VAI T R d CIJA tirC LlfdmC DAI\ Q U A N , Tl/ VE
TIIL » 0 llA I^dl TIKOI\G TltAlV "DitiV UltN
PIIIJ TKEI\ KlldlVG" N\n 1972

NCUVfeNHOtJDAO*

S

au nhflng thfing l(?i to Ifln nfim 1971,
bflde vfio Xufin • Hd nfim 1972, qufin
dfin mitfn Nam mfl cudc titfn cfing chitfn
lUdc ldn trfin kh^p chitfn truflng, gfly cho
My vfi chinh quytfn Sfii Gfin htft ngd ca vtf
hudng titfn cfing vfi quy mfi ehitfn dieh.
Vflng giai phdng ciia ta dfl^c mfl rfing fl Trj
• Thien, dong bfing khu 5, Tfiy Nguyfin,
mien Dfing Nam Bfi.. tao thfinh thtf bao vfiy
chia cfit dich. Chie'n lUpc "Vifit Nam hda
chitfn tranh" ciia My vfi chinh quytfn Sfii
Gdn dflng trUflc nguy cd sup do. De cflu vfin
tinh the. My dung phtfn ldn hda lUc khdng
quan, hai qufin "My hfia" trfl lai mitfn Nam
va ndm bom pha hoai mitfn Bfic. Cufic ehitfn
tranh phfi hoai Ifin thfl hai mfi My titfn hfinh
trfin mien Bfic vdi quy mfi, cuflng do rtft ldn,
dinh cao lfi chien dich dung mfiy bay B52 d^i
bom xutfng Thu dfi Hfi N^i. Khi titfn hfinh
chie'n tranh pha hoai mitfn Bfic, gidi cfim
quytfn Oasinhtdn da hd hdt: "dtfy Ifli mitfn
Bfic vtf thfli k$ dd da" (1) vfi "khfing cdn nghi
ngfl gi nfla. My c6 thi phfi huy mitfn Bfic

Vifit Nam mfit sdm mdt chi^u... vfi bu^c hp
phai diu hfing" (2). NhUng Mjf da bj thtft b^i
tham hai. "Vfl khi ky thufit My dfl hi§n d^i
den dau cung khfing thi citu ke thfl khoi
thtft bai. Quytft dinh thfing l^i lfi con ngUfli
• Vi§n Sfl h9c

Vidt Nam ydu nUflc, dung cam, thdng minh"
(3). Thu dd Hfi Ngi vfin dflng vflng vfi Iftp
chitfn edng vang ddi. Qufin dfin Hfi N^i dfi
nhtfn chim phfio dfii bay B52 - vii khi hi^n
dai ciia Mj. Trong chitfn edng vi dai nfiy, lUc
lugng dfin qufin, tu v$ thii dfi da ed vai trd
htft sfle to ldn. Dfin qufin, tU v$ thii dd da trfl
thfinh mpt trong nhflng nhfin ttf quytft dinh,
dfip tan cudc tfip kich chitfn Ifldc ciia khdng
Iflc My.
Dtfn dtfu thang 10 nfim 1972, qua nhflng
trfin phan kich gifing co vd ciing quytft li§t
tren chitfn trUflng mitfn Nam, My vfi chinh
quytfn Sfii Gdn da gianh gifit dupc mpt atf
dia bfin mfi chung ta da giai phdng trong
chitfn djch Xufin • Hd. d mifi~n Bfic, vdi
nhflng dpt ndm bom bfin phfi qui mfi ldn,
chflng da phfi hiiy nhitfu cd sfl vfit chtft, sfit
h^i vfi lfim thUdng vong nhifi'u ngufli. Tuy
nhifin, Mjf v5n khfing thtf xoay chuyln dUdc
cyc di^n chitfn tranh. Cfich mang Vi^t Nam
v5n vflng budc di len. Mitfn Bfic bin rdi hdn
600 mfiy bay, bfit stfng nhitfu gific Ifii My.

Cd quan tinh bfio My da tflng than thfl:
Vitfc ndm bom fie litft khong ngfin chfln
dupc B&c Vi^t Nam dUa ngufli vfi vu khi,
trang b} vfio Nam.


Vat trd ciia luc lugng dfln qufln...
Diu thfing 10 nfim 1972, phfii dofin
ngoai giao Vi^t Nam fl Hfii ngh; Paris chii
dfing dua ra ban dU thao Hi^p dinh vfi"
chtfm ddtt chid'n tranh, Ifip lai hda binh fl
Vidt Nam. TrUdc tinh thtf htft lpi trfin ca hai
mitfn Nam - Bfic, trUdc dU lufin qutfc te vfi
trong nUde ngfiy cfing phan doi cudc chitfn
tranh ciia My fl Vi^t Nam; dfic bi$t, dfi' tfl ra
cd thien chl, Itfy long ci( tri My trong cufic
btfu cijt Td'ng thtfng. My dfi chtfp nhfin ban
du thao vfi xfic djnh cd the ky chinh thflc
Hiep dinh vfio ngfiy 31 thfing 10 nfim 1972.
Sau dd phia My tfl tri hoan dtfn trfio trfl
nhflng difi'u ki$n da thfla thufin. Ngfiy 8
thfing 11 nfim 1972, Nichxdn trung cii Td'ng
thtfng nhifim ky 2. Cung tfl dtfy. My da tri
hoan, kdo dfii vfi cuoi cflng Ifit long ddi phai
siia 126 diem trong ban du thao Hifip dinh.
Hfii nghi Paris btf tfic. Ngay 13 thang 12
nfim 1972, Kitxinhgid, co vfi'n dfic bifit cua
phai dofin My tuyfin btf bo hop vfi thdi ban.
Thuc chtft My da ehii trUdng sii dung con
bfii cufii cung lfi dung B52 quyd't gifinh thtf

manh, rdi di dtfn giai phap chtfm dflt chitfn
tranh fl Viet Nam cd ldi cho My.
Dua vao sfle manh quan sU, nhfi't lfi lUc
lUdng khdng qufin ehitfn lUpc, ngay 14
thang 12 nfim 1972, vdi ldi le nhU mfit ttfi
hfiu thu, Tong thtfng My Nichxdn giti difin
cho Chinh phii Vifit Nam ddi trong vdng 72
gid tdi phai trfl lai bfin dfim phan fl Paris.
Cung vdi viec gijti di$n cho Chinh phii Vidt
Nam, Nichxdn ra lenh cho Bfi chi huy
khfing quan chitfn lUdc va chitfn thufit
chuan bi ndm bom mien Bfic, tha them min
phong tda cang Hai Phdng vfi cac ciia sdng,
ciia bien khac. My cdn thfinh Ifip Bd tU Ifinh
sU doan khfing qufin chie'n lUpc lam thfli va
ditfu dflng 48 mfiy bay F i l l sang thay thtf 4
phi dofin F4 fl Ddng Nam A. My rfio ritft
chuan hi cho cudc tfip kich ehitfn lUpc bfing
khdng qufin vfio Hfi Ndi, Hai Phdng. Cufic
tfip kich tren mang ten Linebacker II

47

(Laind bfi'chcd 2
Cii sflt trUdc khung
thfinh). Tofin bO 193 mfiy bay B52, hdn
1000 mfiy bay chifi'n thufit trong vflng Dfing
Nam A dUpe huy dfing cho chifi'n dieh nfiy.
Mue dieh ciia Linebacker II lfi tfin pha
nfing mpt stf khu vUe dfin eU, ehii ytfu lfi Hfi

Nfii, Hai Phdng hdng gfiy hoang mang, tao
sfle dp ldn nhtft vfi dfinh sup y chl quytft
tam gifinh thtfng nhtft, dfic Ifip ciia nhfin
dfin ta, phfi hoai tifi'm lUc kinh tfi', qutfe
phdng, ngfin chfin tfl gtfc ngudn titfp ttf
mifi'n Bfic vfio miS'n Nam, rfin de cfic nUflc
dang troi dfiy dfi'u tranh chd'ng dtf qutfc My.
Nhfi Trfing vfi Lfiu Nfim Gdc tinh tofin, vfli
mpt eufie titfn cfing dai quy md bfing khdng
qufin hidn dai vfi mpt khtfi lUpng bom dan
khong Id trut xutfng Thii dd Hfi Ndi, Hai
Phdng se t^o dUpc "cu soc" dfit ngdt, budc
Chinh phu Viet Nam Dan chu Cflng hoa
chfi'p nhfin die'u kifin "hda binh" cua My.
My cdn cho rfing, hd thong phdng khong
cua Bfic Vifit Nam se khdng thi phfit huy
hieu luc trude sfl titfn cflng ciia My.
Nhfin ro ban chtft ngoan ctf Ifit long eua
dtf quoc My, Bfi Chinh tri, Quan uy Trung
Udng va Hfii ddng Chinh phii Viet Nam chi
dao quan dfin mitfn Bic, dfic bifit la quan
dan Thii dfi Hfi Nfii de eao canh gific, sfin
sfing chitfn dtfu vfi phuc vu chie'n dfi'u, dfip
tan mpi hfinh dfing quan su ciia dich. Bd
Tong tham mUu Quan doi Nhfin dfin Viet
Nam ngay dfim theo ddi tflng dpng thai ciia
dich vfi nhfin dinh: nd'u diing B52 ndm bora
Hfi Ndi, My cho xufi't kich 30 lln/ehitfc,
nhifi'u nhfi't 60 dtfn 80 ifinychitfe radi ngay.
Theo sfl chi dao eiia Dang, ktf hoach cua

Bp Tong tu Ipnh, ngfiy 30 thang 10 nfim
1972, Qufin chiing Phfing khdng - Khdng
qufin md Hdi nghi chuyfin de vtf danh B52,
to chflc tap hutfn cho can bp chi huy va cac
kip chitfn dfi'u. Cac ddn v\ Rada to chiic
chong nhilu vfi phfit hi^n chinh xac may
bay B52. Bp Tu lenh Thu dfi to chflc tfip


Rghian ciJru L|ch sit, atf 8.2018
hufi'n bfin mfiy bay tfim thfl'p cho cfin bd chi
huy dfin qufin, ti^ v$. Cfic thii trUflng cd
quan, gifim dtfc nhfi mfiy, xi nghidp... dUpc
qufin tri^t thfim mdt bflde vtf si^ ktft hpp
gifla chifi'n dfi'u vfi san xutft. Cac khu vi^c
nfii, ngo^i thfinh diln tflp bfin mfiy bay,
dfinh djch dtf bd duflng khdng, ad tfin ngUfli
vfi tfii san cfi'p td'c, cdng tfic cflu thUdng, cflu
sfip gifl gin trtft ti^ tri an. ,
Chua khi nfio qufin dfin Thu dfi Hfi N^i
sfii ddng, khfi'n trUdng trong edng tfic chutfn
hi vfi sSn sfing dfinh tra ndm bom phfi ho^i
ciia My nhU luc nfiy. Cflng vdi nhi^m vy
lanh dao chu^n bj sSn sfing ehitfn dfi'u, ban
lanh dpo Thfinh phtf Hfi Npi ra sfle dfin dtfc
vific thi hfinh phdng, trfinh trong cfie
ngfinh, cfic cfi'p. Do ngUfli vfi cfic phUdng
ti$n chie'n tranh ra, vfio thanh phtf ngfiy
cfing tfing khitfn nhflng dtfu mtfi giao thdng
quan trpng nhu: bd'n phfi, cfiu phao, n h i ga,

ben xe... nhifi'u khi hi fich tfic euc bd. Cac
lUc lupng kiem soat qufin sU, cdng an vu
trang, canh sfit, dfin qufin, tU vd dUdc to
chflc bien che hdp ly dl dam bao giao
thdng, trfit tu ndi dfing ngUfli. Tfi't ca cfic
chan hfing, kho hfing Ifln fl Ddng Anh, Yfin
Vien, Giap Bfit... dUpc lUc lUpng can bp,
nhfin vien, nhfin dfin, hpc sinh, sinh vien
ngfiy dfim phfin tan. Tfi't ca cd quan, nhfi
may, xf nghidp, bdnh vi$n, trUdng hpe...
hinh thfinh hai btf phfin: fl lai nfii thfinh
titfp tuc san xutft, cfing tfic va aSn sfing
chitfn dtfu, mpt b^ phfin vtf ndi sd tfin dl to
chflc san xufi't, ttf chflc sinh ho^t vfi hpc tfip.
Cac ddn vi Phdng khdng-Khdng quan dflpc
hufi'n luy^n mpi phUdng an dfinh djch.
Nhflng ddn vi phfio cao xa, ddn vi sung
may, sung trUflng nang cao trinh dp. Ngufli
gifi, tre em, nhflng ngudi khdng cd nhi^m
vu chitfn dtfu, san xutft sS sd tan khoi ndi
thfinh. Trung dofin mang ten 'T)oan Quang
Trung bao vfi Thii dd" (4) dUpc btf sung dtfy
dii stf qufin, trang bi dtfy dii vfi tfip hufi'n

phUdng fin dfinh djch vfi khfic phyc hfiu
qufi khi Thu dd Hfi N$i bj ndm bom. Dfic
bidt, sau khi tfn djnh ttf chflc, bifin chtf,
Dofin Quang Trung phtfi hpp vdi mtft stf ddn
v) b(k dpi ehii li^c thi^c hfinh cufic diSn tfip
dfinh qufin dtf bp dudng khdng tai m$t stf

khu vi^c nhu: Quang truflng Ba Dinh, Nhfi
hfit ldn, Ngfin hfing Trung Udng, Vufln hoa
Chi Linh... Trong luc chitfn sM dang diSn ra
quytft lidt, vi^c ttf chflc, dpng vidn vfi thuc
tfip, trung dofin qufin dii nhi^m dfi cd tac
d(ing ctf vu khi thtf chitfn dfi'u ciia cfic lUc
lupng vu trang nhfin dan, khdi dfiy truytfn
thtfng kifin cUflng chtfng gific ngoai xfim,
bao vd Thu dfi ciia ngUfli Hfi Nfii. Bdn canh
dd, Bp Td'ng tham mUu cdn quytft dinh cho
Hfi Npi thfinh Ifip thfim 8 dai dpi ti^ v§ tfip
trung, thofit ly san xutft. O 4 huy^n ngoai
thfinh moi huypn to chflc mot dai dpi bfi
binh tfip trung, trang bi sung dan, lfim
nhi^m vy co dfing chitfn dfi'u trong dia bfin
huypn. Trong ndi thfinh, moi khu pho to
chflc 1 dai dpi phfio cao xa 100 ly (gdm 5
khtfu dpi), tfing eUdng cho hfi thong bfin
may bay ttfm cao. Quan sd' cfic dai dpi nfiy
chii yfi'u lfi cfing nhan ciia nhitfu nhfi may,
xi nghipp tap trung lpi. Ngofii lUc lUdng
dfin qufin, tu vd dUpc bo sung, tfing cUflng;
cfic CO quan xi nghitfp chutfn bi xe, mfiy,
ngudi, phUdng tidn dl sfin sfing cd dpng
khfic phyc hfiu qua phfi hoai ciia dich khi
cd Ipnh. Cflng vfli thfinh phtf, cfic cd quan
khoa hpc, nghidp vy tham gia phdng trfinh
vfi danh dich. Cfic san phtfm mdi phyc vu
chitfn dfi'u Itfn lupt ra dfli nhU: Ca nd khfing
ngufli Ifii, ky thufit mdi Ifip rap cfiu phao,

phfi xe liia... Chi mpt thfli gian ngfin, Thii
dfi Ha Npi da chuyln sang thfli chitfn. Cufic
chitfn dtfu quytft gifinh thfing ldi cua qufin
dfin thii dd da chutfn bi sfin sfing.
Vfio 12h ngfiy 18 thang 12 nfim 1972
khfing quan My bfit dtfu titfn danh Thu dfi
Hfi Npi. Mfl dtfu, hfing loat may bay B52 tfl


Vai h^ ciia lijrc lirqng dan qufln...
dao Guam vfio sfin bay Utapao (Thai Lan),
cd may bay ehitfn thutft yim trp Ifin lUpt
xufi't kich bay vtf hudng Vi§t Nam. Dofin
mfiy bay hon hpp kdo dfii hfing chyc kildmdt,
tfm am ngupc sdng Mfi Kdng Ifin Tfiy Bfic rfii
theo cfic day nfli bay vfio ddng b^ng Btfc Bp.
Tfl 19h40' dtfn 20hl8' nhitfu td'p B52 (mfii
top 3 chifi'c) dfii bom xud'ng cfic khu vyc sfin
bay Npi Bfii, Dfing Anh, Yfin Vifin, Gia Lfim
vfi nhifi'u ndi khfic fl Thii dfi Hfi Npi.
Tfl dfinh nho dfi'n dfinh ldn, danh ban
dem vfi danh ban ngfiy, danh lifin tuc, dfl
ddi vdi cuflng dd mfii ngfiy mdt tfing, dtf
quoc My hong khufi't phyc quytft tfim sfit dfi
chtfng My, giai phdng mien Nam, thd'ng
nhfi't To qutfc ciia qufin dan Hfi Ndi ndi
rifing, nhfin dan Vifit Nam nfii chung. Dtf
qud'c My quye't gifinh thfi' manh, quytfn chu
dfing trong bfin dfim phfin ngoai giao tai
Paris. NhUng mfit ifin nfla de quoc My da

tinh tofin sai lfim, chiu thtft bai va chiu hfiu
qua nfing ne.
Cupc tfip kich chitfn lUpc bfing khfing
qufin ciia My vfio mitfn Bfic Viet Nam ma
Thu do Hfi Nfii lfi muc tieu ehu ytfu da dien
ra lien tuc 12 dem, 11 ngfiy, Trong 12 ngfiy
ddm ay. My da sii dung 726 Ifin chitfn B52,
gfin 2000 Ifin chifi'c mfiy bay chie'n thufit.
Rifing fl Thii dfi Ha Nfii, My sii dung 444
Ifin chitfe B52, hdn 1000 Ifin chien may bay
chifi'n thufit ndm xutfng khoang hdn 10000
tfi'n bom, gifi't hai 2380 ngfldi, lfim bi
thUdng 1355 ngufli (5). Trdn dia bfin Thu dd
Hfi Ndi cd 9 ga xe liia thi 7 ga hi phfi hong.
Trong 5 chitfe cfiu, 5 ben phfi thi My pha
sfip vfi hong 4 cfiu, 4 phfi. Cang duy nhtft fl
Ha Ndi lfi cang Sfing Hdng hi My ndm bom
khdng boat ddng dUpc binh thudng. Mfit
phfin ba trong td'ng stf 200 nhfi may, xi
nghiep cflng 5 b^nh vi^n, dfii phfit thanh
titfng ndi Vi^t Nam, nhitfu cdng trinh kinh
ttf, khoa hpc ky thufit, vfin hda, trUflng hpc,
khu dfin cU, cfiu ctfng, duflng xfi... hi phfi

49
hiiy hofic thipt hai nfing; 67 xa ngoai thfinh
vfi 39 khtfi phtf npi thfinh h\ bfin phfi (6).
Vdi khtfi lupng bom dan, dtf qutfc My da tfin
pha ciia vfi ngufli Vipt Nam. Quan dfin
miin Bfic, Thii dd Hfi Npi do chufin bj ttft

vtf thtf trfin tinh thfin, chii ddng sd tfin,
phfin tfin, de vfla chifi'n dtfu dat hipu qua
cao, vfla phdng trfinh ttft, ndn thipt h^i vfi
thUdng vong thfi'p. Trong 12 ngfiy dem, 81
mfiy bay My bj bfin rdi trfin mifi'n Bfic,
trong dd cd 34 may bay B62. Hfing trfim
gific lai My, phfin ldn lfi gific lai B52 hi
chtft, mtft tich vfi bi bfit song. Thu dfi Hfi
Npi, khu vUc myc tidu chii ytfu cua ehitfn
dich, 23 may bay B52, 2 mfiy bay F i l l vfi 5
mfiy bay chifi'n thufit khfic hi bfin rdi (7).
Vdi Linebacker II, My dfinh chung ta bfit
ngfl, nhung ehinh ehung bi bfi't ngfl. Chung
bfi't ngfl ve stf lUdng B52 hi tieu diet, vtf y dd
gay sfle dp trfin mfit trfin ngoai giao khfing
dat. My tfl eho bat ngd rdi dtfn than phuc ve
tinh thfin binh tinh, vflng vang ciia qufin
dfin Thii dd Hfi Npi trUflc mUa bom, bao
dan ciia eupe tfip kich chie'n lUdc bfing
khdng quan ma chung titfn hanh. Trong
Hoi ky ciia minh, Nichxdn da phai thu
nhfin: "Die'u lo ngai chinh cua tdi trong
tufin le nfim bom dau tidn khfing phai lfi
nhflng ddt phan doi gay gfit fl trong nfldc ta
vfi thtf gidi, die'u nay da dupe dU tinh, mfi
ehlnh lfi thipt hai nfing ne ve B52" (8).
Thfing ldi vi dai, oanh liet trong 12 ngfiy
dem ciia "Trfin Dien Bien Phii tren khdng"
cudi nfim 1972 la thanh qua to Idn eiia tofin
Dang, tofin qufin vfi tofin dfin ta. Nd bfit

nguon tfl nhitfu nhan to, trong dd phai ke
dtfn vai trd to ldn ciia dpi ngii dfin qufin, tU
v^ thii dd.
Dfim 18 thang 12 nfim 1972, dfim dfiu
tien My dung B52 nfim bom danh phfi Thii
dd Hfi Npi, lfi dem gfin 1 trifiu ngUfli Hfi Nfii
gfin nhu khdng ngii. Hang chuc trifiu ngufli
fl cac tinh, thfinh phtf khfic eung hUdng ve


50
Hfi Ndi xuc dpng, lo fiu. Hfi Npi vfin dflng
viSng. Cfic cd quan Ifinh dgo Dang, Nhfi
nUdc vfi qufin dpi vfin lfim vipc fl nhflng cfin
hfim trong thfinh phtf. B^ Chinh t 4 Trung
Udng Dang, Chinh phii vfi Bd Ttfng TU Ipnh
dfic bipt chu trpng theo sfit vfi chi dpo cutfc
chitfn dfi'u fl thii dfi. Gifl vflng thii dd luc
nfiy lfi gifl vflng nilm tin cho ca nUflc. Vfli y
dfi khfing cho doi phUOng khfic phye hfiu
qua, nhflng trfin bom trong dfim vi!ra dflt.
My titfp tyc eho mfiy bay chitfn thufit vfio
bfin phfi ban ngfiy, Cflng vdi chitfn dtfu, viPc
khfic phyc hfiu qua vfi ttf chflc sd tfin trfl
thfinh nhipm vy cfi'p bfich cua thfinh phtf,
Dong chi Trfin Duy Hflng, Chii tjch LTy ban
Hfinh chinh thfinh phtf cflng nhitfu cfin b$
Dang, chinh quytfn, Bfi Tfl Ipnh Thii dd dfi
tdi cfic trfin dia phfio, dfii phfit thanh, cfic
khu cdng nghiep, nhflng dia bfin dfing dfin

cu 3 Yen Vien, Gia Lfim, Dong Anh..,
nghien cflu to chflc chitfn dtfu vfi khfic phyc
hfiu qua. Lpnh sd tfin tript dl, khtfn cfi'p eiia
Chii tich Hpi ddng phfing khfing dUpc cdng
btf tren cac phUdng ti^n thdng tin dai
chung. Tfi't ca ngUfli gifi, tre em, nhflng
ngudi khfing cd nhidm vy fl lai ndi thfinh
phai sd tan htft. Nhflng ngUfli fl lai tranh
hoi hpp, tu tfip. Ctfp ttfe dfio, siia ehfla them
hfim, hfio. Cfic luc lupng khfic phyc hfiu qua
sfin sfing cd dpng lfim nhipm vy. Uy ban
Hfinh chinh thfinh phtf cdn chi thj cho cfic
khu, huypn, cac ngfinh, dofin thi dinh chi
nhflng cupe hpp; hpc sinh tam thfli nghi
hpc, phfin tfin, giai tfin nhanh hfing hfia,
kho tfing. Mpi hoat ddng ciia thfinh pho trfl
nen gtfp gap. Hfing trfim roi hfing nghin xe
chfl ngufli, hfing hda, tfii lipu, mfiy mde... di
sd tan. Nhfl cd ktf hoach chu^n hi tot, dupe
cac ctfp chinh quytfn, li^c lUpng an ninh, dfic
bipt lfi dfin quan, tU vp ddng dao gdp sfle
nen moi vipc dii khtfn trUdng nhung vfin
binh tinh, sudn se, cd trfit ty.

Rflhito curu Uch aJr. atf 8.2012
Cupc chitfn dtfu cua qufin dfin Hfi Npi va
cfi mitfn Bfic difin ra hfin titfp vfli cudng dp
ngfiy cfing fie lipt. Lfin lUpt, cfic khu vUc
quan trpng trong Thfinh phtf Hfi Npi bj dpi
bom nhu: Ga Hfing C6, Bp Giao thfing vfin

tai, Ttfng Cdng dofin, sfin bay Bach Mai,
khu cdng nghiPp vfi dfin cU Dfing Anh- Ctf
Loa, Gifip Bfit, bpnh vipn Bach Mai, khu
phtf Khfim Thidn... T^i Bpnh vipn Bach
Mai, trung tfim y ttf vfio lo^i ldn nhtft miin
Bflc vfio thfli ky nfiy, lue 3h45' ngfiy 22-121972 bj B52 dpi bom. Hfing ttfn may mde,
thitft bj, thutfc men b) hu h^i, 28 bfic si, y si,
y tfi, nhfin vifin phyc vy cflng cfic npn nhfin
cua cfic vy ndm bom trUdc, cfic b$nh nhfin
dang di^u trj bj chtft vfi bj thUdng; Dfii
titfng ndi Vipt Nam chi trong 3 ngfiy, 6 lfin
B62 My dpi bom dfinh phfi, gfiy thUdng
vong 130 ngufli; hfing trfim nhfi fl, vufln cfiy,
gieng nUdc, cfing trinh cfing cpng bj san
b4ng. Vfio dem ll Nfien (26-12), B52 dpi
bom rai tham bao trum gfin htft chieu dfii
phtf Khfim Thifin, gitft hai 287 ngUfli, lfim bi
thUdng 290 ngufli, san bfing, pha sfip gfin
2000 ngfii nhfi, dtfn chfla, truflng hoc, tram
xfi, hfim ho ciia cd quan, gia dinh. Cd gia
dinh cd 6 ngufli khdng mpt ai song sdt... (9).
Thfinh phtf Hfi Npi rung chuyen bfli titfng
Sling, tifi'ng may bay, tifi'ng bom ntf... Trong
khi khdi lila vfi cdng vipc btf bpn, vipc bao
vp ngufli, cd sfl vfit chtft ludn ludn dUdc dfit
len hfing dfiu. TrUflc nhflng dien bitfn phflc
tpp, dfin dfip do sU tfin fie ciia gific My, Phu
Thu tudng da tripu tflp nhflng cufic hop
khtfn cfi'p vdi cfic hi thu, chu tjch mdt stf
tinh dl giai quytft nhflng vtfn dtf ctfp bach

vfi chitfn dfi'u, phdng trfinh va chi vipn cho
Thii dfi Hfi Npi. Bp Qutfc phdng, Bp Giao
thfing vfin tai tfip trung lyc lUpng, phUdng
tipn de khfic phuc b$u qua, giai tda giao
thfing. Cfic tinh Vinh Phfl, Hfi Tay, Hai
HUng, Hfi Bfic sfin sfing chi vifin sfle ngUfli,
sfle ciia cho Ha Npi. Vipc di chuyln ngudi


Voi frd Clio lyc lugng dfln quAn...
vfi tai san nhd nudc ra khoi Thii dd vfin lfi
cfing vipc cfi'p bach nhfi't. Chfi'm dflt sfl phfin
tan thifi'u ttf chfle, chi ch^y tfl phtf nfiy sang
phtf khfie hofic sfing sd tan, tfii quay vtf.
Lanh dao thfinh pho vfi cfic cfi'p cfie ngfinh
da ctf gtfng dam bao toi thieu vtf eh6 fin, ehS
fl cho ngufli di sd tfin...
Nhilu bidn phap rfl't cu thi ciia Dang,
Chinh phii vfi lanh dao Thu dd kip thfli
giup qufin, dfin Ha Ndi chifi'n dfi'u gidi,
phdng trfinh ttft vfi gifl gin trfit tU trj an.
Ben cpnh nhflng ddn vj, nhflng tfi'm gUdng
chitfn dfi'u dung cam, mUu tri dfii mfit vdi
quan thfl trfin trfin dja, ed bifi't bao nhflng
hfinh dfing eao dpp tifiu bieu eho truyin
thtfng htft khutft eiia Thii dd diln ra trfin
cac mfit trfin phyc vy chifi'n dtfu, khfic phyc
hfiu qua bom dan ciia lUe lUdng dan qufin,
tu vfi. Cd gai di?n thoai vien Ld Thi Van,
bUu difin Gia Lam lifin tyc 10 ngfiy dfim

thuflng trUc bfin dfii, bfin mfiy, bom no each
ndi lfim vific 100m vfin binh tinh nfii day,
cung dong dpi bao dam lifin lac. O dpi 2
cfing ty cau dudng nfii thfinh, khi dpi
truflng bj thuong, mfit dfi't edn hoc khdi, dpi
phd Trfin Thi Tuytft vfin xdng len ehi huy
ddn vi thu don nhanh ehdng, giai phdng
mfit duflng cho xe chay. Cac chj Pham Thj
Bfic, Ngd Thj Dfiu (bpnh vidn Vipt - Dflc),
Le Thj Ba (bfinh vien Dtfng Da), Nguyen
Thj Thuflng (bfinh vipn Xanh Pdn), cac chj
em fl nhfi hfl sinh B (khu Hai Bfi TrUng) vfi
rtft nhieu can bfl, nhan vien y ttf fl cfic bpnh
vien, tram xfi da khdng quan mpt nhpc, hy
sinh, ngay dem tfin tyy cflu chfla ngUfli bj
nan. Nguyen Thi Sao, ciia hfing phd ciia
hfing fin uong Yen Vifin bj bom vui Itfp da
tu bdi ciia hfim cflu minh vfi dpng vifin chj
em bam try lo cdm nfldc phuc vy lUc Ifldng
dtfn khtfc phye hfiu qua. Bi thU dang iiy vfi
chu tjch cfic xa Giang Bien, Thach Bfin, Uy
No, Due Tfl, Nhfin Chinh, Ml Tri... hfiu htft
lfi nfl, nhUng rtft xfing xao. Bom d^n vfla

51

dflt, cac chj dfi nhanh chdng huy ddng lUc
lupng dtfn khfic phuc hfiu qua, on dinh tU
tuflng vfi san xufi't trong dja phUdng. Cfic
chj Trfin Thj Kim Dung, Trfin Thj Hfing

Sfim, cfing nhfin nhfi may dpt 8/3 Ifi nhflng
dpi vifin xung kich lufin cd mfit sdm nhtft dl
cflu may, cflu ngUdi khi cd dich ndm bom
vfio nhfi mfiy. Cfic chitfn si cdng an Pham
Xuan Dat, Lfi Thj Khuyen, TrUdng Cfing
Sam bj bom vui Itfp, sau khi dupe cflu
thofit, ngfldi cdn thUdng tich nhUng dfi kifin
tri theo sd dfi khu vUc cflng dong dpi dUa
hdn 40 ngUfli ra khoi vdng nguy hiem. Vfi,
cdn bie't bao tfi'm gUdng sang dang dupe ca
ngdi ciia chifi'n si, dfing bfio fl cfic bp, cfic
ngfinh, cfic etfp,,.
Cflng vfli cac chitfn si tfin liia, cao xa
dfinh djch, cac cd quan tai khu phtf, huyfin
chii ddng chi vifin ehitfn dfi'u, phuc vu chifin
dfi'u. Cfing trUdng 57 titfp dan phao 100 ly
cho trfin dia khu Ba Dinh. Trung dpi nfl
dan quan thfin Thanh Mai tifi'p dan cho
trfin dia phfio Hai Bfi TrUng. Trfin dia khu
Dtfng Da, Hofin Kitfm va nhie'u trfin dia
trfin khfip Thii do Hfi Npi da dUdc dfing dao
dan quan, tU vp, hpc sinh, smh vien, xa
vifin... ra ho trd. Mfic cho bom dan uy hie'p,
chitfn si quan sat tren cfic ndc nhfi Ngfin
hfing Trung Udng, Hpc vien Thuy Lpi, Dai
hpc Bach Khoa, Cd khi Quang Trung, xa
Tri Hipp, Khu Van Ho, Dai hpc Su pham...
vfin kien quytft bam try theo ddi tinh hinh,
bfio efio kip thfli cho sfl chi huy. O chdi quan
sat xa Giang Bien (Gia Lfim), btfn ed gai do

Nguyen Minh Ty phy trach bam try tfl dfiu
chitfn dich vfin kien cUdng bude ngUfli vfio
thfinh sfit dl khoi bfit xutfng dtft khi bom
no gfin, dfinh dfi'u tflng khu vfle bj ndm
bom, bfio cao vtf ban chi huy huypn dpi.
Bfin canh dd, dan qufin, tU vp Thii dd Hfi
Npi da Ifip dflpc nhflng chitfn cdng xutft sfic.
Trfin dja cua cac ehitfn si tU vp Vfin Don,
bfing 5 khtfu phao nha dan cung mdt thfli


Rghian ciru Lich sCr. atf 8.2012
dilm b^n ha mfiy'bay F l l l A ciia gific My
(9h dfim ngfiy 22-12-1972). Dfiy lfi chitfe
F l l l A dfiu tifin vfi cung tfi mfiy bay chitfn
thufit hi^n dpi nhfi't ciia My Iflc bfi'y gifl.
Trong trfin nfiy, cfie khfi'u dpi trfldng Nguyin
Thj Hicu, Nguyin Vfin Hai, Bfli Mai,
Nguyin Hflng, Phpm Thj Viin da dflpc ctfp
trdn khen ngdi vfi dUpc Chii tjch Tdn Dflc
Thfing, Dgi tfldng Vo Nguyfin Gifip vfi nhic'u
cac ddng chi lanh dpo Dang, Chinh phii vfi
thfinh phtf xuong tfin trfin dja dPng vifin,
tfing qufi vfi chyp anh lUu ni^m. Vfi, tfl kinh
nghipm bfin rdi mfiy bay FllA eiia tU vp
trfin dja Vfin Dfin, Bp Tu ipnh thii dfi da chi
dao cfic khu phtf, huyfin nhanh chdng ttf
chflc 23 trfin dja tfip trung khfie sfin sfing
danh djch. Moi trfin dia ed tfl 4 dtfn 6 khtfu
phao, bo tri thfinh cym, ddn long cfic dUdng

bay ciia dich. Cfich danh djch cung rfi't
phong phu, da dang. Khu vfle nfiy khdng
ddn dupc may bay, anh chj em lai chuyen
trfin dja sang khu vUe khae. PhUdng tifin
vfin chuyen cua efic trfin dia cung rfi't thd
sd, linh hoat; khi bfing d td, may kdo, lue
bfing xe bd, xe eai tid'n hofic khifing vfic,
Chinh efic trfin dja phao ciia dfin qufin, ty
vp thu dd gdp phfin gifing lUdi liia, btf vfiy
uy hifi'p vfi qufit nga may bay eiia gifie My.

nhflng chitfn dtfu vfi phyc vy chitfn dtfu gioi
mfi cdn gdp phfin khfing nho trong vipc sd
tfin ngufli vfi tai san ciia nhfi nUflc ra khoi
vflng chitfn sy; cflu nhitfu ngUfli vfi tfii san
ciia nhfi nUflc khdi bj thipt hai, bj thfldng,
bj chtft. Dfin qufin tU vfi dfi ddng vai trd to
Ifln, quytft djnh trong vipc nhanh chdng
khac phyc hfiu qua phfi hoai ciia gific My
trong tflng gid, tflng ngfiy. Dfic bifit, dfin
qufin ti^ vfi da phffi ktft hdp vfli cfic lUc
lupng vu trang, dam bao tot trfit tU, an
tofin xfi hpi. Dfin qufin, ti^ vfi thu dfi thUc sU
lfi mfit nhfin ttf quytft djnh trong thfing lpi
ciia trfin "Difin Bifin Phii tren khfing" eutfi
nfim 1972 tren hfiu trfli Hfi Ndi.

Cudc chifi'n dtfu chtfng chitfn tranh phfi
hoai lfin thfl 2 ciia dtf quoc My mfi dinh cao
la 12 ngay dfim cuoi nfim 1972 tren hfiu trfli

Hfi Npi da di vfio ljch sit Vifit Nam vfi thtf
gifli nhu mpt dfi'u son chdi lpi. Chflng minh
nhfin djnh dung dfin, sang suot cua Chii
tjch Hfi Chi Minh: "Phai dU kitfn mpi tinh
hutfng cfing sdm cfing ttft. Nhfl lfi truflc khi
thua fl Trifiu Tien, dtf qufic My da hiiy dipt
Binh Nhuflng. d Vipt Nam, My se nhtft
djnh thua. NhUng id chi chju thua sau khi
thua trdn bfiu trdi Hfi NSi" (10). Tr$n "Difin
Ngfiy 30 thang 12 nfim 1972, My bupc Bifin Phii tren khdng" cutfi nfim 1972 tren
phai ngflng ndm bom bfin pha mifi'ii Bfic. bfiu trfli Thii dfi Hfi Nfii se lfi dtf tfii cho
Ga Hfing Co, Yen Vien, Giap Bfit, Vfin Diln nhitfu nhfi qufin sU, chinh trj, sii hoc trfin
lai ntfi nhau dua ngudi, vu khi, trang thifi't thfi' gidi nghien cflu, khai thfie vtf tinh chtft
bj vfio miin Nam. Bp dpi chu li^c, bp dfii dja anh hiing cua Vipt Nam, ciia quan dfin Thii
phUdng, dan quan, ti; vfi chtfn chinh ddn vj, dfi Hfi Npi vfi vtf nhflng sai lfim cua dtf qufic
Cling CO trfin dja, tich eUc tufin tilu. Nhfin My, Dl lfim nfin khuc ea khai hofin ve vang
dfin thii dd lai bfit tay vfio cupc hfin gfin vtft fl'y, cfi vj tri, vai trd to Ifln ciia lUc lUdng dfin
thUdng chitfn tranh, tifi'p tye san xutft, tfn qufin, tu vfi thii dfi. Lue lUdng dan quan, tfl
vp thii dfi Hfi Npi da khJing dinh vai trd to
dinh cupc song.
Rd rfing, dan quan, tU vp da gifl mpt vj ldn lfi mpt li^c lupng ndng ctft trong cufic
tri vfi cflng quan trpng trong trfin "Difin chifi'n tranh nhan dfin Viet Nam dufli sU
Bien Phu tren khfing" nfim 1972 fl Thu dfi lanh dao ciia Dang.
Hfi Npi. Dfin qufin, tU vP thij dfl chfing
(Xem tidp trang 59)


Tham hhio mOt cutfn 56ch...
CHU THtCH
(1). T4n cutfn sfich: Histoire. Terminates

ES,L,S. Le Monde de 1945 d noajoura. Collection
Laurent Bourquin. Edition Belin, Paria 2010.
(2). 6 Phfip CO Profesaeur k I'UniveraittS,
Maitre de Conference fi I'Univerait^, Proreaseur au
lyc4e.
(3). ChUdng trinh g6m 18 chUdng c6 ti^u dfi
nhu aau:
Phdn I: Thg gidi tU ndm 1945 din nay: L Th«'
gidi aau Gu^ Th^ chitfn thfir Hai. 2. Sy chuyan bi^n
vl kinh ttf. 3 NhQng ki^u sfi'ng mdi 4 NhOng mfiu
hinh ldn v l y thCic h$. 5. Sy thS'nK trj thufic dja cua
ch&u Au. 6. Phi thyc dfin h6a vg ay ra ddi cua Thi*
gidi thul Ba. 7. Sy dtfi d£u Dfing - Tfiy cho dtfn
nhiing nfim 1970. 8. Ti£'n tdi kg't thiJc thtf gidi hai
cvic tir nhang nfim 1970 de'n 1991. 9. M$t t h i gidi
khong on dinh t£c 1991 din ngfiy nay.
Phdn H: Chdu Au tic ndm 1945 din nay. 10.
TSy Au cho dtfn cuETi nhiing nfim 80.11. Thdi ky

ciia cfic nin dfin chu nhfin dfin. 12. Cii dxKfc vk cfii
mfi't cua chfiu Au tfl nfim 1989.
(4), Lfi'y vi d\i trang Lich sii vd ngh§ thudt
thuOc chiftJng 8 (tr, 170 - 171) mang ti6u dl
Hollywood vd Vi^t Nam g6m 5 biic anh tit 5 phim
chiiu vi chifi'n tranh Vi^t Nam, Cu^c hdnh trinh
din cu^ dia nguc cua Michael Cimino (1978),
Ngdy tdn thi ciia Francia Ford Coppola (1979),
Trung ddi cua Oliver Stone (1986), ChUc do gidp
cua Stanley Kubrick (1987), Sinh ngdy 4 thdng
Bdy cua Ohver Stone (1990). Dildi mSi tffm anh

diu c6 chii thfch ve tac gia, n9i dung cuon phim vfi
ldi binh lu^n. Qua d6, hpc sinh c6 thi nh^n biet
du^c chiin tranh Vi^t Nam dildi cfii nhin Lua phim
anh vfi trong dilu ki^n cua nUdc Phap, vi^c xem
nhOng cu^n phim n&y khong phai \k dieu khd.
(5). Chfl vifi't tdt theo tie'ng Phap, ta thUdng
diing theo tilng Anh, vf dy OTAN lfi NATO,
OTASE lfi SEATO...

VAI TRO CUA LlJC LlJOlVG DAW QUARf, TlJ VE .
(Tiep iheo trang 52)
CHU THICH
(1), (2). Bfio Qudn dgi Nhdn ddn. ngfiy 6-21973
(3). Dai tudng Vo Nguyen Giap, Tdng tdp HSi
ky, Nxb Quan doi Nhan dan. Hfi N^i. 2006, tr,
11346.
(4). TJofin Quang Trung bao v§ Thii d6" A\it}c
thfinh Ifip vfio ngfiy 21-6-1972. Trung dofin chu y^u
lfi bd d6i chuyln ngfinh dang hof t d$ng fl khtfi cflng
nghidp. Ban Chi huy gom cfic d&ag chf: Phdng 'Vfin
Thfii - Trung dofin trudng, LUu Quang Hfing Chfnh uy.

(5), (6), (7). Thd dd Hd Ngi. Lick ai khdng
chien ch&ng My cUu nUdc (1954-1975). Nxb. Quan
dpi Nhfin dfin, Hfi Noi, 1991, tr. 245, 254, 255.
(8). Hoi ky cua Nichxdn. Nxb, Cflng an Nhan
dfin. 2004, tr. 907.
(10), Hi Chi Minh, bien niin sU kien vd tU lieu
vi qudn st^. Nxb. Qufin d§i Nhfin dfin, Hfi Npi,
1990, tr. 203,

(9). Thd dd Hd Ngi. Lich si khdng chii'n chSng
My cUu nUdc (1954-1975). Nxb. Qufin dpi NhSn
dfin, Hfi Npi, 1991, tr. 255.


VE CO D 6 I \ G D A U T R A I M I ClIOl^G DlJ Aj\ TIIUE

]\AM 193« QUA BAO CIII XlT ij\ TUUl^G KY

NGUVfiN VAN TRUNG*

1. Ban dii an thutf vk cac tdi bdo ciia
Xijf uy Trung Ky nfim 1938
Khi nguy cd Chifi'n tranh the gidi thfl
Hai dang gfin kfi", Chinh phii thufic dia tim
moi each tfing thu ngfin sach thfing qua cac
khoan ddng gdp nhfi't lfi thutf khda... Vi le
dd, dudi sU dieu khiln ciia thflc dfin Phfip,
nfim 1938 Hoang de'Bao Dai ban hanh dao
Du quy dinh mflc thue' than vfi thufi' ditfn
thfi' mdi doi vdi ngUfli dan An Nam,
Theo dd, thufi' than chia thfinh 2 hang:
thue' nha't dinh cflng thue ty Ip. Ngofii ra,
nhflng khoan thutf khac mfi ngUdi lao dfing
tfly theo dia vi kinh ttf cua minh mfi hp
phai nop cho Chinh phu ma d^io Du xac
dinh gdm: "Nhihig ngUdi khdng cd sdn
nghiep gi ddng ddng thud diin tho, khdng
cd phuang sanh hogc gi ddng ddng thue
mdn bdi, hay la khdng thiit cd chUc nghiSp

gi chdc chdn cd mdt sd'lUOng ddng niin it Id
180$, thi diu chiu thud nhdt dinh Id 1$00.

ddng thutf thfin cho mdt so trfldng hdp:
nhflng ngUdi b; tfin tfit khfing cd kha nfing
lao ddng, eflng vdi ngUdi giS 60 tu^i; ngUdi
dang tham gia qufin dpi Nam trid'u, canh
sat dang phue vu, quan nhan khfing c6
phfim chflc, linh tfip va cac chflc vide tfip
binh dang tai ngu, cflu chie'n bmh trong
Chien tranh the gidi lan Nhfi't bi thUdng
hofic mfie benh nfing; dan lang cua Vua (gpi
lfi Ifing Quy hUdng).
Ve" nghia vu ddng thue' ty Ip, tfit ca ngUdi
dan nudc ta khfing ke dfin fing hay dan bfi
dung 18 tufi'i fl tai Trung Ky vfio ngay 0101-1939, hang nfim phai ddng thud', ne'u:
"1) Chung no Id nghiip - chu d hUang thdn cd rugng hogc dd han hai mdu.
2) Chung nd Id nghiep - chu d thdnh thi,
hode cd mdn bdi co nggch thudtho dia hogc
thud mdn bdi qud rugt thue'3$0.
3} Chung nd cd chUc nghiip hogc dUOc
thiim dudng, ddng niin hudng mdt so'tiin
NhUng ngudi ndo dUOc hitdng mdn tU lai bong cdp hogc bdng thiim duang ngogi
trong cdc mdn ndi ro d trin, thi phdi chiu 300$" (2).
thud nhdt dinh 2$S0" (1). Tfi't ca thanh
Ben canh dd, hang thutf difi'n thfi' dUdc ap
nifin nfldc ta dung 18 tufi'i vfio ngfiy 01-01- dung ddi vdi cac loai dfi't khac nhau. Cu the
1939 phai chiu ddng thutf nhtft dinh.
thutf difin: "hgng 1, 2$50/mdu; hgng 2,
Tuy vfiy, trong khoan thfl hai cua dao 2$00/mdu; hgng 3, l,5$/mdu; hang 4,

Du Cling da lidt ke difi'u kifin dflpc mien 1,0$/mdu. Cdn thudtho dUac dinh mUc: hgng

'ThS, D^i hpc Vinh


Rghian eiiru H c h sJr. atf 8.2012

Xfl uy. Ngofii vi§c chi d^o chung, Xfl iiy cdn
tri^c titfp chi dpo cfic tinh Trung Trung Ky.
Sau khi Xfl iiy Trung K^ thtfng nhtft dupc
tfii l§p, thso chu trUdng ciia TW Dang, d^
ti§n cho B\f lanh dao, Xfl iiy Trung KJ da
thfinh l$p cfic Ban cfin si^ dl lanh dao cfic
tinh litfn ktf. Vi^c thfinh Ifip Xfl uy vfi Ban
cfin 81^ Dang lanh d^o cfic dja phUdng lfi
nhfin ttf quytft dinh thuc dfiy phong trfio
cfich m^ng t^i Trung Ky trong nhflng nfim
1936 • 1939,
Sii dyng kha nfing hpp phfip do thfing lpi
ciia M4t trfin binh dfin fl Phfip dem lai,
hopt ddng bfio chi cdng khai ciia nhflng lUc
lU0ng titfn bd mfi hat nhfin lfi cac chitfn si
cfing Ban fl Trung K^ di^n ra eoi n^i trong
Nguon- Bdo tdng Cdch mgng Vii I Nam
nhflng nflm 1938- 1939.
1, 2$50; hgng 2, 2$00; hang 3, 1,0$; hgng 4,
Vfio trUdc thang 7-1938, Xfl uy Trung
0,80$;hgng5, 0,60$;hang6. 0,30$"i3).
K^ cd 2 tfl bao lfi Nhdnh Ida vfi Sdng
Ngo&i ra, dfi cd nUde phvc vu san xutft Huang tuc bdn, nhflng cae tfl bao tfy da bi

do Sfl dfin thuy cung ctfp, ngUdi dan cung cfi'm ho^t ddng Khi Xfl iiy Trung Kj^ vfla
phai ganh chiu mdt khoan thutf tUdng dtfi dUdc phyc hdi da cho ra ddi td bfio Ddn,
nfing, theo quy dinh thi "bgc 1: 4,0$; bdc 2: xufi't ban hfing tufin vfio ngfiy thfl sau tai
Hutf, Tda soan 11 Doudart de lagred, ngudi
3,5$; bdc 3:3,0$"{4)
Trong boi canh dd, phong trfio cfich sfing l^p, chu nhi^m Nguyin Dan Qutf tfl stf
mang tai Trung K^ vfio dfiu nfim 1938, d$t 1 • 15; tfl stf 16 - 17 do Nguyen XuSn Cac,
dudi sfl lanh dao ciia 3 dfiu mfii lfi Ban cfin Chl d^o bifin ttfp Phan Dfing Lim, bfi phfin
su hfin tinh Ngai - Binh - Phu; Lifin Xfl uy bidn tfip gdm nhflng d6ng chi nhU Hai
Bfic Ky - Bfic Trung Ky vfi bp phfin cfic Tritfu, Bfli San, Lfi Bdi... Vdi danh nghia lfi
ddng chi boat ddng fl Trung Ky do ddng chl "Cd quan lifin hi^p ttft ca cfic lUc lUdng etfp
Nguyen Chi Dieu - Uy vifin Trung Udng titfn trong xfl" nhung thUc chtft lfi cd quan
ngfin lufin ciia Xfl iiy, tham mUu cho cufic
(TW) Dang dflng dfiu.
Trudc tinh hinh chfla thong nhfi't nhfl vfin ddng dfin chii tai Trung Ky.
tren, tai Hpi nghi Ban Chfi'p hanh TW Dang
Bao Ddn ra mfit b^n dpc ngfiy 6-7-1938,
thang 3 - 1938 da quytft dinh Ifip l^i Xfl uy lfi bfio dupc nhitfu ddc gia nhfi't khoang
Trung K% giao 3 tinh Bfic Trung KJ (Thanh • 6.000 ban mSi stf. Vdi trpng trach kip thdi
Nghp - tinh) cho Xfl iiy Trung KJ chi d^o.
cung ctfp nhflng tin chinh xac den vdi dfic
Thuc hidn chu trUdng nfiy, dfiu thfing 4- gia, Ban bifin tfip yfiu cfiu "NhUng tin gii vi
1938, Xfl iiy Trung K^ dUpc Ifip lai do ddng ddng, xin cdc ban hdy diiu tra cdn thdn
chi Nguyin Chi Dieu Ifim Bi thU. Xfl iiy lue trUdc dd vd thudt cho dung khdng dUOc
nay ddng cd quan fl Hutf. Cuoi nfim 1938, thim, bdt ty ndo cd. Ndu sai sU thUc, ddn
ddng chi Nguy§n Chi Di^u lfim b^nh vfi qua ndi xdy ra viic gi, ngUdi ky tin phdi hodn
ddi, dong chi Le Dutfn dUdc cii lfim BI thU todn chiu trdch nhiim.
Trang Ohu m$t st tir bio cda Trung Ky gial
dotin 1936- 1139



V^ cd ddng dtfu tranh chtfng-dtf 6n thutf...
NhUng tin khdng ky tin vd chd d rd rdng
thi khdng ddng " (5).
Va de CO d^ng manh mS cho cudc v^n
dfing dan chii. Ban bifin t§p bfio kfiu gpi
"Nin doc bdo Ddn vd cd ddng cho nhiiu
ngUdi dge ".
Hudng muc dich phuc vy cupe dfi'u tranh
chong thue ciia qufin ehung, Xfl iiy Trung
Ky da tfing stf lUdng phfit hfinh bao Dfin
bfing cfich xufi't ban thfim stf bao d$c bi$t
vfio ngfiy thfl ba hfing tufin "Bdt ddu tU sd'
ndy, bdo Ddn lgi ra thim mdi tudn mdt sd'
ddc biit 2 trang ldn.
Sd' ddc biit dy se xud't bdn vdo khodng
giUa hai ky hdo thUdng nghla Id vdo thU ba.
Ddc gid nhd ddn xem nhihig di nghi cdi
cdch thud thdn cua chung tdi trong sd tdi"
(6). Gia bao mot nfim 2$00, sau thfing 1$00,
ba thang 0$50, mfit so 0$04, rifing chinh
phu va ngoai quoc thi gia ban gtfp doi.
Sau khi ra dUdc 17 stf, de'n ngfiy 7-101938 thi bfio Ddn bi Tofin quyen Dfing
Dudng rut gitfy phdp hoat dpng, budc tdi lfi
bao Dan "dd ddng nhUng tin thdt thiit gdy
xao xuydn nhdn tdm".
Sau khi bao Ddn hi ddng ciia, la'y danh
nghia la Cd quan lifin hi^p tfi't ca cac li^c
lUdng ctfp tie'n, Xfl iiy Tmng Ky da fi'n hfinh
tfl Ddn tidn lfim cd quan ngfin lufin, vu khi

chien da'u ciia minh. Bfio dUdc bifin tfip fl
Hue', in vfi phat hanh tai Sfii Gfin. Chi d^o
bien tfip Phan Dfing Luu, ThU ky tda so^n
Luu Quoe Ky, Quan ly Huj^nh Vfin Thanh.
Bao xuat ban hang tufin vfio thfl nfim, tda
scan so 46D, Nguyin Ttfn Nhiem, Sai Gdn
nay la dudng Phat Difim, in fl nhfi in Bao
Tdn. So 1 ra ngdy 27-10-1938; so 2 ra ngfiy
10-11-1938; so 3 ra ngfiy 1-1-1938; stf 4 ra
ngay 15-12-1938; stf 5 ra ngfiy 22-12-1938).
Gia bao mpt nfim 2$00, sau thang 1$00, ba
thang 0$50, mpt stf 0$04.
Nhfim muc dich co dpng manh me cupc
dfiu tranh ddi tU do dan chii, Xfl uy Trung

[III

AN m O I

€UA

ClUNIIPIIU

Ngudn: Bdo tdng Cdch mgng Viit Nam
Kjf da phat h^nh tfl Ddn mudn vfli danh
nghia td bao ciia dan. Bao dUdc bien tfip fl
Hutf, in vfi xutft ban tai Sfii Gdn, Chi dao
bifin tfip Phan Dfing Luu, Chu nhiem Phan
Vfin Tao, ThU ky tda soan Luu Quoe Ky, Toa
soan stf 196, dai IS Galieni, Sai Gdn, nay la

dudng Trfin HUng Dao, in fl nhfi in Bao Ton,
stf 1 ra ngfiy 20-12-1938, stf 2 ra ngfiy 05-11939. Gia ban mpt nfim 2$40, sau thang
1$20, ba thang 0$65, mdt so 0$05.
Xfl uy Trung Ky sau khi dUdc khfii phue
lai, da triet di sb dung bao chi cdng khai lam
vu khi each mang, tuyfin truyen dudng Ifii.
tfip hdp hudng dfin phong trao dfiu tranh ciia
qufin chung trong nhidm vu ddi bai bo ban
Du an tfing thutf cua chinh phu nfim 1938.
2. Ve CO dong cupc dtfu t r a n h chong
Dii an thutf n a m 1938
TrUdc nhflng bitfn chuyen ciia tinh hinh
trong nudc vfi the gidi, dfic bi§t dUdi anh
sang ciia chu trUdng chuyen hUdng chid'n
lUdc do D£ii hpi Ifin thfl VII cua Qud'e te
Cfing san de" ra. Trong nhflng nfim 19361939, Ban Chtfp hfinh TW Dang Cfing san
Ddng Duong da hpp Hfii nghj Ifin thfl hai
(7-1936), Ifin thfl ba (3-1937), Ifin thfl tU (9-


Rghian eiiru Lich sir, stf 8.2012
1937) vfi Ifin thfl nfim (3-1938)... dtf ra chii
trUdng dfi'u t r a n h ddi quyfin dfin chii, dfin
s i n h . B a n Chfi'p hJinh TW n h $ n djnh, cfich
m ^ n g Dfing D u d n g vfin lfi "cfich m ^ n g t u
s a n dfin quytfn - p h a n dtf vfi di^n dja - l&p
e h i n h quytfn ciia cfing nfing bfing h i n h thflc
Xfi vitft, Ai d\f bj dicu k i ^ n di tfli cfich m ^ n g
xii hdi chii nghia". Song, xdt rfing, cudc v$n
dpng qufin chflng hi§n thdi ca v^ c h i n h trj

vfi ttf chflc c h u a tdi t r i n h dd trUc titfp dfinh
do' dtf qutfc Phfip, I$p c h i n h quytfn cdng
ndng, giai quytft vtfn do ditfn dia. T r o n g khi
dd, yfiu cfiu cfi'p bfich trUdc mfit ciia nhfin
dfin ta Iflc nfiy lfi t\f do, dfin chii, cai thidn
ddi stfng. Vi vtfy, D a n g p h a i nfim Itfy nhflng
yeu cfiu nfiy dtf phfit dpng qufin c h u n g dfi'u
t r a n h , tao tien dtf dUa cfich m a n g titfn Ifin
budc cao hdn s a u nfiy.
Ve h i n h thflc td chflc vfi bi^n phfip dfi'u
t r a n h . D a n g chu trUdng p h a i c h u y a n h i n h
thfle td' chflc b l mfit k h d n g hdp p h a p s a n g
cac h i n h thflc td' chfle, dfi'u t r a n h edng k h a i ,
niia cfing k h a i , h p p p h a p vfi niia hdp p h a p ,
nhfim lfim cho D a n g mfl r d n g q u a n hd vdi
qufin c h u n g , gifio due, to chflc, l a n h d a o
qufin chflng dtfu t r a n h bfing cac h i n h thflc
va khfiu hipu thich h d p .
T r o n g k h i de r a c h u trUdng mdi d^ l a n h
dao nhfin d a n dfiu t r a n h nhfim thflc h i $ n
cac q u y e n d a n chii d a n s i n h , T W D a n g d a
dfit vfi'n dtf nhfin thflc lai mtfi q u a n h § gifla
hai n h i ^ m vu dfin tfic vfi d a n chii, p h a n dtf
vfi ditfn dia t r o n g each m a n g fl Ddng DUdng,
Qufin t r i e t dfiy dii dUdng loi cua TW, s a u
khi dao Dy tfing thutf ciia Hofing dtf Bao
Dai dupc cdng bo, Xfl u y T r u n g Ky d a v ^ n
d y n g s a n g tao cac h i n h thflc t u y e n truyfin,
ctf dpng dtfu t r a n h ddi b a i bd b a n di^ fin
thutf trfin cd q u a n n g d n lufin ciia m i n h . Vtfn

dtf chong BUU cao, thutf nfing dUdc cfic tfl
b a o t h ^ hidn vdi ndi d u n g s a t t h u c bfing
nhifi"u c h u y e n m u c khfic n h a u , tfip t r u n g
vfio mfit so nfii d u n g nhU:

joch mgng Vifl Nam
ThU nhdt. vdi chflc nfing lfi cd q u a n chi
dao vfi thtfng nhtft hfinh ddng, t h d n g qua
cfic stf bfio, Xfl iiy T r u n g Ky dfing nhitfu bai
vitft ldn a n thii d o a n ciia C h i n h phii Ifiy ed
"siia doi thutf cho cdng bfing", nhflng thflc
chtft lfi tfing n g h i a vy d d n g gdp ciia ngUdi
dfin lao ddng.
Npi d u n g nfiy thtf h i ^ n viec nfim vflng
s a c h lUpc dfi'u t r a n h do T r u n g Udng Dang
dtf r a t r o n g U n h h i n h mdi. Bfli ngfiy 26-031937, B a n Chtfp hfinh T r u n g Udng Dang
Cdng s a n Dfing DUdng r a vfin kidn Vi td
chUc mdi cua Ddng, nhfin m a n h t r o n g hofin
c a n h mdi. D a n g p h a i cd con d u d n g c h i n h tri
mdi, con d u d n g c h i n h tri mdi lai bfit budc
p h a i cd d u d n g Itfi ttf chute mdi. S a c h lUdc
cua D a n g luc nfiy lfi lifin hifip hfinh ddng
vdi cfic d a n g phfii, cac dofin thtf, cfic tfing
Idp dfin c h u n g dtf Itfp M $ t trfin t h o n g nhfit
dfin chii D d n g DUdng, chtfng c h i n h sach
thu(tc d{a da m a n ciia b p n dtf quoc, ddi
nhflng quytfn t\f do dfin chii d d n sd (tu do
n g d n lufin, hfii h p p , Ifip hdi, t i n ngUdng, di
l a i t r o n g xfl, xufi't dUdng, t u do Ifip nghiep
dofin), ddi lu|it lao d p n g , ddi a n x a bo cac

ddc quytfn, bo thutf thfin, b d t cfic thfl thutf
khfic, ddi cai t h i ^ n s i n h h o a t cho cac Idp


Ve etf ddng dtfu tranh chtfng dxf 6n thutf...

41

nhan dan (cdng, ndng, binh, tieu thUdng gia, bfinh vUc cho ngUfli dfin hoat dpng; nfio lfi
cac Idp tilu tu san, cac Idp bi ap bflc trong nhflng fing nghi ciia Dfin vipn titfn bp to ra
cfic giai ctfp khfic,...). Dfi dinh hudng dung bfinh vi^c cho dan thi hi Chinh phii tim mpi
cho cdng tfic tuyfin truyfi'n, co dfing dfip flng cfich de doa; nfio lfi sii dung cfic td bfio phan
yeu cfiu eiia tinh hinh, nhidm vy trong giai dpng dl ca tung du an vfi cii mdt etf nhfi
doan hien t^i lfi tao anh huflng to ldn ciia cfim quyen di hfinh hat tai cac dia phfldng
Dang trong qufin chung, dfip tan mpi lufin vfin ddng dan chung chfi'p thufin; nfio lfi
dieu phan ddng ciia bpn Tdrd'tkit "Nghi Chinh phii dUa ban dU fin ra Ban thudng
quyi't cua Dgi hdi thU VH cua Qudc tdCdng tri^c Dfin vipn xfit chifi'u Id, Vitft vtf hfinh
sdn bdo rdng: Phdi doi hdn nhihig phuang dpng quytft tam cua Chinh phii trong vtfn
phdp tuyin truyin cd ddng cd tinh chdt cd dfi tfing thutf, bfii bao cd doan: "Thdt the,
ddc vd it thich hop cho qudn chiing; sU tuyin chd'ng hdn vdi y kiin cua viin, mac ddu thU
truyin cd ddng phdi hiin thUc liin lac vdi trd ldi cua ban thUdng true dd to ra nhUOng
nhihig diu nhu yi'u trUc tidp vd "quyin ldi bd qud chUng, chdnhphu vdn nhdt dinh thi
hdng ngdy cua qudn chiing" (7). Dfi'n Hfii hdnh bdn dU dn mdi, khdng mdy may dem
xia tdi nhUng y kidn trong bUc thU dy. Dung
nghi Ban Chfi'p hfinh TW hpp tfl 25-8-1937
nhu ldi mgt dng nghi ng ndi trong ky hgi
de'n 4-9-1937, trfin ed sfl nhfin dinh nhflng
dong vUa rdi "Chdnh phu coi ddn • viin
mfit han chtf ve cdng tae bao chi trong thdi
nhu mdt trb hi".

diem hifin tai, dfiy manh hieu qua hoat
Ay do, ngUdi ta dd thi thddu mgi cdch di
ddng tuyfin truyfi"n, ctf dfing cua Dang, Hdi
nghi de ra chu trUdng: "TU nay ui sau, cdc bdt ddn Trung ky phdi chiu dU dn mdi" (9).
Hai Id, nhfim len tie'ng bao vfi quye"n lpi
vdn di bdn din sinh hogt vd cdc cugc van
dong qudn chung phdi diing sdch bdo cdng thiet thfle cho ngudi dan lao ddng, bfio ehi eua
khai md gidi thich. Cdc bdo bi mat cua Xfl uy da kich liet phan dtfi, cfing khai bfiy td
ddng bg kdtii'p ra, tuy nhiin chi bdn nhihig nguyen vpng, quan diem ve ban Du an thufi'
ma Chinh phii ban hanh mfit cfich trUe tifip
vdn de khdng the in cdng khai md thdi" (8).
Nh^n ro vai tro quan trpng eua bao chi hofic gian tie'p. Nhfim yeu eau Chinh phii
trong viee dinh hUdng dU lufin vfi hUflng phai bai bd hofic sia dfi'i lai cho phu hpp vfli
dan tfip hdp qufin chung, tfin dung triet de kha nfing ddng gdp eua ngUdi dan.
Ve nhifim vu nay. Dang Cpng san Ddng
nhflng die"u kipn khach quan mfi ehinh
quye"n thufic dia dem Iai, Xfl uy Trung Ky^ DUdng de ra sfich lUdc dfiu tranh qua Thdng
day manh eong tac tuyen truyen co dpng bdo vi vdn de bdu cu" vd thui'gbi cac ctfp bp
tren bao cdng. Bfli vfiy, ngay khi ban dU an Dang ngfiy 25-02-1938. Trung Udng Dang
thue dUdc cdng bo, tren bao Dan muon, so chl ro: "Vu thue ndm nay dd tdi, hdt thdy cdc
1, da cd bai vifi't: Chinh phu Trung - ky dd cdp bg Ddng diu cd nhiim vu ldnh dao qudn
ddng cdch gi de bdt ddn Trung - ky phdi chung ddi miin thud thdn cho ddn ngheo,
tdng thud, phan tich sau sfic nhflng bifin ddi gidm thud cho cdc tdng Idp tieu tU sdn,
phfip mfi Chinh phu sii dung de budc dan ddi thi hdnh chd do thud ddn chu, ddnh thud
luy tidn ddi vdi lai tUc nhdm bdt ngUdi gidu
phai chiu gfinh nfing thutf khda. Vfi nhfim
phdi chiu thud dung mUc. O nhitng vdng hi
dat muc dich, Chinh phu khfing trfl mpt
lut hay bi hgn hdn, phdi ddi miin thud thdn
thu doan nfio: dd lfi khung bo, giam cfim,

ngoai li cho tdt cd ddn cdy, ddi xda na vd bo
bat bd, danh dfip, ktft fin nhflng ngUdi
hdn thud diin thd cho trung vd bdn ndng.
chong doi; nao lfi cfim td bfio Ddn, cd quan


Rghian curu Lleh sCr. stf 8.2012
Cdc ifdVi^ chi si phdi cdnh gidc han, khdn
kheo hdn trong qud trinh cdng tdc cua minh
di kit hpp dU<^ chdt che cd hai phong trdo
ddi gidm thudvd ddi md rdng chddd bdu cii",
ddi cdc quyin t\C do ddn chu cho todn thi
nhdn ddn" (10). Dfi'n thfing 3-1938, HOi nghj
ciia Ban Trung Udng Dang C^ng san Dfing
DUdng dtf ra Nghj quytft ve cdng tfic vfin
dpng ndng dfin trong giai doan hi^n t^i,
nhfi'n manh; "Phdi tiiy trinh dg cua qudng
dgi ndng ddn md dUa ra nhUng khdu hiiu
cho thich h<^ vdi tdm ly vd quyin lpi thidt
thuc md hiiu tricu hg, nhu cdi cdch sUu thud
theo Idl ddn chu gidm dia td vd miin hdn
sUu thud, dia td, hodn nd,..., cho nhiing nOi
bi hgn, bi lut, ddi chia cdng diin cho ndng
ddn, chd'ng nhUng sU phii thu lam bd vd
cudng hdo dp bUc vd gidi thich cho hg rd
nhiing lOi ich cua sU dodn kdt md thdu nap
hg tham gia cdc phong trdo tranh ddu, vdo
hdng ngd td chUc... d Trung Ky phdi phdt
ddng phong trdo cdi cdch sUu thud" (11).
Quan trifit nghifim tuc duflng Itfi lanh dao

ciia Trung Udng Dang, vfi'n dfi dfiu tranh ddi
bai bo, thay dtfi ban Du fin thutf, dUpc cfic
bao dfing nhifi'u bfii b^ng nhiSng l^ le sfic
bdn, cd tinh thuytft phyc. Tidu bieu lfi: Mdt
vdi y kidn ddi vdi sU cdi cdch sUu thud d
Trung Ky, bao Ddn, so 7 ngdy 19-08-1938;
Mot vdi y kidn ddi vdi sU siia ddi thud thdn d
Trung Ky, Ddn diiu tra: Ve thud chd d Phan
Thidt, bao Ddn, stf 8 ngfiy 26-08-1938;
Chung tdi vdi vdn di cdi cdch thud thdn, bao
Ddn, sd 10 ngay 06-09-1938; Mgt vdi y kidn
vi sU sia ddi thue thdn d Trung Ky, bfio Ddn
mudn, sd 2 ngky 05-01-1939... Mgt vdi y kidn
vi sU sia ddi thue thdn d Trung Ky, Vi thud
chd d Phan thidt, bfio Dan, so 8 ngfiy 26-081938; Chung tdi vdi vdn di cdi cdch thd thdn,
bao Ddn, sd 10 ngfiy 06-09-1938; Diin tin
gii ve Ddn viin Trung ky, bfio Ddn, stf 14
ngfiy 20-09-1938; Ddn Qudng Tri kSu ciu;

Dan ciia 160 ngUdi gii cho quan khdm si
Trung • ky yiu cdu gidm thud, bfio Ddn
mudn, stf 2 ngfiy 05-01-1939...
Dtf bfiy td nhflng nguyan vong chinh
dfing cua ngufli dfin lfim dupc ban htf cfic
quyin ti^ do, dfin chii thdng qua nhflng cu$c
cai cfich ciia nhfi cfim quytfn. NhUng cudc
cfii cfich thutf khda mfi Chinh phii ban btf
nflm 1938, chfing nhflng dem l^i quytfn lpi
cho ngufli lao d^ng mfi cdn dfiy hp vfio con
dudng bfin cflng, Vi le dd, qua bfio Ddn

ngfiy 2-9-1938, cdng khai bfiy td quan dilm
phan dtfi: "Thdt chdng tdi khdng hiiu vi sao
ding trUdc tinh thd hiin thdi Chinh phu lgi
chu trUang nhing cudc cdi cdch khdng thoa
mdn nhu thd.
Cdi cdch Id cdn thidt.
Chung tdi rdt mong cdi cdch, song cht
tdn thdnh nhing cugc cdi cdch that cd lai
cho ddn md thdi" (12).
Cdn trfin bfio DSn, stf dflc bipt ra ngfiy 69-1938, vdi mdt thfii dp cam thfing sau sfic
vtf nhflng noi kho ciia ngudi dfin lao dfing,
qua nhflng dfin chflng thuytft phyc, bfii bfio
da chl ra cac bien phfip mfi Chinh phii thflc
thi de dl vd vfit thutf khda, cfing khai phe
binh, chl ra nhflng dilm mfip mfl, thitfu
chinh xfic vtf mpt stf difiu quy dinh trong
ban Du fin tren "Xet vi phUOng dien bdi tri
cua bdn dU dn cua chdnh phii chung tdi
thd'y cd nhiiu khuyit nghi vd cd chd phdt
bieu khdng rd rdng: Trong khodn 2 vd
khodn 6 ndi vi nhing ngUdi cdy cdy rudng
cdng phdi chiu thud, khdng thdy chi ra mdt
each rdnh mgch cdy cdy rugng cdng bao
nhiiu sdo, mdu mdi phdi chiu thud ty li?
Trong dy cdng khdng chi ro nhing ngUdi
khdng cd rugng ddt tU chi cdy cdy do 1, 2
sdo rudng ddt cdng cd phdi ddng thue2$50
khdng?" (13). Trgn cd sfl phan tich khoa hpc
tfy, cutfi cung bfii bao dtf nghi phai siia dtfi
thutf cho phfl hpp theo phUdng fin mfi Hfii



Vi cd d$ng dtfu tranh ehtfng dy to thutf...
ddng Thudng true Vi^n dfin biiu Trung K^ phdi md rdng quyin hgn cua Ddn viin, bao
dua ra, nhfim giam gfinh dfing gdp thutf Dfin, stf 8, ngfiy 26-8-1938; Chung tdi yiu
cdu Ddn viin nhit thiet phdn ddi viic tdng
khda cho ngUfli dan lao ddng.
Ngofii ra, vific tfing thud' difi"n thtf ciia gia thud diin thd, bfio Ddn, sd 10 ngfiy 6-9Chinh phii, cung da bi bfio chl ldn titfng 1938; TrUdc vd'n di thud thdn - Viin ddn
phan dtfi quyg't li^t. Dudi ngdi biat sfic sao biiu Trung Ky dd thdng nhdt lUc lUc luang
cila cfic chifi'n sy cdng san trdn m^t trfin eo vd to thdi dd binh vUc cho ddn chung, Diin
dfing, tuyfin truytfn nhflng lufin digu Ifla tin gii vi Ddn viin Trung Ky, bfio Dan, stf
hip qua efii gpi Ifi "cdi cdch thud cho cdng 14 ngfiy 20-09-1938; Cdc dng nghi Trung bang" cua giai ctfp thtfng trj da h\ phdi bfiy ky diu phdn ddi dU dn mdi cua chdnh phu;
trfldc du lufin "Xet dU dn thud diin thd bfio Ddn mudn, stf 1, ngfiy 29-12-1938...
chung tdi khdng thdy to ra rdng chdnh phu
Tren bao Ddn, stf 9, sau khi dfing nguyen
mudn cdi thiin nghgch thud diin thd cho vfin tofin bp npi dung ciia ban Du an cai cfieh
duac cdng bang han trudc, trdi lgi tii hgng vtf thutf thfin dtfi vdi ngudi An Nam gdm 12
khoan, thi cflng ngay trfin so bfio nry cd bfii
nhdt ddn hgng chdt diu mdt mUc tdng gia.
Chdnh phu noi rang sd di phdi ddnh Sia ddi thud thdn, lfi y kien eua ng''^i dan
thud Id vi hiin gid ta lan bdn chay vd duac Thanh Hda c6 chfl ky cua 26 ngfldi dai dien,
gid han trUdc. Chiing tdi tudng cdi ly do edng khai bfiy to nguyen vpng phai siia ddi
thutf sao cho phu hdp vfli nghia vu vfi sfle
viin ra do khdng cd gi chinh ddngcd...
Trong khi ddn chung kiu ca vi mdy gfinh vac cua hp. NgUdi dan xfl Thanh dtf
khodn biin phdp phu ngp, trong khi chinh nghi Itfy thutf thfin tofin ky nfim 1938 lam
phu dinh dUa vdo thud diin thd di cdi cdch dieh ma chia ra lfim hai each thu; Mpt la,
chd do thud thdn cho cdng bdng han chung tien linh tuy than phie'u, chi tfl 18 dfi'n 60
tufi'i mfii ngfldi moi nfim 0$ 50 (trfl nhflng
tdi cho sU tdng thud diin thd Id mdt viic rdt

ngudi tan tfit). Hai la, trfl so thu vtf khoan
khdng hap thdi. Chung tdi yiu cdu cdc dng
tren cdn bao nhieu Itfy vao tie'n ldi tfle trong
nghi Trung Ky nhdt thiet phdn ddi dU dn
mtfy phfin trfim bfing theo thue die"n tho,
tdng thud diin thddy" (14).
thufi' tho trach, thutf mdn bai.... lUdng bong
Ba la, ngofii vi^c len tieng trUc titfp phan
cfing chflc cfing nhfin fl cfic cfing tU sd.
doi, Xfl iiy Trung K^ cdn khdo ldo sii dung
Ciing ehu dtf nay, Xfl uy Trung Ky da
bao chi de dfi'u tranh true tifi'p vdi cfic dai
biiu Dan vien tifi'n bd, ktft hdp dtfu tranh cfing khai nguypn vpng yeu cfiu giam thutf
qua bfio chi vfi tieng nfii phan dfii ciia cfic eua nhan dan phu Duy XuySn, tinh Quang
dan bieu trong cac phien hpp Hpi ddng Dfin Nam qua bfii bfio Dan cua 160 ngUdi gdi
vien, tao ra sfle manh td'ng hdp, tid'ng ndi cho quan khdm si Trung Ky yeu cdu gidm
dong thufin ddi bai bo dU fin thutf, bao vfi thud, trfin Ddn mud'n, stf 02 ngay 05-01quyen ldi chinh dfing cho nhan dfin lao 1939. Trong ddn cd doan vifi't: "... Chung tdi
Id vd ' sdn, tieu • sdn vd tiiu thUOng mgi
dpng. Ddng thfli, vdi chflc nfing thfing tin,
phu Duy Xuyen tinh Qj.dng - nam, nhan
bao chi Xfl uy thfli gian nfiy kip thfli phan
ngdy 30 Novembre chung tdi duac nghe ldi
finh nhflng tin tflc ndng htfi, cu thi vfi
biiu du trong hai dU dn thud mdi cua hai vi
chinh xac ve cac hoat ddng chtfng thutf ciia
thu • hien bdn tinh hieu tgi phu chiing tdi.
qufin chflng nhfin dfin cfic dia phUdng
Chung tdi lay ldm hodng - hdn lo sd, vi
nhfim ctf vu phong trfio dfiu tranh chung.
Dd lfi cfic bfii viet tieu biiu; Dd den luc cdn hai du dn dy se ldm cho ddn chung tdi cdt



Rghian cim Ljch 3i>. atf 8.2012
ddu khdng ndi nin kinh trgng mdy lift hi ro
sU thiit hgi, yiu cdu Ngdi lUThud nay cdc thi thud diu ldm cho ddn
chung ddi khd. Thud thdn Id m^t thi thud bdt
cdng cua ddi phong kidn dd lgi; cdc nUdc vdn
minh diu bo hdng, chi cd ddn chung tdi d
dudi cai tri cua nUdc Dai phdp phdi chiu
(nUdc ddn chung dd ditng bao lUc giai phdng,
thodt khdi dch phong kidn) Thud diin dd bi
tdng lin nhiiu ldn hi^n nay mdi mdu de'n
2$50, cao bdng rUdi thud rudng Nam Ky...".
Ngofii ra, Xfl iiy Trung K^ da chu LrUdng
lanh d^o qufin chung dfi'u tranh dUdi cfic
hinh thflc mit tinh, biiu tinh, giii ban dfin
nguyan ddi bfii bd di^ fin tfing thutf dtfy Ifin
sdi ntfi tai cfie dia phUdng. Dufli sfle dp ciia
du lufin bfio chl vfi dfiu tranh kich ligt cua
cfic dfin biiu titfn bfi, ban di^ fin tfing thutf
thfin vfi thutf dien tho dfiu tien cua Chinh
phii ban hfinh da bi bac bd thay bfing Ban
du fin mdi phu hdp kha nfing ddng gdp ciia
ngudi dan. Thdng tin vtf thfing ldi nfiy, bfio
Ddn, dua tin tudng thufit:"... 8 gid toi, sau
khi nhihig ngUdi thay mat chinh phu ra vi,
dng Ngd Dgm dUng lin ddng dg.c ndi:
Chung ta cdn phdi ldy todn lUc md ddi phd.
Chung ta thay mat ddn md ndi gi chinh

phu cdng khdng nghe cbn ldm ddn biiu ldm
gi cho xdu ho. Tdi yiu cdu todn viin gidi
tdn di. Tieng vd tay rdm lin.
Ong Vd Dinh Thuy xin di nghi vidt thU
cho quan Khdm SU. dng Li Thanh Cdnh
di nghi ban Tri sU di yi't kidn Quan Khdm
di phdn trdn cho ngdi rd.
Todn Viin tdn thdnh y kidn cda' dng
Cdnh. Ong Phan Thanh dUa ra mdt bdn
quyi't nghi gom 4 diiu yiu cdu Viin biiu
quyet
1) Vien dd hdt sic tdn thdnh nguyin tdc
cdi cdch thud thdn;
2} NhUng sau khi xet dU dn cua chinh phu,
thdy nd cd hgi md khdng cd ldi cho ddn
chdng, nen Viin dd dong thanh bdc dU dn dy;

3) Vi^n cd thdo ra m^t bdn phdn du dn
(contreprje), yiu cdu chinh phu dUa theo dd
md cdi cdch ch^ dd thud khod, nhUng cdc
quan dgi di^n trd ldi khdng du thi gid dUa
ra mdt bdn di^ dn khdc;
4) Vi^n tuyin bd ndu chinh phu nhdt
dinh thi hdnh dU dn cua chinh phu thi
Viin hodn todn khdng chiu trdch nhi^m.
Todn Vi$n vd tay hoan nghinh " (15).
3. Ktft lutfn
M^c dfiu BM trinh bily fl day chi dflng lai
trfin nhflng etf bfio mfi tfic gia cd dflpc trong
stf lupng ldn bfio ehi do Xfl iiy Trung KJ

phfit hfinh qua cao trfio vfin d^ng dfin chii,
nhUng budc dfiu chung ta cd thfi rut ra mdt
so ktft lutfn sau:
Mdt Id, s\i dyng kha nfing hpp phap do
thfing lpi ciia Mfit trfin nhfin dan d Phap
dem lai, nhflng ngUfli cpng san Trung KJ
da Bii dyng bao chi thfinh cdng cu sfic bdn,
vu khi dfi'u tranh cfich mang, tuyen truyen
duflng loi, tfip hdp hUdng dfin phong qufin
ehung trong qufi trinh lanh d^o dtfu tranh
ddi ti^ do, dfin chu, cai thitfn dfin sinh nhtft
la vfin de cai thidn thutf khda. Dua tren
phong dfi'u tranh sdi ntfi eiia qufin chung,
bfio chi mdi do Xfl iiy lanh dao Ifin dfiu tifin
ra khdi bdng tdi cua hoat dpng bi mdt,
gianh dupc dia vi hpp phfip trfin cfic diln
dfin edng khai.
Hai Id, nfim vflng vu khi tU tuflng Mfic Lfinin vfi quan diem ciia Dang, cfic nhfi bfio
cpng ean vfi cam Unh Dang t^i Trung Kj^ da
mfl cudc titfn cfing manh li^t chtfng l^i nhiing
thu doan bdc l^t nhfi't la vtf thutf khda ciia
thi^c dfin Phfip vfi tay sai. Nhfin sU kidn
Chinh phii ban hfinh Di^ fin tfing thutf thfin
vfi thutf die"n tho nfim 1938, bfio chi ciia Xfl
iiy Trung K;^ da Ifin titfng bao v$ nhflng ldi
ich cd ban eho ngUfli dfin lao ddng nghdo
kho, qua hfing lo^t bfii vitft vfli nhflng
chuyfin muc khfic nhau nhung dtfu tfip trung
chia mui nhpn dfi'u tranh doi bai bo ban dU



V^ ctf d^ng dtfu tranh chtfng du 6n thutf...
the, ctf d d n g tfip t h e mfi cdn lfi ngfldi ttf

sfiu rdng, u y t i n ciia D a n g t r o n g qufin

chflc tfip t h i .
Q u a bfio chl cua Xfl iiy T r u n g Ky, a n h
huflng ciia D a n g t r o n g nhfin dfin ngfiy thfim

chiing ngfiy m^t cao, dfiy la cd sfl quyfi't
d i n h cho nhflng thfing lpi mdi eiia cfich
m a n g Vidt N a m vtf s a u .

CHU

THtCH

(1), (2), (3), (4), (6, (6). Bfio Ddn. stf 9, ngfly 2-91938.

(12). Bfli vitft "Chung tOi vdt vdn di cdi cdch
thai thdn ", trSn bflo Ddn, aS" 10, ra ngfly 6-9-1938,

(7), (8). (10), CU). Dang C§ng san Vi^t Nam,
Vdn ki^n Ddng todn tdp. t^p 6 (1936 - 1939). Nxb.

(13). Bfli vifi't "Chung idi yiu cdu Ddn vi^n
nhitt thiit phdn ddi gia tdng thuidiin thd", bflo
Ddn. atf 10, ngfly 6-9-1938,


Chfnh trj QuS'c gia, Kk N^i. 2000, tr. 157, 292,
340, 356.
(9). Bflo Ddn tidn, atf 1. ngfly 27-10-1938
(10). Bflo Odn mud'n. sfi" 1, ngfly 29-12-1938,

(14). Bfli vi6't 'Todn thi Ddn viin Trung Ky dd
bdc dif dn thui thdn chdnh phu. Du dn cua dng
Phan - Thanh dUpc todn Vi^n chudn y", bflo Ddn.
stf 14, ra ngfly 20-9-1938.

THANG LONG - Hi^ Ndi - vi THCUCH sur..
(Tiip thea trang 26)

8. Khang chid'n chong Nguyen (1285)
9. Khflng chie'n chong NguySn (1287-1288)
10. Khang chie'n chong Mmh (1406-1407)
11. Khang chitfn chong Xifim (1784-1785)
12. Khang chien chong Thanh (1788-1789)
13. Khang chifn chSng Phflp (1858-1883)
14. Khang chign chSng Phap (1945-1954)
15. Khang chign chSbg M? (1954-1975)
16. Chien tranh bign gidi phfa Tay Nam (1979)
17. Chign tranh biSn gidi phia B^c (1979).
Th&i Bflc thu^c, neu Wnh nhiing cuoc khflng
chitfn tha't bai cila chinh quy^n d6c l$p thflnh l^p
sau thing lai ciia khdi nghia dan t$c thi phai k l
thSm khflng chitfn cua chfnh quyen TrUng ViJdng,
cua nhfl nu6c V?n Xufin, cua chfnh quyin Mai Hflc

De, Phing HiJng. DSy cung chUa tfnh nhiing cu9c

chign tranh giiia Dai Vi?t v6i Champa, Chfln Lap d
phia Nam.
(28), H 6 Chf Minh, Tuyen ngdn d^c lap, tflp 4,
trong Hd Chi Minh todn tdp, Nxb. Chfnh tri Quoc
gia, HflNQi, 2002,tr. 4.
(29). Mat nhfl ba Tien si, eiing trilu bfi'n
Thilijng thu. Btfn ThUflng thU cfing trieu Ifl:
Nguyin Huy Nhu^n, Dofln Quang Dung, Cao
DKdng Tr^c, Trinh Ba Tudng,
(30). Theo Biii Xuan Dfnh, Gido due vd khoa ci
Nho hgc Thdng Long - Hd Ndi, Nxb. Hfl Noi, Hfl
Npi, 2010, tr. 807-810.
(31). Cam dn GS Ngdn ngQ h9c Dofln Thi^n
T h u | t da giiip khfli quat qua trinh hinh thflnh vfl
dfic dilm cila tigng n6i HS N$i nh\l trfin.