Kĩ năng giao tiếp thành thạo Presentation skills
Bạn đang xem bản rút gọn của tài liệu. Xem và tải ngay bản đầy đủ của tài liệu tại đây (671.43 KB, 36 trang )
Presentation Skills
John A Kirby
Graduate School
Faculty of Medical Sciences
University of Newcastle
Types of Presentation
•
•
•
Scientific conference
– Invited talk (30 minutes)
– Talk selected from abstracts (10 minutes)
– Presentation of poster (2-3 minutes)
Teaching
– Any level
Fund raising
– Lay audience
Types of presentation
• Scientific conference
– Invited talk (20 – 45 minutes)
– Talk selected from abstracts (10 minutes)
– Presentation of poster (2-3 minutes)
• Teaching
– At any level, for any time
• Fund raising
– Lay audience
Purpose of a 10 minute research
presentation
• To broadcast your results and conclusions
• To impress your peers
– You have a ‘captive’ audience of experts
• To make your name
– Increase likelihood of employment or further funding
What can go wrong?
• You only get one shot
– You must rehearse and KEEP TO TIME!
• You are tempted to show off how clever you
are
• You try to discuss every experiment you have
ever done
• You bore your audience and they stop liking
you
• When you stop you are immediately forgotten
‘Timekeeper’ slides
This lecture lasts for 45 minutes. If all slides take the same time (check during rehearsal)
you need to be at slide 15(ish) after 22 minutes. If you reach this too soon you can slow down.
Mechanics
• Check out the microphone
– Fixed or radio?
• How does the pointer work
• Make sure you understand PowerPoint
– How will your slides advance (or go back)?
– There may be no keyboard on the lectern
• Most big conferences only give you a mouse
to control slide advance
– MAKE SURE you have enabled the advance by
mouse click facility!
Other problems
• Many big conference centres still have
problems with Apple Mac computers
– Yes, I know they are compatible. But….
• Use Office 97 (unless otherwise instructed)
– If you use the latest version, save in compatibility
mode (but even this is not always reliable!)
The voice of (hard) experience
• If the audience understand why your results
are important they will feel clever and good
about themselves - they will like you!
• If the audience do not understand your talk
they will assume it is your fault - they will
blame you.
Be enthusiastic!
• If you are not enthusiastic about your own
work, you cannot expect anyone else to be!
• Enthusiastic gestures can be quite endearing
(and memorable) on stage. Don’t overuse
them though!
Dos and Don’ts
• Do keep it simple
– One point made well is better than 10 made
badly
• Less can sometimes be more
• Do ask yourself what you hope a member of
the audience will remember about you on the
plane home (the 37,000 feet test…)
• Do make your slides clear
• Do work with your slides
– Use the laser pointer boldly
Rehearse
• Not in front of the bathroom mirror
• Use a seminar room or lecture theatre
• Rope in an audience
– Friends, members of the group
– Listen to what they say
Dos and Don’ts
• Don’t speak too rapidly/too quietly
• Don’t use passive body language
• Don’t hide behind the lectern
• Don’t turn your back to the audience
• Don’t read your presentation
• Don’t abuse your audience
– ‘I’m sorry but this slide is very busy…..’
– ‘those of you at the back might not be able to see
this faint band on the gel…..’
Hard truths
• Conferences are exhausting!
– Can be hundreds of talks in multiple parallel sessions
over several days
– Your audience is possibly jet-lagged, hung-over and fed
up
• As a 1st time speaker your chance may come at
16:30 on the last day
– Unfair but you CAN’T control this
• Poor data presented well can seem better than
wonderful results hidden by a poor talk!
– Unfair but you CAN control this!
This is slide 15 – am I on time?
What should you do?
• Make nice clear slides
– If you are nervous aim for 1 per minute
– If you are less nervous use fewer
• Don’t read from the slides!
• Link one slide to the next
– If possible anticipate the next slide before moving to
it
• this keeps the audience engaged
• gives the talk a coherent structure
Structure of the talk
• Title
– Introduce yourself so everyone remembers your
name!
• Introduction
– Key bullet points only
• Aims
– Must link to your conclusion
– There is no point aiming to do something that
fails!
Structure of the talk
• Title
– Introduce yourself so everyone remembers your
name!
• Introduction
– Key bullet points only
• Aims
– Must link to your conclusion
– There is no point aiming to do something that
fails!
Structure of the talk
• Title
– Introduce yourself so everyone remembers your
name!
• Introduction
– Key bullet points only
• Aims
– Must link to your conclusion
– There is no point aiming to do something that
fails!
• Methods
– Keep these very simple
– Details will be published in due course!
• Results
– Key findings only
– Don’t use too many sets of data
– Make results visually clear
– Avoid multi-coloured graphs
– People at the back of the hall must be able to see
your data
– Avoid too many error bars and ‘p’ values
• If you say something increases/decreases the
audience must believe you!
What’s wrong?
• Discussion
– Only use a few key bullet points only
• Conclusion
– Make very clear
– Must satisfy your aims
– Remember, this is when many in the audience
wake up and take notice!
• Acknowledgements
– Make your group seem big, important and well
funded
Are there any questions?
• Avoid the ‘phew, its all over’ feeling before
answering your questions!
• Listen carefully
– if you can’t hear or understand ask the
chairperson for help
• If you are not sure of the answer steer the
discussion to safe ground
• Don’t be afraid of stating that you do not
know!
