiking orr
,,f ie d o\."..1, lr..
she ryas ahva)'s $'atchlng
a look around.
place is reallynicet Big, and
light...
.''cp'oI 'dl-rrin;
and so neatl
Mar:a:
Katc:
Yeah,
Maria:
Im ldnd ofa neitnik.
Iiatei No.lvlathappencd?
Nlaria: ,{pparenlly,
Really?
Kate: Yeah,I
' '
so mess)
their sluffall over thc place, or
),'ou kno\{,leaye
dirt,
dishes irl thc snrk.
Ivlaria: l Lat'.s Breafio h.art
yoLL rnllhing to drmh?
l(at*
So, ha\-e a scat. C.ln
I tet
o -..
o,
lr n,^ot g... 6\.
rn.]c..
Maria: Oh, for a couple ofweeks or so.lve ralked to
about five pcopte, bur no o.e has seerDed quite righr.
So, nr 1.our
proilc you s-.rnl )olire rer\. ro rh..itr, righr?
Kate; \eah, i lost iiy iob tr fel\, .lorlths ago. I could'it
I'nd .r otherjol) ,rear lllerr I h,ed, so I
in a differenl ciil- At first I lras
1)
pretty lrpset rbout losing
'a.or .ol
Jny
r' l,i"!e,.\
tomaD had asked trer
llut the r.oman
Katei lihat
i[arir:
nry
a
slted her roonlmate.
nighrnarel
Yeih,I
_
I'm ]u.h...
oll roorurate
was 11.ond.rtul. The
job, but fien
rt,.ti.,\F
alrla,vs late.
iGtc:
I
el11,a).s
f..eo
bur il
when pcople ar. Ie:.:
tr,v to bc
o
rime. A lor oftirnes I
Ilrria:
So.
l,ihcn .an
it sounds like
)-oL1Drove
1l.e'rc the
Okar', so
Tolrl: What
'lbn,
happened?
.
nnd...well, jLrst take a look at lhis.
Iiate:
trIaria:
Yeahl Krte sald she $.as
goiJrg lo
dol
Yeah.
i hope
)ou livc lvith
roommates before, or,l-our parelts, or...
so. So, did
Itate: l'eah, I live.l r.ith I .ouple ofroommates. I
a1,rng grcat
she
$'ith one ofthem- BLlr rhe oiher...11.e]l...
r,rs basically
a nicc person, but 1re 11,cre
Oh?
ln r4ra!
11,a1.?
got home, and Kates not here,
\\brv. Oh, no.
realll ncart \(hat arl i
Ur€ll, uh,
rlr.
ju"t1l-,
hc. ot,out it rvhen she gets tro,re.
direct approach. lbL, kno*,
jmr really
^Iaria:
I nlean,
dlfferent.
Maria:
To[r:
Tom:
gor
fedeci irlrii:,:
ll-ater tha! dal....l
Mnria: WeU thatt grextl Iin stitl looking lor a job. t'rr
rot really sure whrr I (.art to do...
Maria:
::
111?
Maria: \,\tll I just
it our.
arri..
!laces cxr\., a.tuallr.
Ir{aria:
I
I
Oh,
tMned out to be the best ihi]rg that ever happcncd to nrc.
I'n1 srre ).ou'll ligurc
o.t\ thi..
tLilt
Oh,]lo thanls. I snrl)|ed lor coflee on rhc 1\,a).hcrc.
.o l,o./ro
the
roonnnatc to cl€an rp. She never did. The house go:
rvher people
lr)
\or
hear about the tvon1an r.ho sued her roommaic?
Oh, I knorv r,hat )-ou mean. I'nr rota[y rhe
Maria:
Oh, nol I can't srand mess,v peoplc. Did
1r)
I dodt kno$r.. Do you
shc just moved
in.Iil
not sure h#)shed
-.. it colrld be l,retty
Present perfect
I
have been to
Spain.
.
.
Jake has heard that siory before.
l,,1arta has had a tough time recently_
StatementYou have spoken to heraboutthe problem.
Quesiion: Have you spoken to heraboutthe problem?
Have yoLl spoken to hersin(e yesterday?
Since shows thatth€ time is stillongoing (not complete).
You have
Part
told
me this storybefore. (at some time in the past)
1
Compiete the sentences r.i!h ihc
lresent perfecr form of the verbs in parentheses_
I
l.
!.
=
i.
4
Creta isnt happ).. in fxd,
shc
hasconrptainea to ihc
-{: Bcrnard hes a newjob.
BrYes, he
A: Do you speak Spanish?
B: Yes- In fact,
sonc big changes rccentll: (rnake)
I
1: l'our fricnd kceps asking nre Ior nrorleyl
-{: \lheret
l don't
SpaDish lessons. (txke)
!:I
telliDg her to stop. (tr],)
B: We dodt kno\e. \\re
lamlc?
kno\^,
nranager a fe\v times. (comptain)
th"t srory. I
ir treiore.
him since ).esierda)'. (not/sce)
(hearneve,
Part 2
L:se the
prompts to lllakc present pedect questions.
1. rrcu
/ fialre a decision / about your roomnla|e Have you mraea aecision abauL:tau? roomfiai,e
L
Rachei I consider / lenring her
frield
,ames / speak
/ ro the manager
'1-
.{lisha / find /
a ne$. place ro live
5_
)-ou
6.
lou / trl / telhig Ana about
/ coDfront / your ncighbors
the problem
a
Adjective clauses
quiet, yelled at his neighbors yesterday.
Dani, who normally loves to hang out with us, canceled atthe last rninute.
iosh,who is so shy, decided he!,/anted lo be on a realityTV show.
Joe, who is usually very
The server who ignored us doesn't work here anymore.
The man who fell onto a subway track is going to be fine.
The neighbor who I confronted apologized.
Part
1
Ul.ire ND ifthe adjeciil.e ciarse is no)r-dcfinhg. urrlle ll il thc xdjcclil'c .lausc is defnins. Add
.on,nras ifrLe s--nLence contrirs:- non'deiil il adjective .lausc.
D
1.
The w-ornaD rvho
flirted on the sidervall
is OK.
2.
lamie rvho bas been silglc for years jltst got married.
3.
fhe guy \\,ho is sitting behind me is kickill8 my chxir.
4.
The kids rfho are in the ho)rl row are rnaking a lot ol
5.
Adalr 1\ho
6.
- 2
Part
has been ouL
ollyork for
loisc
weeks ilLsr got a ne\\'iob.
I'ly best fr ierd lvho lives in Oakland found
a diamond r'lng ll1 her
bacb'ari!
Use dre h'ords in parentheses to complete lhe sentenccs ('ith a non defiring adjcctive .lause o. a
delining adjective claut. Remeuber to use conmas with non defining clauses.
1.
The
gul
2. Claire
l.
*ho is alwavp]alr is coDing 1{i$ us. (He is always late.)
rold
J\
.ur.n D<..'re: (\1. i.
r' .e- ,n.im-.)
wants to hxng out with us tonight. (He never has an)'thing to do.
disrppeared- (She witnessed the accidenl)
4.
People
6. En)ma
get oD my nervcsl (They talk during a rnovie.)
terted her fricnd durhg lhe novie. (She is usuallyr-cr'; pol!r:-
Lesson 5: Vocabulary
Part
1
Match the 1'ords on the le1l with their meadngs oo the riglrt.
a.
used to talk about soureone
rho
had a special relaaionship to l.ou
blt
d4.snl an) more
2. ttirddy
lor"ll. aboura r,,r"on l-jTlhrL hrrnt b-.on-etrL.)et
ex-
b.
L"ed
4. formcr
c.
used to talk abolrt someone you've
t"."
d-
used to talk about someone who rnay havc a rclationship with you in th{:
3.
S. n
a
Iory time
future, but Yotl :1rcri certain
6. old
7.
hoI\.n
prospectivc
e.
an infonnal vord for friend
I
a person yoLr
g. ofa tine
krow but who isnt really
a
friend
belore now
Part 2
How often do ]ou talk io these ireople? Urrite the (.ords belorv in thc bcsl colllnn for yoLL In
compare )rcur ans\yers \yidr a partner.
T..ss
t
c1xss,
than once a dav
Part 3
Circle tlre corrcct rvorcls to complete the conversation. In class, pra.licc the convcrsation r';rth a paLtLrer.
I
A: I think
$.e ve
met bcfore.
B: Um, I doubt it. I jusr moved
here. Emma
ant
l
are just
(acqudi tances / old frieflds) . we mel last week and
(r)
she said this party
$ould be a good way to mect nerv peoplc. I'm Nancl-, by the rvay.
Nice to neet you, Nrncy. I'Il1
Nln (u-
lliro. I used
to li1,e
rert doot but I movcd
to thc othcr side oftoia'n last rveek.
/ former) neighLor huh? Do ),ou knorr mosl of ihe people here, rhen?
(2)
Yeah.
Lett
see. That SLty
in lhe pink shirt o\-er there is Emmat (prosrcctil,e /
f
ture) l)r.ther in l,ul
(3)
B: Otr, So she's getting married?
No, her sistcr's gefiing married ner.t
month
to Er.lrnis lexercisebuddy / oltl employer) . Emma aDd her sister
rvere at the gym, and that's how Marv and Shelly met.
(4)
Lesson 5: Reading & Writing
Part
1
Read the rrovie revier- belortr
Ih€ Hunger 6dmeJ was a best selling
ofbook. and itt been turned into a
best selling series of moviesaswell.The first
moviefollowsthe flrst book very closely.
Katniss lives in a society much like the United
States after a terrible warThc society is made
up ofdistricts, each ofwhich is responsible
fora certain industry. Her district is devoted
to mining and is very poor.To feed her sister
and mother, Katniss brlngs home animals she
kils t(ith her old hufting buddy, Gale. Every
year,each di5tri.tsends one boyand one girl
to the cnpital to particlpnte in a competition
in which rhey fight to thc death. When
Peeta. A former champion (Haymitch) Irom
their distri(t trains Katniss and Peeta. l(atniss
doesn'twant to getto kno\ / Peeta too well
because he is her prospe(tive enemy in the
Katniss! slster Primrose is sele.ied, Katniss
romance? Atthe end ofthe movle, vlewers
are left to wonder \,/ho might be Katni5sl
future love interest-Gale or Peeta?
series
volunteers to lnke her place.The selected
boy is an acquaintance of Katniss nanred
games.
lh" HLtro.t CaF"s tea .y,tdrt, Lo t.\e of ,
v",hen Katniss and Peeta get to the capital.
There, a team ofstylists helps package
them so they will attract sponsors who can
5upport them. Once the games begin, the
movie is full of iction scquences in which
Katni5s fnces danqcr, and then uses her
huntinq skills afd smirtr to stay alive.What
Match the person io the role
1.
Haynitch
A. lbrlner chanrl,ion, lrairer
L
2. Gxlc
mairl chari.ter, fcm:rle competil.'r
C- sisler
@
,1.
Primrose
5
Lahriss
D.
-.-
huntingbuddy
E. fornler acquainlance, male compcutor
eltn wonx orscuss rHE euEsnoNs.
1. Do yolr thirk you l\olrld like this nlovie? Urh)'or rdry noi?
2. Why do you think this movie is very popul:f?
3. lVhat kird of movies do vru like?
Part 2
trVrite your or.n revid^r ofa mol.ie, book, or relcl.isio shol\.. Dcscr ibe the chxra.ters ard the events.
tr{hel are the rclatioiships l)etl'\,ecn the characlers?
Part 3
Exchange papers with a ctassmate. Does the reviel\, make,vou want to see or read it? Why ol why not?
Part
\*ite
1
the h,ords from the box ro .on'rplcte the stor)..
goirgtoamovie.Itold
My friend called me the other day aod asked me if I was
he. that I $?s kind of
asking, but I Lept sayi
(L)
t l\.as realIy tircd. I also had
(r)
t\\o
tests the nent da)'. She kcpt
. Thcn shc said. "Come on.
gno,that1L?snt
Tak.
(3)
little nap and thcn let's to. It'll be fun to
decided to
a
a
movie togetherl l finally said OK and we
(1)
before ihe mo1ic. I haddt catcr nntthiDg all day so rve agreed
(s)
ihe nc$, pizza plnce next to the movie theater She sdd she was goins to
(6)
at 7:00 to
pjck
e up.
I had
fun
the movie, but I didr't get to studyl
\J)
Part 2
Re\crite the scntences us;ng the words in Part
l. I almost
2.
neyer rvant to go to the
l. Ir
class, cotnpare your arslvers 1fith a
gyrn. l'm rarely ifl the mood
t
Pe nel:
gaJelle-+vtL.
My favorite place to have I snack is ioe's-
3- I like to go to restaurants that fve never been to.
.1.
f usuallv so to a nrovie on the weekends.
5. I ncver go to my friend',s hoLlse yrithout callirg first.
6.
Im
:. l'
usually o&austed on Friday.
alnost
a1$'al s happy
lo eal oul.
Part 3
Fil in the exTressions from Part 1 to complgtc tlle conversation.
rhe rords Ir .lJs. p-ocrrtF,fi e, or,.
front of ereryone.
B: l'm noi sure
Iin
You may hare to change thc forrns
kamoke ionight? lU,\. friends nll said
(r)
. I had to
up for that. I'm really
it\
reali)r fun to sing
\fiite follr reports this
B: Sure. That sounds tun.
?
(3)
Thcres
a
in
$€ek.
\2)
l\reli, do you feel like
of
new Thai placc Ive been wtrnting to tr)'.
Fart
1
Read the e mails belolr.
eekend pla n s?
Subject: Weekend plans
Hey Grace,
lcan't believe howbusy L have been this summer.l've been working a lot ofhours, and l,ve ako taken a
couple of house-silting jobs. Usually by the timetheweekend rolls around,l,m so beatthat l,mjustnotup
for anyihing fun. lt takes too much energy. However,l decided thatthis weekend, l,m going to socialize.
Whalare you upto?Would you like to catch a movie orgetsomethingto eat on Saturclay? -Emily
I
Subject: Re:W^Pl pnd plan5
It3 good to hearfrom you. lwondered lvhat happened to you. ld loveto see you, but l'm not really in
the mood to go out. I found out I did not get into the program I applied for hn really disappointed. I
can apply aqain next sentester, bui right now l'm not feelinq hopeful. Allthat to say that l'm not in a
very rocialmood. However,lwould like to see you Do you wrnt tu swinq by on s:iutdiy afternoon? l
could make us sone dinner here or wc could watch a DVD. How does that sound? 6rd.e
Subject
Re: Re:Weekend plans
That sounds ni.e.l'm so sorry to he.r your news.l betyou'llget in next semester. And doing something
fun miqht take your mind off it. WoLr d you like to try the new Chinese restaurant? I could pick up som!
takeout on my way ovel -Elr/,
Write T (true) or F (fa1se) next to each sratenlenr.
1. Gmce ltas beerl reallybusy
lvith 1vo*.
4. Cmce did notget into a pr-ogram she
applied to.
2. Emily has been house-siting.
3.
@
cntn
l.
Imilyhas had a lot ofsocial aciivity
5. Grace sugg;sted they r.ntch a DVD.
recently.
6. -Emily$'anrs Chinese food.
wonrli".oss
the questions.
What reasons do Emily and Grace give for not socializing?
2. Are there iimes r,hen 1rcu dont feel like socializhg?
3. Wha! are yor in the mood ro do Lhis lveekend?
WheD?
Part 2
\\tite
an c-mail to a kiend abo r the rveekend. Suggesr acririties thai you are iD rhe mood
Part 3
Exchange your e-mails
ivith
a classmatc- Do ).ou
lrant to do lhe same things?
for
Part
1
Ulrscmn]ble the \,'ords bclorr to natch the corrcct words
1.
ir
the box.
6. itunosdsad
btbybu
1.
3.
3. eur.ofrgsrg
1_
9.
5
Part 2
Use the rl.ords
from thc l)ox in traft I to complcte each senteDce- In
sentences with a
c1ass,
take turns reading the
partrer
l.
llhenel'er yor have a part]., )our friend stands bl.hersell She is rca11y smart, but sllc is shy. She js
. On the othcr ha11d, you talklo ever)rcnc. You 1o\r ecling new people and talking.
2.
Hc has the highest grides in the dass, and he al1\,ays makes sure everyone knows it. He is rcallv
Lisa is
. Itls
h
d to go up ard 1ry lo talk to
,{t first, peopl€ thn* Andrea ls
kind and friendly
hcr
, lrui once they got to k]low her, they realize she's
li's so hard to Lnow x,hen he is lellirg tl)e trLrth ard r\.hen he is being
lfyou want to bc x movie
star, you can't bc
.
'.
Every time I sec her, shct happy and.hcertul.It makes mc
S.
People who are outgoing arc oftcn with others. They are
\ou hrve
to
1
clicvc in
yorrscll
Part 3
Use the n'ords from Part 1 to write the opposiles. 'Ihere may be rnore than one. In class, compare 1,our
ans(.ers $'ith a
pafirer
1. quiel:
2.
approachable:
3.
humlnc:
friend\,:
leally
[esson 7:,Readinq & Writi'ng
Part
1
Read the book excerpt belorY.
First ImPresslons
and resear'h
"You never have a second chance to make a fir9t impression"is an old saying'
or something is
suggests that it has some tIuth. The first impression we. have of someone
get new
veilipersistent or difficultto change. A recent study indicates that even when we
to think
it'
Wetend
to
discount
are
likely
we
inf;rmation that contladicts ourfirst impression,
was
impression
proofthat
ourfirst
the new information is specificto the situation ratherthan
think
you'
You
to
wrong. Forexample, maybe yoll meet someone who is not veryfriendly
is
the pirson is standoffis(.Then you see that same person in a differ€nt situation and she
you
might
bubtly and gtegarious- lnstead ofthinking thatyou had the wrong impression'
decide she had i!st heald some very good news.
to
How long does ittake to make a flrst implession? lt onlytakes a fra'tion of a second
only
fotm a first impression- ln one 5tud, participants who were shown a photograph for
person! chara'teristlcs as
1/10 of a second, formed the same lmpression of the pi'tured
ln anothcrstudy'
oftime'
amount
unlimltcd
did panicipanrs who sawthe photoforan
out
of
ten personaliiy traits ii
nine
ieseaicfrers founU tfrat participants could accurnielyiLldge
likablc' and secure
exiioveried'
ho\/
photo showed a naturatpose-These traits included
''. the
u p"rron *na.lttrrnr
outthatwe al€
abJe to take in
important informatlon in D veryshoft
amount ofrime.
Complete the seiten.cs with inlorrnatloD from thc text'
I
OLLr
2
.
irst inprcssiorN
or difficull to.hange.
are oiielr
ii is dre
When we gct idormxtion that ls vcry iliffer'I1i liom our firsl impressions' 1re ilsualh'tlfnk
rather lhan xn incollect ilnPressiorl'
!o forD] a
4. In
ore study, participants could
5. People can judge horv likable,
@
sec[Ie and
lirst imPression.
.judge most personality lraits.
others are from a photo.
cltnwonx li.."ss the quenions.
1. Does anything in the lexl surPrise )'ou? Ifso,lvhat?
2, $riat chamcteristics do you think yor can accltfately judge in someone you first meei?
3. \{4rer has so[reoue turrlcd out ro be quite different from what you origtually thoughl?
Part 2
to be it'orrect'
Writc about a li1ne when you had a first nnpressior ofsomcore that turned out
\\ihat did lou think at first? How didlou. imPrcssion changel
Part 3
Exchange papers
.tifferent?
f
or
ith a classmate. Did ,vou \Lrite aboui similar situatious? What is sirnll:r
i
'-::
Lesson S: Vocabulary
Part 'l
Use dle l,r'ords
ir
the box to cor4rlete each phrase. You can use the
not nceded, $'dle an
l.
keep
1_
parricipnte
\{,or.ls
ore
tlan once. If a word
is
)4.
\\.ith old frierds
social networking
ralls
3. post nressages
4. share lnrks
5.
6_
upload
photos
tag people
photos
Part 2
Hoiv oftcn do 1rcu do these activitjes? Writ€ the con-rpleied phrases from Pnrt
1
in the best column for
\iou. In class, compare )rcur answers with a pnrrne.
Lcss
tlnn
once a dav
Part 3
Compleie the corl.crsation wifi lhe completed phrascs from Part 1 ,nd your own ideas. In class,
Practice the conversalion with two classn1aLes.
A: I jusl dont
B:
see 1\,1ry everl-one
use Facebook. It's a great wny to
Inrs.r.il .:nb, rrr I'u,i-_u I olfor r..lt ,1.c..lor ol l:rnF lJ rrrl '
to keep in touch
G
doesft
('ith
12)
otd frien{ls-
But ifyou don't llse Faceboolt, horv do
I
(3)
B: I
guess
(r)
itt jusr not reall), my thillq.
1rcu see alt
your fricnds' pictures? And hor., do you
Tl,-ri l,o$ I he.r
aboLl all .l
. i,c't \';deo'
I
Part
I
Read the rotice belol,.
.
i
,:i
Facebook Addiction
lrcebook-ihen"@
billionuser,.llitwe.a(oun-r).ilwoLrldbelhelhirdmo.tpopulou.,ounlryinth.
in.orned.
E:l
.
€'l
.
i
//ooo[u,arrupddr"Lh"r, kl
HJ
22go,ommanr L]
ddy.
ffi1 :
What
used
to
be
wayto
has
a
check in wirh frjends
become an addiction forsome
]I
ffi '
i ai users. British researchers found that a lot of people get very anxious because oftheir
H:
li: Facebook use.The key factoris being able to find balla nce. lf you .lust donl get why
H:
. people like a.ebool ,omuLh /oun-dyni\"a,/eryhedlt.lya.r;rude.ltyourl.,nlyou ill
niohL bn ..
dn ,e, lr q,r". ,io F bDlo,!. A loi ol vp ,n(\,!pr, r -y ino;."tr o
I
' proohr. "ddr(
"I
rlt 1. DoyouthinkaboutFa.ebookalot?
Fj.
ii2. Doyou use Facebook to fo rget about personalproblems?
: i 3. Have you tried unsu((esrfully to decrease the tirne you spend oh Ficebook?
I ! 4. Do you feel anxious ifyou cant use Facebook?
I ' 5. Do you use it so much that it has a negative efFect on work or school?
world. Why i, it so populdr? Ppople J(e i. to laap up w;rh friend\ dnd \iay
lheyenjoy.l.d,nglnls Ind rplodd ng phoLo(. I vpry day
tldtuse\. A oua ro/ of us"r( pos. rommert. on lh-ir fripnds wd l . and
on phoio\ pvetv
I
I
I
\Alrite'I (true) or F (false) rer.t to cach staternent.
1.
Abolrt ler rriilljoD people usc Facebook
2. Most people commeri on other people's posts
3.
Alnost
a
rluarler ollrsers conlmenl on pholos every dar
4. Fa.ebook Ltse$
5. One sign
@
daill
ha\.c
ote
uxiety thar
non-users.
ofa Faceboolt problen is ifyou have dilficulty cutting dorvn on your
use.
eltn wonx U."oss the qucstions.
l.
2.
Do you use social networl$ lii.e lxcebook? Holr4
Whai ldnds ofprobtems can people havc l\,her they use social
benefils or problems?
3. lvhy
do you
fiink
retllork? Are
there morc
people havc more anxieLy whcn they use social nerworks?
Part 2
Thirk abort either
d.. nLrrr3 ,.
rhe b€netlts or the
prohleN associated u,ilh social Detrvorks. Wriie
a pamgraph
'
Part 3
Share your paragraph with a.lassmxte. U4rat things were similar? Which wcre diffcrcnt?
\\'atch lom and Kare and fi1l in the bl:rnks.
Tom: He1
A1ex. My
frierd A.lllra just opened
and is havn€ a little gettogcther iireIe-
a cafe
HuLl?
o.
-
,
yor froln work. wlur do
ma1-be I know
_
.
IIow
aboul joiningme?
Alex
S
Tom: I worli for an advertislng firm.
Oh,Inl
Kate: Oh, really? That's so cooll
go out
0)
tonight. I drink I'lljust stay in and read or
(r2l
Tom: Well, Icl alwap
something.
and looking at aris.
Tom: Are )-ou sure?
1
Iiate:
rvhy 1ou d
r,ani to stay home all alone.
AIer.
lo.l.ed \r.atching coDlmercixts
nc... Im kind ofa
Come on, )*ou knorv
Really? Me tool
I used io record
al1
my
favorite col]lnlcrcixlsl
Tom: No way...you kno$,, l'm stan-ing
gettiirS
0,
a
bitc
(31
Tom: Gi\€ mc a brcak, AIex. You'rc no homcbody
Ilt ,{llln,
You don t
Kate: Su.e, great idee.l
rhat
kxld
(4)
(l4l
really like her, right?
AIex Oh...well...shet
everythins...but
dont krovr...
'Iom:
nT
Tom: Uh...r-ell...uh...wc could
snrart, and creatir,e, and
she
just sccms ldnd
of...l
ean.
Oh, ).cah, -?
I used to thinh rhrt too. Bri
then I realizcd that shesjust really
somclimes she can actually be kind ()1'swcet
-{ex:
I shol dgel to linolv her be
not tonight...I'm pretq\r
N4aybe
Tom:
Okay. \{e11,
,
strabu?
kcre: Oh r""U
rfyou
change your mind.
l
r.11lr,.
ll
n, r r.
,llyrl
toolrrgr l ^.r ron. J r r! r..
'rbnt: Oh, lhatt no problem, Im
u,hat kind offood do
ltute: Ure[, this night
yoLL
r
rJr,.
up for ar),rhnrg...
liltci
seem ldnd of boring,
bul
Torrl
Yourc kiddingl Pasia is just about all I eatl
Katq
l^iait a minute.
now.I kno\\. r4ry ),ou Lo ok
lamiliar Arerit 1ou Eric Martinoi old
..
roommate? The ol1e 1{.ho eats
!.{t the coffee shop. . l
abo
r.hat I rexlly Iove riost is IJasla.
er- BLrl
16)
go for shabu-
rothingbut
:
pasta?
Kate: Excuse mc, but
Tom: Yelh, t am. But how did you knou.
Ha1.e
Tom: Uh,
Kate:
Ih
\{re11,
knot
Iots ofDictures
'
lr5)
Anna?
Oh, ivelc
you on lacebook...and he
\{e grew up
00)
together IIo\{. about )rcu?
Kate Anna!
wc-
Kate: I{et my brothert best fricnd. Hci
not sure.
horv do you
that?
my excrcise
run togethe! and soDelimes we play teflnis.
a1w-ays
of
used lo
conplain lhat a11yoo fl.cr cookedwas pasta.
Tom: Wow
smalL
worldl
Kate: Hey,lct's tcxt him a picturc ofihe t\vo ofus.
ThaCIl surprise
hin!
Grammar A
Adjective clauses Il
.ldu\.,:
Non dellning
"dja-tivF
Ana,who I thought looked familiar, was myclassmate in colleqe.
Leo, whose appetite is huge, ordpred lwo piz7 t..
The movie, which was really funny, was the best part ofthe eveninq.
Note: Always use who with people and lvh,ah with things in non-defining adjective clauses.
l4lho(p shows pos5psrio.t in non-detining ,ro,ecli\ e Lldu .p(.
Defining adje.rivc clduse5:
The neighborwho always has barbecuel stopped by.
The movie that had the robots wdr (ool.
The woiilan who always wahts to talkabout her kids is overthere.
Note:You can use iyho or thdtfor paople in deflning adjective clauses.
Usetheunderlincdthrr.estorompletethescDtences'lrhnor-de{iningadjecrivqclausesordefirfng
.rdlectr\ e clauses. RenreDbcr to osc .r mis where necessary and the corre.t rclative prollour
1.
she seems sh,v: Ana -
2. I recosnized
utoseeoaol:-
her: The wonan
3.
he is a great photog.nphe!: Rob
4.
his
5.
he Iooks falnilinr:I'he man
apartlElljtOe$
6. jt has great
t[]l
ne lbm
p-iz4: Brrno's Cafd
7.
Aaron doesnt like this: The rhhg
8.
he is a very
9.
her brother is m)' ex
10.
it is playinglOwntown: The movie
tI
it was a lot of fun: The party
.
12. he is
p!igq!c!9Mjt: Alex
sittilg next
bofriend: Lisa
ro Tolio: 'Ihe guy
is actualy 1,ery frien.lly.
is Jake's
\ister
just uploaded some new photos,
is
rn
o1d college
buddy.
is n fornler co wor*er.
doscd tolightis getting tagged
ir
photos.
doesn't Ii lte F.:rcebook.
is my new neighbor.
didr,t get good reviews.
lasted uotil midnighi.
looks like my old
bofriend-