VAI
TRO
cClA PHU NUfVAOpI
NGU
NQCAN
B6
CHU
CHOT
TRONG
CACH MANG VIET NAM
Le
Thi
Hodng
Bo mon Ngoai
ngOr
Trudng
DHSP - DHQG Ha Ngi
Hiu
nCr
chidin mdt niia
nbin
loai.
Giai phdng phy
ntt
la mdt yeu ciu khich quan trong thdi
dai ngiy nay.
H6i
nghj thd gidi vd phy nu hgp 6
Bdc
Kinh ttr 4/9 ddn
15/9/1995

da ra tiiyen
bd,
nhin manh quydt tira
ciia
chfnh
phii
cic
nude
tidn tdi muc tieu ttr nay ddn
nim
2(X)0 la:
blnh
dang, phit tridn vi hoi binh cho phy nii, vi
Igi
feb
cua toan thd loai ngudi.
Phy
nft
Viet Nam cd tmydn thdng
lich
sii rit ve vang: "anh hung, bit khuit, tmng bin, dim
dang". Tmydn tiidng iy da
duge
kdtbtra
vi phit buy b ddi
ngQ
can bd nu lam cdng tic
lanh
dao vi
quan

ly
dudi sy
lanh
dao
ciia
Dang Cdng san Viet Nam. Ddi ngii cin bd lanh dao chu chdt la nit cd
vai trd rit quan trgng
ddi
vdi qui
tnnb
cieb
mang Viet Nam. Do dd,
vSh
dd dat ra hien nay
li
phai
xiy
dimg
ddi ngu can bd lanh dao chu chdt la
nii
dam bao yeu ciu ea vd sd
lugng
vi chit
lugng
dd
gdp phin cho thing
Igi
ciia sy nghiep giai phdng
phu
nii tren dit

nude
ta va dua phy
nti
Viet Nam
boa nhip vio sy nghiep giai phdng phy nir tren pham vi toan thd gidi.
Trong cdng eude ddi mdi
bifn
nay, ddi ngii cin bd
nii:
dang dung tmdc thdi
co
vi
van
hdi
mdi.
Nhiem vu each mang mdi yeu ciu cang
cao
d6i
vdi mgi loai can bd. Ddi ngu cin bd ndi
chung dang b trong tinh trang bit cip. Cin bd nii
lai
cang gap kbd khan, giam siit ca vd sd lugng
va chit lugng, chua ddng bd vd co ciu vi trinh dd, ngudn cin bd dang bi hing hut da anh
budng
d^n
quydn lam chu
ciia
phy nii vi sy nghiep giai phdng phy nii.
Ndi ddn phy nii la ndi ddn mdt niia
nhin

loai. Phu nii da gdp phin to
Idn
vio viec quydt
djnh sy tdn tai vi phit tridn ciia xa hdi loai ngudi. Didu dd thd hien tmdc hdt d thien
chiic
cua
ngudi phu nii la sinh de, duy tri ndi gidng, nudi day nhiing
Idp
trd ttr khi
Igt
Idng
ddn khi tmdng
thanh. Phu nii la lye lugng
lao
ddng hung
biu,
ddng gdp to
Idn
vio viec lam ra cua cai vit
chi(
i
vi tinh thin lira cho xa hdi tdn tai va phit tridn; nhung phu ntr lai rit ft duge
budng
thy
nhiingT"
san phim va thanh qua ma bg da tao ra; Hon niia, hg phai ginh chju nhiing thiet thdi,
la
nhiing
ngudi chiu thiet thdi nhit. Hien nay, tren thd gidi, trong sd din rati chii, phu ntr chidra tdi 2/3;
phu nii vin

la
nan nhin cua sy phin biet ddi xir d gia dinh, noi lam viec, trong tmdng
bgc
va co
quan lanh dao; phu nir vin tidp tyc chju dyng nhung ganh nang nhit cua sy thit bai vd xa hdi va
kinh
td'
b bit cii noi nio mi hg sinh sdng
Vah
dd giai phdng phu ntr con gin
lidn
vdi viec nhin
tbtre
ro khi ning va vai trd ciia phu
nii trong viec phu nii tham gia boat ddng xa hdi, nhit la viec tham gia lanh dao, quan ly dit
nude.
Tren thd gidi da xui't hien nhidu phu nir vugt qua mgi kbd khan trd ngai, phin diu ning
cao dja vj xa hdi ciia
minh
len
nhung vj lanh dao cao trong cic qudc gia. Gin
diy
vai trd ciia phu
nir cang trd
nen
ndi bit hon bdi sy ding quang lien tidp cua cic nir nguyen thu qudc gia.
Th^
gidi da timg bidt ddn nhung nir thu tudng ndi tie'ng. Trong vdng 2 thip ky gin diy da
cd tdi hing chuc phu nir giu cuang vj hoac vio hang ngu
ngyyen

thu qudc gia nhu A n Dd, Anh,
Xrilanca, Pakixtan,
Balan,
Bangladet, Nicaragoa, Thd
Nbl
Ky, Canada, Phap,
Phihppin
Hg
khdng
chi
duge hudng vinb quang
eiia
mdt nhan vat quan trgng ma edn phai chju cd mdi nguy
hidm (bj im sit, bj ebdt hut). Trong sd bg, cd nbirng ngudi diy nii tfnh,
dil
ban bju nhidu cdng
viec qudc gia vin khdng bao gid quen nhiem vu lam me, lam vg. Didu dd
ebiing
td ring: phu nii
khdng chi quan tam ddn viec day dd eon cai va ndi trg ma edn rit chu y ddn thdi eude va cd
nhidu kbd nang tham gia vao sy nghiep chfnh tri, cdng tie lanh dao quan ly. Va khi hg da quydt
tam lam
ehinh
tri thi tai nang cua hg chdng thua kem gi dan dng.
6 Viet Nam, phu nu tham gia quydn lye chfnh tri cip cao ngay
til nbihig
ngay diu cua
Ijch
sii din tdc. Dd la nhung ten tudi phu nir mai mai duge cic thd he
ehiing

ta ngudng rad: Hai
Bi Tmng, Ba Trieu, Hoang hau Duong Van Nga, Nguyen phi Y Lan Ttr cieb raang Thing
Tim ddn nay, dac biet trong thdi ky ddi mdi, phu nu tham gia vio bd miy lanh dao cip cao ngay
cang nhidu ban. Hien nay, ebiing ta cd 1 phd
ebii
tjeh nude, 1 bf thu TW Dang, 6 bd tmdng, 24
thut
tmdng vi
tuong
duong,
ban 80 vu tmdng, vu phd va
tuong
duang, 150 tdng giam ddc vi phd
tdng giim ddc la nir.
('Truong
My Hoa: Vai trd eiia phu
nU Viet
Nam trong phdt trien kinh te, xa
hoi, tham gia quan ly
Nlid
nudc vd dinh hudng phdt trien den nam 2000. Tap chi Cong sdn sd
14
thdng 10/1995, trang
/.'>).
d
nude CHND Tmng Hoa da timg cd 2 phd
cbii
tjeh Hdi nghj hiep
thuong,
2 ntr phd

chii
tjch qudc vu vien, 4 bd tmdng va tbur tmdng. Han Qudc, nam 1988 cd 1 nii bd tmdng, ddn nam
1993 cd 3 bd tmdng la nir. Xrilanca da xuit hien cap nir tdng thdng va nii thu tudng la 2 rae eon.
Trong
ehinh
phu Phip, hien nay cd tdi
12
nir bd trudng.
d
My cd nii lam bd tmdng Bd Tu phip,
duge
menh danh la "ngudi phu nu
thep",
nhung ba vdn la ngudi me hidn
eiia
4
dira
con.
Qua dd ta tbiy, mac
dti
chju sy tie ddng trye tidp hoac anh hudng
ciia
tan du tu tudng
"trgng nam khinb nu", nhung trong
Ijeb
sir
eiia
nhan loai da xuit hien nhidu
guong mat
phy ntr

lanh dao cip cao va duge thira nhan la tai nang. Dae biet d Viet Nam, tmydn thdng dd xuit hien
sdm. Do vay, cin nhan
thiie
ring phu nir tham gia lanh dao
chii
chdt la mdt
yeu
ciu
ciia
sy phit
tridn dit nude va tbye hien nam nu binh ddng; phu nu cd nhidu
phim
chit bim sinh td't nhu
diic
tfnh vj tha, tinh thin trach nhiem va nang lye td ebtre va quan ly. Vi
valy,
viec phit hien, dio tao
va pbat buy tii nang ntr la trach nhiem
ciia
eac td chire Dang, Nba nude, doan thd va ciia toan xa
hdi.
Khdng ai cd thd
pbii
nhan vai trd cua phu nir vi ddi ngu cin bd lanh dao chu chdt la ntr
trong qui trinh cieb mang tren thd gidi ndi chung va d nude ta ndi rieng. Didu nay thd hien mdt
each rd
n6t
qua tu tudng
ciia
Hd Chi Minb. Ngudi da kd thtra, phit trien va van dung sing tao

quan didm
ciia
chu
ngbia
Mae - Lenin vd van dd phu nii vi cin bd nir. Ngudi dinh gii
diing
vai
trd va kha nang
ciia
phu nir trong gia
cTmb
va ngoai xa hdi. Bie da khdng djnh: "Non sdng
g&n
vde Viet Nam do phu nir ta, tre eung nhu gia ra
siic
det
theu
ma
nen
tdt dep rye rd", "Xem trong
Ijeh
sir, cieb menh chdng cd
lin
nao la khdng cd dan ba con gii tiiam
gia
Cieb menh cung
phai cd
nO
gidi tham gia mdi thanh cdng".
Trong thdi ky boat ddng bf mat d nude ngoai, Bic Hd da trye tidp td

chiic
cic
Idp
bdi
dudng buin luyen
can bd eich mang nude ta, trong dd cd nhung cin bd nir uu tii diu tien nhu
chj Nguydn Tbj Minh Khai. Bie rit quan tim ddn viec xiy dyng ddi ngu cin bd nu. Ngudi ta
timg nhdc nbd: "Dae biet phai
chii
y eat nhde can bd
pbii
nir vio cic co quan lanh dao, nhit la
cic nganh boat ddng tbfeh hgp vdi phu nir".
10
Cin bo nii hoin toin cd diy du tinh thin va kbd nang tham gia cic boat ddng xa hdi, ddng
gdp vdi phong trio chung. Dae biet, cin bd nii cd tic dung trye tidp, rit manh ddi vdi phong trio
phu nii. Mudn cd phong trio phu nir thi phai cd cin bd nu. Ngugc lai, phong trao phy nii phit
tridn nhanh hay
chim,
thanh qua ddn mire dd nao la do cin bd ddng vai trd quydt djnh. Bic Hd
die biet quan tim ddn viec dao tao cin bd ntr.
Qunh
Bie da manh dan dd bat cin bd nti,
sii
dung
diing
sd tmdng va kha nang cin bd ntr. Quan didm ciia Bic
li
ting cudng cin bd nii vi dua phy
ntr vao cic cip lanh dao, phdi bidt phit buy uu didm cua cin bd nii. Nhung uu didm dd xuit phit

tit dac didm tira ly, ban chit tdt dep eiia phu nii li cin thin, chu dio, tidt kiem trong tieu diing,
gin gui vi hoi
minh
vdi phong trao quin
chiing.
Ngay ttr khi mdi thinh lip va trong sudt qui trinh lanh dao
cieb
raang Viet Nara, Dang ta
da quan tim ddn sy nghiep gidi phdng phu nii. Trong mdi giai doan
each
mang.
Dang da cd chii
tmong,
chinh
sich cu thd phu hgp dd phit buy ning
lyc
vi trinh dd
ctia
cin bd nii. Nhd cd dinh
gii ding vd vai trd ciia phu
nir.
Dang ta da thu hut duge toan thd lyc lugng to
Idn
ctia phu nii di
theo Dang. Phu nii Viet Nam da
tfeb
eye hudng ting va tham gia cic phong trio
cieb
mang;
nhidu chj da diu tranh anh dung va by sinh

oanh
bet. Trong chidn
tranh
chdng My
cuu
nudc.
Dang ta da kip thdi ra 2 chi thi "Mdt sd vin dd vd td chiic va
lanh
dao cdng tic phy vin" va "Vd
cdng tic dio tao bdi dudng cin bd nii", coi dd
la
vin dd cd tfnh chit qudc sich rai ragi cin bd
ciia Dang phai
die
biet quan tira. Dang da xic djnh ro muc dfch ting cudng can bd nii se phit
buy kha ning, tn tue cua chi em ddng gdp vao sy
lanh
dao toan dien
ciia
Dang va cdng viec
qudn ly ciia Nha nude. Didu dd thd hien cu thd trong chi thi 44 ciia Ban Bf thu TW Dang (1984):
"Trong
CO
ciu cip uy Dang va eac co quan quan ly kinh td, qudn
15^
Nha nudc, cic doan thd, phai
cd cin bd nft b nhttng vj tn' chii chdt cin thidt, nhit li b nhiing
llnh
vyc ma cin bd nii cd nhidu.
didu kien dd phit buy kbd nang", quydt djnh

eiia
Hdi ddng bd tmdng quy djnh trich nhiem cic
cip
chinh
quydn trong viec bao dim cho cic
ci'p
cua Hdi Lien hiep phu nu Viet Nam tham gia
quan
ly
Nhi nude. Hdi da td chire cic phong trao: "Phu nir ba dam dang", "Phu nit
giiip
nhau
lam
kinh td gia dinh", "Phu nii nudi eon tdt gdp phin ban ebd tre era suy dinh dudng va bd
bgc",
Trong qui trinh chuydn ddi ea ebd qudn
ly
kinh td, ttr co chd quan ly bao cip sang co chd
thi tmdng,
nira
1994 Ban chip binh TW Dang ra chi tbj "Vd radt sd vin dd cdng tic cin bd nti
trong tinh binh mdi". Chi tbj da
chi
ra: "Viec nang cao ty le can bd nii tham gia quan
ly
Nha
nudc,
quan
^
kinh td - xa hdi la yeu ciu quan trgng dd thit sy thd hien quydn binh ddng, din

chii cua phu nir,
li
didu kien dd phit buy tai nang tn tue va ning cao dja vj xa hdi ciia phu nii".
Ngay nay, phu ntr da duge binh ddng vdi nam gidi trong viec eung vdi nara gidi thara gia
vao cdng viec lanh dao Nhi nudc va quan ly xa hdi. Ddng va Nha nudc ta da dd ra vi tbye hien
nhidu bien phip hiiu hieu dd dio tao, bdi duong, giio due, ning cao trinh dd cho phu nii cd dii
kha nang tham gia quan ly nha nudc.
Nhu
viy.
Dang ta da danh gia diing vai trd cua phu nii Viet Nara, da phe phin nhiing
quan didra nhin
tbire
hep hdi, sai trai,
stra
chira nhung thidu sdt trong viec td ebtre
tbye
hien, tidp
tue
dd ra nhiing chit tmong chinh sich diing ddn dd dio tao bdi dudng ddi ngu cin bd chu chdt la
nii nhira phit huy kha ning cua phu nir trong cic giai doan each mang,
die
biet la trong cdng
eude ddi mdi hien nay.
(Xem
tie'p
trang 58)
11
Tdi lieu tham
klido
1.

Uy ban qudc gia vi sy tidn bd cua phu nii Viet Nam: sd heu vd phu nft Viet Nara
1985-
1994.
Nxb thdng ke, 1995.
.
2. Hd
Chi
Minb: Vdi vin dd giai phdng phu nu. Nxb
Riu
ntr,
H.
1970.
3.
Lenin: Vdi
viii
dd gidi phdng phu ntr. Phu nir. 1970.
4.
Tmong My Hoa: Vai trd
eiia
phu nir Viet Nam trong phit tridn kinh td, xa bdi tham gia
quan ly Nhi nudc va djnh hudng phit tridn den nam 2000. T/C cdng san sd 14 thing 10/1995.
SUMMARY
Role of women an
ofTiel
feministe in Vietnam revolution
Role and importance of women in social activities especially inleading and management.
According to Ho Chi Minb opinion, women are eapables of taking over important work. Thus,
our Party need to have reasonable policy for women.
58