lncredible
Earth
Richard Northcott
Read
and discover all about our incredible Earth
.
What is
a
votcano?
.
Where is the deepest
take on
Earth?
Read
and discover
more
about the world!
This series
of
non-fiction readers
provides
interesting
and educationaI content, with
activities
and
project
work.
Series
Editor:
Hazel Geatches
,9

nudio
CD
Pack
avaitabLe
Word count for this reader: 1,700
Levet
3
600 headwords @
o
Level 5
900
headwords
Level
5
1,050 headwords
/
a
fio"f"'.f;",0,
Cover
photograph:
Science
Photo Library
lAsh
ptume
from Mount St Hetens in 1980)
OXFORD
ENGLISH
lsBN
978-0-
1 9-464438-9

||[ill||illllllillll
Earth
Richard Northcott
Introduction
1 Earth's
Crust
4
2
Oceans 6
3 Rivers and Waterfalls 8
4
Gtaciers and
lcebergs 10
5
Hot Water L2
6
Mountains
and
Lakes t4
7
Caves
16
8
Earthquakes and Tsunamis 18
9
Deserts 20
10 Erosion 22
Activities 24
Projects 44
Picture Dictionary

46
About Read and Discover
48
OXTORD
UNIVERSITY
PRESS
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I
PriDtcd
iD Chinr
ACIiNOWI,EDGI]MI]N TS
liirslrliti(r6 iry:
Kelly Kqucdy
pp
9. I l, 20; I)usnu
Pivlic/
Beehive
lllustration
pp
25, 26. 30. ll2. il8.
40. 46. 47: nlan

Rowe
pp
25,26.28,40,46.47:Jrne
Snith
pp
4. 18. 19.
The
lulrlisltr
woulLllii(e to tlmnk thcJbl/(\yin.q]i)r
lltrir kinri
pcmission
to reproduce
lhntogruplts
unLl olh!r co.l'yngJrt Dtdtfljdl:
Alany
pp
3
{Creg
Vaughn),
6
(dbimrges),
1 3
(Robcrt
Hrrdi[g
Picture Library/Pamukkale),
l7
(Chris
HowcsMild
Places
Photography/Sarawak

Chrmber,
JUPITERIMACIS/Agcncc
hragcs/Lascaux),
18
(Hans
Wcstheinr
Photognphy), l9
(DEDDEDA);
Corbis
pp
9
(Layne
Kennedy). 1 1
(Paul
SaDders).
l2
(AdanJones).
16
{Robert
Dowling}, 20
(Kazuyoshi
Nomachi). 21 (Peter
Adams), 23
(Ron
Watts);
Getty lmages
pp
5 (Ralph
Lee Hopkins/National
Geographic/painted

clese11).
7
{Jeff
Hunter/Photognpher's
Choice/iurtld. 13
(Koichi
Kamoshida/monkeys), 14 (Jon
Hicks/l,hotogmplrer's
Choice), l5
(Dnitry
Kostyukov/AlP),22 (Daryl
Bcnson);
Oxfbrd Universiry
Prcss
pp
7
(coral
island),
8,
10;
Ragnar'Ih.
SigalrdssoD/Arctic Images
p
5
(Suft
sey).
With
,hon/$ k) Ann [ullickJbr scicncc checking
Don't
go

near! This is
a
volcano,
and
it's
erupting. Volcanoes
are dangerous, but they
are beautifut,
too.
There
are
many
other
incredible
places
on
Earth
-
high
mountains,
great
rivers,
big deserts
:,
'riiitf,"
What is
the
highest
mountain
on

Earth?
What is
the biggest
hot
What is the
deepest [ake?
What incredible
places
do
you
know?
tEoffiffifkW
Earth is round,
like an orange.
Oranges
have
a skin
and
Earth has
a skin, too.
\7e
call this skin Earth's
crust. IJnder
the crust
there is
very hot rock.
E,arth's
crust has
different
pieces.

These
pieces
move very,
very slowly. Millions
of
years
3go, the
pieces
moved
and made
mountains.
LInder mountains
the crust is
thick, but
under the ocean it's
thinner.
When two
pieces
of the crust move and
meet)
there
can be earthquakes.
A
volcano is
a hole in
Earth's
crust.
$7hen a
volcano
erupts, hot

rock
flies out from
under
the
ground,
and
melted rock
pours
out
over
the
ground.
Volcanoes
under
the
ocean
sometimes
make
new
islands.
In L963,
a
volcano in
the Atlantic
Ocean
made
a new
island
called Surtsev.
There

are many
different
rocks in Earth's
crust.They
are millions
of
years
old.The
rocks
are often
different
colors. In
the
Painted
Desert
in Arizona
in
the USA.
vou
can see the
different rocks.
@
_-r\
l/,
\_i_
@rceams
On
Earth there is more ocean
than land.
The Pacific Ocean

is the biggest ocean.
It's bigger than
Africa!
Did
you
know
that there
are mountains
and
valleys
under the ocean? Some
of
these
mountains are bigger than
the biggest
mountains on
land. In
the
deepest
parts
of
the ocean, the water
is l0 kilometers deep.
The water in the ocean
is
always
moving.
\il7aves
hit
the

land and break the
rocks.
Sometimes, big
pieces
of rock
fall into
the ocean.
They leave big cliffs,
like the
beautiful Uluwatu Cliffs
in
Bali
in Indonesia.
S7here the
ocean is warm, we sometimes
find coral. Coral
is made of millions of very
small animals
that make hard covers around
themselves. $7hen
the animals die, the
hard
covers make the coral
reef.
The
Great
Barrier Reef near Australia is
the biggest coral
reef in
the world.

It's
21600 kilometers long. Sea turtles, dolphins,
and many other amazing animals
live there.
etm
Rivers
usually
begin as
streams in
mountains.
The
water comes from
rain
or snow.
All rivers
then
go
to the
ocean.
Big
rivers
are very
strong.
When
the
ground
under
a river is
soft, the river
makes

valleys.
\7hen the
ground
under it is hard
rock,
there
are waterfalls
or rapids.
One incredible
waterfall is
the Iguazu Falls
between
Argentina
and
Brazll.
Iguazu
means
'big water' in
an old language
of
South America.
K]
There's
more water
in the
River Amazon
than
in any
other
river

in
the
world.
It begins
in the
mountains
in Peru and
Ecuador.
Then
it
goes
through
the rainforest
in Brazil, and
to
the Atlantic
Ocean.
There are
no bridges
on the
Amazon.
First,
the
river
goes
through
rainforest
and
there
are no

roads. Then,
near
the ocean,
the
river
is very wide
so
people
can't
build
bridges.
They cross
the
river
by boat.
calted
anacondas.
Some
grow
to 9 meters
[ong.
The
Amazon
is the home
of one of
the longest
snakes,
*
Go
to

pages
28-29
for activities.
Lffi}di
The
coldest
places
on Earth
are in
the
highest
mountains,
and
at the
North
and
South
Poles.
Flere,
there
are rivers
made
of
ice.
They
are
called
glaciers.
Glaciers
begin

when
snow falls.
Mountain glaciers
move
very,
very
slowly
down
the
mountain.
\When
the
ice melts,
the
water
goes
into
rivers.
It
can
take
thousands
of
years
for
the
water from
a
glacier
to

get
to the
ocean.
At the
North
and
South
Poles,
where
the
glaciers
are
near the
ocean'
very
big
pieces
of
ice break
off.
These
are
called
icebergs.
Icebergs
move
slowly
on
the
ocean.

Near
the
North
Pole,
Ilulissat
is one
of
the
most
incredible
places
on
Earth
-
and
one
of the
coldest.
The
glacier
and
icebergs
here
are
very,
very
big.
The
glacier
is about

40 kilometers
long
and
it moves
slowly
to
the
Arctic
Ocean.
It moves
about
30
meters
every
day.
@cebergs
are
dangerous
for
boats.
Most
of
the
ice
is under
the
water,
so
people
in boats

can't
see
atl
the
ice.
*
Go
to
pages
30-31
for activities.
Imagine
you
are
in
this
park.
Suddenly,
you
hear
a loud
noisc
of
water
moving
very
fast.
Then
hot
water

and
steam pour
out
of
the
ground.You
are
looking
at
a
geyser.
What
makes
a
geyser?
When
it
rains
or
snows,
the
water goes
into
the
ground.
Deep
under
the
ground
there

is
hot
rock.
If
rainwater
touches
a lot
of hot
rock,
it
begins
to
boil.
Then
there's
a lot
of
steam.
Suddenlg
the
water
can't
stay
under
the
ground.
It
has
to
come

out.
Geysers
are
very
hot,
so
don't
go
near
them!
These white
cliffs
look like they are
made of
ice, but they are
really
made of rock.
Hot
water
came out of
the
ground
and
poured
down the
mountain.
Then minerals
in the
water
made these

incredible
cliffs.
They look
like waterfalls,
but they
never
move. They
are thousands
of
vears
old.
At
the
Jigokudani
Monkey Park
in
Japan,
hot
water
from under the
ground
makes
pools.
When the
weather
is
cold,
monkeys
sit
in the warm water.

&
Go to
pages
32-33
for activities.
'/
t
f'{
+1,
_q
.,r*e'
The
biggest
mounrain
chain
in
the
world
is
the
Himalayas
in
Asia.
It
began
when
two
pieces
of
Earth's

crust
met
and
moved
up.
They
began
to
move
about
50 million years
ago
-
and
they
are
moving
now,
very
slowly.
The
top
of
Mount
Everesr
in
the
Himalayas
is
the

highest place
on
Earth
-
it's
about
9
kilometers
above
the
ocean.
Everest
is
very
big
and
it's
getting
bigger.
The
top
of
Everest goes
up
about
5
millimeters
every
year)
because

Earth's
crust
is
moving
ail
the
time.
Near
high
mountains
there
are
often
deep
lakes.
The deepest
lake
in the world
is
Lake
Baikal
in
Russia.
It's
more than
1r600 meters
deep.
Scientists
are exploring
the

lake in
small
submarines.
Lake Baikal
began
when
pieces
of
Earth's
crust
moved
and
made a deep
hole. \7ater
from 330
rivers
goes
into
Lake
Baikal.
There's
more
water
here than
in all
the
Great
Lakes
in North
America!

S
Go to
pages
34-35
for activities.
{.
Caves
are
incredible
underground
worlds.
Many
people
are
interested
in
them.
What
makes
a
cave?
Near
the
coast,
ocean
waves
hit
cliffs
and make
holes.

In
the
mountainsr
the
moving
ice
in
a
glacier
makes
caves
in
the rock.
The
most
incredible
caves
are
in
soft
rock
called
limestone.
Rain
falls
on the
limestone
and
makes
holes.

Slowly,
the
holes
grow
bigger
and
make
caves.
This
takes
thousands
and
thousands
of
vears.
Caves
are
usually
very
wet
because
water
comes
through
the
rock.
SlowlY,
the
raindrops
mix with

minerals
and
build
incredible
rock sculptures,
called
stalactites
and
stalagmites.
Thousands
of
years
&go,
people
lived
in
caves.
They
didn't
have
books
or
paper,
so
they
drew
.
pictures on
the cave
walls.

People
drew
this
picture in a cave
in France,
about
16,000
years
ago.
r1,tl.:,
The
Sarawak
Chamber
in
Borneo
is
the
biggest
cave
in
the
wortd.
lt's
[onger
than
ten
big
p[anes!
/'f
Go

to
pages
36-37
for activities.
Usually,
Earth's
crust
moves
very
slowly
-
only
a few
millimeters
every
year.
Sometimes,
two
pieces
of the
crust move
suddenly
in
different
direcrions,
and
then
there's
an
earthquake.

Earthquakes
are dangerous
because
buildings
sometimes
fall
down.
\il7hen
there's
an
earthquake,
people
in
buildings
go
under
a heavy
table.
Or they
stand
between
two rooms.
These
are
good
ideas
-
they
can help
to keep

people
safe.
There
are
earthquakes
under
the ocean,
too.
IJsually,
they
are
small
and
not
dangerous.
Sometimes
an
earthquake
under
the
ocean
makes
a
giant
wave
called
a
tsunami.
Tsunamis
can

be
very
dangerous.
After
a tsunami,
there
are
often
floods.
There's
water
everywhere.
Flouses,
cars,
and
trees
are
in the
water.
The water
isn't
clean,
so
many
people
are sick.
In 2004'
there
was a
very

big
tsunami
in the
Indian
Ocean.
Many
people
died.
&
Go
to
pages
38*39
for activities.
nttTD-s
ffi
EJ(
iI
\ l
Camels
can
live
for
a week
with
no water.
A
desert
is
a dry

place,
with
almost
no rain.
About
20
percent (.X,)
of
the land
on
Earth
is
desert.What
are deserts
made
of?
Some
deserts
are made
of sand,
and many
deserts
are made
of stones
or rocks.
Deserts
are
usually
hot,
but not

always.
Antarctica
is
a cold
desert. It
docsn't
rain
often
there.
but
there's lots
of ice.
The
Sahara
Desert
in Africa
is
the
biggest
hot
desert
on Earth. It's
bigger
than
Australia!
The
animals in
the
desert
can live

there
because
thev
don't
drink
verv
often.
In
Bolivia
in South
America,
there's
a
desert
made
of
salt.
It's called
the
Salar
de
Uyuni.
About
40,000
years
ago
it was
a saltwater
lake,
but

now the
ground
is
hard
and
dry
most
of the
time
. Souretimes
the
ground looks
like a
big
mirror.
Many
people visit the
Salar
de Uyuni
becausc
it's an
incredible
place.
There's
even
a
hotel
made
of
salt!

r :1 'llill::':';

;l\
Go
to
pages
40-41
for activities.
In
the
Colorado
River
in
the
USA,
erosion
began
about
20
million
years ago.
The
river
moved
over
the
rock
and
slowly
broke

it'
Sun,
cold
weather,
and
wind
broke
the
rock,
too.
All
these
things
made
the
incredible
deep
valley
called
the
Grand
Canyon'
\7ind,
rain,
sun'
and
snow
-
the
weather

is
a
part of
Earth's
story.
Sun
and
wind
make
deserts.
Glaciers
move
between
mountains
and
make
valleys.
Rain
falls
on
limestone
and
makes
caves

This
story
began
millions
of

years ago,
and
it
is
still
going on.
\7hat
an
incredible
story
it
is!
Where
are
these rocks?
Are
they
on
the
moon?
No,
they
are in
Cappadocia
in
Turkey.
They
look
like
sculptures,

but
no
one made
them.
Really,
the
windy
weather
made
them.
These
rocks
are
not
very
hard.
The
wind
blows
on
them
and
very
slowly
changes
them.
When
the
weather
changes

Earth
in
this
way,
we
call it
erosion.
$!
f
Read
pages
4-5.
1 Match.
Comptete
the
sentences.
crust
hotes
ocean
etd
rocks
volcano
Some
mountains
are
millions
of
years
,:!,,1
When

pieces
of
Earth's
meet,
there
are
someti
mes
ea rthq
uakes.
Volcanoes
are
The
rock
in
a
in
Earth's
crust.
is
very
hot.
Sometimes
a votcano
under
the
makes
a new
island.
6 In

the
Painted
Desert
the
cotors.
and
write the
words.
1
!j:=
4 Circle
the
odd
one
out.
1 Japan
LFutlh,
Russia
China
2 orange
apple
banana
skin
3
move
fatt
piece
eruPt
4 votcano
dangerous

beautifuI
incredibte
5
in
under
on
ground
6
red brown
desert
Yetlow
IeN.tk-s
CwsJs*
3
Find
ffi
@
w
effi
@
-<^a

\-
1
2
3
4
5
6
Earth

is
"
Earth's
crust
is
mi[tions
i
The
pieces
of Earth's
crust
'
There
are
different
rocks
'
Under
Earth's
crust,
there's
There
are votcanoes
under
of
years
o[d.
the
ocean.
in

Earth's
crust.
round.
very
hot
rock.
move
very
stowty.
1
2
3
4
5
w
a d
m i
S t a
n d
z t t
o
k
v
b
o
t b
d
I
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u

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c
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t E
d
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e a
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u
a
k e
a
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a
k t o
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h
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o
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iu
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9
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t
o
W
jih-,*t**,"nr*rrr.JtF*nq41imruflry{$+ii*
!fl}r,rri!/mfu'$ys4*fl,$*wffi!.

are
different
ts'${*w'sKr*s,€
wi'$vqlB{eil
ffiq
&
ffi€ssns
S
Read
pages
6-7.
g
Write
the
words.
cliffs
coraI
dotphin
sea
turtle
vetteir
waves
r
Write
true
or false.
1
There
are
mountains

under
the
ocean.
2
Africa
is
bigger
than
the
pacific
Ocean.
3
Waves
can
break
rocks.
4
A
coral
reef
can
make
an island.
5
The
Great
Barrier
Reef
is
near

Africa.
6
Sea
turttes
live
in
coral
reefs.
Answer
the
questions.
1 What
is
the biggest ocean on
Earth?
2 How
deep
is the deepest water
in
the ocean?
3
Where are the Utuwatu Ctiffs?
4 What is
coral
made of?
5
Where is the Great
Barrier Reef?
Add
the

words
and
write correct sentences.
1 The Pacific Ocean
is
than
Africa.
(bigger)
'
2 There are big
mountains the
ocean.
(under)
3
When waves hit the [and, rocks
into
the ocean.
(fatt)
4
CoraI
is hard, it isn't
made
of
rock.
(but)
ffi
3
2
ii
iri

ffi
w
r
5
Many amazing animats
near coral reefs.
(tive)
w
ffi
#wwffiffi
ffi reW
%Wm&ww#'m
W ffi w
f
Amazon anaconda
BraziI
4
Write the
words.
lguazu Fatts ocean
rainforest
&
Read
pages
8-9.
river
waterfa[[
g.
Write
the

words.
mountain
rainforest
Circle
the
correct
words.
t
The
lguazu
Fatts
are
in
Austratia
/
south
America.
2
The
ground
under
waterfatts
is
hard
/
soft.
3
The
Amazon
begins

in
the
mountains
/
ocean.
4
The
Amazon goes
through
,/
under
the
rainforest.
5
The
Amazon
/
anaconda
is
a
very
long
snake.
Circle
the
odd
one
out.
1
river

ocean
waterfaI
kitometer
2
water
rain
rock
snow
3
snake
waterfal[
river
rapids
4
mountain
hard
soft
strong
5
Peru
Ecuador
Amazon
Braztl.
1 A[[ rivers
go
here.
2 This big
river is in
South
America.

3
There
are
many trees here.
4
This
country
is in
South
America.
5
This is
an
incredibte waterfa[[.
6
This is a very long snake.
ffi
q'@
ffi3
the
the
the
the
the
Write correct
sentences.
1 The
wortd in rivers
comes
from

rain
or snow.
2
When
a
river
goes
over
rocks, it makes rain.
3
lguazu Fatls is a
South
American rainforest.
4 The Amazon begins in the
rainforest
in Peru.
5
The
Amazon
goes
through a big
mountain.
r
6
You
can
find rivers in the
Amazon.
d!6
&lme tmtrffi

ffim*
$mmbmtrW$
Read
pages
10-11.
k
Complete
the
sentences.
gtacier
ice
incredibte
mountain
stowty
icebergs
1A
is
a river
made
of
ice.
2
Gtaciers
move
down
the
3
Gtaciers
move
very,

very
4
Near
the
ocean,
glaciers
break
and
make
3
Order
the
words.
1 move
/
s[ow[y.
/
Glaciers
/
very
r';{
-
2 are
/
made
/
ice.
/
rivers
/

Glaciers
/
of
3 dangerous
/
lcebergs
/
boats.
/
are
/
for
4 of
/
the
/
llutissat
/
one
/
is
/
places.
/
coldest
4
Comptete
the
questions.
Then write the

answers.
How
What
Wlten
Where
Why
do
glaciers
begin?
:,
,,,t!l{.ii,
ir,rrii
j'.
are
glaciers
made of?
are
icebergs
dangerous?
is ltutissat?
5
In
icebergs
a
lot
of
6
There
are
is

under
the
water.
icebergs
at
l[ulissat.
P
Complete
the
chart.
coraI
reef
glacier
ice
iceberg
snow
A-mazon
Rainfai.est
volcano
metted
rock
W
Hot
{
I
t_
I
I
I
I

I
l
2
3
4
5
r
long is the
glacier
at
llulissat?
ffi
tr
.
ffise
Fdmtsr
S
Read
pages
12-t3.
&
Write
the words.
geyser
pool
rain
I
snow
".o
o

v)q___,^ry;
O
a
o.^
' .
"
-nNAtr.
4". fl\i>
:'l_-n'-
steam
3 Match.
1 Under a
geyser
there is
2 Geysers
make
3
The water in a
geyser
is
4 Don't
5 The ctiffs at
Pamukka[e
took Iike
6
Pamukkale is in
go
near
a
geyser.

very
hot.
waterfalts.
a toud
noise.
a lot of
hot rock.
Turkey.
/"
3
L
Add the
words and write correct
sentences.
1 Deep under the, there
is hot
rock.
(ground)
2 When boils,
it makes steam.
(water)
3
The monkeys at Jigokudani
in the
warm water.
(sit)
4 ln the water there are.
(minera|'s)
5
The at

Pamukkate look [ike
waterfa[ts.
(ctiffs)
2 Write
true
or false.
1
Geysers
are made
of water
and
steam.
2
Geysers
are
usuatly
very
cotd.
3
Geysers
look
[ike
big
icebergs.
4
The
water
in
a
geyser

stays
in
the
ground.
5
Some
monkeys
in
Japan
sit in
warm
water.
6 The
cliffs
at Pamukkate
are very
otd.
waterfaI
b\;%
7+"
6 Don't
go
near because they are
very hot.
(gevsers)
E
rc
F&
rF\
{ F) ; nn^usrtaf;ns

amd
Lakms
ts ./ Itll, I
'!-
t
Read
pages
14-15.
$.
Complete
the
sentences.
deepest
highest
rivers
mountain
chain
moved
stowty
The
Himatayas
are
a
Pieces
of
Earth's
crust
the
Himalayas.
The

Himatayas
are
moving
very
Mount
Everest
is
the
in
the
wortd.
5 The
lake
in
the
wortd
is
6
Water
from
330
goes
into
in
1
2
3
4
Asia.
and

made
mountain
in
Russia.
Lake
Baikal.
Write
the
questions.
Then
write
the answers.
t high
/
mountain
in
the
world
lioltt;rf
sq i?l*
{r;;mi;*;,;,,i
i6;;;,6;rg:l!+
!rr
t[ge
qlel{,tc&F
2
deep
/
lake in
the

world
3
big
/
mountain chain
in the world
4 big
/
river in
the
world
Answer
the
questions.
1 What is
the
highest mountain
in
your
country?
2 What is the biggest
lake in
your
country?
4
r;
3.
Circle
the
odd

one
out.
1
fish
water
bird
snake
2
highest
longest
rainforest
3
mountain
lake
pond
river
4
moved
made
went
top
5 high
very
deep
big
6
Russia
Japan
Earth
Turkey

biggest
r"
3 What
is
the
most incredible
place
in
your
country?
ffirewww
$"
Read
pages
t6-L7.
Circle
the
correct
words.
1
There
are
sometimes
caves
on
/
near
the
coast.
2

Gtaciers
move
/
break
and make
caves.
3
The
rain
makes
caves
/
waves
in
[imestone.
4 The
Sarawak
Chamber
is
in
Brazil
/
Borneo.
5
Stalactites
are made
of ice
/
rock.
6 Peopte

drew
pictures
/
paper
on
the
cave watls.
Order
the
words.
1
usuatty
/
Caves
/
wet.
/
are
2
is
/
soft
/
a
/
Limestone
/
rock.
3
often

/
in
/
limeston
e.
/
There
,/
caves
/
are
4
drew
/
walls.
/
Peopte
/
pictures
/
cave
/
on
3
Match and
write
the
questions.
Then
write

the answers.
Where is
ls [imestone
very
Are
caves
What
are statactites
Why did
people
Do
you
hard?
[ike caves?
made of?
the Sarawak Chamber?
draw on cave
wa[[s?
usua[[y
wet?
2
3
4
5
6
r
5
people
/
Now

/
caves.
/
Live
/
in
/
don't
/
most
'
ffim
r€
WxE
wm
kw
m
ffiffid
Wswffimwwru*m
T
3 Write
true
or
false.
and write.
i
i
I
t-l;1;i
i;-i;r;i

i i
iii,iolgi
i-"
i"i'
r*-I
lriere:mi
ib
i
ii;i;1
i- t"t
:
l-
Itihiq;ul
l
1*
i
-'-l
I
K
Find
i
""
-t
i
lcibju
iil;i;
i*ih
i;
i
i- ''i

tbigit
l"-
I
"-J'
;v,w,q
t;1;i
;
:
*:i
*
Read
pages
18*19.
Complete
the
sentences.
buildings
in
moves
ocean
under
1 Earth's crust
moves a
few kitometers
every
day.
Earthquakes are dangerous.
In
an earthquake,
it's

a
good
idea
to
go
under a
heavy table.
There are
never
earthquakes
under
the ocean.
Earthquakes
under the ocean are
not
usualty dangerous.
A
tsunami
is a smat[
wave.
4
Write correct sentences.
7 Earth's crust
moves a few
miltimeters every day.
2 Big earthquakes
are
not very dangerous.
Earthquakes
under the

ground
sometimes
make tsunamis.
4 A tsunami
is a
giant
buitding.
2
3
l
1
nigl
ii
eiyj
*li
o
jml
'-*,-'t'
' "-i'
ciil
ii
eiui
'-
- j
."i-
alki

|
*f-
niP;

*-
1
*"i'
wit
i
1
2
7
8
3
4
5
6
1
2
3
4
5
Usualty
Earth's
crust
When
there
is
an earthquake
There
are earthquakes
Earthquakes
under
the

make
tsunamis.
The
tsunami
very
slowty.
fat[
down.
the
ocean.
sometimes
2004
was very
big.
r
5
After a tsunami,
there are often
people.
W
lr-&x
i,.W,j
ffi*sgr&s
$
Read
pages
20-21.
g
Complete
the

ffi
Match.
t
Some
deserts
are made
2
lt
doesn't rain
often
3 The
Sahara Desert
is
bigger
4 Animals
in the
desert
5 In Botivia,
there is
a desert
6 The
Salar de
Uyuni is
than Austra[ia.
made
of sa[t.
of sand.
in
Antarctica.
don't

drink very
often.
an incredibte
place.
Order the
words.
1
usual[y
/
Deserts
/
hot.
/
are
2 very
/
are
/
places.
/
dry
/
Deserts
3
Africa.
/
The
/
in
/

is
/
Desert
/
Sahara
4 Antarctica.
/
lt's
/
in
/
cold
/
very
5 visit
/
Satar
de Uyuni.
/
peopte
/
Many
/
the
Complete
the
questions.
Then
write
the

answers.
What How
much Why
Where
of the
[and on
Earth is desert?
is the biggest
hot
desert
on
Earth?
is Bolivia?
s
)-6P
_&
-i '\
ffi
/a\
l\-rl
l'\_^
rrJ\#@
A
*m
%
ffi
a /
Yz
ffi
2

3
4
f
do
many
people
visit the Salar
de Uyuni?
Srosimn
*
Read
pages
22-23.
Match
and
write
the
questions.
Then write
the answers.
2 Complete
the
Puzzle.
2Y
r
-*i
t.,,_
1 The
monkeys
in Jigokudani

sit
in the
warm

2
-
under
the
ocean
sometimes
make
tsunamis.
3
In
South
America
there's
a
-
made
of
salt.
4 You
can
find
incredibte
-
in limestone.
5
A

-
is
a hote
in
Earth's
crust.
6
The Great
Barrier
Reef
is
near

7
The deepest
-
in the
world
is
in Russia.
8
A
-
is a
river
made
of
ice.
9
The

water
in a
-
is
verY
hot.
10 Att
rivers
go
to
the

What
do
you
think
is the
most
incredible
place
on
Earth?
Why?
Where
is
What changed the
Where is
the Grand
What
is the name

of
the river
When
did erosion
Canyon?
begin
in
the Colorado
River?
Cappadocia?
in the Grand
Canyon?
rocks in
Cappadocia?
1
2
3
4
5
T-'
e
*l_"
@
fr{y
Cswn*wy
10,00S
Ywmww
&Eo$
&
lmagine

your
country 10,000
years
ago. What
was
there? Write
/ or
X.
then
write
notes.
/'"'"
"'\
{
Houses
l
\il1
\-*
"'
i'ilJ'\,/;'*)\f
;;\
''.E
" jj,/\'.{
J.'''
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I
lnsects
1
\il/
,'ffih

\ i t I
\-5/
t[r\t\tI1\1\'\\
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l)
'ii
4\\
u
:
'i'.:
I\\
u
;,
\\\{\\\
999
'i1i
r
,r r'i'
{\\ \\ t\\
9(])9
i +i
{\\ {\\ \\
t t)u
lt,'it,
','i'i
1\t\\\\\t\t\'\
Make
a
poster.
Write

about
your
country
10,000
years
ago and
draw some
pictures.
Disptay
your poster.
3
@
{-r
\s-'l
Rivers
t_l
frmer€d3b$w
WWmffiws
&m
$*1y
€auffittry
1 Complete
the
chart
about
incredible
places
in
your
country.

My country:
The
highest
place:
.r '
i
i
-_-' /
2
Find
a
photo
or
a
picture
of
one
of
these
places.
ffi
Make
a
poster.
Write
sentences
to
describe
the
incredibte

place.
Disptay
your
poster.
I
The longest
river:
i
I,
I:
{i
l-i
t"-* * i-
i
ttre
most
I
!
beautiful
place:
i
il
@
Picture
Dictionfr!'y
boit
ffitr
S:/';
::f,
>??

desert
fatt
3
flood
ffi
ground
i6
@
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w
is[and
ryffi
ffi
@
w"
minerats
coast cover
dangerous deep
,tr 1 /
-t
o€
die directions
Earth
/\
,-w
, TV I
LI
ho[e
@
[ake [oud mett

million
stream submarine top
r.
^.
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O/ l[gl=
Ery:
-
l?[,
-\]
a\
noisemountain
chain
ocean
pour
rainforest
stones
ffi:
LW%XL
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-qre#d
WAVC
fr,ffi
trfrffi
m
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sand
flver road

rocks satt
sculpture skin square
kitometer
ffi#m
steam
tl v!
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