Crisis intervention strategies chapter 1
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Chapter 1 – Approaching Crisis Intervention
CRISIS DEFINITION
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Crisis
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A perception or experiencing of
an event or situations
as an intolerable difficulty
that exceeds the person’s
current resources and coping mechanisms.
WITHOUT RELIEF CAN CAUSE….
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severe affective,
behavioral, and
cognitive malfunctioning
CHARACTERISTICS OF CRISIS
1. Danger and/or Opportunity
• Danger – causing one to be overwhelmed
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Serious pathology
Opportunity – induces one to seek help
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Intervention
THREE WAYS TO REACT
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2.
3.
Cope and develop strength
Survive, block, and remain haunted
Break down
CHARACTERISTICS OF CRISIS
2. Complex and difficult to understand
• Compounding problems
• Environmental problems
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Individual, Family
Institutions
Neighborhood, community
Geographical, national
CHARACTERISTICS OF CRISIS
3. Seeds of Growth and Change
• Threshold for change
CHARACTERISTICS OF CRISIS
4. No Quick Fixes
• Brief therapy can help, but may be temporary
• Quick fixes can “mask” the pain
CHARACTERISTICS OF CRISIS
5. Forces choice and decision
• To do something (positive)
• Or not (negative)
CHARACTERISTICS OF CRISIS
6. Universality and Idiosyncrasy
• No one is immune…
• But everyone deals with crisis in their own
way
TRANSCRISIS STATES
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Crisis is usually time limited,
but may become a series of recurring
moments.
May last a life time.
Triggers can occur
Roller coaster
Unfinished business
Defensive repression (requiring intervention)
TRANSCRISIS
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May not have anything to
do with PTSD
Many personality or anxiety
disorders can represent
transcrisis states
Trauma, personality,
substance abuse,
psychosis or stress
Because of chronic kinds of
thinking, feeling, and acting
“Normal” people, but
always “at risk”
POSTTRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER
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Identifiable anxiety disorder
Specific criteria for
diagnosis
Extremely traumatic event
Can cause transcrisis
states
TRANSCRISIS POINTS
Client with new developmental stage progression
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Disequlibrium
Occur frequently in transcrisis states
Within the therapeutic intervention
Not predictable
Not regular
Not linear
May cause additional crisis intervention
Can be benchmarks for growth
BASIC CRISIS INTERVENTION THEORY
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1940’s to 1960’s
Lindemann and Caplan
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Traumatic events
Situational or developmental
disequilibrium
brief therapy
equilibrium
Eliminating the distortions
working through
BASIC CRISIS THEORY
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Depends on intensity of
clients view of problem as
intolerable
Level of emotional
disequilibrium
BRIEF THERAPY
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Can be used as a crisis
intervention but….
Does not have to be crisisevent related
EXPANDED CRISIS THEORY
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Psychoanalytic Theory (unconscious/early fixations)
Systems Theory (inter-relational/interdependence)
Ecosystems Theory (environmental interrelatedness)
Adaptational Theory (maladaptive coping behaviors)
Interpersonal Theory (enhancing self-confidence)
Chaos Theory (disorganization yields organization)
Developmental Theory (unresolved life stages)
APPLIED CRISIS THEORY (4 DOMAINS)
1.
2.
3.
4.
Developmental Crises (normal flow of life)
Situational Crises (un-forcasted, random,
sudden, shocking)
Existential Crises (inner conflicts, life
anxieties)
Ecosystem Crises (natural or human-caused
disaster)
CRISIS INTERVENTION MODELS
Basis for many intervention strategies and
methodologies.
1. Equilibrium (control to loss of control)
2. Cognitive (faulty thinking and belief)
3. Psychosocial transition (heredity and
environmental learning)
4. Developmental-ecological (stages within the
system)
5. Contextual-ecological (proximity, meaning,
relationships, time)
ECLECTIC CRISIS INTERVENTION THEORY
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Selecting and integrating valid approaches
Not being bound to any one approach
Part skill and part intuition
CHARACTERISTICS OF
EFFECTIVE CRISIS WORKERS
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Life experiences (maturity vs. baggage)
Poise (remaining calm and stable)
Creativity and Flexibility (taking risks with
divergent thinking)
Energy and Resiliency (organized action and
able to bounce back)
Quick Mental Reflexes (time is critical)
CAN BE REWARDING
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Gratifying
Reinforcing
Looking beyond dilemmas to coping
techniques
