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 !"
#$%&'()*$+, %-./01+2
&3,456"789:9, ;<
=>2  8%?#$(@AB
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K$:9)1D">, *5/H#$LM%)
ND9>"HO91)PQA12*H#$
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>SP%TA9%)B5U)P4%"VNC%)&
C)&%TW&R=%D%)&3 M(D
%))<HX1YB5
 !"#

 
NO8&XA$A;K$&A
C%), !"!+"PZC=+G1Y
DP$$B)%@$% Q;H5
TÌM HIỂU CÁC ĐỊNH CHẾ TÀI CHÍNH
A.ĐỊNH CHẾ NGÂN HÀNG:

I. Ngân hàng thương mại:
1. Khái niệm:
$%&'()&(*')+,'-.'/012'34(5+'
1*%&6&7+'1*879)#:!;'<+:!"1=;7)!>'?1@+'
1*80+;'A'4?)&(06?6*0!>'AB6&CB0'AB1@D
'/0?!.706?';'+7
2.Đặc điểm:
 !"#

 

$%&'(9.E
.E'!;'&/?F;+G('!;'/06&'!;';'+7
H;70+;4'+A8'I
.E'+'A?'.)&98J'A'4+A8'I
.EKLM!D'KF;+G(64!"1*6&CB07!G)31@'+;KCL
N(K6&06%&
OJ6&'A6P;)&'4?6P;)&(1/80+;1G'Q
)&1J'380+;=;$
O$80+;="I!FR6J=;87J'39=;$I(
(*''S)4D''D'+'-!G6J+'1*?#6480+;=;$)!T
U)A6(*'=+(&%&F!*LD>6(*'(.1*(+@(D'
1
O+'1*80+;=;$9)#:!;1IA!(V'?A!)W63+'
1*6&A!1J'287&87;!
O+'1*80+;=;$)&+'1*.;A!=+?FX)Y9'-2
'D'L7=+=;87&
O+'1*80+;=;$0Z'I)#''+([)+,46
6&7CLN(=;$9(J)#46;!D'V'Y
3.Nguồn vốn:
\$!G6J=;$%&'()&H7''A'40+$'+)>
+V!"1*120]1@1!'?+6;"+V'3470680+; 87
$9J'+&F*+'1*=;$$9:!"I'1C3'G'6&7''@=;$%
&K
$!G6J=;$)0+'!>:!J0%'('&['+CL
C!D'80+;12B6&+$%&67(1/87;!
 !"#
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D!6J=;$%&'(F;+G(
J'!*CXH!=;$%&

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#!G6J`'aI(bc'+'-!G6Jd996;'e38f
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1*6J=;7$%&'(
g<+'#!'.(1/CB0
• AB'I'84(w))&78+L8pB=;7%6(
1/)&',(8I((*'8+L'!>6CJ'A&[=;(,
• AB';'+7&78+L8pB=;7%?'-.?0+;
4CLM!D'80+;8TR((1/',(8I('#('!>(&1@12
X706';'+7=;$%&?'T'78+L'AB';'+7
9CJ)2)
 !"#
y
 
Ngân hàng thương mại cũng thu hút được một lượng vốn đáng kể'+:!7',
'!*+V*87&?)&(1)p+7'-.'/087?>6J!S'7
=;7'-.'+6&+&m+'A12L%'<+'I1*T64#
$%&9'@CB0'('78+L'A196&+80+;
 Vốn vay:
++'1*=;(,I!'I!6J',$%&L=1*',(8I(
6J1@'347+'1*=;(,
Thứ nhất;"1@17.!!8LE';'+7=;$%&
Thứ hai;"*+87&
Thứ ba;"1@+6;"
Thứ tư:;"1@L(/!G'A+;1+C;!
 Kỳ phiếu có mục đích:
$%&9'@7'&8fI!1@'+!G6J'!6&0&1@1!'+
7+'1*'&'2+7037)9:!"(T)?'0&+V'E:!(T
+'1*=;7$%&+V)#0+;67'-.87(&!G6J6J4
';17.12&"
fI!=;$%&7'&1@!"1*6J'P0%6&7'-.8'I
1@'+)>!G6J'!6&0&0@'&'2+7+'1*=;(,

 Trái phiếu:
w7'&'7I!$%&R('>'!6J'!6&0&1@'&'2+7
037)'<+"#!!7''@'#1;F&+V'>'!6J'&'2+703712
/=a1
$%&7'&'7I!="I!)&1@6;"*87&
 Vốn vay từ các tổ chức tín dụng khác trên thị trường liên Ngân hàng và vốn
vay từ Ngân hàng trung ương.
 !"#
z
 
 Ngân hàng có thể sử dụng phương thức khác như vay vốn ở các tổ chức tín
dụng khác hoặc vay ở NHTƯ.
 Nguồn vốn khác:
• A!!"@6J
&(*''.!"1*6JD'4!:!L$H$%&(&8LE!"
1*6J62':j;8LECB06J',1!8fQ)>8I+CY1A!!"@(*'
)26J6A$%&({1@12X)nC!D'1A!+&
i$!G6J!S'71!'
$!G6J&"12,'&="I!)&0+7'-.'&/'++V
+&!S'7+$%&(*'8+L'A1@$%&'34+6;"1J6
7037=;(,?Q9'@)&78+L6;"=;/=12!S'7
 Tầm quan trọng của nguồn vốn :
Thứ nhất:$!G6J!"1*9LX'3'I1I:!(T+'1*=;7
$%&
Thứ hai:$!G6J!"1*j$%&=1*'+80+;
Thứ ba: J!"1*j$%&%;+6'I=;(,'+)e'
'
Thứ tư:J!"1*:!"I'1E)3';=;$%&
4.Hoạt động:
+'1*=;%&)&+'1*80+;'A'4?6&06?6*0!

'M!"#)&>'A8/B6&CB0CJ'A&"1@D'/0?!.06?
';'+7
 !"#
|
 
+'1*=;%&'(R((1/80+;&9;1V
F4'19)&\6J}'AK?'L)nC!D'!"1*6J'D)nC!D'+6;"6J6&
#)4)nC!D'19)&)2!>=;$
+'1*$6+!!6A6J=;(5')0%j?)+
,$6&7'-.87'+Mn*
 Các hoạt động chủ yếu là:
• +'1*!"1*6J
• +'1*'/0
• +'1*06';'+7
• +'1*%:!h
• 7+'1*8796J?(!;-?';(;'''A
'4?80+;6&?80+;FD'1*CL?80+;066&FL+@(?46?
="'76&1)p?06'6D6&706879)#:!;1I+'1*=;%
&
+19?'@C;!
 Hoạt động huy động vốn:
NHTM huy động vốn dưới các hình thức sau:
• $>'AB=;'J.?7%6&7'-.'/0870
,'.'AB8T8,?'AB98,6&7)+'AB87
• w7'&.a'AB?'7I!6&7D"'97871@
!"1*6J=;'-.?7%'+6&+&
• ;"6J=;7'-.'/087+'1*'64';(6&=;'-
.'/0+&
• ;"6JU=;%&&
 !"#

k
 
• 7,'.!"1*6J87'<+:!"1=;%&&
 Hoạt động tín dụng:
• +7+'1*'/0',+6;")&+'1*:!;'56&
I('a'5)
• +6;"$127'-.'/0+6;"+6;"U?
'!+V0&
• vL+)n$12FL+)n6;"?FL+)n';'+7?FL+)n'3
421G?FL+)n1D!'!6&7,'.FL+)n87FR!"'/6&8L;<
'&/=;(,1J6>FL+)n
• I'8D!$12I'8D!'I!6&7D"'97
U871J67'-.'/087
• +'!#'&/$12+'1*+'!#'&/L
'&)>T'"+'!#';/#4'&)>?'J.6&+'1*=;T'"
+'!#'&/'3#'<+$1/=6A'-.6&;5'1*=;T'"
+'!#'&/
 Hoạt động dịch vụ thanh toán và ngân quỹ:
• !D7'4';'+7
• 34706';'+7'++87&
• 3406'!*6&*
• 34706';'+787'<+:!"1=;$%&&

• 3406';'+7:!J'I812%&&+
~
• 3406'!6&7''A(V'+87&
 !"#
l
 
• -.4'J';'+7*F*6&';(;4'J';'+7)#

%&'+
• ;(;4'J';'+7:!J'I812%&&+
~
 Các hoạt động khác:
• 96J6&(!;-
• ;(;'''A'4
• 0+;+J
• •"'76&>="'7
• !.06?FL+@(
• 6D'&/
• vL+:!L6>':!p7
5.Ví dụ các ngân hàng thương mại:
$T'$
$$$€7''@T'T$
$5;'$ $'( !J0+;
$1!'€M%"03$
$7''@vCTB!+
II> Ngân hàng phát triển:
 !"#

 
1.Khái niệm:
&'-.'&/'!*CXH!llc=;/=?8T>'AB'P0%
%")&)+%&9.E="I!)&!"1*6J'!O0&1@1!'
'!O0&?6!!7''@FR7+6;"7037CX'+V
7)W63!'#?+V96J?+6;"70+;46P;6&_
2. Đặc điểm:
• $%&7''@)&(*''-.'/0(&+'1*="I!)&'&
'2'!6&0&+70377''@
• -.'&/'!*CXH!llc=;/=

• T>'AB'P0%
• +'1*6,('#!8'IOMn*
=> 12X(*'CJ!1n1VF4'8TL03'HFU'F!*TL
FL+1L('AB12/=FL1L(';'+712(Z*'!I6&78+L
L*$$$'<+:!"1=;7)!>'
$',(8I()2!>'T:!;'&'27•?'.)&'!'P•LF]1U12
/6&9'V0
O2!"1*?'I>6J=;7'-.'+6&+&1@'34'/
01!'7''@6&'/0M!D'8N!=;&'<+:!"1=;/=
O34/C7'/01!'7''@+6;"1!'7''@?['2
C;!1!'?FL+)n'/01!'
 !"#

 
O34/C7'/0‚+6;"‚?FL+)n'/0‚?FL+)n
03'!6&FL+)n'3421G‚
O$>="'7:!L)p!G6Jƒ•12/=+6;")„>="'7?
D7'+6;"1!'6&'!G2=;87&'P7'-.'+6&+&
'T:!;21G>="'7H;$%&w7''@67'-.="'7
O!.706';'+7+87&6&';(;4'J';'+7
'+6&:!J'I67+'1*=;$%&w7''@'<+:!"1=;
7)!>'
3. Nguồn vốn:
 $!G'P$$$6J1A!){=;$w?6J=;$$$D+7037'<+
8I+&E(?6Jƒ•12/=;+
 J!"1*12'I>6&!"1*6J=;7'-.'+?+&
6&7'&8'I';(;1!'
 w7'&'7I!6&.a'AB'<+:!"1=;7)!>'
 ;"=;:!hFL+@(?7'-.'&/O'/0'+6&+&
 $>'A="'7=;7'-.'+6&+&

 J199'3!"48T+&'L=;7'-.8'I?Mn*'+6&
+&
 J="'7D7'?+6;"=;/:!"A1;?7'-.8'I?'-
./'OMn*
 $%:!hF;+G('A(V'?'AB'$…?'AB'$87
 &'2=;$…`(!;)78+L2?FL+)n?D6J?+6;")nmd
4.Hoạt động:
Tài trợ theo dự án(trung-dài hạn):&+'1*:!;'5=;$w?91V']
6A6J1!')?8LE6&';'!G6J)%!?896&8TC)+VC
)'D
 !"#
^
 
Thực hiện chính sách tín dụng đầu tư phát triển+6;"1!'7''@?['2
C;!1!'?FL+)n'/01!'
Thực hiện chính sách tín dụng xuất khẩu'&'2M!D'8N!?+6;"M!D'8N!?FL+
)n'/06&M!D'8N!?FL+)n03'!6&FL+)n'3421GM!D'8N!O
H21G)#:!;1I('#!'&'2M!D'8N!=;&'+:!;'&'2!
1n`6J?:!"(T?'6&8T'&CL1L(FL+d6A6J=;/=
Cung cấp dịch vụ bảo lãnh, tư vấn đầu tư;'+7+87&FR7
';(;4'J';'+7'+6&:!J'I
5. Ví dụ các Ngân hàng phát triển:
$%&7''@%!†
$%&7''@4'$;(
III> Ngân hàng đầu tư:
1. Khái niệm:
$%&1!')&(*'1I196;'e(*''!;'&/1@'3
4&)+'706)#:!;''&/FL+)n)&('!;H;7'-
.7'&.8+76&&1!'?'6Dj0&MI7'6(!;)6&
 !"#

o
 
C7>]7+'1*'7D!0+;4876&(T+87&)&
7'-.J'287&/=;%&1!')&7'-.?T'"6&
/=8TL)&87&7%
AFL%&1!''3D')&(*'T'".8+7X(.1*
7''@;+67)+461;06&.'
2.Đặc điểm:
O$8TL)&%&?8T12~>'AB6&+6;"?8T
!C37(C7'=;%&&
O$M!D'4)&(4(6j1‡0+;4?/=7'&7)+
.8+7;''R(!"1*7!G6J'I'
O$9FLD')&T'".8+7D1*;+7061;
06&.'
O$8T12~>'AB6&+6;"?98T8+7&
2.Nguồn vốn:
Nguồn vốn huy động của NH bao gồm$U?'!6&0&$%&
1@9'@1996&++'1*1!'7''@',)26J!"1*1e_L)&
6J'!6&0&`;"9''#E(d$!G6JUa96;'e)&
6J)!1*1L(FL+78+L+6;"U?6&a120](*'_1@+
6;"0&8)26JU1=)6&-1
g78+L'A'I'84(6&'AB9'1IE(
g78fI!?'7I!9'0&?7'&'#'''+6&
:!J'I
g78+L16;"'!6&0&=;7'-.'/0'+6&
+&
g78+L'!2=;7037Q
 !"#
b
 

g*'!"1*U9'@+6;"'!6&0&
g78+L'!>0&++6;"1!'7''@87`)2!>?'A'!FL+
)nd
4.Hoạt động:
+'1*="I!=;%&1!')&';+1-?(!;F77CLN('&/
+'1*=;%&1!'F;+G(
• $46%&1!'O6<C'(<'F;8
• !'OC;)<€';0
• $%&F7F!TO(<;'F;8
• $%&:!L)p1!'O6<C'(<'(;;<(<'
• $46&(T/O(<F+8<;<
$%&9'@+6;"0A!,'.87;!C;!1%"
i<+(1/CB0
O+6;"FD'1*'&CL
O+6;"T46&'4
O+6;"T4
O+6;"'#!0]
i<+(.1*'/4(=;87&
O+6;"9FL+1L(
O+6;"8TFL+1L(
i<+'+6;"
 !"#
y
 
O+6;"U&)++6;"9'0(*'E(?'120]1@
+6;"F-C!'I!''('6A6J)!1*=;70+;46&+6;"
6!!C+''#!0]7%
O+6;"'!&)+,+6;"9''#E(6&0bE(+
+6;"&"'120]1@(!;CU('&CLJ1?(X*+VM%"03T
',_

O+6;"0&&)++6;"9''#bE(12CB01@D6J
M%"03FL?L'I6&(X*CLM!D'9:!"(T)
J61!'7''@',+'1*+6;"'!6&0&(9'70
="I!+6>"1@'E8LECB06J+1!'7''@="I!:!;
'%(1I!G&"
IV> Ngân hàng chính sách:
1. Khái niệm:
$%&/C7Mn*)&(*''-.'/06+'1*="I!)&
6ˆ+6&7/C78'I?/'6&Mn*1VF4'=;([:!J;
'#!/=;7$8TL)&)2!>'+80+;(&)&['2'J1;
6A6J+71J'2'#/6,'I?$‚8TL)&(*'$6&8T
17.7'#!/6A80+;'(
2. Đặc điểm:
2'&)>'#CX'-.)$%&w6ˆ+
96J1A!)4F;1!)&b,'S1G6&12DF-C!]26"#!!
+'1*'P'8f
+'1*+6;"=;$‚G(+6;"U?'!6&0&
6+CLM!D'?80+;?'+64)&(?L'41CJ„9'34
',('#!:!J;M+719L(ˆ+?-1Mn*
 !"#
z
 
2'347066A';'+76&%:!h
g!.7'4';'+7
g34706';'+7'+
g34706'!*F*?*FR'A(V'6&8TFR'A(V'
70687'<+:!"1=;'J1J$$$
2>7!G199'3!"48T9)n+V8T+&'LJ=;
77%?'-.8'I?7'-.'&/'/06&7'-./'OMn*?
74*?7'-./='+6&+&

.)nC!D'+6;"87'D?;+D')&l?ybc‰'7
J'2+6;"=;$‚="I!)&*ˆ+?71J'2/C76&
7'-.8'I?7%*CLM!D'?80+;'!*7Mn1VF4'898E?(A
j?6]C%!?6]M;„(.+6;"1@1!'6&+CLM!D'?80+;?0687_?
'J1;8T:!7^l'4!1G
 Vai trò của ngân hàng chính sách xã hội:
O+!G6J'+7'ˆ++ˆ+?9'34M+719L(
ˆ+?TFRMn*
Oj1N"7''@8'IX78!63CLM!D'?70+;4C3['2
7''@
O347/C78'IMn*=;/='+7+0?"'I?8+;
5
2.Nguồn vốn:
!"1*6J'<+8I+&E(12/=#0!"4'1@'+)>!G
6J+6;"
+6;"U?'!6&0&1@)D")n'+!G6J
 !"#
|
 
34706';'+76&%:!h
!"1*6J'+6&+&
$!G6J'T:!;7'&'7I!
3. Hoạt động:
-.!"1*6J'+6&+&9'L)n=;(5'-.')0%?
F;+G('AB98,?8T8,
-.!"1*'I'84('+*1Gˆ+
w7'&'7I!?.a'AB6&7D"'9787?6;"7'-.'/
0'+6&&+6;"'I'84(F!14vL+@(Mn*4';(?6;"$$
X'&8+L'AB';'+7+'D'L787&'+6&+&
+6;"U'!6&0&6+CLM!D'?80+;'+64)&(

L'41CJ?9'34('#!M9;19L(ˆ+?-1Mn*
$>)&(06="'7+6;"'P7'-. !J'I?:!J;?7%'+
?+&'<+21G="'7
NHCSXH phục vụ các đối tượng sau:
[/H\)
[/T++'P) P 8
[0C=BCD&9])

7/^
[0C=X+&)HP-<?)
[0:O H+Q* 1)H)
 !"#
k
 
H 2_____9,KH"%@$% `Q;HQ;
M(D P 89,Ka+A
aQ
[0C=  P440X$45
B> ĐỊNH CHẾ PHI NGÂN HÀNG:
XbA&&)<@:O 1)%)&c2
X`,D=2D9H+C)<HA&)<H 1)
-Q' R=#,G R @< R&91Y
)50:OX$A()Z9d0R^)90RX
efBX$A gef)4X$4
RO )+?)1O )Eh
Các Tổ chức tài chính phi Ngân hàng có một số đặc điểm chung như:
 !"1*7(9'AB98f1@1;6&+)W631!'
 !D(*'CJ)+,06%&>1)p?(T?="'7m
6&([)+,e9.E1VF4'']"'<+('#!+'1*
 T12>'AB8T8f6&8T)&(06';'+7+

87&#8T';(;6&+:!7','+'A6&0+198TFJ?1A!
&?8@(C+7'V'Y=;$%&!
 $I!78+L1!'=;$%&'(="I!'>'!6&+)W
63'(6&T4',7'-.'&/%&)'>'!=
"I!6&+)W63.8+7?+6;"'#!0]6&'ID
 7$%&'(8TP(X*06';'+7:!;$%
&?e7'-.'&/%&)'E06'#7(V'(T?
1)p.8+76&706="'7
 !"#
l
 
I>Công ty tài chính:
3;16&7''@=;T'"'&/)&(+4'J'&/'X#+
j?1;0?)+'?+&a+'1*=;7T'"'&/X';1n
9)&(+j'#(706'&/O%&?17. !!7'
'@1;0=;'''&/O'A'4'+A8'I''
1. Khái niệm:
T'"'&/)&)+
Š
'-.'/0%&6.ECB0
6J'39?6J!"1*6&7!G6J871@+6;"?1!'!.706
87'<+:!"1=;7)!>'?8T12)&(06';'+7?8T12
>'AB0E(
 !"#

 
2.Đặc điểm:
vLD'6&(6+'1*
g&'-.'&/%&
gT12)&(06';'+7?

gT12>'AB0(*'E(
g2(X76&6Ee104
'+6&+&
g!.706'6D6A'&/?'A'4
MỨC VỐN PHÁP ĐỊNH
+ .6J71'<+:!"1'&"^‰‰ll|)&^llS1G?C;!&"
^‰‰ll|)&bllS1G
gw6J71L12B6&+'&8+L+'_;8T12‡)n
'$C;!^l&"',12L'_;
Thời hạn hoạt động:
J1;)&8T:!7blE(
2~;'+'1*'<+C3+~+$$$6&([);
8T:!7blE(
Ưu điểm=;7T'"'&/)&(;)(*'!G6J)0&?!.
+A!037)'51@(!"#X4'$;(?7T'"'&/)'3'!*
7'>1+&(&7'>1+&&"6AFLD')&CB06J=;$&
3. Nguồn vốn:
$!G6J'39=;T'"'&/G(J1A!)4?:!h03'H=+?)2!>
;;?7''E)#0+17)'&CLJ1?7)+6J6&:!h87
 !"#

 
9'@'+;!G6JFR7B06J6;"+6;"U?'!
?0&
B06G'391@]6J?)#0+;+V(!;-=;70+;4
'&6#6&'34746871@'+;)2!>
$!G6J912'P6412%J)2!>'#)26J9=;(,'
T'"({
4. Hoạt động:
 HUY ĐỘNG VỐN

Các hình thức huy động vốn:
Công ty Tài chính được huy động vốn từ các nguồn sau:
$>'AB98f'P(*'E('X)#=;'-.?7%'<+:!"1=;
$%&$&
w7'&8fI!?'7I!?.a'AB6&7)+D"'97871@
!"1*6J=;7'-.?7%'+6&+&'<+:!"1=;7)!>'
4&
^;"7'-.'&/?'/0'+?+&6&7'-.'&/
:!J'I
oI>6J!S'7=;/=?7'-.6&7%'+6&+&
 HOẠT ĐỘNG TÍN DỤNG
Cho vay:
Công ty Tài chính được cho vay dưới các hình thức:
+6;"U?+6;"'!6&0&'<+:!"1=;$%&$&

 !"#
^
 
+6;"'<+!S'7=;/=?=;'-.?7%'+6&+&
'<+:!"14&=;!>'7'-.'/06&21G!S'7
^+6;"'#!0]FR,'.+6;"(!;'L9
Chiết khấu, tái chiết khấu, cầm cố thương phiếu và các giấy tờ có giá khác
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I!?'7I!6&7D"'97871J67'-.6&7%
T'"&/6&7'-.'/08712'7I'8D!?(J'
I!?'7I!6&7D"'9787+;!
Bảo lãnh
T'"&/12FL+)nFR!"'/6&8LE'&/=;(,1J6
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$&
Các hình thức cấp tín dụng khác
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&$&
 MỞ TÀI KHOẢN VÀ DỊCH VỤ NGÂN QUỸ
Mở tài khoản
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8+L'AB'%&+&)n'-4'$;(L12$%&$&+
~
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o
 
T'"&/9>'ABL(X'&8+L'$%&$&6&
0!"','19CJ0F,:!%8T'D(.:!"1=;$%&$&
. Dịch vụ ngân quỹ
T'"&/12'3406'!6&7''A(V'+87&
 CÁC HOẠT ĐỘNG KHÁC
Các nghiệp vụ khác được phép thực hiện theo đúng quy định của pháp luật hiện
hành, gồm:
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^;(;'''A'4
o347068A!J?80+;6&
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4
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70687
Các nghiệp vụ phải được các cơ quan quản lý Nhà nước có thẩm quyền cho phép
 !"#
b