A**
V
A
DAI HOC
QUOC GIA
HA
NOI
TRirClNG
DAI HOC KHOA HOC XA HOI VA NHAN VAN
^
N
DE
TAI
NGHIEN
CUU
KHOA HOC CAP DHQGHN
Mas6:QX.01.07
XAY DUNG
Tir DIEN
MAU
CAU
NHAT - VIET
CHU TRI
DE TAI: PGS.TS NGUYEN
THI
VIET THANH
HA NOI 2004
PHAN
M6
DAU
Trong iho'i

gian
gan
day,
cung voi iihu cau
day, hoc va
llm hicu licng
Nhcit,
cac cong
iriiili nghicn cu'u
so
saiih
doi
cliicu Nhal
- Vict,
cac sacli cong
cu (sach giao
khoa,
tir dicn ) ve liCng Nhcil c6 xu luiong laiig
iCii.
IVong so
cac sach cong cu c6
khc)ng \i
nhung cuo'n
lu"
dicii song
ngfr,
Ui dicn gi:ii
nghTa Song mot cuo'n
lir
dicn doi chicu vc

niau
can licng
Nhfil
trong su*
so
sanh va doi chicu
\'6\
ticng Vict cho toi bay
gio'
vfm
chna
c6
i\c
dap
I'lng
nhii
cau cua
nguo'i su
dung.
Khi
khong
biel li^r "li'^.^'/j'x
,
ngn'oi
hoc
c6 the tia lu
dicn giai nghTa. Nhung
citing
tCr
•ti'"":>/j^\

,
trong
nhu'ng kcl
cau
kliac nluuK vf
du
r-ti'O/JK
73^b(C[:J:jvar-ti'o/j^< I
J"Hi:'
l)J lhi chung niang nhfrng
V
n^hTa
12I D6
la
nhuniz
N'an
dc
ma mol
cuon
tu'dicu
man can can
ui;\i
dap.
Dc lai
cua
chiing loi du'oc
xay dung
Ircn
co"
so tham

kh;'io
mot so
S:K
h
huo'ng dcln
vc mau cau cua cac lac gia Nhal ban, dong
Ihoi
cung la kcl
cjua licli
luy
cua mot so nam giang day nghicn
ciiu
licng Nhal
ci'ia
b;ui
than
vc
nhfrnj:
mau
ciUi
licng Nhal co* ban
ihuoiig
dung
liong
khau
ngu \a
mol
so kicu ioai
phong
c-'ich

chu'c
nang khac nhau va
linih
bay
duVvi ching
mol
CU^'MI
lir (hrii
mau cau
Nh(il
Vicl.
Vai
cuo'n
lu"
dicn nay, chung loi
niong miion cnng cup
khoang 1000 mau
cAu
co ban cua licng Nhal v(Vi nhung gi;n
ihich
\r
\
\\y\\]:\,
each
su
dung,
fmh
huong va nhung
hiu
y

Iroiig
khi su dung. Dong
ihoi,
Irong
mot so
truong
hap, chung toi cung muon
gitVi ihicu
mol so
man
can
doni'
ngliTa
hay gan
nghla
voi nhung khu
bicl
vc
s;ic
thiii
hay pham \ i
MI
diiu.ii nli;ini
giup
ngu'6"i
doc co dicn kicn so
sarih,
doi chicu dc
c(') ihc
hicu \a

su"
diinL!
chfnh
xac hon mau can
mhih hia
ch(^)n.
Ticng Nhal
U\
mol ngon ngu kha
(hen hinh lhii<;>c l<>;ii linih
cha]-*
dinh
vai mol so dac
irung chcn
hinh vc mat
ngu'
ph;ip
sau:
- Cau
true
can
llurong
duoc
sa|-)
xcp
iheo irinh Ui
S-O
V
frlm nni
bo

ngCf-vi
ngu). Tuy
vay,
Ihuc
Ic,
ngoai vi
lii co (hnh ciia \'i \\\iu hion
dung
i'cuoi
cau,
Iral Ur
cua cac
ihanii plian
khac
li<^ng
can kha
itc
i\o.
do
\av <<>
\\\r
dia\
doi vi
In"
cua chung ma khong
k^m
l!ia>'
doi y
nghia
cua cau.

- Y nghTa ngfr phap cua cae
ihanh phA.i
eAu
diroc biCni Ihi ihAng
qua cac
tra tir
(phan
tir
ngfr phap)
luOu
di
keni
sau
elinug.
Cung mol don vi
lu
vmig.
nhinig dirge "dan
nhan "
bAng
nhung t.g
tir
khac nhau
ihl
se gift nhung vai tro
ngfr phap khac nhau
irong
cAu.
-
Oie

y nghTa ngu phap
v6
thoi,
the, dang cua cAu dirge
thc^
hiCn bAng
cae
hinh vj kel ligp
true tiep voi dgng
lir
vi ngu bang plurong
ihue eluip
noi. Do
vay. neu
eliira
doe
Iioae
nghe den he't eau
llii eliua thd hie'u
dirge y
ngliTa
co
ban eua cau.
Mau eau,
llieo
chung loi
lira
ehgn vao
lir
dicn, khong thuan tuy la nhung

cau
true
cu phap cua cau ticng
Nliat
ma rgng hon rat
nhieu,
gom:
- Cac
ihuc
lu:
khong khao sat a nghTa lu
vinig
ma dirge
kliao
sal khi
chung tham gia vao cac ket cau
ngir
phap khac nhau. Vf du cae dgng
iir
nlur:
lf<(di),
-J}€6(dcn).
^"b/j'^acien),
F/J'^rjlxuong),
4o<
(d;ii),
-C6
(ra),
(il ^6
(vao)

duge
khao sat voi ur each la nhung
yCu to
da duge
hu
lioa,
tham gia vao eau true vai lu each la nhung dgng lir
linh
thai.
Nhieu
Irirong ligp
cung mot don vi
lir nlumg
co
ihe bieii dai niol
so
kieu cau
true
ngu phap khac nhau
Vi
du : dgng
\.\i
r;^.,/;^ r,
j voi
y nghTa
lir virng
la
"lerr'.
nliirng
khi kel

hgp voi phan than cua mgt dgng
lu
khac,
lao ihaiih
nhung dgngj
lu phirc v(vi
hai kieu nghTa khac nhau:
1
.R-
X-^i)-^
-5
J :
len
( bicu
tlii
van dgng
liucVng len jihia lien
)
2.R-
clb//^<j]
xong
(bieu
thi hanh dgng o (rang
ihai
da
lioan ihanh)
- Cac
lir
dc hoi nlur
y

1 (dau).
f: \\
(ai),
/c/o
(cai
gi),
I ^- ;
(khi
nao)
dirge khao sal khi tham gia vao cac dang kel eau.
Vi'
du
lu I ^
<
tj
(bao
nhieu)
dirge dira
vao lir dicn
de
khao
s;il
vol ur e;ieh la ho phan
c iia
e,ie e.in
true sau:
O
<
b "C
b:

Bao nhieu cung
^^< h
ii Jj:\^-':
Bao nhieu cung kh6ng
V K h V
Xi^:
Lam
bao
nhieu cung
^^<
h tn-^X
iy.
Noi
bao
nhieu cung
TCr
dle^i
dac
biei
ehu y
den
cac dang
ihuc
ngu phap cua
dAng tiY
Vf du
dang
thi'rc
dieu kien
yX.

tzh.
4^:,.
t.
dang
thire
nguycn vgng
/j.l^.
dang
Ihuc
y chf
J;
)
. dang
thirc
phu
duih /.H \
dang
ihuc
hi dgng
f^tU),
dang
thirc
sai
kliien
^-tt"^.
Mgi dang
ihue
neu mang mot so y
ngliTa
ngu

phap khac nhau cung
dCki
dirge phan biel ihanh nhung muc tir rieng trong
tir
didn.
nhu trirong
hgp
13^/5 ^Ui
bieu
ihi
cac
kiCu
y
ngliTa
bi dong. kha nang,
kinh ngir
hay
tir
phat trong nhung kieu cAu khac nhau. Hoae phAn biel y nghTa
cua nhung dang eau
iruc
bat dAu tir
mgl
dang thirc ngu phap
civ^
dong lir.
nhung khi kel hop vai cae dgng lir
iinh ihai
khac nhau se lao thanh nhung cAu
iriic

khac nhau.
Vf du:
y X
j
(mgl dang thirc ngu phap cua dgng tir)
1.
I
V-Tfoif
5j
: Lam giup (hg,
giiuii )
(cho
nguoi
khac hoae
vi
Igi
feh cua nguoi khac)
2.
("V-X^g-S
J : Co, duge (mieu
la
su
ion
lai mgl (rang
ihai)
3 .
IV-T 01 ^J
: Cling duoc
4.
IV-T I ^

< J : Lam roi di ( Bieu hien huong van dgng
roi \a dirni
goe)
.'i.
I
V-T
< •<o
J : Di den (Bieu
ihi
(rang
ihai
vAn dong den
diC-ni Ion
tai
CLia ngirai
noi
hoae
mgt diem nao do
duge
coi la
diem
goe.
- Cac
irg
tir: Moi
Irg
tir co
Ihe ihim nliiem
bieu
ihi

nhieu kieu y nghTa
ngir phap trong nhOng ngu canh khac nhau. Mieu la y
ngltia
eua nhung eau
true dirge
pliAii
biel nhau
ilo sir
dung nhung
Iro lir kh.ic
nhau
t-nng
la
niol
iron;'
nhu'ng cong vice
eiia
tir dicn nay.
Vi
du:
lA y ^
5;^\ J
: Nhung, the nh
img
2^
y Z
^DX\ }
:
A
ma nay , nhAn the chuyen do

^•'^<^
'^ '^^IC.I
Dang dinh
ihi xay
ra viec
- Cae quan ngfr: dAy
lA tir
ioai
chiem idn
so xuAt hien
li'rn
nhAt.
ViCc sir
dung quan
ngir
co lien quan chat
die
lai cac each
thd
hien.
diCn dal
mgt kieu
eau true nhat dinh. Cac quan ngu deu
duge
dua vao va xem
xcl irong
nhung
eau
triic
cu the. trong

nhimg kei
hgp voi nhung lir ioai hay nhung
irg
dgng tir
khac nhau. Vf du boat dgng cua quan ngfr
y Ox.(:);(Neu
noi
vC )
duoc
khao sat va phan biet trong cac cau true:
1.
N
c^
I
^;t[^':
ve ihi
neu noi
ve ihi
2 yi^:ty£ jy:Vc
thi nhuno
3 tl''X.l^ /)^h
L;}l4n
>:
Ve Ihi CO ihC
la
4
t
I ^
X.{i\
C b I '(^)Z.t /:-:

:
V6 ihi
nghc
chimg
la
Nhicm
vu
cua nguoi vict la
hirong
dan nguoi
sir
dung
iiicu
y
nglua
cua
tir
mau cau dong thai bict
each di6n
vao nhung cau
Uiie
do
ciie lir ilurc lioj) ly
de
CO the
dicn dat
chinh
xac dicu minh rnuon the' hien. Tuy vay. trong (|ua
trinh
scan

thao,
chung toi thay khong
it truong
hop khong
the'
tini
duoc kien
cau
true
hay y nghTa hoan loan
lirang
I'rng
vdi
lieng
Viet ma
ehi c('> ihe
dien daf
(krac
y
lirong
tu. Khi nay, nguoi
sir
dung phai thong qua cac vi du minh hoa de
hicu cau
true \'a
va
each sir
dung.
Tir
dicn nay gianh cho hai Ioai doi

iirgng.
Doi
luoiig ilu'r
nhal la
nuiibi
Viet nam hoc licng Nhat da dat
dirge trinh
do
Irung
cap hoae cao
cap.
UKriig
dirang
vai
trinh
do bac 1 va hae 2 vc nang
lire
licng Nhat (lieu
ehiifm
do
eiioe
thi nang
lire
licng Nhat cua
chinh
phu Nhal Ban
qiiy
dinh).
IJoi (uoDg (hir
hai

I'd
nguoi Nhat dang hoc \'a
sir
dung licng Vict.
Ket can eua
tir
dicn
dirge
phan chia
Ihco Iral lu ehfr
c;ii
et'ia lieng
Nlial.
bru
dau [it
rt),
I \ 9 s ^>
-J"^
f^^c^^
cac
am eiibi
cung Irong
b;ing
ehu e;ii \i\
io.
^.
Trong
mOi
muc
chiT

cai
cQng dirge irinh bdy ihco
mot
kC'l cAu ihrtng
nhat:
-
Mau
cau
(iheo
ehu cai di1u tien
ciia
mh\
cSu)
-
Phrin
giai
nghia
lirong
I'rng
v(i'\
ijcng
Viet
- Kha nang ket hgp cua
mAu
cau
vdi
cae
lir
ioai
-

Vf du minh hoa bang licng Nhat, co
phfin
chuyen dich nghia sang
lieng Vict.
- Nhung
liru
y {vc phong
each,
pham vi
sir
dung, kha nang thay the', cac
kicu mau lirong dirang )
neu
co.
Vf du:
[ ^tzl^]
(Minh
hog):
Gion}^
nhu;
nhwla,
chdng
hgn
nhir
^N^^^A/CI^NJ
Toi khong
muon
song
(r nhilng
ihanh

j^ho
h'm
chung
han nhif
Tokyo
huv
Osaka
Toi union
gidi ficng Anh
giong
nhw <nih Si/fo
'-•'' Ccu
h noi nay
clirc/c
sii'
cJijfig klu
due/
ra
mot ilol
lu'o'ng nao
(h'> dr lafu
vi
du hay minh hoa. Trong van
plumg In li
Mf,
dufdng
dung fudu
l c^>J:
•) od I
y IZl vr'ri

y ughTa
iKo'ng
i'rng.
TKMig Inrong
hgp
mgl lu
hay mot mau cau co
nhieu
nglua thi
iir
dien
cung tach ra lung
Ioai
nghTa vdi trinh lu duoc
la]")
lai nlur doi
\d\
lung
miic in
doc
liip.
Cong Irinh nay
iluvc ihirc hien
Irong hon 2 nam
viVi giiip dTv eiia
mol so
eiru
sinh vien
chuyen
nganh Ngdn ngu va van hoa Nhal

Bjin khoa
Van hoc.
hoc vicn cao hoc
chuyen
nganh Ngdn ngfr hoc,
\'(>j sir
giup
dd
eua mol so
chuyen gia Nhal Ban dang cong lac lai Viet Nam.
Trong qua trinh nghien
cih.
6i ihirc
hien
c6ng
trinh
vi'^i tir each
la mot
66 tai khoa hoc, chung
tOI
da
hircVng dfln
3
luAn
van cao
ligc ve
cac de tai co
lien quan den
mOt
so

kidu
cau true cau eua ticng Nhal. trong do 2 de lai da bao
ve
vil
dat kel qua
xuflt
sAc.
Ngoai ra, chung toi cung cong
h6 dirge
2 bai bao
voi noi dung co lien quan de'n
d^
tai duge dang
nen
tap chf chuyen nganh.
Do
nhiTng lian
chc nhat dinh, cuo'n
tir di^n
nay
chdc
chiin
chira
bao
gOm
dirge loan bo nhung
inAu
cAu
mA
nguoi

sir
dung mong
niuOn,
cung nlur ehae
chAn
se con co
nhiCu tliieu
sot
vC b6
cue,
ve nOi
dung. Chung loi se
cd gAng
sira
chua,
hicu chinh,
b6
sung sau khi nhan duge cac y kien dong gop
iriroe
khi
dira
vao
xuai
ban.
-A-<r :
-
A-7^^o/c
:
-A-nmi:
4.

Dong lu
-
\'
:
-R- :
-V-
^:
-
V-tz.
:
- V-
4H\
-V-
-C:
- V-
It:
- V-
J;
') :
-W-ixT,
:
- V-
hU7):
-V-r\
-11-
7,
;
.
v-^i-i\
CAC

KY HlO:U
DUOC
SUDUNG
TRONG
TU'DHIN
1.
Danh
tir:
N
2.
Tfnh
tir
dudi
ti:
(tfnh
tir Ioai
2) : Na
3.
Tfnh
tir
dudi
(tinh
li:r Ioai
1)
-
A
: tfnh
ti^r
dang
tir

(hen
-
A- : phan than cua
ifnh tir
- A-< :
ifnh
tudang
<
- A- <
T'CI
\
iinh tir
dang phu dinh
tfnh
tir
dang
T
tfnh
ti;r
dang
/i
Iinh lir
dang dicu kien
dgng
lir
dong
lir dani:Z
lien
dinu'
(long

tir
dang tir dicn
ddn"
lir
dani^
ti
dgng
lir
dang
plu'i
dinh
dgng
lu'
ckuig
T
dgng ur
danj:
gi;i
dinh
dgng
111
dang khuynh
lunVng
dgng
lir
dang kha nang
dong
lir
dang hi ddng
dong tir dang sai khien

de lam
V-
iC
<
l
\
kh(') lam
x>
TtTDIEN
MAU CAU NHAT
-
VIET
^h^^tci
GiCra,
trong
khi
1.
[ N
C7^
ct) I
N/c](
khong gian)
7^l^-^t^^
m (D h I ^ /C (C
7-
U
t:
^r m I ^ /-
—
1 -

I
I—
o
Dat
v6
tuycn
a
giua
bg
gian
va gia
sach.
2.
[NcO,t>,l^/-c]:
Quan
he
giua
it
ill
r.
K
0^
111
J
(X
•)
^
<
f
y

-o
-c
I
^ /,:
I
^
J:
')
/c
„
Giin dAy quan
he
giua
hai
nguoi
co
ve khong
tot.
3.
[V-Tl^5
/ V-
6 $)l ^/c]
:
Trong
klii,
Irong khoang Ihoi gian
WM-fy ^A/^ fs:TlTI ^ 6
PrO(c^4'l\\
7> - t
[.:

L
/.i.
Toi quyet dinh
ra di
trong
kiii
mgi nguoi
cua gia
dinh dang
ngii
rfcx.rj
I.
^h^X
V-{X\:
Neu
duge
phep
ihi

li^LMi^JKCLi^c
ytiiox-^rfy^
hyLXisy^\i:x^^i y{]U{\,
Hoi
kho noi mot
chi'u.
nhirng
neu
cho phep
ihi
loi xin noi

lAng e() le
eon
ong
ba nen
chuyen sang Huong khac
liii
hon.
2.
'^
o':)'X_X-
tuh \|:
Dau dam nao dam

^c(rj\^^)
)j\:Lt'^7Lxyit]yxyyc\.^/y,
-ymi'^^-^ry ^7,„
Toi
dau dam
phan
doi
hii caeii
h'lm
(l('), nhung Ihue
la
\An ehua
ihA) ihal
Ihoa
man.
*
Dong

lir
di
kcm
Ihuoiig
la
nhung
dgiig
lir
bieu
ihi lianh
\'i
iK')i
iiaiig.
nhu
H ')
(n(')i),
XSW.'M ^i"^-)(nho
),
i!'!i^"ih)'^)(gi;ii
iliicli)
llurong
dime klii
MUMMI
phan bien
hay
phe phan
mgl
dicu
gi do.
t^(ii:

t^±/j^
o
T
ct>)/c ^)
1'
ILLPJ
L
-/:IO
Anh ay dung len roi nhin xung
quaiili
2.
TR.
,t>,/j^
7,
]:
xong ( bieu thi hanh dgng
a
trang thai da hoan thanh )
Chiee baiili
mi da
nirong
xong trong rat ngon.
rfc< ^X'i
1.
^h< ^X {{)))
: den cung (thirc hien hanh dgng mol each
Iriet
de)
mtmm^h<:xxhKnLtr
Anh ay phan doi den

lan
cung.
2.
r^
<
-^ -^
(
^) J
1^',^. 1^,-^-,
^.Qi^g (
i^jj-:^,
^i^j ^j.^j^g
^i^/^j^
|,|^|^ ^,|^,-i ^.^-^
|,^^l^
triet dc)
y'AytiizmKXi
^ 6n^T^T
<(,,
|;J;(i;l>,
<
X
X
f,
-K^;^
L
/J>
-^
"C
l ^^,

Ngay ca khi met den
ihe
nao di nua. anh Ay
eiing luon
nhc
iilinng,
\ui \e
1.
^R
<^)lf
Zo
I :
len (tliire
hien mgl hanh dgng
liieo hiuVng Ini
phia
lien
)
^i ituj
a-^
x^
\
X.
5t
'yr-,
(c
flx
'9
1.!
j

•
TL
,
Quyen
liuyen Iranli
bi
ihay
gi;io mang len ircn
mal.
2.
TR
^)(j'
-5 J :
xong (
lliire
hien hoan ihanh mgl
vice
nao (l(')
)
mXM-y%]W^y)
0
^)\ko>'y^t'y
M(:r^^^
hi) /-„
Anh ay da vicl mgl
maeli
xong
.SOO iiang
b;in
lh;\o

eua cuon lien
ihiiyei
rfc/!:;^'>t)J
Giong nhu,
hei
nlur
1 ^htz^-h + N ixh^f)-) (T^X'jfci
Ngay hom do
ihoi tiei
giong het nhu mua xuAn vay
2.
^htz^^h+V -/j^(DXoti]
K'X.ix^tif)^i,ixf)^fc<mx.z,^'-z:y
Li>o)xh7^^
Doi nguoi giong
nlur
mgt giAc mo ngAn
ngiii
chong tan.
^= ^hfzfj^i,}
hriu
nhu
ehi dirge
sirduUg
irong van
viei,
co nghTa
luong
duong voi (
^ ^

X]
von
thirong
dirge dung irong
kliAu
ngu.
^hyj
1.
^hy
j
Tliem
(tfnh
iir ihoi
diem nAo
th')
no di)
^(7^i±t^-^nyiiy7Azixx,y
?,
i^xy^yx-y
De
lAm
xong vice nay
ihi ihem ^
ngay nua la
dii.
2.
^N(7^hyj
Sau
^^/-'i:1v,(7:)f^[c-ol^T#-c<
tyt^i\.

Mgi
ngiroi
hay di Ian
lugi
sau loi
3.
rv-
tzhy] Sau khi
Can phong sau khi
bua
lice kel
lluic liel siie bC
hon.
4.
y
hy
i-y
I
iZ) I
Sau khi
Sau khi xem
pliim
xong, cluing
la
di
An coin Viel
nam di.
1.
^ht-
^)

A/V
-
/;ci/\|
:
Khong
.
I;im,
khong
nia\
10
4.
r^^l/Si ,
fc^V^fij Hoae
,
hoae

m^^^2^ym
L tz'^±fz hlXh
7.
V
^(;tit|'-^:
L .
^.7,^,
^lipj^
L
-f-
n ^"^ CD il
ff^
^ ^^
^7-^

^/,^ ^5 5 ^
Nhung hgc sinh da
irtt
nghiep
pli(5 tliAng bAI
d.lu
binV
vao nhung eon
duong rieng,
hoAc
di
hgc tiep,
hoAc
di
lam
viCe.
1.
^
fc;}!
—
J
:
The ma
(
bieu thi each danh gia
lol
)
ife-'^.
(1wJ^^l^(l•^,
x.ux^]m{^jjfyh7,o)XXA.^

Co
ay
ngiroi nho nhAn the ma
the lire
kha
tot
nhi.
*
Trong cau thirong
sir
dung
T/^Vj^^Vj^j
,
\\f^z )\
de
bieu
ihi
them
sAc thai nhan xcl, danh gia.
2.
^h^\X\
:
Co

thi
cung
la
(ihe
hien thai
do

ncae
nh
Cai
ao
khoac
do co
40.000 yen
di
chang
nua
llii
cung
va
,-,•.•- len
ui la
re.
^hHXh]
Co
vc
la , duong nlur la
h\xX
h^i^if"J;T-f/^on^ooi
t;
i^
Li
VJ>.
/j«x ^
X'Mlj.',S/:-;:,
Anh
ta co

xc
muon thue long
niuo'n giiip
do dAy. nhung nguoe lai.
lai
thanh quAn chAn them.
-i^
' ^bXlX o
J
bie-u
hien thai do danh gi:i
Inroe
nhung hien
luong
ma ban
thAn minh coi
la
khong hinh llurong.
I.
^ly^t^J
:
Duoc.
loi (y
Ian llurong. dong Iinh
)
zo)-]i~!/~h^i^xi'-^2,
X<ny^-jXh^xi-xx,:,
Cai
ao
len nay duge day

nhi.
IIgp
voi
can
lam dAy.
2
2.
Tv ^^/ >j
:
Dirge
v6i,
du
r6i
( y
niuoii tir
choi )
B
l^'^,
^{;tin\
A.
Liim
mgl coc nua nhe
B.
Da
kliOng,
du roi a.
3.
r V Nt Nj : Nao
! (Keu goi
sir ehii

y
eiia
nhung ngiroi tham gia giao tiep )
Nao,
hay nghe dAy.
Tir
gig
im
di, toi sc
l^m
lanh
dao
nlioni
nay.
TiJ
nay lirong
ihig
voi
^XS o L '^ •S J
irong each noi
licli
sir,
iiKYiig
ung
voi
rE}3-^-j
trong each noi khiem
nliuong.
1.
y

i:
I ^ 9
J : Noi
lAng
,
plial
ngon rAng
Toi da noi voi mgi ngiroi rAng sc di, nhung
ihue
ra
ihi
khong
nuidn
di.
2.
y
'!:MoTl^^J
: Noi rAng
LlJlfl
f^
Ay{XXJ'-l'^P<^^hU'Xi ^/tn ^>
l^o'CiN^,,
Anh Yamada noi
rfuig vAii chira
quyei dinh xong.
3.
y
y I
^X.^XlX^
^'^)

\ : Nghe
mu
rang , nguoi ta noi rAng
Nghe n(')i rang
IK-U
uong nu(ic eon suoi nay
ihi
sc Ire
Iro
lai.
4.
TV-ct ')
('I
^ -';
I : Noi
\(i\
rfuig
ha}' lam (
nen.
de
nglii
de ai
An
lam
mot \iec gi)
Hay noi voi can Kimura tra loi
(luyeii
s;ieh
ngay.
5.

TNI
^
N2
i:
I ^ '}
J : C.gi
Nl
hi N2 . len hi
h(DAiX'X:,m^^-mQy'^'ti%
13
Ngudi
kia ten
[h
Ikcbe.
mx^-^\hy ^
L^-r-f)-y
y~
9 ^^j:/:>
L
<
„
Toi ten la Nakayama, rAi
hAn
hanh.
rv^
5 ^T
t/^V>J
la
tAt
yeii.

klioi
phai ban
^mmil^zt^ty-fj^-otzWyi^MiX^
t(:/j^-^fz(Dyxm ')
XX
iy:c
i\
f
Mgt nguoi hoan loan khong den trirong nhu anh ta
ihi
viee
klioiic
the tot
nghiep la dicu
klioi
phai ban.
1 .
r.srt
tu +
V
VJ^J
: It hon,
diroi,
toi da la
^£^^<
4
AJr^XT^'X"yy^—y"^\'yoT
<
/c ^ v ^.
Hay lap thanh nhung nhom loi da hi 4 ngiroi

2.
TN
I vi)^j
:
Ti:r
N tro xuong
Tu hgc sinh Irung hgc tro
xiioiig
duge vao xem mien
phi.
3.
TN
V
^/J
V'-
I
: Khong bAng N
Loai may khong bang con dan.
4.
U
VJ^J
: Duoi dAy
wmx\^i}-o^)y^:>y
x-x,,
Phan ehi
liei
duoc Irinh day duoi da}'.
\\^iy^\^\
1.
TNlvy^l-'J

Ngoai N , ngoai vice
rv I Vj'a V
V
/CWJU
M
14
2.
U^:^-<IHZ

/J:^^J Ngoiii

till
khong
CO

Ngoai CO ay ra
thi
khong ai co the dam nhicm dirge
c6ng
viec nay.
1.
rv
N/j.(-

/J^J
.
D^,
(1^1^,',
)
i^i^^f

the
nao, den duong nao
:y(7^^n^'^\D.Ti^-n:^^L^^i'i^fHx,
ix/^xi^7,xo)mfi/j^hi,
Tlianh plio
nay de
soiig den
duong nAo, cu nhin net
mAl
cua dAn cu o
dA}'
eCing
co the biei.
^f^
Dung
sau
^|,^/J^{^J
llurong
CO cac Ifnh tu
hay
kei cAu
(V-\'ll>/
V-iZ <
I ^j
.
CAii
true nay
dem
lai sAc thai danh gia ve
mire

do dac biel.
virgt
ra ngoai ehuan
mirc
binh thuong.
2.
ri ^7';.[c
T
t)J
:
Dii CO
di
chAnmiua
Du cd
Ihdng
minh den
ckUi
chang
nCra.
nhung neu khdng cd sue
khoe ihi
cung khdng lam duoc
edng
vice nay.
* Cau
true
nay gan
lirong
duong ve y nghTa vdi
I

y'UA^^l:'
X
i^
I
nhu'ng
mirc
do cd
phAn manh
hon.
3.
rv^/j^(.I
^l^-)Tf;J
:
Duc()ha()k^
di niTa
tliT^^!mtz^y,j^
Du anil la cd hao la
diroc
di nua. nhung
mnl minh
ma
sn
ly
mol
\
ice
khd the nay
ihl
khong
(he

diroc dau.
'f^
Can (rue nay cd (he duoe Ihay hang
I t ''/j^i '
}:
f;tl
^x.
\ hong \an
viel.
1?
Hi.
I
1 .
ri
^/J^(-
f^
N fj L I M TliAt
dung
lA

Tlioi
liei hom nay
tliAt diing
la
tlioi
tiei
miia
Ihu.
2.
^^'^H^i ^')ty] Covela ihAl,diingla lhAt

Z<n\i^W\iX7.
| y-^[3|]< ^ I
^/J^{c'{,
(Til
r^-f-•-)/,:(/;/:-;•/J-;
Bg
pliim
nay nghe ngi dung thi
ciing
co ve hay
lliAt,
nhirng toi khong
thfch dien vien him
nen
khong
muoii
xem.
rv ^:^^Aji
Tuy vao, tuy thuge vao.
zn-/yu^^J]i-:^fj^y'
-)
i)AX^i~hf^oyx^-)]\^^i)^Mi,
Vice
nay co thanh cong hay khong hoan loan luy thuge vAo
ii6 lire
eua
mgi nguoi.
1.
rvN< Pjj
: Bao nhieu ( ur hoi )

'^j?.\xX\y^\^^<
hx-xi)\
Ve di Tokyo mgt chicu
ihi
bao
nhieu
lien?
2.
rt^<;
\y,X\^\
: Bao nhieu cung
f—/u
/,c h
X.fXx^y
h
X
f,
rtb 7>
i)
> b
17:'t^
L
X
fi)c
A/
"C
<
/:-
r;?
I \,

Bia Ihl bao nhieu
cfing
co. moi
wp.\(y\
ei'r
yen
lAm
ma uong di.
3.
^\i^
y h>
y^

^rC I M
:
Hail
nhu khong co, co cue ky ft.
/<X/;^,i|',^Xx\yns\yx\,
o ^>
< r,
f,/,:i^„
Khong con
ihoi
gian de
d(U
cho
den
khi xc buyt
loi.
16

4.
r V ^
<
f,
V / A
T -b
J :
L^m
bao
nhifiu
cung khong, co bao nhieu
cung kh6ng.
V ^
<
hm^
LXh,
9 *
<
ii:
0
4^1
^„
Luyen tap bao nhieu cung
khCng
gioi len duge.
V^<
^h'^<Xhni:^fj:\.\
Co
re
bao nhieu cung khong mua.

* Vi ngu cuoi cau
(tfnh
tu hay dgng
tir)
luon
dd a
dang
phii
dinh
5.
ri N
<
1,3

/jMo <ir I ^o T b J
:
Dii CO
bao la di nua
IK
h-^-m^-^^yii^fphyi-^Xh,
lO^-blr^7'/^r'^^oTl^;!l
If,
BmtcixmChi^ixx^
7,t^5
'•)^
Du
CO
noi la khong c6 lai di
chAng
niia,

nhung neu da
eluri
piano den
If
nam thi mgt ban nhac don gian
the
nay
chAc
la eluri duge ehu.
6.
r t ^
<
b /,: A A t) J
: Du
gi
chang nua
tK
b4VvAt,,
^^)/]R(ii^JFJ.•^Aic?j^^-Ti-^••/f:^^/J^.,
Du
gi
ChAng nua thi cao ao
luiy
cung khong
ph:ii
la qua
loe loel \6i
me
ehir.
->'

Cum
^l^< hty/wXiji
nay duoe
sir
dung
CO
dinh
nlurmgtc|uan
ngu.
diing
irong nhung cAu co vi ngu o dang
i'
A
r^
7.
Tl ^
<
[^
V-
A ct r 5 Aj
: Du co the nao di nua
ihi rmh
Hang nay
cung khong thay doi.
IK 67^>A(d;oAAA<b - AA;i^f'i!|!:ii'j[:(i;|MlLA„
Dii CO CO
the nao
nu:'
ihi
kel

cpiii
eung
vA}'
ihoi.
*
Vi ngfr cuoi
cAu Ihirong
la cac cum
MnlL Aj
(giong).
I (i:-',;/)> A
t^J
(danh chiu vay),
r;l!ir:iij),7;:j
(vO
feh).
rv^Aj
I.
'N
V^Aj
:Sau
h(7)^Tnxxn,
All Afi/i;j lA
A(-l:(^
y
A
Ai ^ A < /;: -)
A,-,
17
Sau

sir
kien d6,
nhifng
vi
khdch deii thAm hdu
nhu
kh<^ng
con nua.
2.
^v^AJ TCrgidtrodi
v^AJ:5L<
TCr
gid tro di xin
nhct ngAi
giup do.
rv>^
^;^^j
1.
Ti ^$
$/j.j
Hoi,
mOt
chut
^
[H] o
i^#i
[ i ft IJ [p] i d It -<
T1/
^ ^ ^
/j

^
m m -y €
A
XO{C
,m
-j
„
Toi thay bai thi lan nay so voi
lAn
truoe hoi kho hon.
2.
Ti ^ ^ ^
/j.
^

4^
V >J
Hoan loan
kliOng
'^\B}(Dmx{^mMxi^^
^i)^i,rm,x
^x^xxy/^^
Doi vdi su vice lan nay toi hoan loan khong cd lien can gi
hei
ca.
rv ^ ^ L ^"Aj
the nao
thi
khong bie't, nhung
Cha mc the nao

ihi
khong biei, nhirng cluing
loi
voi
tucaeh
la anh em
rugt thi khong the
cliAp
nhAn dam cuoi
eiia
co em gai.
*
Dung Iru(ic
Tl,
^ ^ \^ '-'j'Xi
llurong la cae danh
lir
voi cae no lu
I ( t J
r^cC
6 J
1^
A o A lb J
de tach biel so voi doi
lugng
dirge phan biel
(V
phAn
sau.
rV^Cj:

9J
1.
rs6
tu +
l/^
C
J;
')
J
TrCn
6 5
ai-aJA)
A(iAJyil47jA::.
A'{C
A^
/j„
Nhung nguoi
Iren
65
Iiidi
sc dirge vao
xem
khong
iiiAi
lien.
2.
rv/
N
I'C
X

1J
Ngoai,
virgi

8
^(^mixm'm:x±.(Di$]W<^hrzhLfz„
Loai
thuO'c nily
co
hieu
qua t6't
vugi
ca
mong
doi.
3.
^
Zil/
^ix/
h^X
V>i:j:9j
Hon
the nay/the kia/the
a'y
^iviy.± h:fj-
^;
-^-f
V^v'^\-7s
y
i±,

^yo^y
z.
7,
Ai
\,
Nhung sach giao khoa
de
hieu
hon
the
nay, hien
nay
khong
co nua.
4.
rv V ^
i:
J;
-) at)
J Da thi
nhat djnh
.se

lfe^J-iCA-^6^v^oTL^oAah,
<t7^AAr)(l)rr-^;ji.Al^
Da luyen
bo hi
lAm
dirge
thi

nliAl
dinh
se
khong chiu
bai eu
ihAl
bai nao
."i.
U-^
C
4; •)
{(D) -l-sotir/Nj
:
Ten
MP:,
MJi,
PM,
t'l'F,
t.^fj,
^y.l" 5o(73^f,i|Tini[A|n|ry)H)i'ilA:
Mmy^£^)x-Xo
Tokyo, Osaka, Kyoto, Kobe, Fukusima,
."i
thanh
plio nen
,sc
la doi
tugng
cua
dgt

dicu
tra lan nay.
6.
ri
NU
X ') fii Ti-enday
%COfy\
L JrJXfrA
'(7nXSX± Xi\
Tren
dAy
la
nhung dieu
ma toi
muon trinh
bay.
rv^-ftij
1.
TlN-TJ^'tLJ
Mot
trong
SO

^{j;v^J ^t^l,^AJ ^AAb'ljAn^j
(/)i^-Jli/j^iio
A-'-^M
'A:
A'^v^
Hay khoanh trdn
vao mot

Irong
cac d
[ddng
yh
(khdng ddng
vh
\c\\
hai
d6u khdng]
2.
U ^•^r;)liC LT i)
I
Mac
dii

nhung
roi
iihal
dinh
se
[hm^/x^nu:^-(DW>frxmii^tun-^xi^'^-/-jj\
i-i^^i(-
19
Anh Yamada da noi
Ih vi
co
vide nen
se
deii
tr^,

nhung
clijic chAn
se
de'n.
*
Ngo^i
ra, c6
the'dCing Ti Ni^^AC
L
^-> J Tv >i==n{C-lt ,|:
| dd
bie\nhj
cOng kie'u
y nghla nAy.
3.
^v^i'=HJ
ChAc chin, nhai dinh se
CO
luc.
^{X^<X^:^-h^j:<Xt,
v^-f;t^AA^c/j:t^^X;}^7:)^5^#/J^5l5;5
Bay gicr
thi
cau chua hicu
ro,
nhung r6i khi tro thanh
ngutti
Ion, nhai
dinh se co
liic

hieu
duge.
* Day la ca'u true dac trung cho ngon ngu viei.
rv>^A/j
1.
Tv
>-(f/^j
Trong suot thoi gian
truo^e
day
^
CO mm^x V 'Xi7umxk
^
A.
A
V
^
S
^
(C
A O A
V
A)
^
Van de nay trong suot thoi gian truoe day chua the giai quyet
dirge.
2.
^l^•ii-AJ
Truoe day
i'Xf/^y-JMZ(D7\sT•/^[Z'/(]X-^tz

^ y
f^
X)
7^
Truoe
day loi da
tiding nghi
lai khach san nay.
3.
TN
V^-if
Aj
Truoe
^(DmxjxiX9^m(D±mmyxm{z.{,inj!^{j^]^^f£mmfyi^^ y
AV^o/'Co
Viing
do, truoe
IrAn
dgng dai km
luan
truoe, da nhieu kin xay ra cac
tran dgng dai nho.
4.
rv-^V^-tlr'Aj Truoe
khi
ylA^xyy!^^l';^•i'7^yXmfph-M'^i::WhLXl^rl„
Hai nguoi
truoe
khi cuoi da song voi nhau roi.
20

rv^-t,;5Vv{C

AV ^J KhOng
the
thuAn
tuy lam
dirge.
fi>coE^^^^AA(ziff
Af-^j-iiA^
::
y
{iA#
Av\
KhOng
the'
ap dat y
kieii eiia riCng tOi
cho mgi
ngucyi
duge.
*
Vi ngu
eiia
cau
thuong
o cac
dang
Ti:
^ A V ^ j f i ^ x, /,: V M
phu

dinh
kha nang
cua
viec
lam.
Cau
true
nay
llurong diing
khi
kliuyen
hay tim hay suy
nghi nhung giai phap khac ngoai nhung
cai da co.
rv^i^^^j
1.
ri ^ A A V
yi\r-fzh\
Neu da mgt
lAn

^ ^
n-m^-yixt-<7,
y-m-ot^
ii:7o^
Neu
da mgt
kin
An
mon

AnTliai
lan thi
iihAi
dinh
,se
nghien.
2.
r t ^ A A
V
i A
V
/i h J
Neil
da
timg
Ihi se
-^ -1 9 V ^ 9
Ti?'^•^-
Amk
L
A:roI
)•
f;1:
h •;
i/^.t^/-„
/,,: fc fy
X,'
A
•^
i't

A to A ^ o
Neu
da
lirng
mgt Ian
Inii
qua
nhung
vAi va nhu
Ihe
nay
ihi
yen
lAm Cn
xay
ra bai
ei'r eliuyen
gi
cung
se
vugi
(|ua
duoc.
rv^o;^^j
1.
Tt ^o/jvj
Khong biei
lir hie nao,
^ A m
A A

V ^ 6
[HI
(',
\ Dip[IR ') \h A
X
L
X.
o
/c,
1:
i /::„
Trong
khi doc
sach, khong biei
toi da
ngii
quen
mai lir hie nao.
2.
A
^O/j^
V
fz\
Da
liuig
vao mgt
liic luio
do
Iruik
day

'yi>iy\X\^^i)-
y
ZipXX)o
/; z
c^r
f)>X,
^).
1;
; /.: %i)'.
I
-,',.,
Toi
CO
cam
giae
da
liriig
gap anh
Ay
mol
hie nao
d(').
(V moi
noi
nAo
(!('>
iruoc
dAy.
3.
Ti/No/j^

((A) J
Deii irKil
hie
naodo
21
jtg?SoTV^t^{f.
v^o75^{ii(l7i^7)^-(0^;^l^ESi6T<n^{iT
Ne'u minh c6' gang,
chac chAn
se co
liic
co nguoi thua nhAn
nO luc iiAy
cua
minh.
rv>or 9(^J Hoan
loan
r30
57-^oA/i^
7'J^t^(iv^o^
9
Am;f^Av^],
T6i doi da 30 phut nhung anh ta hoan loan khong tha'y
xiiAi
hien.
* Dgng
tir
vi ngu
luon 6
dang

phii
dinh, cAu
triic T v ^ o :: "; A A V ^ J
the hien nghla "hoan loan khong".
TV^o ^
V^J
Tuyet nhien, hoan loan
liS(i^-(-llA{ii ^o ^
V^AT'^o(ti~=A/@li;7j^
S')
l5)cAAi
A:-,,
Anh ta tuyet nhien khong dgng lay vao thirc an,
chi c6 uoiig riroii
ihoi.
*
Vj ngu ( dgng
lir
hoae tfnh lu ) luon o dang
phii
dinh, tao thanh
cAu
triic
rv ^o ^ I \ AV ^J CO
nghia "
tuyel
nhien khong ", "hoan loan khong ".
rv
>-o
L;^^J

Khong biei lir
liic
nao, khi khong de y
I ^o
L/JMA/J-AA
A,
:^T^[-;4;ijir./jAr/j^o
At
AA,
Mira
da lanh khcing biei
tir
bao gia,
ircn tioi
hien ra mot
dai
eau
voiig.
* Tt ^O L /J^J
lirong duong ve nghia voi
^ ^o/j^J
nhung
sAc
thai
m;uih
hon va thuong duge (king trong ngon ngu viei.
rv^o AV^J
Phai chAng la
V^o
Ai/M/Jili^t.^'

AV
AJ(^AA
')
-/J\
Phai chAng la anh ay con
soiig.
22
*
Dung
curti can tlurdng lA
cae
iir
nghi
vAn
nlur
f /:-'A 9 /)M
,
AJ
A '">
I ,
^V^o/'C^

t
J Mgl khi da
tlu
t;^
A-1i*3
L
-t^
^< ^) A

A
A, V > -5 /•-
A.Hi^f
L
i'
I',-1
-'Ml•.
X
i'y:n\.
Co ta la nguoi nhieu loi, mgt khi da
bAI dfiu
noi Ihi khong
Ihe diriig
lai
duge.
^'
Tai
chC)
noi
nienh
de, co
the
thay
'
i: J bAng dgng tir dang
'
(
1.
J
hoae

TAO J
rv^o{^9 J
1.
rv >o
(3:
9
J
Trai lai.
ngirgc
lai
0^A[iAf;!AA^I;Av^At-ti/J•^A,'AAV^^).
-AT ^
'i
.'; C(l
ii^ri/;^LA<
A
t)-T-^"^(i[JLv^^v^9 AfJi/Z^Jfl AAV A)„
C) NliAl
ban so phu nu khong
c('>
con dang
lang
len.
Nluuig ngnov
l.n.
o-
My, nhung phu nu khong
c()
cluing nhung lai muon co eon
eiing lAiig

len.
2.
(^
V
<) I ^'"^
[H^
o (A)
I Cling voi
vice
, eon
E^lA'/AJ;'fi'A
IMA'
-JIX,
yx> yo)^-'7 y') ^iMArikjK
A,-r,
Av\
Cling voi
vice
hoan
ihanli
cae cong vice
ciia
minh, loi eiing con
ph;ii lo
lAng
cho cac nhan vien
eiia
minh nua.
3.
Ti,

^^,{X ') XyX

,/ !??-
•';
A(
1;
J
NkU mal
. nhung
mal
kh;k-
lai
mx,
-ilXll
/^•kl-^)i'l:AiiBlJW:l:fA^-
^-r^
c X
A
>•
i ^i
\
d"
''
xixij^mx.myA<
'^MLA.
m^.L/:-A-•'yy^t
^y
ny
Ong
la

mol mal noi eAn phai vui nuing
iiucVe su liCn
bo ve
plnrni.o dkn
xa hoi
ci:ia
phu
nCr,
nhung mAl khac lai noi phu
ml
nen s(im kel hon
lo,
n-lu
viec.
23
4.
rVNo{^9J
Chi theo mot
chi^u.
i>c(Dmmtmit-X7D~Xjtz^
Benh tinh
ciia
cha t6i
chuye^n
bie'n ehi theo
cliieni
huong
xAii
di.
^V^7:eV^J

Trong vong , khoang
10
5->i^[^
(c
^
o T <
^
c/)
"c-,
pf o r I
^
A < ty
^
V
\
Toi se quay lai trong vong 10
phiit,
hay dgi nhe.
*
Diimg iriroc T i
N
AI ^ j
thuong la cac
so
tir.
rv>^A6j
1.
f I ^
I;
- 5

(-
Z;^
o
A
J
Cho
deii
bAy gio moi
v^^
AA(cAoAAA-7 h
AAr^JLJ;
9
>:©OA-b^.
9:.5:tA-
Cho den bAy gio moi dinh dat ve thi muon
r6i.
2.
ri ^ ^
A A V-A
l./V-Zc
y Z A
A!
f)en gid
nu'ri

A AAim^lto AA/ict ^
AA,
t,
9ii^j'fi]i(J;^A'oAv ^/::A 0.
Deii

gio moi dinh
co gfuig
thi khong An
iliua
nua dAu.
rv>^^p3j
1.
A^:i
^ bj BAy gio CO
thi
v^*$
hm^x
hm^Xr,
Bay gio
CO
cam on cung
niugii
mai roi.
*
Dgng lii
dirng
sau llurong co dang A,
fc
tao
tliAiih
cae
cAu inie I I Ac
^ h
V-A
1J

]
,
y^X
^
h y-
A
y Z
A A J
CO
nghia " bAy gio
c()
lam gi
di nua cung chAng co feh gi "
2.
y ''X ^ h
tcfy^
h
J
Deii
bAy
gicr \aii

mA7!)^A< AoA
1
¥^O7^^l^i^0A/)^b
t,o^AA^
L
A
<
A

A
6
J:/)^o/ccT^
ic ^ ^A
A-'^A.
24
Ong
tOi
da mat
1
nAm
r6i.
nhimg
den
gi(V tAi
vAn
tie'e,
gia ma Ong
soiig
them duge
nua thi tot bao
nhieu.
* Phia
cuoi CAu
thuOiig CO
cac tu nhu
^
X.
^) fyfcl.^] (muoii
cam on)

l^
f^Aj
(tiec) bieu
thi
tinh
cam hay
thai
do.
1.
^^i^/cAj BAygidvAn

fccD
AV ^ X
A'A^NMAItJAA-cv
^^
A/-A
A.
Nghe
noi
ngiroi
Ay bAy gio
vAn
nAm
liei
vi
benh
tat.
2.
r IN ^ /::• (i -) V
AH

N J
Den gio
VAn
khong

^
L^AA/j^ib-^i^UA/cocDA,
*/c(A!lir^//-AA:i\,
Da
dal
hang
de'n hon mgl
lliang rOi inA
den
gicr
vAn khong
cd tin
lire
gi.
'^
Day la cac
niAu
cAu dac
trung
cho
ngon
ngu
viei.
A^'^A^-^J
Hien

nay Ihi (
ngay
nay thi)
nhung
AA::^ig'-^^A^L< AiA/v
i-^'x:
fs Ay/y
r-f!i-(/)i:n(A
lVr'i-:/i:
y¥<AyXfzwrx-^rzo
Ngay
nay thi
vice
di du hgc
khong
pluii
la la
lAm
nua,
nhirng Ihoi
bo
con
nho thi di du hgc ehi co
irong
mo
llidi.
*
Sau
A^^AJlAl
o

cuoi mcnh
de
Ihirong
CO
AJ'\|
TV*^
{;!1J
Sc
deii
Ilk, roi se co
liic

h A A (I
fi
I ^
A
V ^ y
h,
Xy
i^-^-oyxy^r'ilE}
fy
X
\n ^
16
/:-"
A
9.
Lam vice
deii
the kia thi sc co hie no se

kiel
sue vi
khong chiu dung
noi
Tv ""^
(.11)
J
Ngay
bAy gio,
6(:n
noi rdi.
AAf,rri/jM''^-^) A9/A
Troi
cd ve mua
deii
noi
rdi.
25