Ngan hang vOlsl! nghiep pilat triin
80!'1~~_~';

"I~-tt~I~H"'"

"~\II

Ban v~ cttnh hu'dngphat tri~n
A-","

?

A-

CURHOAT
VI MO
. DONGTAlCHINH
.

,.

,.

,.?

a

A-

A-

A-

BANCHINHTHUC NONGTHONVIETNAM
.
Ongnhu cac nuac dang phat
trien, thi truangtai chfnhnong
thOnVi$tNamphanthanh3 khu

C

vl!c:
(i) Khu vt!c tai chinh chinh thac,
chiu51!dieuchinhbaiLu~tcacTochuc
Undl,!ng,va d~tduai51!giamsat,quan
Iy cua NganhangNha nuac(NHNN).
Ho~tdqngchuyeut~i khuVIIcnayla 4
nh6mdjnhche tai chfnhduai 51!kiem
soat cua NHNNVi$t Nam, bao gom:
Ngan hang thuang m~i (NHTM)Nha
nuac,NHTMcophan,Nganhangchfnh
sachva cacTo chucUndl,!nghgptac
(TCTDHgptac).Trongd6: cac TCTD
Hgptac (chuyeula QuyUndl,!ngnMn
dan)chfnhla nhlingdinhchetai chfnh
vi mo chfnhthuc. Cac Quy Un dl,!ng
nMn dan (QTDND)ho~t dqng thee
Lu~tcacTCTD,Lu~tHgptac X8vacac
quy dinhcuaChfnhphuva NHNN.
(ii) Khu vt!ctai chinh ban chinh
thac baogom:mqtso chuangtrinhUn

dl,!ngcua Chfnhphu,cua cac to chuc
xa hqi, nhungI~i khOngchju 51!dieu
chinhcuaLu~tcacTCTDva khongd~t
duai 51! giam sat cua NHNN; cac
chuangtrinhhotrg cuacacto chucphi
chfnh phu quoc te. Chuangtrinh Un
dl,!ngtiet ki$mnhecuaToquocCLru
trg
tre emAnh(SC/UK)chfnhla ho~tdqng
tai chfnhvi mo(TCVM)dangho~tdqng
a nhieutinh nhu Ha linh, Ngh$An,
Thanh Hoa

- N6 cOngla ho~t dqng tai

chfnhvi mobanchfnhthuc.
(iii) Khu vt!c tai chinh phi chinh
thac, baogomcacquanh$vay mugn
tl1b~nbe, hQhang,nguaichuyencho
vay n~nglai anongthon.
KhuVltCtai chfnhchfnhthucva ban
chfnh thuGda phat trien kha nhanh
ch6ngtrongmaynamganday.Haikhu
vl!c naydagiatang51!marqngtiepc~n
tai hq nongdan tl1 49% so hq (nam
1998)len tai 75%(nam2001).M~cdu
54

ThS.Nguy~o Bioh


LUll

*

c6 nhieuno Il!c nhungca hai khuVIIc
nayvanchuadukhanangdapungcau
Undl,!ngcua hq nongdan. Nhatla hq
trungbinhva ngheo,van conden30%
so hq chuatiep c~ndugctai Undl,!ng
cuakhuvl!c nay.Dov~yphanIantrong
so hQvan phai vay von tl1 khu vl!c
khongchfnhthuc,d~cbi$tla hqngheo.
Quath~cti~nva kinhnghi$mcuacac
nuac c6 the kh~ngdinh rang cac to
chUctai chfnhIan khongdu dieu ki$n
dec6thetrvctiepcungcapdunhucau
tin dl,!ngchokhuvl!c nongthOn,nhatla
hq trungbinhva ngheo.Cacdjnhche
tai chinhIannaychuyeucungungvon
chocacdl! anlan,cackhachhanglan,
neu muoncungcapvon den hq trung
binhvangheothi hi$UquanhathQcOng
phaithongquauythaclachinh.Dov~y,
truac matva lau dai TCVMnongthon
vanlato chucvaho~tdqngca bang6p
phandac Il!c cho chien lugc xoa d6i
giam ngheoa nong thOnVi$t Nam.
Chinhvi v~yvi$cdinhhuangphattrien
doi vai to chuc TCVN n6i chung va


g6p cua SC-UK,trong congcuqcxoa
d6i giam ngheoa Vi$t Namva mong
muonde to chuc nay phat trien ben
vling trongmoiquanh$ vai ho~tdqng
cuaQTDND.
SC

- UK da

gop phan quan trQng

trong cong cU9Cxoa doi giamngheo

nong thon m9t so dnh mU!nTrung
Ho~tdqngcuaSC- UKbatdautCt
nam1993t~i hUY$nC~mXuyen- tinh
Ha linh, nam 1995chuangtrinhdugc
ma rqng sang hUy$nTh~chThanhtinh ThanhHoa.Ml,!ctieu cua chuang
trinh la xoa d6i giamngheohuangtai
doitugngphI,!ncrngheonhamcaithi$n
dai songcho nguaiphI,!nli va gia dinh
hQ.Hqi phI,!nli xa dugc chQnla doi
tugngthl!c hi$nchuangtrinh.Vi$Ccap
tin dl,!ngcho phI,!ncrngheodautu VaG
cac ho~t dqng san xuat dong thai
khuyenkhfch huy dqng tiet ki$m de
tangvantl! c6thOngquanh6mUnchap
5 nguai,mucvay toi da 1,5tri$u,thai
h~ntoi da 12thang.Tatca thanhvien
thamgia chuangtrinhphaigaitiet ki$m

thuang xuyen hang thang 5.000
dong/nguai(doi vai thanh vien mai
TCVM ban chinh thuc a nong thOnn6i
riengde cac to chucnay di VaGho~t thamgia phaigaitruacit nhat3 thang),
dqngdOngdjnhhuangva c6khuonkho sotiennaydugcdungdechovaycung
phapIy phu hgp la rat quantrQngva vaivancuachuangtrinh(a huY$nC~m
Xuyen- Ha linh c6 22 xa dl! an vai
bucthiet.
tongvonchovay20,1ty dong,songuai
Vi$tNamtl1th~pnien90cuathe
vay la 19.589nguai; a hUY$nTh~ch
ky 20 da c6 nhieuto chUctai chinh quoc
Thanh - ThanhHoa 19 xa dl! an vai
te tham gia ho~tdqngtrong linh vl!c
TCVM,di tien phongtrong hO<;lt
dqng tong so von cho vay 6,2 ty dong,so
nay va dugcdanhgia c6 nhieuthanh nguaivay la 8.543 nguai).Tac dqng
congtrong cac chuangtrinh Undl,!ng cuachuangtrinhc6thedanhgiatren3
ban:(i) Chuangtrinhden dugc
tiet kiemla TochucCLrutm tre emAnh m~tC<1
vai
nguai
ngheo,tiep c~n dugc binh
(SC- UK).Trongkhuonkh6baivietnay
quan67%so
hq trongcacthon,xa c6
vai nhling hieubiet nhatdjnhve hO<;lt
cacchuangtrinhva
g6p phanVaGvi$c
dqng cua SC-UKa Vi$t Namva mo

xoad6i
giamngheoa
cacxa dl! an;tY
hinhQTDNDVi$t Namtac gia banve:
1$hqd6i
da
giamdangketrongnhang
Dinh huangphattrien cua ho~tdqng
TCVMnongthonbanchinhthuct~iVi$t
Ph6 Tong giam doc B60 hiem tien
Namtre,ncasathl!Cti~ntl1nhlingd6ng gui Vi$t Nom
C1

a

.

--

-T~

em NGANIIANG

- 86

2 NAM 'ZOO4


Ngan hitng yo. St! nghiep philt triin
_~I~~_~'"


I

II :i

4.~I~~-

"'IM"

nhan;dOngthaig6pphanthucd~yvi$c

I ma rQng,khoiphl,!cnganhngheva
. chuyendichcacaukinhtetrongnong
nghi$pva nongthOn,nhieuthanhvien
da phattrienduqcsanxuatkinhte phI,!
gia dfnh,g6p phanUchclfc thlfc hi$n
ml,!ctieuxoa d6i giamngheo,h9nche
tfnhtr9ngchovayn~nglai trendla ban
nongthon.QuanhO'ng
ketquad9tduqc
va nhO'ng
danhgiatrencothethayvi$c
phattrienQTDNDdongvaitro Uchclfc
trongvi$ct6 chlrc19iva pMt trienkinh
te hqptac,g6pphandUakinhte t~pthe
cung kinh te Nha nuac dan dan tra
thanhnentangcuatoanbQnenkinhte
quocdan.Daythl!eSI!la mQtmohinh

tai ehinhvi moehinhtMe akhuwe


PhOt triin kinh te'vlton tit ngu&n viin va}, ca~ tiS ch{(c tai chinh vi mo
Anh: M(;mhHe

namqua (tLr13,3%nam 1998xuong
4,7%nam2001).(ii) Chuangtrfnhd9t
hi$Uqua cao ve m~t kinh te xa hQi,
nangcao dai songcho nguaidan,d~c
bi$tdacaithi$ndieuki$n ve SlrCkhoe
vahQct~pchotre em,thucd~ykhuyen
khfchtre emdentruang,giamty 1$tre
embe)hQc...(iii) Ngoaira chuangtrinh
dag6p phannangcaovi trf cua nguai
phI,!nO'va nangcaonangIlfc choHQi
phI,!nO'caccap.
QTDNDlayml;lctieu ho~td9ng la
tU'dngtrq girta cac thanh vien, m9t
dinh che tai chfnh chfnh thlic d~ cac
t6 chlic TCVM ban chfnh thlic va

thu vai loai hfnh QTDND.Ta khi thf
diemthanh'l~p(7/1993)dennaydahan

10 namcac QTDNDda thlfc slf tra
thanh mQtmo hinh mai, mo hinh kinh te
hqp tae trang linh vl!e tin dl!ng a khu

vl!e nongthan;cacQTDNDda lamtot
vi$c huy dQngvon t9i cho, khai tMc
nguonvontrongtangthanhviendedap

lrngkipthainhucauvonphattriensan
xuatkinhdoanh,caithi$nva nangcao
dOisongcuacacthanhviengop-phan
phattrien kinhte noi chungva kinhte
nongnghi$p,nongthannoi rieng.Tfnh
den30/6/2003h$thongQTDNDco889
QTDNDca so co m~trQngkhapa 52
tlnh, thanh pho va 1 QTDNDTrung
khOng chfnh thlic hU'dng tdi.
QTDND 10<;lihinh TCTD hqp tac uangvai 24 chi nhanhtrongca nuac.
h09tdQngtheonguyentac tlf nguY$n, Cac QTDNDca so da ket n9Pduqc
tlf chu,tlf chiutrachnhi$mve ket qua 874.353thanhvien, t6ng nguonvon
h09tdQng,thlfc hi$nml,!ctieuchu yeu h09t dQng 4.088tY dong,trong d6
113
tuangtrq giO'acactMnh vien,nham von dieu1$223ty dong,vonhuydQng
phathuySlrCm9nht~ptheva cuatLrng 2.837ty dong(chiem69%nguonvon);
thanhviengiupnhauthlfc hi$nc6 hi$u Du nq cho vay 3.468ty dong,vai ca
quacach09tdQngsanxuatkinhdoanh, cau:dautu chosanxuatnongnghi$p113
dichvI,!vacaithi$ndC1i s6ng. H09tdQng 50,8%,dichvI,!32,6%,sinhh09t7,9%
thap
cua QTDNDphaidambao bu dap chi vachovaykMc 8,7%.Nqquah,;1n
chiem1,18%t6ngdu
nq.
Ketqua
kinh
phfvac6Uchluyde pMt trien.T6chlrc
doanh6
tMng
daunam2003c6
chenh

va h09tdQngcuacacQTDNDhi$nnay
50.5tY
dil e6mQtkhuonkhOphapIy tllongd6i I$chthu nh~pIanhanchi phf113
dong.
dongbQ.CacQTDNDduqct6 chlrcva
h09tdQngtheoLu~tHqptacxava Lu~t
C6 tM kh~ng dtnh ding: qua t6
cac T6 chlrc Un dl,!ng.Ngoai ra cac chlrCva h09tdQngcuacacQTDNDda
QTDNDcon duqcdinh huangbai Chi tao dieu kienthuanlai cho cac thanh
thi 57-CT/TWngay10/10/2000cua BQ vien vay v6n pha!tri~n san xuat kinh
Chfnhtri va duqc dieu chinh bai mQt doanh,ta d6 da t90themconganvi$c
Nghi djnh cua Chfnh phu so lam, nhat 113
doi vai mQtbQph~nlaD
48/2001/ND-CP
ngay13/8/2001ratd~c dQngkhangcovi$Clamtrongluc nong
113

113

nongthandllqe to eMe va hOc;1l
dQng
e6 bEliMn vai khuonkhOpMp Iy kM
dongbQva daydu de h09tdQngdung
phaplu~tvaneuduqc lienketch~tcha
vai nhautrongt6 chucva h09tdQngthf
sa dambaoh09tdQngan toanva ben
vO'ng,day cOngsa 113
mQtmo hinhma
cac t6 chlrcTCVMban chfnhthuc va
khongbanchfnhthucc6the huangtai.

Banve xu hLlangt6 chucva ho9t
dQngcua TCVMban chfnhthlrc dang
h09t dQngaVi$t Nam nhLld9ng SC/UK

theotoi c6the c63 hLlangdi nhLlsau:
MQtla, e6 the pMt trien thanhto
eMe rCVM vai mQtkhungpMp Iy r6
rang bEingmQtNght dtnh eua Chinh
pM "toeMe vahO{ltd{)ngeua10{lihinh
rCVM a Vi~tNam".Vi$C thanhI~pt6
chlrc nay phaic6 dieu ki$nrieng,dan
gianve thutl,!Cva c6 the chi candang
ky hO<;lt
dQngmakhongcangiayphep,
nhLlngphaidLlqckiemtra,giamsatcua
co quanchlrcnangcua NhanLlacnhLl
chfnhquyendia phLlong,co quan tai
chfnhho~cNganhangNhc'!nLlaC.Den
mQtquy mo nhatdinhmuonphattrien

.

dLlqcphaidLlqccocaul<;Ii ho~cchuyen
d6itMnhmohinhkhac.
Haila, e6tM to eMe vahO{ltd{)ng
theo10{lihinh caetoeMekhangpMi
la rcm dllqephephO{ltd{)ngm{)ts6
hO{ltdQngngan hang".L09i hinh nay
muon h09t dQngphai duqc cap giay
pheptheo quy dinht<;lidieu 13 va 22

cuaLu~tcacT6chucUndl,!ng.
De dLlqc
cap phepcact6 chucnayphaic6dieu
ki$n:h09tdQngnganhang113
canthiet
vaco lienquanch~tchadenhO<;lt
dQng
chfnh;coduvon,dieuki$nv~tchatphu
hqRvai yeu cau cua ho9t dQngngan
II

"--- -

T~ cIIf NCAAIIANC

- &5 2

NAM 2004

55


Ngan hang vOlsit nghiep philt tri~n

-.",

",r,~_~.,~._,
'''~'8

hang,co dQingOcan bQam hi~uhO<;lt

dQngngan hang;co phuangan kinh
doanhkhathive hO<;lt
dQngnganhang.
Tuy nhiend~ 10<;li
hinhnayto cMc va
hO<;lt
dQngdungquy djnh, an toan va
hi$uquacancoca sa phapIydongbQ
han;truac het phai co mQtNghj djnh
cuaChfnhphuvehO<;lt
dQngnganhang
cua to chuc khongphai la to chuctin
dl,lng,dll thaoNghidinhnaydangduqc
sO<;ln
thao, neu duqc ban hanhtrong
tuanglai ganS6la mQtd!nhhuangcho
cac to chuc TCVMxem xet d~ dieu
chinhto chucvahO<;lt
dQng.
Bala,co theehuyento ehtleTCVM
thanhOTDNOnhll mohinhOTDNOea
sa nhll hi~nnay.D~ chuy~ndoi thanh
QTDNDcan phai co nhO'ngdieu ki$n
nhatdinhS6duqcbanky a phansau.
Dieu ki~n va cac bU'dCphai lam
d~ chuy~n d6i tai chinh vi mo nhU'
SC/UKthanhQTDND
Ml,lctieu cua mQtso to chuc tai
chinhvi monhu SC- UKva ml,lctieu
hO<;lt

dQngcua QTDNDco cho tuang
dongla tuangtrqgiupdothanhviend~
phattri~n san xuat, kinhdoanh,nang
cao dOisongthanhvienva gop phan
xoa doi giamngheo.Do do trongthai
giantai d~ tieptl,lCquanIycacchuang
trinhTCVMva phathuyketquada d<;lt
duqcthi cannghiencuutimchonomQt
mo hinh,huangdi mai phuhqpla can
thiet va huangnghienCLrud~ chuyen
doi mQtso to chucTCVMnhu SC/UK
thanhQTDNDla huangdi thichhqpva
co nhieuCC1
sad~thllChi$n.
(Q MQt s6 kh6 khankhithl/ehi~nto
ehtleIqi tai ehinhvi mo theomo hinh
OTDNO:
Hi$n nay chuangtrinh tai chinhvi
moSC/UKa HaTTnhvaThanhHoadu
kien S6 duqe chuyen giao cho d!~
phuangtll quanIy,nhungdo thieumQt
khuonkho phapIy, thieuca che dam
bEIO
antoan,h$thongketoanchu~nva
thieusll ki~mtra,giamsattinh hinhtai
chinh cua ca quanquan Iy Vi$t Nam,
nguaigui tienkMng duqcbaohi~mda
la nhO'ng
h<;ln
cheIanva tra ng<;li

chung
cua chuangtrinh nay.Tuy nhien,hi$n
nayNganhangphattrienChaua (ADB)
dangco dll an hotrq Vi$tNamnghien
CLrukhung phap Iy ve TCVM, trong
tuanglai neuco duqcmQtkhungphap
Iy thi S6la mQtthu~nIqiva buacngo~t
cho 10<;li
hinh TCVM.Trongthai gian

truacmatNHNNcanconhO'ng
quydinh

hi$nt<;liho~cnhO'ngcanbQcoth~I~a

phapIy mangtfnhd~cthuriengde chQn
dutieuchu~nve d<;loduc,nang
quanIy TCVMnoi chungho~cchuy~n
doi TCVMthanhQTDNDde t~n dl,lng
duqc nguonvan va Illc luqngcan bQ
.duqcdaot~otl1TCVM.
(iQEMuki~nvacaebllaepMi lam
de ehuyendOlto ehtletai ehinhvi mo
theo mo hinh OTDNO:

IlIc,trinhdQchuyenmontheoquyd!nh
d~ tham gia quan trL dieu hanh
QTDND.
+ Co dieu1$to chuchO<;lt
dQngphu

hqpvai MauDieu1$QTDND.
+ Cophuangan hoatdongkhathi.
Cae bllae thlle hien;

.

Co2 hinhtMc chuy~ndoi nhusau:
Thtl nMt, thanhI~p mai OTDNO
nhO'ngnai co du dieu ki~n va nh~n
ehuyengiaomQtso nhansll, van,tien
gUi,du nqtheethoa tnu~n.
Dieukien:

- To chuc SC/UKva HQilienhi$p
phl,lnO'can ban b<;lcthong nhatchu
truangchuyendoi mohinh,thongnhat
vaichinhquyendia phuangcactinhco
trienkhaidll an de covanbandengh!
len NHNNVietNamva Bo Ke hoach-

- Co d~ 6 dieu kien de duac cap
phepthanhI~pva ho~tdQ!lgQTDND
theo quy dinh t<;liDieu 14, Nghi dinh
48/2001/ND-CPngay 13/8/2001cua
Chinhphu "ve to chuc va hO<;lt
dQng
cua QTDND"va cac van ban huang
dancolienquancuaNHNN
- QTDNDmaithanhlap va to chuc
TCVMmuonchuy~ngiaocan co thoa

thu~nnQidungvi$cchuyengiao.
Caebllaethllc hien:

Dautu trinhiMtuang Chinhph~cho
ph,ep
,chuyendoitlr to chucTCVMsang
mohmhQTDND.
- NganhangNhanuactinh,thanh
pho nai co to chucTCVMxin chuyen
doi sangQTDNDra soatcacdieuki$n
duqc chuy~ndoi de co van banchap
thu~ndudieuki$nchuyendoi.
- Can cu van ban huang dan
chuyendoi cua NHNNVi$t Nam,cac
NHNNtinh, thanhpho huangdan cac
nQi
dungva trinhtll
doi nhl1:
. chuy~n
'
'
'
:!
:!. o'
th h 1 b t b h
d t h
an <;IP an ru ! c uyen 01; 0 C uc
D<;IihQithanhvien;I~pthu tl,lCdenghi

,

.'"
.
- Thanhlap
mal QTDNDtheo quy
d'

h'

!n.

,

.

,

"

:!

. - Thoathu<;ln
cacnQIdungchuyen
glao. - Tochucchuy~n
giao.
Thtlhai,Chuyendoicaeto ehtle
TCYMe?b8~hQi?Udiellki~ndllqecap
P?ep~a th,anhIqp OTDNOtheoquy
d!nhhl~nhanh.
Dieuki~n:


- Duqc Thu tuang Chinhphu cho

-

NHNNcap phepthanhI~p va hO<;lt
dQng;
dangkykinhdoanh;tochuckhai
truanghO<;lt
dQng;...
Ketlu~nva khuyennghi
De chuyendoi tlr mohinhTCVM
sangmohinhQTDND,
cothethllCsll
chuaphailanguY$n
vQngthathietcua
nhO'ng
to chucva nhO'ng
ngl1aidang
hO<;ltdQngTCVM a Vi$t Nam. HO<;lt

phepvecM truangchuyen
doimohinh dQngTCVMvahO<;lt
dQngcuaQTDND
TCVMsangmohinhQTDND;
deuco ml,lctieuva d~cthuriengcua

- Cabanhoidu6 dieukiendeduac
cap phepth~nhI~p va hO<;lt
dQng
QTDNDtheoquydinhhienhanh cu

thela:
..'.
,
.
-'
. '.
'
. + Conhucauhoatdongnganhang
'
.
t dQng; duqc Sll
tren d!a ban xln h0<;1
~

.

'
,
h h
d.!a
Chap thu<;ln
cua
'
. c In quyen
.'
h hep chuyen
) cop
ph,uang.,(xa, huyen
.
thanh mo hmh QTDND.

'"

'

,,'"

,

,

.-

-' -'

no. Tuy nhiende cac to chuc TCVM

h~<;It
dQ~g
a~toan,~a~en~O'ng
t~itrua~
hetNhanuacphalco mQtkhuonkho
phapIyriengvaphuhqp.TronglucNha
nuac
chuacokhung
phapIynaythicac
'
:!
'
:!
:!

:!.

tOChuc TCVMco the chuyen d01sang
. '
'
'
'
'
'
QTDNDIa mot huang dI thICh
mo hInh
'
'
-'
'
"
hap. Cac t0 chuc TCVMkh1chuyend01
'
'
'
:!
'
-'
'. hInh co the chua dam bao mot so
mo
.
"'
.
'
'.'

..
o'
dleu kI~nnhat d!nh nhung co the t rong
'

-

:!'

+90 I! nha,t30~~anh
!Ien~~~vo,~ mQtvainamnoS6dedang hQiducac

~~p~~aca~tha~hvl~nhO<;l,c
sot~eng,lfI
tle~kl~~ -bat~uQc,hangt~ang,cuac~c
th,anh
:! vle~ dong y, ch~.ye~:!
thanh ~~n
g~pco phand<;ltmuctOIthleu100tn~u
dong.

dieu ki$ndo. Toi hy vQngvai bai viet
naycoth~gopmQtsoy kiendecacca
nhan vatocMcquantamdenkhuvllc
TCVMcodinhhuangCC1
cau,to chucl<;Ii
TCVM aViet Nam theo huang an toan

+ Can bQquan Iy to chuc TCVM\ v~ phattri~ri benvO'ng..
56


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T~ em NCANflANc- s6 2 NAM2004