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REPORTED SPEECH
PART 1
TEACHER: VU THI MAI PHUONG
Definition
1. Direct speech
Ex:
- She said: “I have never been to Paris”
- He said to me: “I like your hair”
- He said to her: “I like your hair”
2. Indirect/ Reported speech
Ex:
- She said that she had never been to Paris.
- He said that he liked my hair.
- He told her that he liked her hair.
Câu trần thuật trong lời nói gián tiếp
• 3 quy tắc chung khi chuyển từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp
• Cách chuyển từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp đối với câu trần thuật cơ bản
• Một số trường hợp đặc biệt không lùi thì của động từ
Quy tắc chuyển trực tiếp sang gián tiếp
1. Thay đổi S, O, Possessive Adjectives.
Direct Speech
Reported Speech

Direct Speech

Chủ Ngữ (Subject)
I
We

You

Tân ngữ (Object)
He/ She
They
I/ We

Đại từ sở hữu (Possessive pronouns)
Mine
Ours
Yours

Reported Speech

His/ Hers
Theirs
Mine/ Ours

2. Thay đổi động từ
Modal
Direct Speech

Me
Us
You

Him/ Her
Them
Me/ Us


Tính từ sở hữu (Possessive adjectives)
My
Our
Your

His/ Her
Their
My/ Our

Reported Speech

Can

“I can do it”

He said he could do it.

May

“May I go out?”

He wanted to know if he might go out.

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Must


“She must apply for the job.”

will

“They will call you.”

He said that she must/ had to apply for the job”.
He told me that they would call her.

DIRECT SPEECH

REPORTED SPEECH

Simple Present
He said: “I am happy”

Simple Past
He said that he was happy

Present Progressive
He said: "I'm looking for my keys"

Past Progressive
He said that he was looking for his keys

Simple Past
He said: “I visited New York last year.”

Past Perfect Simple

He said that he had visited New York the previous year.

Present Perfect
He said: "I've lived here for a long time”

Past Perfect
He said that he had lived there for a long time

Past Perfect
He said: "They had finished the work when I
arrived"

Past Perfect
He said that they had finished the work when he had arrived.

Past Progressive
He said: "I was playing football when the accident
occurred"

Past Perfect Progressive
He said that he had been playing football when the accident
had occurred.

Present Perfect Progressive
He said: "I have been playing football for two
hours."

Past Perfect Progressive
He said that he had been playing football for two hours


Past Perfect Progressive
He said: "I had been reading a newspaper when
the light went off"

Past Perfect Progressive
He said that he had been reading a newspaper when the light
had gone off

Future Simple (will+verb)
He said: "I will open the door."

Conditional (would+verb)
He said that he would open the door.

Conditional I
He said to me: "I will help you if I am free"

He said that he would help me if he was free.

3. Thay đổi trạng từ chỉ thời gian và nơi chốn
Direct Speech

Reported Speech

Time Expressions
today

that day

Now


then

Yesterday

the day before, the previous day

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…. ago

…. before

Last week

the week before, the previous week

Next year

the following year, the next year

tomorrow

the next day, the following day
Place


here

there
Demonstratives

this

that

these

those

Ex:
“ I met her yesterday” he said
 He said that he had met her the day before.
“I‟ll do it tomorrow” He promised
 He promised that he would do it the following day
Các trường hợp không lùi thì động từ
1. Khi câu trực tiếp diễn tả một chân lý hay một hành động được lặp đi lặp lại thường xuyên theo
thói quen hiện tại.
Ex:
• My teacher said, “The Sun rises in the east”.
 My teacher said that the Sun rises in the east.
• She said, “I get up at 5 o‟clock every morning”.
 She said that she gets up at 5 o‟clock every morning.
2. Câu trực tiếp có dạng câu điều kiện loại
2 hoặc loại 3 → không lùi thì.
Ex:

She said to me “If I had enough money, I‟d buy a new bicycle”.
 She said to me that if she had enough money, she‟d buy a new bicycle.
3. Mệnh đề sau “Wish” → không lùi thì.
Ex: He said “I wish I had a lot of money”.
 He said he wished he had a lot of money.
4. Mệnh đề sau “ would rather/ would sooner”→ Không lùi thì.
 Ex: She said “I would rather you stayed at home”
 → She said to /told me that she would rather I stayed at home.
5. Không thay đổi thì của mệnh đề sau “It’s (high/ about) time”
Ex: She said; “It‟s about time you went to bed, children”
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 She told her children that it was time they went to bed.
6. Động từ trong câu nói trực tiếp có thời gian xác định
Ex:
He said, “I was born in 1980”
 He said that he was born in 1980.
7. Lời nói trực tiếp có các động từ tình thái “could, should, might, ought to, used to, had better” thì
không thay đổi.
Ex:
Tom said: “You had better not contact her”
 Tom said (that) I had better not contact her.
8. Nếu động từ dẫn ở hiện tại, chỉ cần thay đổi quy tắc 1 (đổi S, O, P.adj)
Ex: “I met her yesterday” He says.
 He says he met her yesterday.


Exercise
1. “I have never been to Korea before”, said Mary. (Mary said)
 Mary said that she had never been to Korea before.
2. “We go fishing with our parents everyday”, they said to me. (They told)
 They told me that they went fishing with their parents everyday.
3. “She was lost when she was looking for my house”, Ted said. (Ted said)
 Ted said that she had been lost when she had been looking for his house.
4. “I met him yesterday”, Alan said. (Alan said)
 Alan said that he had met him the day before/ the previous day.
5. “I will make the decision tomorrow”, Perry said to me. (Perry told)
 Perry told me that he would make the decision the following day.
6. “I think we should stay here”, said Jinny. (Jinny said)
 Jinny said that (she thought) they should stay there.
7. “If I am happy, I will go to the party with my friends tomorrow ”, said Kate. (Kate said)
 Kate said that if she was happy, she would go to the party with her friends the following day.
8. “I am going to buy this book next month”, Minh says to me. (Minh tells)
 Minh tells me that he is going to buy that book the following month.
9. “It is high time you did your homework, boys”, said the teacher. (The teacher told)
 The teacher told the boys that it was high time they did their homework.
10. “I was watching TV when the flame broke out two weeks ago”, the man said. (The man said)
 The man said that he had been watching TV when the flame had broken out two weeks before.
11. “If I were rich, I would not have to work this hard”, said Kent. (Kent said)
 Kent said that if he were rich, he would not have to work that hard.
12. “Water boils at 100°C”, said the girl. (The girl said)
 The girl said that water boils at 100°C.
13. “We got married in 1990”, my grandmother said to me.
(My grandmother told)
 My grandmother told me that they got married in 1990.
14. “You may find it difficult but I „d rather you didn‟t give up”, said my dad. (My dad told)
 My dad told me that I might find it difficult but he „d rather I didn‟t give up.

15. “You can stay here with me as long as you want”, said my friend Tom to me. (My friend)
 My friend Tom told me that I could stay there with him as long as I wanted.
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