Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y

Lesson 1.

THAI NGUYEN UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE AND FORESTRY
Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry (TUAF), as a member of
the Thai Nguyen University, was established in 1970 with the name of Thai Nguyen
College of Agricultural Technology. In 1972, under the decision No. 750/VP/15 of
the Prime Minister of Vietnam, its name was changed into BacThai University of
Agriculture No. III. Since 1994, under decision No. 31/CP its name has become Thai
Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry.
Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry is an educational and
research institute for agriculture, forestry, environment and resources technology and
management. The goal of the University is to provide highly-educated manpower,
research and technology in fields of agriculture, rural development, environment and
resources management for sustainable development of Vietnam, especially the North
Mountainous Region of Vietnam.
Through nearly four decades of development, TUAF has been experiencing
growth in qualitative and quantitative aspects. The University has been recognized as
one of leading national agricultural universities in Vietnam.

As a result, the

University has been granted some noble awards from the Vietnamese Communist
Party and the Government such as the Third Class Labor Medal, the Second Class and
the First Class Medals in 1990, 1995 and 2000 respectively. For these achievements,
the University was given the Third Class Independence Medal in 2005. This is a good
honor fully deserved by all the University staff and students. Thus, the University
staff and students are working hard to develop the Thai Nguyen University of
Agriculture and Forestry to become a leading Center in education, training and
technical transfer in the area of Agriculture, forestry, environment and resource

management towards industrialization and modernization.
In pursuit of excellence in education, researches and public services, TUAF is
continuously attempting to improve the quality of education and research programs to
meet the demand of global integration and market oriented labor demands.
Diversifying education and training programs, improving training curricula and
teaching methods and upgrading research facilities have been recognized as the key
issues for the development of the University in the 21st century. The development of
1




Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y

international cooperation is being promoted to improve the capacity of the University
staff, training program and curricula, and research facilities.
As the mission and foundation of TUAF, we will be continuing our tradition of
excellence in research and education. We hope that you will join us to make a
prospective future for NMR and Vietnam.
The main goal of Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry is to
provide highly qualified staff and researchers in the area of agriculture and forestry
and technical and management for Northern mountainous provinces of Vietnam.
Since its establishment, the University has continuously developed and became the
leading Center of education and training in the region. At the beginning, the
University provided training only for bachelor degrees of Agronomy and Animal
Husbandry. Today, the University provides training for different degree levels such as
Doctor of Philosophy (Ph.D.), Master's, Bachelor, and Diploma with 17 different
training areas. After 35 years, the University has completed 2 PhD, 4 Master's, 16
Bachelor and many Diploma courses with the total graduates of 12,966 Bachelors,
232 Master's and PhDs.

Since year 2000, the University has implemented four (4) national-level
research projects, 137 ministry-level research projects and 323 university-level
research projects, 48 projects with government organizations and international nongovernment organizations, and 106 projects of technical transfer in the region. The
University has close relationship with all Northern provinces, and relevant ministries
in the areas of agriculture, education and training, aquaculture and rural development.
In the context of global integration, the University has successfully established
relationship with many universities, institutions and organizations in the world from
Germany, Canada, United States of America, Thailand, Korea, Australia, Netherlands,
China, Japan, and other countries in order to improve the quality of education,
research and training through cooperation and exchange activities. The University has
always paid high attention to the development of staff in quantity and quality as well
as planning for well-balanced teaching and service staff. The teaching staff is 268,
one (1) of which is a Professor, 16 are Associate professors, 52 are Doctors, the
remaining are Master's degree holders and some teaching assistants have Bachelor
degrees. About 30% of teaching staff can communicate in English in their work and
teaching. The number of service staff is 124. The number of students in 2006 was
2




Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y

more than 8000. The full time students were more than 4000 and graduate students
were 198.
In order to meet the requirements for industrialization and modernization of
the agriculture sector, the University has developed a comprehensive development
strategy in the mobilization and effective use of resources to make an innovative
change in training programs and teaching methods, and ensure the adequate quantity
and quality of staff for successful completion of key training and technical transfer

programs such as biotechnology, post harvest and processing technology, resource
management, and others.
The Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry has always
successfully completed the tasks given by the State and Government. The University's
party committee has been recognized by Thai Nguyen provincial committee Party as a
good and strong party committee for many years.

Lesson 2

GENERAL INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE FACULTY OF
ANIMAL HUSBANDRY AND VERERINARY MEDICINE
I. Reading comprehension:
The Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine was established in
1970. It was amongst 6 academic departments in Bac Thai University of Agriculture
and Forestry at that time. Its mission is to Train, research and technology transfer in
fields of animal sciences and veterinary medicine, and aquaculture. The Faculty of
Animal science and veterinary medicine has had 38 years experience in training,
research, extension and integration activities. It has recruited a major number of
competent veterinarians and agricultural engineers who have enthusiastically
contributed to the health and well- being of animals as well as humans in the northern
part of Vietnam.
The Faculty of Animal science and Veterinary Medicine consist of 6 academic
departments included:
1. Animal Physiology and Biochemistry
2. Animal Genetics – Breeding - Feed
3. Animal husbandry science
3





Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y

4. Infectious Pathology
5. Veterinary Pharmacology
6. Valuable and Rare Animal Husbandry - Aquaculture
The educational service facilities are:
- Practical laboratories in each department use for subject practical lessons.
- 01 Central laboratory.
- Centre for agriculture experiment and practices
About human resource: The Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary
Medicine has 47 staff members, in which there is one professor, 6 associate
professors, 25 senior lecturers holding Ph.D. and MSc. degrees, 14 teaching
assistants, 2 Technicians and 989 full – time students.
II. Vocabulary
1. Husbandry: ['h

zbəndri] :

Công việc chăn nuôi, nghề chăn nuôi

2. Veterinary: 'vetərineri :

Thú y

3. Veterinarian: [,vetəri'neəriən]:

Bác sĩ thú y

4. Medicine: ['medisn]:


Y học, y khoa

5. Establish: [is'tæbli∫]:

Lập, thành lập, thiết lập, kiến lập

6. Agriculture: ['ægrik lt∫ə]:
7. Forestry: ['f

Nông nghiệp

ristri]: Khoa học và công việc trồng, quản lý rừng; lâm nghiệp

8. Mission: ['mi∫n]:

Sứ mệnh, nhiệm vụ

9. Concern: [kən'sə:n] :

Liên quan

10. Theoretical: [,θiə'retikl]:(thuộc):

Lý thuyết; có tính chất lý thuyết

11. Practical: ['præktikl]:

Thực hành (đối với lý thuyết


12. Prevention: [pri'ven∫n]:

Sự ngăn ngừa, sự ngăn trở

13. Diagnosis: [,daiəg'nousis]:
14. Treatment : ['tri:tmənt]:

(y học) phép chẩn đoán; sự chẩn đoán
Sự đối xử, sự đối đãi, sự cư xử (với người nào)

15. Disease: [di'zi:z]:

Bệnh của cơ thể

16. Science: ['saiəns]:

Khoa học

17. Aquaculture: [,ækwə'k

lt∫ə]:

Nghề nuôi trồng thuỷ sản
4




Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y


18. Extension: [iks'ten∫n] :

Sự mở rộng

19. Integration: [,inti'grei∫n] : [,inti'grei∫n]: sự hoà hợp với môi trường, sự hội
nhập
20. Competent: ['k mpitənt]:

Thạo; rành; giỏi

21. Contribute: [kən'tribju:t]:

Đóng góp, góp phần

22. Health: [helθ]:

Sức khoẻ

23. Create: [kri:'eit]:
24. Buffalo: ['b

Tạo, tạo nên, tạo ra, tạo thành, sáng tạo

fəlou]:

Con trâu

25. Cattle: ['kætl] : Loại động vật có sừng và móng chẻ như bò, nuôi để lây sữa
hoặc ăn thịt; gia súc
26. Biochemistry: [,baiou'kemistri]:

27. Pharmacology: [,f :mə'k

Khoa hoá sinh

lədʒi]: Khoa dược lý (nghiên cứu tác dụng của

thuốc lên cơ thể)
28. Infrastructure: [,infrə'str kt∫ə]: Các bộ phận, thiết bị phụ thuộc, tạo thành cơ
sở của một hệ thống, cơ sở hạ tầng
29. Laboratory: [lə'b

rətəri]: Phòng thí nghiệm; phòng pha chế

30. Experiment: [iks'periment]:

Thực nghiệm

31. Analysis: [ə'næləsis]:

Sự phân tích; phép phân tích

32. Rare: [reə]:
33. Culture: ['k

Hiếm
lt∫ə]: Sự cấy (vi khuẩn); số lượng vi khuẩn cấy; mẻ cấy vi khuẩn

34. Microorganism: [,maikrou' :gənizm]: Sinh vật nhỏ đến nỗi chỉ thấy được qua
kính hiển vi; vi sinh vật
35. Senior: ['si:niə]: Nhiều tuổi hơn; cao hơn về cấp bậc hoặc chức quyền...; lâu

năm hơn, thâm niên hơn
36. Lecturers: ['lekt∫ərə]:

Giảng viên đại học

37. Staff: [st

Cán bộ

:f]:

III. Exercise
Practice 1: Answer the following questions
1. When was the Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine established?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
5




Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y

2. What are the missions of the Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary
Medicine?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
3. What did the Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine achieve?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

4. How many academic departments does the Faculty of Animal Husbandry and
Veterinary Medicine have? What academic departments?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
5. How many infrastructures does the Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary
Medicine have?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
IV. Assignment.
1. From all above possible information, write a short message about FASVM
(preferably 50 words) to summarize what you have learned from the passage.

6




Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y

Lesson 3

OVER VIEW OF ANIMAL SCIENCES
I. Reading comprehension:
Animal agriculture is a significant portion of agriculture production. Related
research, education and extension activities are continually changing to address new
challenges and opportunities brought about by rapidly advancing technologies,
evolving consumer demand, and the need to make positive contributions to
environmental, human, and animal health. Efficient, science-based animal agriculture
translates into affordable and high-quality food for the consumer. Researchers
collaborate with industry and other interested parties to develop and disseminate

knowledge and methods to improve agriculturally relevant animal systems.
Animal Breeding, Genetics & Genomics: Animal protein is essential in
meeting escalating nutritional needs around the world. Animal Breeding, Genetics &
Genomics research focuses on desirable genetic animal traits that have revolutionized
poultry, livestock, and fish production. These genetic traits include animals that are
leaner; have increased disease resistance; or excel in growth rate or the production of
eggs, meat, milk, wool, or mohair. The natural efficiency of an animal to use

7




Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y

nutrients in its feed could affect the nutrients in the manure and thus affect the
environment.
Animal Nutrition and Growth: Inefficient nutrient intake by animals is
financially and environmentally costly in animal operations from livestock farms to
fish farms. It not only hurts animal growth, health, and well-being, but it may also
affect the safety and quality of the food products. It may result in excess nutrients
polluting the environment in the form of odors or ground water contamination. The
primary objective of the Animal Growth and Nutrition Program is to discover the
nutritional, biological, and genetic factors underlying:
•

Normal animal growth.

•


Nutrient digestion and efficiency.

•

Metabolism.

•

Lactation.

•

Muscle and bone development.

Animal Products: Americans buy approximately $100 billion of animal products
at the farm gate, and several times that amount at retail each year. These products
include meat and meat products, poultry products (meat and eggs), fish, shellfish,
dairy products (milk and cheese), and non-food products such as fiber (wool, mohair,
cashmere, and leather).
The quality and safety of animal products prior to harvest are influenced by genetics,
nutrition, and management systems. After harvest they are affected by handling,
processing, storage, and marketing practices.
Animal Reproduction: Reproductive efficiency is the major factor affecting
profitability in many livestock production systems. For example, the fertility of
domestic ruminants (cattle and sheep), even under optimal conditions, is only about
50 percent. Inefficient reproduction may be caused by numerous factors, including:
•

Increased genetic selection for meat or milk production traits.


8




Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y
•

Early embryonic and fetal loss.

•

Failure to reach puberty at an optimum age or an inability of young females to
conceive early in the breeding season.

•

Environmental stressors such as temperature extremes or changes in
photoperiod (day and night cycle).

•

Production of sperm with a low potential for fertilization.

•

Limited sex drive.

Animal Well-being: Evaluating farm animal well-being is a challenge to the
animal food industry and scientific communities. Scientists study how to accurately

measure an animal’s state of comfort and well-being. For example, scientists study
animals in different environmental conditions that vary in temperature, humidity,
amount of daylight, bedding, size and shape of living quarters, and the number of
other animals in the environment. They also work to understand how animals react
both behaviorally and biologically in stressful situations, such as in transport, or when
animals must be restrained, such as during a medical evaluation or treatment. These
understandings are important to those who work with animals as pets, livestock, or
wildlife to ensure the safety and well-being of both animals and humans as they
interact.
II. Vocabulary:
1. Agriculture: (n) [

]:

Nông nghiệp

2. Production: (n) [

]:

Sự sản xuất

3. Extension: (n) [

]:

Khuyến nông

4. Challenge: (n) [


]:

Sự thách thức
]:

5. Disseminate: (n) [
6. Knowledge (n) [
7. Environment (n) [

Phổ biến, truyền bá

]:

Sự hiểu biết, kiến thức
]:

Môi trường
9




Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y

8. Biological (adj) [

]: Sinh vật học

9. Behavior:


Thái độ, hành vi
]:

10. Re-strain (v) [

]:

11. Optimal adj [
12. Measure (n) [

Cố định gia súc
Tốt nhất

]:

Sự đo lường
]:

13. Management (n) [

Sự trông nom, quản lý

14. Potential (n) [

]:

Tiềm tàng, tiềm năng

15. Trait (n) [


]:

Nét, điểm

16. Cashmere (n) [

]:

Khăn len ca sơ mia

17. Influence (v) [

]:

Anh hưởng
]:

18. Collaborate (v) [

Cộng tác

19. Wildlife:
20. Harvest (v) [

Thú vật, chim muông hoang dã
]:

Thu hoạch
]:


21. Well-being (n) [
22. Shellfish (n) [

Hạnh phúc, phúc lợi

]:

Sò, hến

23. Lactation (n):
24. Puberty (n) [

Sự sinh, thải sữa
]:

Tuổi thành thục về tính

25. Photoperiod (n):
26. Livestock (n) [

Chu kỳ chiếu sáng
]:

Vật nuôi, thú nuôi

27. Nutrition (n) [

]:

Dinh dưỡng


28. Conceive (v) [

]:

Thụ thai

29. Treatment (n) [

]:

Điều trị
10




Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y

30. Pet (n) [

]:

Thú cảnh

III. Exercise
Practice 1: Answer the following question:
1. What challenges do researchers and educationist confront with in order to optimize
animal production?
…………………………………………………………………………………………

…………………………………………………………………………………………
2. What should they do to improve agriculturally relevant animal systems?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
3. How many genetic traits do researchers focus on?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
4. What could be the consequences if inefficient nutrient intake by animals?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
5. What should we do to resolve that problem?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
6. How many products can be harvested from animals?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
7. What are the main factors affect the quality of these animal products?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

11




Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y

8. What could be the causative factors accounted for the inefficient reproduction?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………

9. Why is it importance to know the animal well-being?
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Practice 2: True or false statement:
1. Research, education and extension activities did not change to address new
challenges and opportunities.

TRUE

FALSE

2. Researchers collaborate with industry and other interested parties to develop and
disseminate knowledge and methods to improve agriculturally relevant animal
systems.

TRUE

FALSE

3. The quality and safety of animal products prior to harvest do not depend on
genetics, nutrition, and management systems.

TRUE

FALSE

4. Inefficient nutrient intake by animals does not affect environment in animal
operations from livestock farms to fish farms.

TRUE


FALSE

Practice 3: Word/phrase usage
Fill in the blank the most appropriate word or phrase
1. One of the most important tasks for the extensionist is to ……. Knowledge to the
farmers.
A, Disseminate

B, Talk

C, Tell

D, Get

E, Obtain

2. Beside dogs and cats, some wild animals e.g. snakes, croccodie etc. are also
considered as …..
A, Friendly B, Pets

C, Aggressive

12

D, Submissive





Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y

3. A Hostein Frisian cow can produce up to 8000 kg of milk in one ……..period.
A, Photoperiod

B, Cycle

C, Course

D, Latation

4. High producing cows have a high requirement for energy supplied by ……. that
differ in nature.
A, Nutrients

B, Water

C, Clay

D, Vegetable

IV. Assignment
1. Uses the vocabularies have learned to write a short text (preferably 50 words)
describe the current situation of animal husbandry in Vietnam.
2. Summarize the passage.

13





Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y

Lesson 4

ANIMAL PHYSIOLOGY

Source: Knut Schmidt Nielsen. Animal Physiology – Adaptation and Environment. 5th Edition.
Cambridge University Press

OVERVIEW OF ORGAN SYSTEMS OF THE ANIMAL BODY

Organ
Integument
injury due

Major component organs
Function
Skin, nails, and hair; cutaneous * Protects deeper organs from
Sense organs and glands

to bumps, chemicals,

bacteria, and
Dehydration (drying out)
* Excretes salts and urea
* Help regulate body temperature

14





Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y

Skeletal

Bones, cartilages, tendons,

* Supports and protects internal
organ
* Provides levers for muscular

Ligaments, and joints
action

* Stores minerals (calcium and
others)
* Cavities provides a site for blood
cell
formation
Muscular
shorten; in

Muscles attached to the skeleton * Skeletal muscles contract, or
doing so, they move bones to
allow
motion (running,
walking, etc.), grasping and
manipulation of the environment,

and facial expression
* Generates heat

Nervous
changes in its

Brain, spinal cord, nerves, and
special sense organs
environment and

* Allows body to detect
internal and external
to respond to such information

by
activating appropriate
muscles or glands
* Helps maintain sort – term
homeostasis
of the body via rapid
transmission of
electrical signals
Endocrine
development;

Pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid,

* Promotes growth and

adrenal, pineal glands, ovaries,


produces chemical

“messengers”
testes, and pancreas.

(hormones) that travel in the

blood to
exert their effect(s) on various
“target
organs” of the body.
* Plays a role in regulation of long –
term
homeostasis.

15




Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y

Cardiovascular
that carries

Heart, blood vessels, and blood

* Primarily a transport system
blood


containing

oxygen,

carbon dioxide
Propel nutrients, wastes, ions,
hormones, and
other substances to and from
the cells
where exchanges are made;
pumping
action of the heart propels
blood through
The blood vessels.
*Protects body with blood clots,
antibodies,
and other protein molecules in the
blood.
Lymphatic/
blood
Immune
blood

Lymphatic vessels,, lymph nodes
spleen, thymus, and tonsils

* Picks up fluid leaked from the
vessels and returns it to the
* Cleanses blood of pathogens


and other
debris.
* Houses cells (Lymphocytes and
others)
that act in the immune response to
protect
the body from foreign
substances
(Antigens)
Respiratory
supplied

Nose, pharynx, larynx,

* Keeps the blood continuously

trachea, bronchi, and lungs

with oxygen while removing

carbon
dioxide
* Contributes to
balance of the
blood
via

the


acid-base

its

carbonic

acid/bicarbonate
buffer system
Digestive
tiny,

Mouth, esophagus, stomach,

16

* Breaks down ingested foods to




Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y

small and large intestines,

particles which can be absorbed

in to the

blood for delivery to the body,


and accessory structures
s cells
(teeth, salivary glands, liver,

* Undigested residue leaves the

gallbladder, and pancreas)

feces

body as
Urinary
containing

Kidneys, ureters, urinary

* Rids the body of nitrogen-

bladder, and urethra

wastes (urea, uric acid, and

ammonia),
which result from the breakdown
of
proteins and nucleic acids by the
body,s
cells
* Maintains water, electrolyte,
and acid-base

balance of blood
Reproductive

Male: testes, scrotum, penis,
and duct system, which carries
sperm to the body exterior

* Produces germ cells (sperm) for
perpetuation of the species

Female: Ovaries, uterine tubes,

* Produces germ cells (eggs); the

female
uterus, and vagina

uterus houses a developing

fetus until birth

II. Vocabulary
](n)

1. Integument [
2. Skeletal [

](adj)

3. Muscular [

4. Nervous [

Lớp áo, vỏ bọc
(Thuộc về) bộ xương

](adj)

Cơ, bắp thịt

](adj)

5. Endocrine [

(Thuộc về) thần kinh
](n)

Tuyến nội tiết, thuộc về nội tiết

6. Carvadiovascular
7. Lymphatic [

(Thuộc về) tim mạch
](adj)

(Thuộc về) bạch huyết

17





Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y

8. Immune [

](n)

Miễn dịch

9. Respiratory [

](adj)

10. Digestive [

(Thuộc về) hô hấp

](adj)

Tiêu hóa

] (adj)

11. Urinary [
12. Reproductive [

(Thuộc về) nước tiểu
](adj)

Sinh sản, tái sản xuất


13. Cutaneous sense organ and glands
] (n)

14. Cartilages [
15. Tendon [

Sụn

](n)

Gân

](n)

16. Ligament [
17. Joint [

Cơ quan nhận cảm và tuyến trên da

Dây chằng, dây chằng phụ

](n)

Khớp nối, mắt, mấu (để nối)

18. Spinal cord
19. Nerves [

Tuỷ sống

](n)

Dây thần kinh

20. Special sense organs
21. Pituitary [

Tổ chức nhận cảm đặc biệt

](n)

Tuyến yên

](n)

22. Thyroid [
23. Parathyroid [

Tuyến giáp trạng
](n)

24. Adrenal [

Tuyến cận giáp trạng

](n)

Tuyến thượng thận

25. Pineal gland

26. Ovary [

Tuyến tùng
](n)

Buồng trứng

27. Testes

Dịch hoàn
](n)

28. Pancreas [
29. Vessel [

Tuyến tuỵ

](n)

Mạch quản

30. Lymph node
31. Spleen [

Hạch lympho
](n)

Lá lách

32. Thymus

33. Tonsil [
34. Pharynx [

Tuyến ức
](n)

Amidan, tuyến hạnh nhân
](n)

35. Larynx [
36. Trachea [
37. Bronchi[

Hầu, họng
](n)

Thanh quản

](n)

Khí quản, ống khí
](n)

38. Esophagus [

Phế quản
](n)

18


Thực quản




Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y

39. Small and large intestine

Ruột non và ruột già

40. Salivary gland

Tuyến nước bọt

41. Liver [

Gan

](n)
](n)

42. Gallbladder [
43. Kidney [
44. Ureter [

Túi mật

](n)


Thận

](n)

Niệu quản

45. Urinary bladder

Bàng quang

46. Urethra

Niệu đạo

47. Scrotum

Bao dịch hoàn

48. Penis

Dương vật

49. Duct system

Hệ thống ống (sinh tinh)

50. Sperm

Tinh trùng


51. Uterine tubes

Vòi trứng (vòi Fallop)

52. Uterus

Dạ con, tử cung

53. Vagina

Âm đạo

54. Blood cell formation

Hình thành tế bào máu

55. Cavity

Khoang , hôc

56. Motion

Vận động

57. Grasping

Phản xạ

58. Manipulation


Thao tác

59. Facial expression

Biểu thị ngoài

60. Generate (v)

Sinh, sinh sản
Nội môi, tính cân bằng tự nhiên

61. Homeostasis
62. Exert

Đưa vào sử dụng, áp dụng cái gì

63. Clot

Đông máu

64. Antibodies

Kháng thể

65. Fluid leaked

Sự thoát dịch

66. Pathogen


Mầm bệnh, nguồn bệnh

67. Debris

Mảnh vỡ, mảnh vụn, chất lạ (vào cơ thể)

68. Ingest

Ăn vào bụng

69. Delivery

Sự phân phát

19




Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y

70. Undigested

Không tieu hoá, không hấp thụ

71. Feces

Phân, cứt

72. Perpetuation


Sự duy trì

73. Fetus

Thai, bào thai

III. Exercise.
Practice 1. Answer the following questions.
1. What is the main function of the skin?
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
How do animals react to the invasion of foreign substances (e.g. pathogen)?
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
What is the function of the skeletal system?
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
What is the main difference between blood in the vein and blood in the artery?
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
How do the ingested feeds travel in the digestive system?
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
Which part of the intestine the digestion and absorption processes are mostly
taken place?
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
2. How does protease break down the protein structure?
....................................................................................................................................

....................................................................................................................................
3. What is the name of hormone secreted by the adrenal?

20




Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y

....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
What are the most important factors that make the cows come into heat?
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
10. How do we detect the cow if she comes on heat?
....................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................
IV. Assignment.
- Learn all the given keywords and vocabularies.
-

Make sentences with the given keywords and vocabularies.

21




Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y


Lesson 5

ANIMAL NUTRITION AND FEEDS
I. Reading comprehension:
Animal nutrition plays an important part in the animal production and has
implications for the composition and quality of the livestock products (milk, meat and
eggs) that people consume. To achieve more efficient animal production, amino
acids, fatty acids, minerals, vitamins, and water must be provided in amounts
necessary to meet the animal’s requirements. The formulation of balanced diets that
provide the correct amounts and proportions of these nutrients is essential to support
the requirements for maintenance, growth, and reproduction. As nutrient
requirements become more accurately defined through research, it is possible to
formulate diets more precisely. Thus, there is a continuing need to quantify nutrients
requirements accurately for various stages of an animal’s life cycle.
The nutrition compositions include energy, protein and amino acids, vitamin,
minerals, and water. Energy plays an important part of animal nutrition. Estimates of
energy intakes of animal are expressed as kilocalories (kcal) or mega-calories (Mcal)
of digestible energy (DE) or of metabolizable energy (ME) per kilogram of feed and
animal per day. Digestible energy is dietary gross energy intake minus the gross
energy of the excreted feces. Metabolizable energy is the gross energy of the diet
minus fecal, gaseous, and urinary gross energy. Net energy (NE) is the difference
between the metabolizable energy and heat increment (HI). The heat increment is the
amount of heat released because of the energy costs of the digestive and metabolic
processes. It has been demonstrated that net energy, although difficult to measure, is
the best measure of the energy available to an animal for maintenance and
production.
Protein generally refers to crude protein, which is defined for feedstuffs as the
nitrogen content x 6.25. This definition is based on the assumption that the nitrogen
content is 16 grams of nitrogen per 100 g of protein. The capacity of the diets to

provide sufficient indispensable (essential) amino acids and nitrogen for synthesis of
dispensable (nonessential) amino acids determines the adequacy of a dietary protein
level. Although dispensable amino acids are needed for normal metabolism, dietary
22




Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y

sources are not usually required. They can be obtained from feeds or are synthesized
by using amino groups derived from amino acids present in excess of the
requirement.
The term vitamin describes an organic compound distinct from amino acids,
carbohydrate, and lipids that is required in minute amounts for normal growth and
reproduction. Some vitamins are not required in diets because they can be
synthesized readily from other food or metabolic constituents, or by microorganisms
in the intestinal tract. Vitamins are generally classified as either fat soluble or water
soluble. The fat - soluble vitamins include vitamins A, D, E, and K. The water –
soluble vitamins include the B vitamins (biotin, cholin, folacin, niacin, pantothenic
acid, riboflavin, thiamin, B6, and B12) and ascorbic acid.
Water account for as much as 82 percent of empty body weight (whole body
weight less gastrointestinal tract contents) in the 1.5 kg neonatal pig and declines to
53 percent in the 9 kg market hog. Many variable factors, including environmental
ones, govern the water requirement of animal. Animal obtain water from three
sources: (1) water that is consumed; (2) water that is a component of feedstuffs; and
(3) water that originates from the breakdown of carbohydrate, fat, and protein
(metabolic water). Water is lost from the body by four routes: (1) the lungs
(respiration); (2) the skin (evaporation), (3) the intestines (defecation), and (4) the
kidneys (urination).

Animal feeding practices have developed over time, and have generally been
validated by their use. The pace of development has quickened markedly over the
past 150 years - in particular, the intensification of the livestock industry in the
second half of the 20th century means that a much wider variety of ingredients is
used in feed than previously. This includes ingredients that might not be thought part
of an animal's natural diet, such as fishmeal. Concerns about the recycling of animal
material into feed (a practice common in developed countries for many decades) have
led, during the past ten to 15 years, to a number of prohibitions on what may be used
in feed. The use of mammalian meat and bone meal (MBM) was banned because it
was thought to have caused or spread mad-cow disease (Bovine spongiform
encephalopathy, BSE); the ban was subsequently extended to almost all forms of

23




Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y

processed animal protein (PAP). However, there is no positive, restricted list of what
may be fed to farmed livestock. This is partly because of the likely length of such a
list, which could run to hundreds of items, and partly because research into animal
nutrition is continually revealing new uses for potential crops. Research also
continues into the genetic modification of crops used for feed. Farmers' choices of
what to feed their livestock will be governed by many different factors - the age and
species of the animals concerned, their intended products (meat, milk or eggs), the
price and availability of feed materials, their nutritive value, and even the time of year
and the geographical location (soil type and climate) of the farm. The energy and
nutrients that feed provides occur in different proportions in different materials, and
for many animals a typical diet will consist of a combination of feeds to provide

everything they need for their health, welfare and production. Ruminants (cattle,
sheep and goats) are an exception to this because grass may be the only ingredient in
their diet for much of the year.

II. Vocabulary
1. Nutrition

[

2. Implication

[

] (n)

Sự liên quan, (Số nhiều) Sự quan hệ mật thiết

3. Composition

[

] (n)

Thành phần

4. Requirement

[

] (n)


5. Formulation

[

] (n)

6. Diet

[

7. Maintenance

[

8. Growth

[

] (n)

Dinh dưỡng

] (n)

Sự làm thành công thức, xây dựng công thức
Khẩu phần ăn

] (n)
] (n)


Sự duy trì
Sự sinh trưởng, phát triển

9. Digestible energy [

][

10. Metabolic

] (adj)

[

Nhu cầu, sự đòi hỏi

]

Năng lượng tiêu hoá
Thuộc trao đổi chất

11. Metabolizable energy

Năng lượng trao đổi

12. Gross energy

[

13. Feces


[

14. Feed

[

] (n)

Sự cho ăn, thức ăn gia súc

15. Net energy

[

] (n)

Năng lượng thuần

] (n)

Năng lượng thô
] (n)

24

Phân





Bài giảng tiếng anh chuyên ngành chăn nuôi thú y

16. Crude protein

[

17. Assumption

[

18. Indispensable

[

19. Dispensable

[

20. Distinct

[

][

] (n)
] (n)

Sự thừa nhận, sự cho là đúng


] (adj)

[

Sự cần thiết

] (adj)
]

Sự không cần thiết

(adj)

21. Metabolic constituents [
22. Fat soluble

Protein thô (Protein tổng số)

Sự khác biệt, riêng biệt
] (n)

] [

] (adj)

Thành phần, phần tử cấu tạo
Hoà tan trong mỡ

23. Water soluble


Hoà tan trong nước

24. Feedstuffs

Thức ăn chăn nuôi

25. Respiration

[

] (n)

Sự hô hấp

26. Evaporation

[

] (n)

Sự làm bay hơi, bốc hơi

27. Defecation

[

] (n)

Sự đi ỉa, sự gạn, lọc, làm trong,


28. Urination

[

] (n)

Sự đi đái, đi tiểu

29. Validate

[

30. Ingredient

[

] (n)

Làm cho có hiệu lực, hợp lệ

Thành phần

] (n)

31. Fishmeal

Bột cá

32. Prohibitions


[

33. Mammalian

[

] (n)

Sự ngăn cấm, sự cấm

] (adj)

Thuộc động vật có vú, loài thú

34. Bone meal

Bột xương thịt

35. Processed animal protein (PAP)

Protein có động vật chế biến

36. Genetic modification

Biến đổi di truyền

37. Feed materials

Nguyên liệu thức ăn


38. Nutritive value

Giá trị dinh dưỡng

39. Grass[

Cỏ

] (n)

III. Exercise
Practice 1: Working with detail
First read each of the statement in this text. Then decide whether each one is true or
false according to the reading. Circle TRUE or FALSE.
1. To achieve more efficient animal production, we must provide in amounts
necessary of nutrition to meet the animal’s requirements. TRUE

25

FALSE