The future

FUTURE TIME
A. PRESENT CONTINUOUS
I.
Form.
II.
Use: arrangements: We’re driving to Berlin this weekend.
Note:
- Things we want to do in the future but have not arranged are called “intentions”. We don’t use
the present continuous for intentions. We use “be going to” : “I’m becoming an explorer when I
grow up”.
- We don’t use the present continuous for predictions. We use “will” or ‘be going to”: Do you think
you’re enjoying your trip to Berlin next week”.
B. WILL
I.
Form.
Will + bare infinitive
Statement
negative
question
I/you/he/she/it/we/they + will (‘ll) I/you/he/she/it/we/they + will not
Will + I/you/he/she/it/we/they +
+ Verb
(won’t) + Verb
Verb
II. Use
Example
1. Facts about the future
The new airport will be the biggest in Europe.
2. Predictions

You’ll have a great time in the Bahamas.
3. Offers and requests
We’ll help you get ready for your birthday.
4. Decisions made now
I know! I’ll go to China this summer.
Note:
- With offers which are questions, we use “Shall” with “I” and “We”: Shall I drive you to the
airport?
- We don’t use “will” for arrangements : We’ll visit our grandma this weekend.
C. BE GOING TO
I. FORM : be going to + Verb
statement
negative
question
I am (‘m) going to travel….
I am (‘m) not going to travel….
Am I going to travel….?
He/she/it is (‘s)going to travel…
He/she/it is not (isn’t)going to
Is He/she/it going to travel…?
You/we/they are (‘re) going to
travel…
Are You/we/they going to travel..?
travel..
You/we/they are not (aren’t)
going to travel..
II. Use
Example
1. Intentions
I’m going to become an explorer when I grow up.

2. Predictions (often with
It’s going to rain, so take an umbrella.
evidence we can see)
3. Facts about the future.
The new airport is going to be the biggest in Europe.
D. PRESENT SIMPLE
I.
Form.
II.
Use: timetable: My plane leaves at six.
EXERCISE
Exercise 1. Complete the sentences with the most natural future form. More than one form may be
possible.
1. Your car’s still at the garage, it
ready by next Friday. (be)
2. What time
the overnight coach
from Manchester (depart)
3.
we
our paintings up on the walls? Is that a good idea? (put)
4. She
at least $50 a month for next year’s holiday. (save)
5. I’m afraid I can’t come to your party; I
my grandmother in hospital. (visit)
st
6.
you
to my 21 birthday party It’s just for a few friends. (come)
7. I

never
anything as silly as that again, I promise! (do)
8. The phone’s ringing. I
it. (answer)
Exercise 2. Match the two halves of the sentences. Use each item only once.
1. I don’t think Joseph
a. to apply for that post.
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2. The president and his party
b. I’ll never forget you.
3. She isn’t going
c. open the window for me, please?
4. There’s someone at the door;
d. give you a hand with that
5. I’m sure
e. will get the job this time.
6. Shall we
f. depart on Sundays?
7. Marion, will you
g. going to give up now.
8. Surely you aren’t
h. so don’t worry about me!
9. What time does the coach
i. you stay here, I’ll see who it is.

10. I won’t take any risks,
j. arrive in Washington at 9 p.m
Exercise 3. Make questions and statements about the future, using the words in brackets.
1. What
this weekend? (you/do)
2. How long
? (the journey from Paris to Brussels/take)
3. What
when you leave school? (you/do)
4.
with all that work? (I/help/you)
5. When
? (the Stuttgart train/leave)
6.
before we start the meeting? (I/shut the door)
7. Who
to the party on Saturday? (you/take)
8. Do you think
the match? (she/win)
9.
me? (you/marry)
10.
before we get the bill? (we/order some coffee)
11. Why
to the Canaries again this year? (you/not/go on holiday)
12. If there’s enough time,
him to explain? (you/ask)
13. It’s cold in here, isn’t it?
the window. (I/close)
14. Don’t worry!

you if you fall! (I/catch)
15. “Have you seen Flash?” “No, but
it this evening.” (I/see)
Exercise 4. Complete using “will” or “shall” and the verbs in the box. You may have to use some negative
forms.
be
come
find
have
lend
live
take
visit
1. This year, more than a million tourists
our local area.
2. I’m sure we
your bag soon. Where did you last see it?
3.
you
me some money until Saturday?
4. Everything on the menu looks delicious! Erm..I
Chicken Kiev, please.
5. I
you to the bus station, if you like.
6. One day, people
on Mars in special buildings.
7. No, there
any problems with delivering your new furniture next week.
8.
we

at six to help you get things ready for dinner?
Exercise 5. Complete using the correct form of “be going to” and the verbs in brackets. You may have to
use some negative forms.
1. When I grow up, I (play)
guitar in a rock group!
2. Rick and Mark (start)
going to the gym twice a week.
3.
Lauren
(tell)her mum about what happened?
4. I (look)
on the Internet for information about snowboarding.
5. No, Nadine (invite)
everyone from class – just her close friends.
6.
Harry
(be)ready on time or not?
7. Careful! You (break)
something with that ball! Go outside!
8. I (lie down)
for half an hour. Call me at six o’clock.
Exercise 6. Complete using the correct present simple form of the verbs in the box.
arrive
come
leave
take
“I’m so excited about my holiday! My plane (1.)
the airport here at nine o’clock and we
(2.)
in Paris two hours later. We then (3.)

the train from the airport
to the city. We’ll have a great week, and then we (4.)
back on the 17th . I can’t wait.”
Exercise 7. Circle the correct word or phrase.
1. Oscar says he is doing/will do the washing-up after dinner.
2. I’m a bit scared because I am seeing/will see the dentist this afternoon.
3. What are you going to do/do you do this evening?
4. Shall you tell/Will you tell Rupert I’m sorry about yesterday?
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5. My dad will grow/is going to grow a beard, but my mum doesn’t like the idea.
6. I have to revise tonight because we are having/will have an exam tomorrow.
7. I am remembering/will remember this day for the rest of my life!
8. Do you go/Are you going to Australia next Christmas?
9. I’m sure you are passing/will pass your driving test. Don’t worry.
10. If you want me to, I will complain/am going to complain to the manager about it.
Exercise 8. Choose the correct answer.
1. “Have you made plans for the summer?” “Yes,
to Spain.”
A. We’ll go
B. We’re going
C. We go
2. “We’ve moving house tomorrow.” “Really?
you with the furniture.”
A. I help

B. I’m helping
C. I’ll help
3. “Do you need this paintbrush?” “Ah, yes.
it to me, please?”
A. Do you pass
B. Will you pass
C. Are you passing
4. “What do you want to be when you grow up, Stevie?” “
a scientist. That’s what I want to do, anyway.”
A. I be
B. I’m going to be
C. I’m being
5. “John is a better player than Martin, isn’t he?” “Oh, yes.
the match tomorrow, I expect.”
A. He’ll win
B. He wins
C. He’s winning
6. “The weather has been terrible, hasn’t it?” “Yes, I think
again later.”
A. it’s going to rain
B. it’s raining
C. it rains
Exercise 9. If the word in bold in each sentence is correct, put a tick (√). If it is wrong, write the correct
word.
1. We first visited China on 2006.
2. My birthday is at the second of July.
3. Let’s meet on five o’clock, shall we?
4. School starts again in September.
5. There’s a party at Emily’s at Saturday.
6. What do you want to do on the morning?

7. Let’s go and see Grandma on Easter.
8. Where do you usually go in Christmas Day?
Exercise 10. Complete using “on, in, at”
1. There are lots of people
the restaurant.
2. The people who live
number 44 are away on holiday.
3. You should go to the Louvre when you’re
Paris.
4. Gorillas live
forests in Africa and eat fruit.
5. What does that sign
the wall say?
6. What did Ethan say
his letter?
7. Have you heard of the strange statues
Easter Island?
8. Do you really want to spend the whole day
the beach?
Exercise 11. Complete using the words in the box.
at
in
on
to
1. My aunt and uncle have decided to move
New Zealand.
2. Do you want to go
the theatre tomorrow?
3. We stayed
a great hotel in Dubai.

4. Wait
the end of the street and I’ll come and meet you.
5. You can come
my house for dinner, if you like.
6. Connor was walking
the corner shop when he realized he’d lost his wallet.
7. We drove all night and finally arrived
Lisbon at eight o’clock.
8. Did you leave your book
the teacher’s desk, so she can see it
9. Look at those sheep
that field over there.
10. It takes about six hours to fly
Asia from here.
Exercise 12. Circle the correct word.
1. I’m meeting Andy at/on the cinema in an hour.
2. Have you seen the new building at/in front of the school?
3. My new job starts in/on the first day of August.
4. We’re going to Martin’s to see their new baby in/on Wednesday evening.
5. See if there are any tomatoes at/in the fridge, will you?
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6. We’ll all have computers connected to our brains at/in the future.
7. I don’t feel like playing chess at/on the moment.
8. I think there’s someone at/in the door. I’ll go and check.

Exercise 13. Write one word in each gap.
JETLAG
When you travel (1.)
the other side of the world, jetlag is a real problem. You find yourself
awake (2.)
the middle of the night and you feel like going to bed (3.)
the morning, just
when everyone around you is getting up.
Jetlag happens when you go (4.)
a country where the time is very different. For example, you
might leave London (5.)
midday and fly (6.)
Los Angeles. The flight takes about
eleven hours, so when you arrive (7.)
Los Angeles airport, your body thinks you’re there (8.)
11 p.m. But Los Angeles is eight hours behind London, so you actually get there (9.)
3 p.m local time. So, (10.)
midnight Los Angeles time, your body (which still think it’s
(11.)
London) says it’s 8 am. It takes a few days for your body clock to change.
Exercise 14. Complete using the correct form of the verbs in the box.
book
cancel
catch
delay
pack
reach
1. They’ve
all today’s trains. How are we going to get home?
2. What’s the first thing you want to do when we

New York?
3. It’s cold in Moscow, so
some warm clothes.
4. You
the hotel room and I’ll go and buy the train tickets.
5. Our plane has been
by four hours.
6. If we’re quick, then maybe we can still
the bus.
Exercise 15. Match to make sentences.
1. As the plane took
a. away and come back again later.
2. The door is open, so you can get
b. back there the following year.
3. We were in a hurry and when we got
c. off, I held my mum’s hand tightly.
4. The man selling the tickets told us to go
d. off the bus and couldn’t walk properly.
5. It was raining when we set
e. off on our walk, but it soon stopped.
6. We loved the hotel so we went
f. in the car, if you like
7. Ray fell as he was getting
g. out on the right because it was safer.
8. The taxi driver asked us to get
h. on the bus, I realized I didn’t have a ticket.
Exercise 16. Complete using the correct form of the phrase verbs from exercise XV.
1. Before Darren
on his journey, he packed some boots and plenty of warm clothes.
2. Why don’t you

and think about what I’ve said to you?
3. We should
the train at the next station and then find a taxi.
4. The helicopter
and suddenly we were in the air!
5. There was a fire alarm and we all had to
of the hotel.
6. Without saying anything, the man
his car and drove up the road.
7. We ran to the train and
just before it started to move.
8. My parents
to the little Spanish town where they first met.
Exercise 17. Complete using the words in the box. Add any other words you need.
board
bus
coast
foot
holiday
schedule
1. When you go
, it always takes a few days to completely relax.
2. I hope our plane arrives
. I’m bored just sitting here, waiting.
3. If you come
, don’t forget to get off at the stop outside the bank.
4. Living
is great. I love walking on the beach every morning.
5. The cowboys got off their horses and went the rest of the way
.

6. Now we’re
the ship lets’ have a look around.
Exercise 18. Use the word given to form a word that fits in the gap in the same line.
GOING ABROAD
Up until the 1960s, not many British people had (1. fly)
abroad for their holidays.
Although the idea was (2. attract)
,flying was still too expensive for most people. The only
(3. choose)
people had was to go to British resorts. Instead of flying, families (4. drive)
to the British coast. Places like Blackpool and Brighton had millions of (5. visit)
every year. During the 60s and 70s, prices dropped and (6. travel)
began
to
visit places like Spain. At first, hotels were (7. comfort)
, but they slowly got better. These
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days, the (8.depart)
lounges at airports are full and people travel (9. back)
and forwards across the world for work and on holiday. Every summer, tourists go in all (10. direct)
in search of the perfect beach and the perfect resort.
Exercise 19. Write one word in each gap.
1. Sydney is famous
its harbor. You should also look

the Opera House
and the bridge while you’re there.
2. We arrived
the hotel and they provided us
a map of the area.
3. When you’re preparing
a holiday, pack clothes that are suitable
the
place where you’re going.
4. I prefer to be far
other people when I’m on holiday. I don’t like being close
crowds of tourists.
5. While we were waiting
our train, I asked someone
the delay.
6. Will was late
his appointment so he asked me
some money for a taxi.
Exercise 20. If a line is correct, put a tick (√). If there is an extra word in a line, write the word
Unseen London
1.
Of course, London is famous for that its attractions like Big Ben
2.
and the Tower of London. Millions of tourists look at these
3.
buildings every year – but not far distance from these places,
4.
there are other interesting sights. Next time you set off to visit
5.
London, why not plan to go to some of the places close in to the

6.
centre of the city that tourists rarely go to? Get into of a taxi and
7.
ask the driver to take you to Billingsgate fish market, for
8.
example. When you arrive there at the market, you’ll be amazed
9.
at the sights and sounds of real London. You can ask to the fish
10.
sellers about their work- and you don’t have to wait on for hours to get a ticket!
Exercise 21. Complete each second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence. Write between two and five words.
1. Did they give you a map of the area? (provide)
→Did they
a map of the area?
2. My intention is to travel to Malta by ferry. (going)
→I
travel to Malta by ferry.
3. I like staying by the sea when I’m on holiday. (coast)
→ I like staying
when I’m on holiday.
4. Be careful when you leave the bus. (off)
→Be careful when you
the bus.
5. The beach is close to the hotel, so we can walk there. (foot)
→We can
from the hotel to the beach because it’s close.
6. Why don’t you drive to Brighton this weekend? (car)
→ Why don’t you go to Brighton
this weekend?

7. We’re going to return to Bali again this summer. (back)
→We’re going to
Bali again this summer.
8. I like to watch the planes leaving the ground when I’m at the airport. (off)
→ I like to watch the planes
when I’m at the airport.
Exercise 22. Complete by changing the form of the word in bracket.
1. We thought of driving to Berlin, but in the end we
. (fly)
2. Could you ask the
to slow down a bit, please? (drive)
3. Experienced
will enjoy our hotel’s comfortable double rooms. (travel)
4. Paris is really
in the spring. Shall we go? (attract)
5. Let’s fly in business class – it’s much more
than the cheap seats! (comfort)
6. Please check the
time on your ticket carefully. (depart)
7. We looked at all the hotels and in the end we
the Majestic. (choose)
8. I think we went in the wrong
at the last turning and now we’re lost. (direct)
Exercise 23. Choose the correct answer
1. I
around the world one day.
A. travel
B. am going to travel
C. am traveling
D. traveled

2. Do you think Curtis
the car race tomorrow?
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A. will win
B. wins
C. is winning
D. won
3. What’s the weather like
Russia at the moment?
A. on
B. at
C. in
D. to
4. I can’t come to your party because I
my cousin that week.
A. visit
B. will visit
C. visited
D. am visiting
5. I think there’s a picture of the hotel
the first page.
A. on
B. at
C. in

D. to
6. We usually go away somewhere on holiday
New Year.
A. on
B. at
C. in
D. to
7. Watch out, or you
off the boat!
A. fall
B. are going to fall
C. are falling
D. fell
8. It’s my birthday
Friday, so we’re spending the weekend in London.
A. on
B. at
C. in
D. to
9. I got
the car, turned the key and realized I didn’t have any petrol!
A. into
B. off
C. onto
D. on
10. I hope our plane leaves on
.
A. timetable
B. plan
C. schedule

D. hour
11. My mum
the bus to work every morning, but Dad drives.
A. catches
B. does
C. runs
D. goes
12. We had a long way to go so we
off very early.
A. made
B. set
C. put
D. had
13. I prepared
my trip very carefully and I still forgot my toothbrush!
A. with
B. on
C. about
D. for
14. Public
in this city is quite good, and it’s not expensive.
A. travel
B. journey
C. vehicle
D. transport
15. Mum
away on business quite often.
A. sets
B. takes
C. does

D. goes
16. It’s easier to travel abroad when you can speak
language like English.
A. a strange
B. a foreign
C. an unknown
D. an outside
Exercise 24. If a word or phrase in bold is correct, put a tick (√). If it is incorrect, rewrite it correctly on
the line, including all possibilities.
1. The universe is going to continue to expand for billions of years.
2. Look out! You will hit the car in front!
3. I’m going to do the washing –up tonight, if you like.
4. Do you think that, in the future, people will live to be hundreds of years old?
5. Will I carry some of those bags for you, or can you manage?
6. I know! I’m going to have a barbecue on my birthday!
7. Are you going to just hold this door open for me for a minute? Thanks a lot!
8. We’ve decided we will try that new restaurant after the play tomorrow night.
9. We’re going to fly to Jamaica in the summer.
10. Shall we invite Tony and Tim round tonight?
11. Are we going to invite Tony and Tim round tonight?
12. Will you go to Jason’s party next Saturday?
Exercise 25. Circle the correct word or phrase. If both options are correct, circle both.
1. We aren’t/We’re not going to miss the train, are we?
2. I think I’m going to do/I’m doing really badly in the English test tomorrow.
3. Josh is going to sing/is singing a song in the school talent contest next week.
4. I’m going to buy/buying a big yacht if I can when I’m older.
5. Sports Day is going to be/being held on the last day of term.
6. Does/Will the concert on Thursday last more than two hours?
7. Are they going to broadcast/Will they broadcast the music awards live tomorrow night?
8. Do they broadcast/Are they broadcasting the music awards live tomorrow night?

9. According to the timetable, the train for Oxford leaves/is leaving at 10.15.
10. Does the restaurant open/Is the restaurant opening next Sunday?
Exercise 26. Write a word or short phrase in each gap.
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At the end of this month, I’ll (1.)
working on my physics project for about six weeks, but
I’ve still got a lot to do before I hand it in. I’ll (2.)
spending the whole day in the physics lab
next Saturday doing experiments, and in fact, I (3.)
playing football the weekend after either
because I’ve got to go back to the lab then, too. I guess I’ll (4.)
doing lots of similar
projects when I’m at university, so it’s good practice. Thinking about it, when I leave university in about
four years, I will (5.)
studying physics for over thirteen years, so I should be
quite good at it by then.
Exercise 27. Complete using the future perfect simple or future prefect continuous of the verbs in
brackets.
1. I (cook)
dinner by the time you get home.
2. In a few minutes, I (wait)
here for Craig for over two hours. Where can he be?
3. We’ll be halfway through the sponsored swim in one hour so we (swim)
for

forty-eight hours non-stop by then.
4. They (not/finish)
painting the house by the time we get back from holiday.
5. If she’s still on the phone at eight o’clock, (Jan/talk)
to Melissa for over two
hours.
6. At six o’clock this evening, we (not/climb)
for five hours but for seven hours.
7. This time next month, you (probably/pass)
your driving test!
8. (you/do)
all your homework by bedtime?
9. Tomorrow (Elaine/work)
on the project for ten days.
10. We (probably/not/leave)
by the time you get home.
Exercise 28. Complete each second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence. Write between two and five words.
1.We’ll get home and then we’ll have something to eat. (got)
→We’ll have something to eat
home.
2. I’ll finish marking the exams and then I’ll tell you your results. (soon)
→I’ll tell you your results
making the exams.
3. You’ll be traveling across the Sahara next week so remember to wear lots of sunscreen! (while)
→Remember to wear lots of sunscreen
across the Sahara next week.
4. They’ll show Titan at the cinema and then they’ll release the DVD. (before)
→They won’t release the DVD
at the cinema.

5. My science exam starts at ten tomorrow morning. (taking)
→At ten past ten tomorrow
my science exam.
6. Let’s watch the space documentary before we have supper. (watched)
→Let’s have supper
the space documentary.
7. I’ll send out all the invitations before lunchtime. (have)
→By lunchtime,
all the invitations.
8. Do some revision and then I’ll give you a test. (until)
→I won’t give you a test
some revision.
9. When you visit us, we’ll have moved into our new house. (by)
→We’ll have moved into our new house
you visit us.
10. We’ll get some more information and then we’ll make a decision. (once)
→Let’s make a decision
got some more information.
Exercise 29. Write “on, in, at” in each gap.
1. I’ll be 100 years old
the year 2095.
2. Sasha’s not going to have a party
her birthday this year.
3. See you
August!
4. See you
Tuesday!
5. See you
eight o’clock!
6. See you

the morning!
7. See you
a couple of hours!
8. It’s difficult to sleep
night
the summer because of the heat.
9. My grandfather left home
the age of fourteen!
10. We got there just
time for the movie.
11. He’s never late, and he’s never early; he always arrives right
time.
12. My birthday’s
April 1st.
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Exercise 30. Each of the words in bold is incorrect. Rewrite them correctly.
1. My Australian cousins are coming in Greece next month!
2. Turn left on the post office, then go straight on.
3. There weren’t any chairs, so we had to sit at the floor.
4. The TV’s on the corner of the room.
5. There’s a photo of the author at the back cover of the book.
6. We should arrive at Paris at six in the morning.
7. Could you go out from the room for a moment, please?
8. Walk in the station, but turn left a couple of blocks before you get there.

9. I’ll meet you in the corner of your street.
10. There should be a broom on the back of the cupboard, somewhere.
11. They should arrive in the airport in about an hour.
12. The CD should be next from the CD player.
Exercise 31. Write on word in each gap.
Defining the Age
Ages, eras and wars will always be defined (1.)
they are over, or at least well after they
(2.)
started. (3.)
the year 1914, for example, no one said. “Tomorrow I’m going (4.)
go and fight in the First World War.” Why not? Because it wasn’t generally called the First
World War until the Second World War had started. Similarly, no one ever said: “Next year (5.)
be
the start of the Industrial Revolution.” The era now known as the Industrial Revolution only started being
called that once it was well under way.
(6.)
the time we are old, we will all (7.)
experienced enormous technological advances.
We might even (8.)
walking round with computer chips implanted in our bodies, or perhaps
computer chip technology will have (9.)
replaced by even more advanced technology. There’s
talk (10.)
the moment that human skin itself might make an excellent electronic circuit board.
We can all make predictions, but nobody knows for sure. And nobody knows what the era we will live in
(11.)
the near future will be called by future historians. If we already live in the Computer Age or
the Information Age as some people suggest, the present-day era (12.)
be referred to by future

historians, then who knows what era we’re just (13.)
the beginning of right now?
Exercise 32. Choose the correct answer
Modern Science
It seems entirely (1.)
to us that there are teams of scientists in universities and other
institutions around the world, attempting to (2.)
the way the world works. However, it hasn’t
always been that (3.)
. Although the scientific method is now four or five hundred years old, the
ancient Greeks, for example, believed that they could work out the (4.)
of natural events just by
the power of thought.
During the 17th century, more and more people began to realize that they could (5.)
their scientific ideas by designing a relevant (6.)
and seeing what happened. A lot of (7.)
was made in this way by individual scientists. These men and women often worked alone,
carrying out (8.)
into many different areas of science, and they often received very little (9.)
for their hard work. At the start of the 20th century, thought, it became (10.)
that
science was becoming more complicated and more expensive. The individual scientist disappeared, to be
replaced by highly qualified teams of experts. Modern science was born.
1. A. physical
B. natural
C. typical
D. real
2. A. create
B. invent
C. construct

D. discover
3. A. route
B. method
C. way
D. technique
4. A. aims
B. reasons
C. causes
D. impulses
5. A. calculate
B. estimate
C. measure
D. test
6. A. experiment
B. research
C. attempt
D. analysis
7. A. development
B. movement
C. progress
D. evolution
8. A. research
B. experiment
C. discovery
D. education
9. A. award
B. prize
C. gift
D. reward
10. A. clear

B. true
C. accurate
D. actual
Exercise 33. Circle the correct word
1. Many materials have been used for artificial/false teeth, including wood.
2. Be careful! You might give yourself an electric/electronic shock!
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3. I’m afraid the problem with your washing machine is the engine/motor.
4. Many employers in the chemicals industry/factory object to the new law.
5. My computing exam is taking place/occurring next week.
6. Technology is a fundamental part of new/modern life.
7. We had our car serviced and it seems there’s a problem with the engine/machine.
Exercise 34. Complete using the correct form of the words in the box.
plug
turn
carry
narrow
put
work
come
break
1. A lorry had
down on the motorway and we had to wait for over an hour.
2. I have

it down to two computer games, but I still can’t make up my mind.
3. I wish you would
the TV off and go outside and get some exercise.
4. Scientists are trying to
out ways to reduce pollution from aircraft.
5. Tomorrow, we will be
out an experiment to test this theory.
6. Who
up with the idea of the ball-point pen?
7. I’ll just
you through to our research department. Please hold on.
8. No wonder the vacuum cleaner isn’t working. You haven’t
it in!
Exercise 35. Match to make sentences.
1. Alex’s electricity was cut
a. off because she forgot to pay the bill.
2. Wear a mask because these chemicals give
b. metals such as lead into gold.
3. I’m writing an essay and I need to find
c. out who discovered penicillin.
4. I was pleased that our gamble came
d. on in physics over the last year.
5. Alchemists spent years trying to turn
e. off fumes that can be harmful.
6. Your teacher says you’ve really come
f. off and the experiment was a success.
Exercise 36. Choose the correct answer.
1. I don’t think people should be allowed to perform experiments
animals.
A. for

B. over
C. on
D. to
2. There was an explosion in technology
the beginning of the 20th century.
A. in
B. at
C. through
D. on
3. Let’s face
- we are destroying the environment and we need to do something now.
A. truth
B. facts
C. things
D. information
4. The distance from the Earth to the Sun is,
average, about 149 million kilometers.
A. by
B. on
C. from
D. in
5. It’s amazing that creatures survive
the bottom of the ocean.
A. in
B. by
C. at
D. to
6. Fox Talbot
the first photograph in 1835.
A. gave

B. did
C. drew
D. took
7. Researchers have
to the conclusion that your personality is affected by your genes.
A. come
B. got
C. reached
D. arrived
8. Do you mind if I just
a quick phone call from here?
A. do
B. take
C. have
D. make
9. Many lives were saved
the introduction of antibiotics.
A. into
B. at
C. with
D. in
10. The
of the nuclear accident is still unknown.
A. reason
B. cause
C. base
D. motive
11. My father works at the university, doing research
weather control.
A. on

B. to
C. of
D. from
12. The telescope will photograph distant galaxies,
an attempt to understand their past.
A. on
B. for
C. with
D. in
Exercise 37. Find the extra word in each line.
The future
1.
We were discussing about the future in class today. Some people were
2.
wondering it whether we would have to live in space when we destroy
3.
our own planet. I explained them that the answer lies in technology because
4.
scientists are intend to develop forms of energy that will not damage the
5.
environment. The problem caused as being a result of technology will be
6.
solved by technology. I am look forward to our next discussion.
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Exercise 38. Complete each second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence. Write between two and five words.
1. The mistake by scientists caused a massive explosion. (in)
→The mistake by scientists
a massive explosion.
2. Dr Antherton finally succeeded in discovering the secret formula. (managed)
→Dr Atherton finally
the secret formula.
3. Another name for iron oxide is “fool’s gold.” (as)
→Iron oxide
“fool’s gold.”
4. Many local residents intend to protest about the nuclear power plant. (plan)
→Many local residents
about the nuclear power.
5. We are thinking of appointing Dr Knight to the position of Professor. (considering)
→We
the position of Professor.
6. We can’t live in outer space without special equipment. (us)
→ It
to live in outer space without special equipment.
Exercise 39. use the word given in bracket to form a word that fits in the gap.
QUALCOMP POWERTOP
Qualcomp have just brought out their (1. revolution)
new handheld computer,
the Powertop. It’s (2. possible)
not to love it, with its smooth, shiny (3. appear)
and its bright screen. It might not be the best (4.introduce)
to
handheld
computing because it is quite advanced, but you’ll find an (5. explain)

of all the features
in the detailed manual. The Powertop has been (6. science)
designed to fit a lot of computing
power in your palm. The (7. invent)
of a unique wireless Internet connection means there’s a
world of (8. discover)
just waiting for you. We give the Powertop nine out of ten.
Exercise 40. Complete the sentences by changing the form of the word in bracket when this is necessary.
1. Did you know that George Washington had (wood)
teeth?
2. The old astronomer patiently made his (observe)
and wrote down what he saw.
3. (Research)
have announced that a major breakthrough has been made.
4. I’m planning to train as a (psychology)
when I grow up.
5. That red (build)
over there is the Science Department.
6. The scientist said she had an announcement of international (important)
.
7. Science Weekly has a special (introduce)
offer-the first issue is free!
8. If there are aliens out there, do you think they are much more (technology)
advanced
than we are.
Exercise 41. Use the word given in bracket to form a word that fits in each gap.
EGYPT AND SOUTH AMERICA
There is still no adequate (1.explain)
why, several thousand years ago, cultures in both
Egypt and South America saw the (2.introduce)

of pyramids. Was it coincidence? Many
(3.science)
believe that it was, and state that there is no (4.possible)
at
all that people from two distant continents traded information on (5.build)
techniques.
However, some (6.revolution)
theories in recent years, based on the (7.discover)
that the two cultures also share key myths, legends and beliefs, suggest that the (8.appear)
of pyramids on opposite sides of the world was no coincidence at all. One (9.research)
working on this, Crystal Davis, said: “The (10. important)
of finding
out the truth here can’t be exaggerated. It could change our whole understanding of the history of the world.”
Exercise 42. Match to make sentences
1. The fax machine has broken
a. out by physicists which prove that time can speed
up and slow down.
2. A number of experiments have been carried
b. on enormously in recent years.
3. Whoever came
c. off for over three hours yesterday.
4. The electricity was cut
d. down, so I’m afraid you’ll have to wait until
tomorrow.
5. I’d like to find
e. off a very nasty smell when it’s heated.
6. This chemical gives
f. up with that idea should have won the Nobel Prize.
7. Cancer treatments have come
g. through to the Radiology Department, please.

8. I wonder if you could put me
h. out much more about technology in the Bronze
Age.
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Exercise 43. Complete each second sentence using the word given, so that it has a similar meaning to the
first sentence. Write between two and five words.
1. I can’t wait until we do some experiments in the science lab. (forward)
→I’m really
some experiments in the science lab.
2. Communication changed completely when the telephone was introduced. (with)
→Communication changed completely
the telephone.
3. Dr Frankenstein was finally successful in bringing the monster to life. (managed)
→Dr Frankenstein
the monster to life.
4. I can’t understand how they built the Pyramids. (impossible)
→I
how they built the Pyramids.
5. Fleming discovered penicillin as a result of a little luck. (resulted)
→A little luck
penicillin
6. People sometimes call nurses “angels”. (known)
→Nurses
‘angels”

7. Einstein eventually realized that he was wrong. (conclusion)
→Einstein eventually
that he was wrong.
8. Our physics teacher tried to explain the Theory of Relativity. (attempt)
→Our physics teacher
explaining the Theory of Relativity.
9. We’ll save enough money and then we’ll buy a computer. (soon)
→We’ll buy a computer
saved enough money.
Exercise 44. Choose the correct answer.
1. This time next week, we
the chemistry exam.
A. have finished
B. have been finishing
C. will have finished D. will have been finishing
2. When I grow up,
an inventor.
A. I’m being
B. I’m going to be
C. I will have been
D. I will be being
3. Shirley will
her research for the next few weeks.
A. have done
B. be doing
C. have been doing
D. have been done
4. Next year, Sam will
patients at this hospital for twenty-five years.
A. have been treating B. treat

C. be treating
D. be going to treat
5. “What is it?” “We won’t know until
at it under a microscope.”
A. we’re going to look
B. we’ll have looked C. we’ll be looking
D. we’ve looked
6. You won’t get any radio reception while
through the tunnel.
A. you’ve driven
B. you’ll drive
C. you’re driving
D. you’ll be driving
7. “I’m going to set up the equipment in a minute.” “
give you a hand.”
A. Shall I
B. Will I
C. Would I
D. Do I
8. Do you know who
the fact that sound travels in waves?
A. invented
B. developed
C. discovered
D. found
9. I’m thinking of getting a fax
.
A. machine
B. engine
C. motor

D. instrument
10. The
of the outbreak of the disease is still unknown.
A. aim
B. reason
C. cause
D. motive
11. Ten millions text messages are sent on
every minute.
A. normal
B. common
C. general
D. average
12. Once they’ve finished the extension to the
, there’ll be room for them to take on a
lot more workers.
A. manufacturing
B. trade
C. industry
D. factory
13. Shannen doesn’t dye her hair, it’s
blonde.
A. physically
B. naturally
C. logically
D. organically
14. I‘ve
it in at the mains but it still doesn’t seem to work.
A. worked
B. turned

C. narrowed
D. plugged

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