TIÊU CHUẨN QUỐC GIA
TCVN 7760 : 2008

 !"#"$ %
Light hydrocarbons, spark ignition engine fuel, diesel engine fuel, engine oil - Determination of total
sulfur by ultraviolet fluorescence
Lời nói đầu
TCVN 7760 : 2008&'()*+, /0123/)456)789/7:/7;</1;</1'4/0&'4/0=>?@ ABCBD
EFStandard Test Method for Determination of Total Sulfur in Light HydrocarbonsSpark Ignition
Engine Fuel, Diesel Engine Fuel, Engine Oil by Ultraviolet Fluorescence=>?5.)7;97G9)HI@ A
JKL)1MNEEI22I2O;22?=PQP51;/57;7;)RP/NSCTU@V ?3K)7KW/@ ABCBDEF
17KX)OY/JK,Z/)HI@ AJKL)1MV
TCVN 7760 : 2008-; ?[KOI/R\17K:1 ?3K)7KW/ ]^ TU^@TNhiên liệu lỏng - Phương pháp
thử O?3/5;_/ `/0)a) ?3K)7KW/;b'c/0781b'(/0&Z/07dXe7;I7f)=<g/0/07h)g/0
OLV
HYDROCACBON NHẸ, NHIÊN LIỆU ĐỘNG CƠ ĐÁNH LỬA, NHIÊN LIỆU ĐỘNG CƠ ĐIÊZEN,
DẦU ĐỘNG CƠ - PHƯƠNG PHÁP XÁC ĐỊNH TỔNG LƯU HUỲNH BẰNG HUỲNH QUANG TỬ
NGOẠI
Light hydrocarbons, spark ignition engine fuel, diesel engine fuel, engine oil - Determination
of total sulfur by ultraviolet fluorescence
1. Phạm vi áp dụng
1.1. ?3K)7KW//<,JK?&d/797'4/097i9*i)&d/71`/0b'K7Kj/712;/0)i)7,-2;)I)O;//7k5g?
12;/0R7;Y/01lTB
;
&M/CEE
;
)m&X/7>112;/0R7;Y/01lETnn
T
^5&M/TEnn
T
^5o1lET)@1

&M/TE)@1p1_?/7?h1&X97q/0V
1.2. eM1JKY)HIOI/07?3/)rKb?3/97q/017s/07?hn2?3/0O?h1=Z&X)7an)t/0=>?7I?&(1/07?3/
)rKR7i)&u&'()RM1bK:/12;/0)i)Oi;)i;=<*i)&d/72v/097'4/097i9/<,)m17[i9-a/0)7;
)i)nwK-8K/I971I)i)97+/&;_/)7'/0)81-xK&X/0)4P1I/;bP51PnP1,b)HII*s1OG;oyAp
)i)/7?3/b?hK&X/0)4/7'*z/0*z/00?<K;*,oAUByp&?3{P/&?3{P/5?/77f)=</7?3/b?hK
97Y/b.)Vm17[97+/1s)7)i)nwK)m1`/0b'K7Kj/71lNEn0^R0&M/UEEEn0^R0o7|17s)7NpV
} ~N?>?7_/&d/7b'(/0)HIN12;/0B/07?3/)rK=Z&X)7an&u&'()&i/70?iVi)0?i
12d/vn12;/0R7;Y/0/7•74/NEn0^R0=</7•74/BEn0^R0o*PnU=<NBVNpV
1.3. 7'4/097i9/<,)mR7Y/z/0*i)&d/71`/0b'K7Kj/712;/0)i)7,-2;)I)O;//7k)m)7rI)i)
)7817Ib;0P//7•74/EDB€R7L?b'(/0V
1.4. i)0?i12d1s/717P;7h@b<0?i12d1?3K)7KW/Ve7g/0-t/0)i)&4/=dR7i)12;/01?3K)7KW//<,V
1.5. ?3K)7KW//<,R7g/0&Z):9&M/181)Y)i)=8/&Zb?3/JKI/&M/I/1;</R7?5•-a/0V0'c?5•
-a/01?3K)7KW//<,)m12i)7/7?hn17?M1b:9)i)/0K,3/1‚)=ZI/1;</=<OY;=h5r)R7•P)ƒ/0/7'
R7Y/z/0i9-a/097t7(9=>?)i)0?>?7_/JK,&d/712'>)R7?&'I=<;5•-a/0VPnDVNFVDVFVC
97x/„=<UVNV
2. Tài liệu viện dẫn
i)1<?b?hK=?h/-w/5IKb<)x/17?M1R7?i9-a/01?3K)7KW/VL?=>?)i)1<?b?hK=?h/-w/07?/zn
)g/0OL17…i9-a/0OY/&'()/3KVL?=>?)i)1<?b?hK=?h/-w/R7g/007?/zn)g/0OL17…i9-a/0
97?3/OY/n>?/781OI;0†n)Y)i)OY/5•I&`?o/MK)mpV
]F„„„‡TEE„o@ ACEB„EFpxKn•=<5Y/97Wn-xKn•7'4/097i9b8,nwK17H
)g/0V
]FBSCo@ ANTSUpxK17g=<)i)5Y/97Wn-xKn•b•/0i)&d/7R7L?b'(/02?3/0R7L?
b'(/02?3/01'4/0&L?7;ˆ)R7L?b'(/07'4/097i91‰12f/0RMV
@ ACEBT P51nP17;-Š;2-P/5?1,I/-2PbI1?=P-P/5?1,;Šb?JK?-5O,-?0?1Ib-P/5?1,nP1P2o7'4/0
97i9*i)&d/7R7L?b'(/02?3/0R7L?b'(/02?3/01'4/0&L?)HI)i))781b•/0Ov/017?M1Od&;7?h/
5LpV
@ ACN„„2I)1?)PŠ;2IK1;nI1?)5In9b?/0;Š9P12;bPKnI/-9P12;bPKn92;-K)15oxKn•=<5Y/
97Wn-xKn•7'4/097i9b8,nwK1.&X/0pV
@ AFTSS2I)1?)PŠ;2I99b,?/051I1?51?)IbJKIb?1,I55K2I/)P1P)7/?JKP51;P=IbKI1PI/Ib,1?)Ib
nPI5K2PnP/15,51Pn9P2Š;2nI/)Po7'4/097i9R\17K:117L/0R3=Z&YnOY;)781b'(/0&[&i/7

0?i7h17L/017?M1Od&;b'c/097+/1s)7pV
3. Tóm tắt phương pháp
AwK7,-2;)I)O;/&'()O4n12.)1?M97;ˆ)&ˆ1=<;17K,Z/nwKVAwK7;ˆ)17K,Z/7;ˆ))Y7I?&'()
&'I=<;12;/0L/0&L1/7?h1&X)I;1_?&+,b'K7Kj/7Od;*,7;i&[1_;17</7@
T
12;/0ng?12'c/0
0?<K;*,V'>)&'()5?/72I12;/0JKi12…/7&L1nwK&'()b;_?O•)i)R7s&L1)HInwK5IK&m&'()
)7?MK1?I1•/0;_?o]pV@
T
78917a/z/0b'(/0)HI1?I]=<)7K,[/17</7@
T
‹
612_/017i?Rs)7
17s)7VKj/7JKI/097i12IR7?@
T
612_/017i?Rs)77;_1)7K,[/=Z12_/017i?`/&d/7&'()97i1
7?h/O6?L/0JKI/0&?h/&I)89=<1s/7?hKRM1JKYb<17'>)&;7<nb'(/0b'K7Kj/7)m12;/0nwKV
oY/7Oi;d)7?MKnX1b'(/0n_/71?I1•/0;_?5Œ)m7_?)7;5r)R7;•V 7s/07?hn=?3/)x/97Y?
12i/7Od1?I1•/0;_?)7?MK=<;O81)r97x//<;)HI)417[&ˆ)O?h1b<n‚1R7g/0)7ŽOd1?I1•/0;_?
o]p)7?MK12.)1?M9n<)Y1?I17r)89=<1?I97+/1i/)ƒ/0)m7_?pV
4. Ý nghĩa và sử dụng
AX1=<?)781*|)1i)JKi12…/7&'()-t/012;/01?/7)7M-xK=<7;i)781)m17[Od/0X&X)R7?nX1
b'(/0=M1)i)=:1b?hK)7rIb'K7Kj/7)m12;/0/0K,3/b?hK&xK=<;V7'4/097i9/<,)m17[5•
-a/0&[*i)&d/7b'K7Kj/712;/0/0K,3/b?hK)HIJKi12…/7)ƒ/0/7'12;/0)i)5Y/97Wn=<)ƒ/0)m
17[5•-a/0)7;)i)na)&s)7R?[n12I7(9JK?V
5. Thiết bị, dụng cụ
5.1. Lò nungq/t/0&?h/)m17[&_11>?/7?h1&XNE„B
;
•TB
;

&H&[/7?h197+/1;</OXnwK=<
;*,7;ib'K7Kj/717</7@
T
V
5.2. Ống đốt•/0&L1Ov/017_)7I/7)7;97G9O4nnwK12.)1?M9=<;=t/0;*,7;i/7?h1)HIbq
7;ˆ))m)8K1_;5I;)7;&xK=<;)HIL/0&Hb>/&[&'I17K,Z/)7rInwKOv/017_)7I/7=<;V
‘/0&L1)x/)m/7’/0L/0/7i/7O3/&[&'I;*,=<R7snI/0=<;VX97:/;*,7;i)x/&Hb>/
o*Pn…/7Np&[&YnOY;&L1)7i,1;</OXnwKV…/7Nng1Y)i)L/0&L117g/017'c/0Vi))8K
7…/7R7i))ƒ/0)m17[)789/7://MK&X)7anR7g/0Od0?YnV
5.3. Điều chỉnh dòng khí 7?M1Od)x/97Y?)m)i)OX97:/&?ZK)7Ž/7)mR7Y/z/0-K,12…5.)K/0
)89-q/0R7s;*,=<R7snI/0R7g/0&`?V
5.4. Ống làm khô 7?M1Od97Y?&'()12I/0OdOX97:/b;_?O•74?/'>)V7Y/r/0;*,7;i5?/72I
74?/'>)/<,)x/97Y?&'()b;_?O•12'>)R7?97G9&;&'()1?M/7</7O6?-P1P)1;2Vm17[-t/0L/0
b<nR7g)mn</0bf)7;ˆ)17?M1Odb<nR7gb;_?17Wn178K)mnI;JKY/)7f/bf)&[b;_?/'>)V
5.5. Đầu dò huỳnh quang tử ngoạit/0-P1P)1;2&d/71s/7=<&d/7b'(/0&[&;)i)1?I7Kj/7JKI/0
97i112IO6?5KbŠKI-?;*?1o@
T
p5IKR7?78917a1?I1•/0;_?V
5.6. Bơm tiêm microlitt/0O4n1?3nn?)2;b?1)mR7Y/z/0)K/0)89)7s/7*i))i)17[1s)71lB
“n
&M/TE
“n
Ve?n1?3n-<?BEnn•BnnV
5.7. Hệ thống đưa mẫu vàom17[-t/0nX112;/07I?7h17L/05IK‡
5.7.1. Hệ thống bơm mẫu trực tiếp t/07h17L/0O4nnwK12.)1?M9)mR7Y/z/0)K/0)89&d/7
b'(/0)781)x/97+/1s)7=<;-q/0R7snI/0&xK=<;&'InwK12.)1?M9=<;=t/0;*,7mI=>?1L)&X
&'()R?[n5;i1=<bˆ9b_?)x/)m)4)8K&W,O4n1?3n&[O4nnwK1lO4n1?3nn?)2;b?1=>?1L)&X
R7;Y/0N
“n
^5VPn=s-a1_?…/7TV

5.7.2. Hệ thống thuyền đầu vào•/0&L1-<?Rs/6&xK=<;)HI=t/0;*,7;i=<&'()17`?Ov/0R7s
nI/0Vh17L/0)x/)mnX1=t/0&[&ˆ1)4)8K=:/)7K,[/nwKo17K,Z/p6=d12sRG;126b_?&[
)7K,[/2IR7•?bq/K/0V4)8K&W,17K,Z/0?|9&'I17K,Z/=<;=t/0/m/0/781)HIbqVi)17K,Z/
nwK=<L/0&L1b<nOv/017_)7I/7V•/0&L1)m=•b<nb_/7)7;=t/017K,Z/nwK/vn)7cnwK
O4n=<;1lO4n1?3nn?)2;)x/)m)4)8KRG;=<&W,17K,Z/nwK&[&'I=<;7;ˆ)RG;2IR7•?bq
=>?1L)&X&'()R?[n5;i1=<bˆ9b_?VPn…/7DV
5.8. Tuần hoàn lạnhe7?-t/097'4/097i9O4nnwK=<;17K,Z/)x/)m17?M1Od&?ZK)7Ž/7)mR7Y
/z/0)89)781b<nb_/71_?/7?h1&X1789R7g/0&`?6C
;
o1Kj)7f/pV
5.9. Máy ghi đồ thịo1Kj)7f/pV
5.10. Cân,)m&X)7s/7*i)Ov/0•EENn0o1Kj)7f/pV
6. Thuốc thử và vật liệu
6.1. Độ tinh khiết của các thuốc thử  2;/01;</OX)i)97G917•&ZK5•-a/0)i)7;i)781)89
17KL)17•VMKR7g/0)mJK?&d/7R7i)17…181)Y)i)17KL)17•97Y?97t7(9=>?)i)1?3K)7KW/7?h/
7</7)m17[5•-a/0)i)b;_?R7i)=>?&?ZKR?h/&YnOY;b<)i)17KL)17•/<,)m&X1?/7R7?M1)I;
97t7(9R7?5•-a/0R7g/0b<n0?Yn&X)7s/7*i))HI97G917•V
Hình 1 - Các loại ống đốt mẫu thông thường
Hình 2 - Cơ cấu xylanh bơm trực tiếp
Hình 3 - Hệ thống đầu vào của thuyền
6.2. Khí trơ7Ž-t/0I20;/7I,73b?o-t/0)7;5‚)R”7;ˆ))89Ep)m&X1?/7R7?M11L?17?[KOv/0
SSSSU€=<&XWnb>//781Ov/0B99n17P;R7L?b'(/0V
6.3. Oxy m&X1?/7R7?M1)I;o-t/0)7;5‚)R”7;ˆ))89Ep1L?17?[KOv/0SS„B€&XWnb>//781
b<B99n17P;R7L?b'(/0b<nR7gJKI)i)-+,97+/1•oY/7Oi;*,)7i,R7in_/7pV
6.4. Toluen, xylen, Isooctan)8917KL)17•o)i)-K/0ng?R7i))m=I?12q*•b”nwK1'4/01./7'
)i)-K/0ng?123/)ƒ/0)m17[-t/0&'()p)x/97Y?7?hK)7Ž/7b'(/0b'K7Kj/712;/0-K/0ng?
o-K/0ng?nwK12‚/0p&'()-t/0&[)7KW/Od)i)nwK)7KW/=<97Ib;u/0)i)nwK97+/1s)7V]?h)
-t/0nX1-K/0ng?)mnr)/7?•nb'K7Kj/7R7g/097i17?h/&'()5;=>?7<nb'(/0b'K7Kj/7
)7'IO?M112;/0nwKb<nnwK12‚/017…R7g/0)x/17?M197Y?7?hK)7Ž/7oY/7Oi;i)-K/0ng?281
-•)7i,pV

6.5. Dibenzothiophen 7+/1•b'(/0NUCTF–)mN„DSS€on^npSo7|17s)7TpV
6.6. Butyl sulfua7+/1•b'(/0NCFTS)mTNST€on^npSo7|17s)7TpV
6.7. Thionaphten (Benzothiophen)7+/1•b'(/0NDCT)mTDSE€on^npSo7|17s)7TpV
} ~Tx/)m5.7?hK)7Ž/7)i)/7?•nOW/7;i7f)V
6.8. Bông thuỷ tinh.
6.9. Dung dịch chuẩn gốc S 1000
μg
S/ml7KW/Od-K/0-d)7)7KW/0L)Ov/0)i)7)+/)7s/7*i)
R7;Y/0EB„CU0-?OP/{;17?;97P/7;ˆ)ECBFT0OK1,b5K/Š?17;ˆ)ECNUC017?;/I971P/)7;=<;7…/7
O…/7&d/7nr)-K/01s)7NEEnbVt/0-K/0ng?&u)7f/97Ib;u/0&M/=_)7nr)VK/0-d)7)7KW/
0L)/<,)m17[&'()97Ib;u/01?M9&M//†/0&Xb'K7Kj/7n;/0nKL/o7|17s)7DBpV
} ~Di))7KW/b<n=?h))x/&d/7Rj97Ib_?1Kj17KX)=<;1x/*K815•-a/0=<17c?0?I/V
7g/017'c/0)i)-K/0-d)70L))m17[5•-a/012;/0D17i/0V
} ~Ci))7KW/7?hK)7KW/)m17[&'())7KW/Od=<&'()97Ib;u/017P;R7L?b'(/0^R7L?
b'(/0R7?RM1JKY1s/71;i/&'()&?ZK)7Ž/7)7;97t7(9V
} ~Bi))7KW/7?hK)7KW/)m/0K†/0L)1l17d12'c/0)ƒ/0)m17[&'()5•-a/0R7?&X
)7s/7*i)&'()R?[n12I=<&X)7anR7g/0Od0?YnV
6.10. Các mẫu kiểm tra chất lượng (QC) 7g/017'c/0-t/0/7’/097x/)HInX17;ˆ)/7?ZK)781
b•/0-xKn•)7|/097Y?`/&d/7=<&_?-?h/)7;nwKV7’/0nwKR?[n12I)781b'(/0/<,)m17[
&'()5•-a/0&[R?[n12I7?hKb.))HIJKi12…/717•/7'ng1Y6&?[KNCV
7. Nguy hiểm
2;/097'4/097i9/<,5•-a/0/7?h1&X)I;V7Y?28117:/12f/0R7?-t/0)i)=:1-•)7i,0x/bq
/7?h197+/;*,7;iV
8. Lấy mẫu
8.1. a/0)ab8,nwK17P; ]F„„„o@ ACEB„p7;ˆ)@ ACN„„V[0?’)i))8K1•-•
OI,74?17'c/0)m12;/0nX15LnwKR7g/0/3/&[nwK76b+K74/nr))x/17?M1Vi)nwK)x/
&'()97+/1s)7)</05>n)</01L1R[1lR7?b8,nwK1lO†/&[12i/75.n81ni1b'K7Kj/77;ˆ)nwK
Od/7?•nOW/R7?nwK1?M9*|)=>?ng?12'c/07;ˆ)O…/7)7rInwKVoY/7Oi;i)nwK&'()b8,6
/7?h1&X178974//7?h1&X97q/0)m17[5Œ-u//6=<b<n=—O…/7)7rIV]>?/7’/0nwK/7'=:,
17…R7g/0&`nwK&x,&M//‚9)x/)mR7g/00?I/697sI123/nwK-</7)7;5.-u//6nwKpV

8.2. MKnwKR7g/0-t/0/0I,17…97Y?12X/R\12;/0O…/7)7rIR7sb8,nwK&[97+/1s)7V
9. Chuẩn bị thiết bị
9.1. ‚92i9=<R?[n12I5.2q2Ž)HI17?M1Od17P;7'>/0-w/)HI/7<5Y/*K81V
9.2. Kj17KX)97'4/097i9&'InwK=<;&?ZK)7Ž/717?M1Od97t7(9=>?/7’/0&?ZKR?h/JK?&d/76
Y/0NV
9.3. ?ZK)7Ž/7&X/7_,)HI17?M1Od=<&X`/&d/7)HI&'c/0/Z/17.)7?h/JK,12…/7R?[n12InwK
12‚/017P;7'>/0-w/)HI/7<5Y/*K81V
10. Hiệu chuẩn và chuẩn hoá
10.1. .I123//†/0&Xb'K7Kj/7&uO?M1)7f/nX112;/0/7’/0&'c/0);/012;/0Y/0TVƒ/0)m
17[5•-a/0)i)=t/07k974/)i)=t/0&u/3KV K,/7?3/)7'I&'()*i)&d/7&'()&X)7an)HI
97'4/097i917•R7?-t/0)i)=t/0/†/0&X7k974/V7Y?&YnOY;2v/0)i))7KW/&'()-t/0&[
7?hK)7KW/)m97x/)7ˆ/123/-'>?)HI/†/0&XnwK&Pn97+/1s)7V7KW/Od)W/17:/nX1-u,)i)
)7KW/7?hK)7KW/97t7(9V ?M/7</797Ib;u/017P;17[1s)7-K/0-d)70L))7;)i)=t/0/†/0&X
R7i)/7IK17P;)i)7'>/0-w/&'c/0);/07?hK)7KW/5Lb'(/0)i)O…/7-K/0-d)7)7KW/)7;
&'c/07?hK)7KW/)m17[R7i)/7IK)7Ž)x/17K&'())i)RM1JKY1'4/0&'4/0V
Bảng 1- Các điều kiện vận hành điển hình
W,*?bI/7oO4n12.)1?M9p1L)&X&x,o„EE„BEp
N
“b
^5
W,17K,[/o17K,Z/=<;p1L)&X&W,o„EE„BEp NCEnn^n?/NFEnn^n?/
7?h1&Xbq
NE„B
;
±TB
;

ˆ11L)&X-q/0;*,)HIbqoDUCNp CBEnb^n?/BEEnb^n?/
ˆ11L)&X-q/0;*,&xK=<;oECEUp NEnb^n?/DEnb^n?/
ˆ11L)&X-q/0R7snI/0&xK=<;oDCDFp NDEnb^n?/NFEnb^n?/

Bảng 2 Các vùng hiệu chuẩn lưu huỳnh điển hình và các nồng độ tiêu chuẩn
'c/0);/0N
'K7Kj/7/0^
“b
'c/0);/0T
'K7Kj/7/0^
“b
'c/0);/0D
'K7Kj/7/0^
“b
EBE BEE NEEEE
NEE TBEE BEEEE
TBE BEEE NEEEEE
BEE NEEEE
NEEE
'(/0O4n=<; '(/0O4n=<; '(/0O4n=<;
NE
“b
TE
“b
B
“b
N
“b
B
“b
10.2.t/0nwK*|)2•In?)2;*,bI/7/7?ZKbx/12'>)R7?97+/1s)7/MK)mOf1R7s12;/017+/*,bI/7
17…O4n7M12I=<7|1nwKn>?V
10.3. AX1b'(/0nwKR7K,3/-t/0)7;&'c/07?hK)7KW/&'())7f/1lY/0T)x/97Y?b8,12'>)
=<;O4n1?3n12'>)R7?O4n=<;L/0&L17;ˆ))89=<;17K,Z/nwK&[97+/1s)7o*Pn7|17s)7F=<

„p)m7I?97'4/097i91?M/7</7V
} ~F]?h)O4nnX1b'(/0nwKR7g/0&`?7;z)1'4/01.&L?=>?181)Y)i))781&Pn97+/
1s)712;/0nX1=t/0=:/7</7&u)7f/b<n1z/0)i)&?ZKR?h/&L197t7(9V
} ~„]?h)O4nNE
“b
)HI-K/0-d)77?hK)7KW/NEE/0^
“b
5Œ*i)b:9&'()&?[n7?hK)7KW/
Ov/0NEEE/07;ˆ)NE
“0
V
10.3.1. ]?h)&;17[1s)7)HI)781&'()O4n=<;)m17[17.)7?h/Ov/0)i)77|1&x,)781=<;O4n
1?3n&M/nr)&u)7f/VeG;9?51;/)HIO4n&[R7g/0R7s12</=<;=<nˆ1);/0)HI)781b•/01a1
*KL/01>?nr)NE€)HI17I/0&;07?b_?17[1s)7)HI)781b•/012;/0*,bI/75IKR7?O4nnwKb_?
RG;9?51;/)HI*,bI/7b3/&[nˆ1);/0)HI)781b•/01a1*KL/01>?nr)NE€)HI17I/0&;07?b_?17[
1s)7&f)&'()7?hK5L)HI7I?bx/17[1s)7&f)&'())7s/7b<17[1s)7)HInwK&'()O4n=<;o7|
17s)7UpV
} ~Um17[-t/017?M1Odb8,nwK=<O4n1.&X/017I,)7;JK,12…/7O4nnwK17H)g/0&u
/3K
10.3.2. <n&x,O4n1?3n/7'6NEVDVN)+/O4n1?3n12'>)=<5IKR7?O4nnwK&[*i)&d/7b'(/0
nwK&uO4n=<;V$K,12…/7/<,)m17[)7;&X)7s/7*i)1L174/97'4/097i9&;17[1s)7=>?&?ZK
R?h/b<5•-a/0)+/)m&X)7s/7*i)&M/•EENn0V
10.4. 7;b'(/0nwK17s)77(9&u&;12'>)=<;O4n1?3nn?)2;b?1O4n/0I,nX1b'(/0nwK*i)
&d/7=<;12;/017?M1OdVƒ/0)m17[5•-a/07I?97'4/097i9V
10.4.1. [O4n12.)1?M9)W/17:/&'IO4n1?3n=<;&xK=<;)HIOK†/0&L1=<OX97:/&W,O4nV
7x/nwK)q/b_?12;/0R?n&'()&L1oR?nR7g/0)m0…pV0I,R7?&'c/0/Z/`/&d/7&'()*i)b:9
b_?O‚1&xK97+/1s)7/0I,V8,O4n1?3n2IR7•?17?M1Od/0I,R7?&'c/0/Z/`/&d/71i?7?h/V
10.4.2. MK-t/017K,Z/nwK17…O4nnX1b'(/0nwK1lO4n1?3n=<;17K,Z/nwK)m)7rIOg/0
17_)7I/7=>?1L)&X)7:n&[b8,&'()0?f1)KL?)t/01lR?n1?3nV8,O4n1?3n2I=<O‚1&xK97+/
1s)7/0I,V'c/0/Z/)HI17?M1Od612_/017i?`/&d/7)7;&M/R7?17K,Z/nwK1?M9):/=>?bq=<5.

OI,74?)HInwKO‚1&xKV'c/0/Z/)HI17?M1Od&'()*i)b:9126b_?12'>)R7?17K,Z/&'()2|17;</
1;</2IR7•?bqo7|17s)7SpVe7?17K,Z/nwK&_1&M/=d12s2|12I7;</1;</b<nb_/7s1/781nX197|1
12'>)R7?O4nnwKn>?o7|17s)7SpV
} ~S L)&XRG;17K,Z/)7:n7;ˆ))m&?[n-l/0/0‚/)HI17K,Z/612;/0bqb<)x/17?M1&[
&YnOY;nwK&'()&L1)7i,7;</1;</V]?h)O4n12.)1?M91_;)7;*•b”nwK-•-</0=<)Y?17?h/
&ˆ)1s/7&L1nwK)m)7rI/7’/07(9)781b'K7Kj/7-•OI,74?V
10.4.3. Ar)&Xb<nb_/717K,Z/nwK=<=?h)97i17?h/b'K7Kj/7/0I,5IKR7?O4nnwK=<;b?3/
JKI/12.)1?M9&M/1s/7OI,74?)HI)i))781)x/97+/1s)7VL?=>?)i))781-•OI,74?=?h)b<nb_/7
17K,Z/nwK12'>)R7?O4nnwKb<281)x/17?M15•-a/0OX97:/1Kx/7;</b_/7&[0?Yn17?[K5.
OI,74?)HInwK)7;&M/R7?17K,Z/nwK1?M9):/=>?bqV7;ˆ)1z/017c?0?I/b<nb_/717K,Z/nwK)m
17[b</7’/0,3K)xK)HI97G917•V
10.5. @•-a/0nX112;/07I?97'4/097i9-'>?&+,&[7?hK)7KW/17?M1OdV
10.5.1. 7.)7?h/)i)97G9&;)i)-K/0-d)77?hK)7KW/=<nwK12‚/017P;)i)JK,12…/7/3K6NEVT
=<NEVCV;)i)-K/0-d)77?hK)7KW/=<nwK12‚/0Dbx/V8,0?i12d1l/0-K/0-d)77?hK)7KW/&;
&'()12l&?0?i12d12K/0O…/7)HInwK12‚/0V@IK&m*i)&d/70?i12d12K/0O…/7)HI;n;?*5L&f)r/0
=>?1l/0/†/0&Xo*PnFVCpV 7?M1b:9&'c/0);/0)i)0?i12d12K/0O…/7)HI5L&f)/7:/&'()1l
-P1P)1;2o12a),p=<;b'(/0n?)2;02Inb'K7Kj/7O4n=<;o12a)po7|17s)7NEpV'c/0/<,b<nX1
&'c/017˜/097Y?R?[n12Ib_?7</0/0<,R7?5•-a/0VPn&?ZKNCV
} ~NEm17[-t/0)i)7R7i)&[b:9&'c/0)7KW/n?•/b<R7g/00?Yn&X)7s/7*i)=<&X
)7an
10.5.2MK)i)17?M1Od)mR7Y/z/01.7?hK)7KW/17'c/0*K,3/17…&;)i)-K/0-d)77?hK)7KW/=<
nwK12‚/0Dbx/-t/0nX112;/0)i))i)JK?12…/7/3K6NEVT=<NEVCVMK&q?7•?97Y?7?hK)7Ž/7
nwK12‚/0=<R7g/0)mnX117?M1Od17s)77(9o*PnFVC7;ˆ)NEVBVNp17…7?hK)7KW/17?M1Od97+/1s)7
97t7(9=>?7'>/0-w/)HI/7<5Y/*K81&[/7:/&'()RM1JKY/I/;0Inb'K7Kj/7o7|17s)7NEpV
'c/0/<,b<nX1&'c/017˜/0=<)x/97Y?R?[n12I7h17L/07</0/0<,R7?5•-a/0o*Pn&?ZKNCpV
10.6MK=?h)7?hK)7KW/17?M1Od97+/1s)7&'()17.)7?h/R7?5•-a/0&'c/0)7KW/R7i)=>?)i)
&'c/0)7KW//3K6Y/0T)7f/nX1b'(/0nwK&[O4n I123/)456/†/0&X)HI-K/0-d)7&;
0x/=>?&'c/0)7KW//781V+, /0&'c/0)7KW/&[17K&'())i)0?i12d)m17[17g/0Oi;7<n
b'(/0b'K7Kj/7123/)456R7L?b'(/0^R7L?b'(/0V
11. Cách tiến hành

11.1. [b8,nwK17•5•-a/0JK,12…/7/3K12;/0&?ZKUV†/0&Xb'K7Kj/712;/0nwK17•97Y?/7•
74//†/0&X)HI-K/0-d)71?3K)7KW/)I;/781=<b>/74//†/0&X)HI-K/0-d)71?3K)7KW/1789
/781)HI&'c/0)7KW/VMK)x/)m17[97Ib;u/017P;R7L?b'(/07;ˆ)17[1s)7V
11.1.1. Pha loãng theo khối lượngokhối lượng/khối lượngp7?R7L?b'(/0)HInwK17•=<1`/0R7L?
b'(/0)HInwK17•=<-K/0ng?V
11.1.2. Pha loãng theo thể tích (khối lượng/thể tíchp7?R7L?b'(/0)HInwK17•=<1`/017[1s)7)HI
nwK17•=<-K/0ng?V
11.2. s/75L&f))HI-K/0-d)7nwK17•17P;nX112;/0/7’/0JK,12…/7/3K6NEVT=<NEVCV
11.3. e?[n12IL/0&L1=<)i)-q/0)7Y,)HI)i))8K1•&[17.)7?h/;*,7;i1;</OXnwK17•V
11.3.1. Hệ thống bơm mẫu trực tiếp?Ynb'(/0nwK7;ˆ)1L)&XO4nnwK7;ˆ))Y7I?/MK12;/0bq
178,*K817?h/)L)7;ˆ)O†7m/0V
11.3.2. Hệ thống đưa thuyền mẫu vào)x/1z/017c?0?I/b'K17K,Z/nwK12;/0bq/MK178,)L)=<
O†7m/012;/017K,Z/nwKV?Yn1L)&X&W,17K,Z/nwK=<;7;ˆ)0?Ynb'(/0nwK7;ˆ))Y7I?/MK
178,*K817?h/)L)=<O†7m/06&xK2I)HIL/0&L1V
11.3.3. Làm sạch và hiệu chuẩn lại<n5_)7)i)97x/1_;)L)=<O†7m/017P;7'>/0-w/)HI/7<
5Y/*K81V@IKn™?bx/b<n5_)77;ˆ)7?hK)7Ž/7)x/R?[n12I=?h)b‚92i9=<&X2q2Ž)HI17?M1OdV?hK
)7KW/b_?17?M1Od12'>)R7?97+/1s)7nwKV
11.4. [/7:/&'()RM1JKY&;1l/0-K/0-d)7nwK17•Dbx/=<1s/75L&f)12K/0O…/7)HI-P1P)1;2
11.5. [1s/71;i/*i)&d/7R7L?b'(/02?3/017P; ]FBSCo@ ANTSUp@ ACEBT7;ˆ)
)i)97'4/097i91'4/0&'4/01_?/7?h1&X97+/1s)7nwKV
12. Tính kết quả
12.1. L?=>?)i)ni,97+/1s)7&u&'()7?hK)7KW/5•-a/0&'c/0)7KW/&[1s/7b'(/0b'K/Kj/7
)HInwK17•)m12;/0nwK17P;97x/12?hKo99np/7'5IK‡
'K7Kj/799no
“0
^0pš
( )
SxMxkg
Yl −
oNp

;ˆ)
'K7Kj/799no
“0
^0pš
( )( )
SxMxkv
1000Yl −
oTp
12;/0&m
b<R7L?b'(/02?3/0)HI-K/0-d)7nwK17•0^nb–
b<0?i12d12K/0O…/7)HI5L&f)-P1P1;21;</97x/)7;-K/0-d)717•5L&Mno);K/1p–
e0b<7h5L97Ib;u/0R7L?b'(/0R7L?b'(/0nwK17•^R7L?b'(/0nwK17•=<-K/0ng?0^0–
e=b<7h5L97Ib;u/017[1s)7R7L?b'(/0nwK17•^17[1s)7nwK17•=<-K/0ng?0^nb–
Ab<R7L?b'(/0)HI-K/0-d)7nwK17•O4n=<;)m17[&;12.)1?M97;ˆ)1s/71;i/1l17[1s)7O4n
=<;=<R7L?b'(/02?3/0]*0–
@b<&X/07?3/0)HI&'c/0)7KW/5L&Mn^
“0
@–
]b<17[1s)7)HInwK17•&uO4n=<;)m17[&;12.)1?M97;ˆ)1s/71;i/1lR7L?b'(/0&uO4n=<;
=<R7L?b'(/02?3/0A^
“b
–
b<97x/Od)7‚/)H_&'c/0)7KW/5L&Mno);K/1p–
NEEEb<7h5L)7K,[/&`?
“b
17</7nbV
12.2. L?=>?)i)17?M1Od97+/1s)7&u7?hK)7KW/17'c/0*K,3/1.7?hK)7KW/)m7?hK)7Ž/7nwK
12‚/01s/7b'(/0b'K7Kj/712;/0nwK17•17P;97x/12?hK/7'5IKo99np‡
'K7Kj/799no
“0

^0pš
g
kM
1000G
×
×
oDp
;ˆ)
'K7Kj/799no
“0
^0pš
DV
1000G
×
×
oCp
12;/0&m
b<R7L?b'(/02?3/0)HI-K/0-d)7nwK17•n0^
“b
oO4n)781)7'I97Ib;u/0p7;ˆ)/†/0&X-K/0
-d)7n0^
“b
oO4n17[1s)7&u97Ib;u/0p–
e
0
b<7h5L97Ib;u/0R7L?b'(/0R7L?b'(/0nwK^R7L?b'(/0)HInwK17•=<-K/0ng?0^0–
Ab<R7L?b'(/0)HI-K/0-d)7nwK17•O4n=<;&;12.)1?M97;ˆ)1s/71l17[1s)7&uO4n=<;=<
R7L?b'(/02?3/0]n0–
]b<17[1s)7)HInwK17•&uO4n=<;&;12.)1?M97;ˆ)1s/71;i/1lR7L?b'(/0&uO4n=<;=<R7L?
b'(/02?3/0A^

“b
–
b<b'(/0b'K7Kj/71…n178,12;/0nwK
“0
NEEEb<7h5L)7K,[/&`?
“0
^n017</7
“0
^0
13. Báo cáo kết quả
L?=>?)i)RM1JKYOv/07;ˆ)b>/74/NEn0^R0Oi;)i;RM1JKYb'K7Kj/7&M/n0^R0V]>?/7’/0
RM1JKY/7•74/NEn0^R0Oi;)i;RM1JKYb'K7Kj/7&M/ENn0^R0Vg/0OL)i)RM1JKY/7:/
&'()b<97t7(9=>?1?3K)7KW//<,V
14. Kiểm soát chất lượng
14.1.@IKn™?bx/7?hK)7KW/7;ˆ)7</0/0<,)x/*i)&d/75.7;_1&X/0O…/717'c/0)HI17?M1Od17•
=<^7;ˆ)JK?12…/7Ov/0)i)797+/1s)7nwKR?[n5;i1)781b'(/0o$poFVNEpoPnNEVBpV
14.1.1e7?)i)7†54=ZR?[n5;i1)781b'(/0o$p^&YnOY;)781b'(/0o$p&'()17?M1b:9&?ZK&m
R7˜/0&d/7&X1?/):,)HIRM1JKY97G917•V
14.1.2. e7?7†54$^$)7'I&'()17?M1b:9)m17[5•-a/07aba)/7'b<7h17L/0$^$V
15. Độ chụm và độ chệch
15.1. 7'4/097i9&'()R?[n12I12;/0/zn)7'4/012…/7/07?3/)rKb?3/97q/02?3/0O?h1VX)7an
)HI97'4/097i917K&'() I17P;97+/1s)717L/0R3)i)RM1JKY17•/7'5IKo7|17s)7NNpV
} ~NNi))781OI,74?)m17[b<n0?Yn&X)7an/MKR7g/0OY;JKY/)W/17:/o*PnU=<
NEVCpV
15.1.1. Độ lặp lại@.)73/7bh)70?’I7I?RM1JKY17•b?3/1?M9/7:/&'()-;)t/0nX117s/07?hn
=?3/1?M/7</7123/)t/0nX117?M1Od-'>?)i)&?ZKR?h/17•R7g/0&`?123/)t/0nX1nwK17•12;/0
nX117c?0?I/-<?=>?17I;1i)O…/717'c/0=<)7s/7*i))HI97'4/097i917•/<,)7ŽnX112;/07I?
n'4?12'c/07(9&'()='(1)i)0?i12d-'>?&+,12;/0&mXb<0?i12d12K/0O…/7)HI7I?RM1JKY17•‡
7•74/CEEn0^R0‡2šEN„UUX
oE„Bp

oBp
>/74/CEEn0^R0‡2šEETSETX oFp
15.1.1.1. i)RM1JKY)HIOi;)i;/07?3/)rK‡ETNBC„oTEEETEENp
‹
z/0‡2šEECDBFoX›NCUCCpo„p
?3{P/‡2šEET„„„oX›TUNBUpoUp
15.1.2. X1i?b:9@.)73/7bh)70?’I7I?RM1JKY17•&X)b:9/7:/&'()-;7I?17s/07?hn=?3/
R7I)/7IKb<n=?h)12;/07I?97q/017•/07?hnR7i)/7IK123/)t/0nX1nwK17•12;/0nX117c?
0?I/-<?=>?17I;1i)O…/717'c/0=<)7s/7*i))HI97'4/097i917•/<,)7ŽnX112;/07I?n'4?
12'c/07(9&'()='(1)i)0?i12d/7’/00?i12d-'>?&+,12;/0&mXb<0?i12d12K/0O…/7)HI7I?RM1
JKY17•V
7•74/CEEn0^R0‡šEB„S„ X
oE„Bp

oSp
>/74/CEEn0^R0‡šENTF„X oNEp
15.1.2.1. i)RM1JKY)HIOi;)i;/07?3/)rK‡ETNBC„oTEEETEENp
z/0‡šEDN„EoX›FUUC„p oNNp
?3{P/‡šEDFBSoX›TNNENp oNTp
15.2. Độ chệchX)7h)7)HI97'4/097i9/<,&'()*i)&d/712;/0Oi;)i;/07?3/)rK/zn
NSSTR7?97+/1s)7)i)=:1b?hK)7KW/R7i)/7IK&uO?M17<nb'(/0b'K7Kj/712;/07,-2;)I)O;/V
i;)i;/<,)7Ž2I2v/0/7’/0RM1JKY/7:/&'()123/)i)=:1b?hK)7KW/R7i)/7IK&ZK/vn12;/0
&Xbˆ9b_?)HI97'4/097i9/<,V
15.2.1. I=?h/JKL)0?I=Z1?3K)7KW/=<R\17K:1o@ p&u97+/1s)7)i)=:1b?hK)7KW/5;5i/7
o@Ap&[*i)&d/7&X)7h)7V7’/0nwK&mb<*z/0@ATTSUoCF
“0
^0@p=<TTSSoNDF
“0
^0@p
=<&?3{P/@AT„TDIoNE

“0
^0@pVe7g/0)m&X)7h)7&i/0)7|”)7;&?3{P/@A/7'/0)m&X
)7h)7œES„=<TEE)7;)i)*z/0@ATTSU=<TTSS1'4/0r/0V
15.3.i)=s-a=Z&X)7an/3K123/-t/0)7;)i)nwK)m)7rIs174/CEEn0^R0/7'/3K6Y/0DV
Bảng 3 -Độ lặp lại (r) và độ tái lập (R)
Nồng độ (mg/kg S) r R
N ET EF
B EF NS
NE NE DD
BE DC NES
NEE B„ NUD
CEE NFE BNS
Phụ lục A
o17InR7Y;p
A.1 Kiểm soát chất lượng
A.1.1x/R7˜/0&d/71s/7/z/0)HI17?M1Od17•7;ˆ)JK?12…/717•Ov/0)i)797+/1s)7)i)nwKR?[n
5;i1)781b'(/0o$pV
A.1.2 2'>)R7?0?in5i1JKi12…/7&;/0'c?5•-a/097'4/097i917•)x/*i)&d/70?i12d12K/0
O…/7=<)i)0?>?7_/R?[n5;i1)HInwK$o*Pn@ AFTSS=YA„pV
A.1.37?)i)RM1JKY$=<97+/1s)7)i)&†17dR?[n5;i17;ˆ))i)R\17K:117L/0R31'4/0r/0
R7i)&[1…n2I7?h/12_/0R?[n5;i117L/0R3)HI1;</OXJKi12…/717•o*Pn@ AFTSS=<A„pV
81Rj17g/05L/<;/vn/0;<?=t/0R?[n5;i1)ƒ/0)x//07?3/)rK/0K,3//7+/)7s/7Vi)RM1JKY
/07?3/)rK/<,)m17[-w/&M/=?h)97Y?7?hK)7KW/b_?17?M1Od/7'/0)ƒ/0)m17[R7g/0)x/V
A.1.4MK12;/097'4/097i917•R7g/0,3K)xK2•=?h)&d/7Rj17•$97a17KX)=<;)781b'(/0
&;&'()=Z&X`/&d/7)HIJKi12…/717•=<)i),3K)xK)HIR7i)77</0Vm?)7K/0R7?17'c/0
*
@ A17.)7?h/
*K,3/97+/1s)7nwK17…7</0/0<,1?M/7</797+/1s)7nX1nwK$V x/*K81$5Œ1z/0b3//MK
12;/0/0<,b'(/0nwK97+/1s)7/7?ZKV K,/7?3/R7?97G917•&'()R?[n5;i117L/0R317…1x/*K81
17•$)m17[0?YnVX)7an)HInwK$5Œ&'()R?[n12I17P;&X)7an97'4/097i917•@ A

&[&YnOY;)781b'(/0)HI)i)-’b?hKV
A.1.5e7K,M//07db<nwK$97Y?b<nwK&_?-?h/)7;)781&'()97+/1s)77</0/0<,)x/)m5Y/
b'(/0nwK$b>/)7;)7KRj5•-a/0&u&d/7)i)nwK/<,97Y?&†/0/781=<`/&d/7-'>?&?ZK
R?h/OY;JKY/JK?&d/7VPn@ AFTSS=<A„=Z)i)7'>/0-w/173n&L?=>?$=<)i)R\
17K:1&†17dR?[n5;i1V
A.2 i),MK1LJKI/12f/012;/097+/1s)712.)1?M9)i)7,-2;)I)O;/5•-a/097'4/097i917•/<,
ob'K7Kj/7p
A.2.1Nhiệt độ lòœL?=>?b'K7Kj/7,3K)xK/7?h1&X)HIbqb<NE„B
;
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V)x/)7;/7’/0
nY/717_)7I/7=<;12;/0=t/0&L1)HIL/0/7?h197+/V
A.2.2Vị trí của đầu kim tiêm trong quá trình bơmxKR?n1?3n97Y?6=t/0/m/0/781)HIbqV‚9
2i917?M1Od17P;)i),3K)xKR\17K:1)HI/7<5Y/*K81=<97Y?&YnOY;R?n1?3n&'())‚n5+K7;</
1;</V
A.2.3Đỉnh bắt đầu tiêm (injeetion Peak)/mẫu trắng của kim tiêmx/12i/75.1:97(9)HIO81Rj
/7?ZK&'c/0/Z//<;-;&X*K,3/)HIR?n=<;n</0/0z/V@IKR7?&'Ib'(/0nwK=<;12;/0O4n
1?3n2|19?51;/&[1_;R7;Y/0R7g/06nr)*89*ŽNE€17I/0)7?I)HI17+/O4nV7f)R?n1?3n=<;
)•I&[)7;R?n=<n</0/0z/R7g/0)7rI0…Vˆ1b_?&'c/0/Z/)HIni,12'>)R7?O4nnwK12;/0
17+/O4n=<;ni,V
A.2.4Thời gian lưu trú của kim ở trong lò 7c?0?I/b'K12|)HIR?n612;/0bq)x/97Y?1'4/017s)7
=>?=?h)O4nnwKVL?=>?)i)97G9O4nnwK12.)1?M917…/3/b'KR?n12;/0bq)7;&M/R7?ni,126
b_?&'c/0/Z/=<=?h)97+/1s)7nwKO4n=<;&u7;</181V
A.2.5Lượng chất bơm vào0K,3/1‚))7K/0b<)x/97Y?b8,b'(/0nwKb>/&[&;nr)b'K7Kj/7
/7•V[*i)&d/7b'(/0nwKO4n=<;b<1L1/781)x/97Y?17'c/0*K,3/R?[n12IOv/0)7r/0&L1
)7i,R7g/07;</1;</oO†7m/0p7?h/-?h/123/&'c/0&?)HInwKV?ZK)7Ž/7b'(/0O†7m/0Ov/0
1L)&XO4nnwK1lO4n1?3n=<;)7:n7I,1z/0;*,/7?h197+/7I,)K/0)89;*,&xK=<;7;ˆ)b<
1`7(9/7’/017r&mV'(/0)—nwK&'()&Z/07d/7'5IK‡
l=M1&M/Bn0^R0@

NE&M/TE
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lB99n&M/NEEn0^R0@
B&M/NE
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lNEEn0^R0&M/€@
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A.2.6Tốc độ bơm và tần xuất bơm4n&W,b'(/0nwK1lO4n1?3n=<;bq=>?1L)&X)7:n*89*Ž
N
“b
^5o17?M1Od&W,nwKR?[K„DB)m1L)&X„EE&M/„BEpV x/*K81O4n)m17[R7i)/7IK97a17KX)
=<;nwK=<)i)R\17K:15•-a/0O4n1?3n=<;1L)&XO4n=<17c?0?I/b'K12|)HIR?n612;/0bqV
x/*K81O4n&?[/7…/7b<s1/781DBn?/0?’I7I?bx/O4nV
A.2.7 Đường đi của dòngkiểm tra độ hở và áp suất ngược&'c/0&?)HI-q/0nwK)x/97Y?Rs/R7?
17•i95K8197t7(9=>?JK?12…/7)HI/7<5Y/*K81oT95?D95?pV95K81/0'())HI-q/012;/0JKi
12…/7=:/7</7O…/717'c/06R7;Y/01lE„B95?&M/TEE95?V
A.2.8Đặt tốc độ dòng khíe7s&'())K/0)891>?)i)&?[nR7i)/7IK123/&'c/0&?)HInwK)x/
97Y?&'()R?[n5;i1&[&YnOY;nwK&'()&L1)7i,7;</1;</3n-dKVPnY/0VTVNV
Bảng A.2.1 - Đặt tốc độ dòng khí - Phép phân tích bơm trực tiếp
Các dòng khí điển hình Viên bi của thiết bị đo khí Tốc độ khí, ml/min
ˆ117?M1Od&;R7snI/0&xK
=<;
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DCœDF NCENFE
ˆ117?M1Od&;;*,&xK=<; ECEF NETE
ˆ117?M1Od&;;*,)HIbq DUCN CBEBEE
ˆ117?M1Od&;ni,97i1
;{g/

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NBN„ DBCB
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m17[5•-a/0Pb?7I,I20;/b<nR7snI/0

q/01>?ni,97i1;{g/
A.2.9Làm sạch bằng máy làm khô dùng màng lọcœ'>)5?/72I12;/0JKi12…/7&L1nwK&'()b;_?
O•Ov/0ni,b<nR7g-t/0n</0bf)V@IK&m/'>)&'()17`?5_)7R7•?ni,b<nR7g-t/0n</0bf)V
L?=>?ni,-t/017?M1Od7|1Wno1i?5?/7-q/0p&[)K/0)89R7sb<n5_)717?M1Odb<nR7g-t/0n</0
bf))x/97Y?17I,1i)/7+/b<nR7gR7?n<K)7Ž17d17I,&`?o1l*I/75I/07†/0pVe7?5•-a/0-q/0
R7s97a17…&ˆ11L)&X-q/0R7sb<n5_)717?M1Odb<nR7g-t/0nY/06TEEnb^n?/&M/TBEnb^n?/V
A.2.10Đồng thể hoá mẫu/số đếm hiệu chuẩn 2'>)R7?97+/1s)7)x/12X/R\17K:1nwK=<)i)
)781)7KW/7;iVi9r/0&H-P1P1;21L?17?[K‡oe?[Kni,„EEEp5Œ)7;5L&MnR7g/0/7•74/TEEE
&Mno);K/1p&M/DEEEbx/&Mno);K/1poR?[Kni,SEEEp5Œ)7;5L&MnR7g/0/7•74/TEE&Mn
o);K/1p&M/DEE&Mno);K/1p7;ˆ)=>?&?[n1789/781)HI&'c/0)7KW/17…5L&Mn97Y?089OIbx/
&X/7?•K&'c/0/Z/V?[n)I;/781)HI&'c/0)7KW/178974/&?[nOu;7;<)HI-P1P)1;2/3/
-t/0ni,)m5L&Mn).)&_?1lDBEVEEE&Mno);K/1p&M/CBEVEEE&Mno);K/1poR?[Kni,„EEEpVe?[K
SEEER7g/0)m)i)&Ž/797˜/0&xKV?ZK)7Ž/7)i),MK1L/7'&?h/17M)HIL/0JKI/0&?h/&I)89
oA pb'(/0nwK7;ˆ))Y7I?)7;97t7(9V
A.2.11Độ ổn định của đường nền 2'>)R7?97+/1s)7&ˆ)O?h1b<97+/1s)7)i)nr)b'K7Kj/7
1789)x/97Y?R7˜/0&d/72v/0)i)&'c/0/Z/)HI-P1P)1;2b<`/&d/7=<R7g/0Od/7?•KVL?=>?nX1
,MK1L/7:/&'()&u)7;17M)HIL/0JKI/0&?h/&I)89)m17[&'()&?ZK)7Ž/7&[&YnOY;)m&X
/7_,).)&_?12;/0R7?-K,12…nX1&'c/0/Z/`/&d/7=<R7g/0Od/7?•KV]>?R?[KSEEE/0'c?-t/0
)m17[5•-a/0&'c/0/Z/&u&i/70?i=<)i))7r)/z/0)HI9?)&[0?Yn/7?•K&'c/0/Z/V
A.2.12Các chất hiệu chuẩn/xây dựng đường chuẩnœ[)7KW/Od)i))781)7KW/)x/-t/0-K/0
ng?R7g/0)m7;ˆ))m&M/nr)/7•/7817<nb'(/0b'K7Kj/75;=>?/†/0&X12;/0)i)nwK)7'I
O?M1Vx/7?hK)7Ž/77<nb'(/0b'K7Kj/7)m12;/0-K/0ng?=<&XR7g/01?/7R7?M1)HI)i))781OI/
&xKV@•&a/0)i)&'c/0)7KW/)m)7ˆ/123/-'>?0?>?7_/)i)nr)/†/0&Xb'K7Kj/7)m12;/0nwK
)7'IO?M1Ve7g/0)x/17?M1G9&'c/0)7KW/97Y?&?JKI12a)1;_&XoEEpV+, /0/†/0&X)7KW/&[
/7:/&'()&'c/0)7KW/b<1K,M/1s/7=<R7g/0='(1JKi=t/0&X/07f))HI-P1P)1;2o5•-a/07h

5L1'4/0JKI/ESSS=<&_?b'(/0b;_?N=<b;_?T]s-aBn0^R0&M/NEEn0^R0pV'c/0)7KW/)m
nX10?i12d*i)&d/7)m17[5•-a/0&[1s/77<nb'(/0@)m12;/0nwK123/)456R7L?b'(/0^R7L?
b'(/0V
A.3Các yếu tố quan trọng trong phép phân tích hydrocacbon dùng thuyền mẫu, áp dụng
TCVN 7760 (ASTM D 5453) (lưu huỳnh)
A.3.1Nhiệt độ lòL?=>?b'K7Kj/7/7?h1&Xbq,3K)xKb<NE„B
;
•TB
;
V7;/7’/0nY/717_)7
I/7=<;12;/0=t/0&L1)HIbq/7?h197+/V
A.3.2Đường đi của thuyền mẫu 7K,Z/nwK97Y?/vn7;</1;</12;/0=t/0)•I=<;)HIbqV[
&YnOY;b‚917?M1Od17P;)i)1?3K)7KW/R\17K:1)HI/7<5Y/*K81V
A.3.3Tốc độ đưa thuyền mẫu vào và thời gian lưu trú của mẫu ở trong lòW,17K,Z/nwK=<;bq=>?
1L)&XNCEnn^n?/&M/NFEnn^n?/oR?[Kni,„DB&ˆ1nr)„EE„BEpV L)&X17K,Z/)7:nb_?7;ˆ)
)7;17K,Z/-l/012;/0nX117c?0?I//0‚/12;/0bqb<)x/17?M1&[&L1)7i,1;</OXnwKV@IKR7?97i1
7?h/nwK&u)7i,7M1RG;17K,Z/2IR7•?bqV 7c?0?I/b'K12|)HI17K,Z/612;/0bq)m17[R7i)/7IK
1Kj17KX)=<;1s/7OI,74?)HInwK=</†/0&X)HI/0K,3/1L)x/&;V 7c?0?I/'K12|12;/0bq)HI
17K,Z/nwK17'c/01lNB5&M/FE5V
A.3.4Lượng chất bơm vào0K,3/1‚))7K/0b<)x/97Y?b8,b'(/0b>/nwKR7?97+/1s)7/†/0&X
b'K7Kj/76nr)1789V[*i)&d/7b'(/0nwKb<1L?'K17'c/0*K,3/97Y?R?[n12I=?h)&L1)7i,
R7g/07;</1;</oO†7m/0p)m17[*Y,2I123/&'c/0&?)HInwKVe?[n5;i15.1_;O†7m/0Ov/0
)i)7)7;17K,Z/-?)7K,[/=>?1L)&X)7:n612;/0bq1z/017c?0?I/17K,Z/612;/0bq7;ˆ)1z/0
)K/0)89;*,/7?h197+/7;ˆ))Y7I?V'(/0nwK&'()R7K,M/)i;/7'5IK‡
l=M1&M/Bn0^R0
NE&M/TE
“b
lB99n&M/NEEn0^R0
B&M/NE
“b

lNEEn0^R0&M/€
B
“b

A.3.5Tốc độ và tần xuất bơm mẫu4n&W,b'(/0nwK12;/017+/O4n=<;17K,Z/nwK=>?1L)&X
)7:noR7;Y/0N
“b
^5p)W/17:/&[O4n&W,&M/0?f1)KL?)t/0V3/&[Og/017_)7I/7=<;12;/0
17K,Z/nwK&[=?h))89nwK&H&d/7b'(/0V x/*K81O4nnwK)m17[R7i)/7IK1Kj17KX)1L)&X
)HI17K,Z/nwK7<n1'(/0b'K7Kj/7)x/*i)&d/717c?0?I/b'K12|12;/0bq=<R7Y/z/0b<nb_/7
1_?=t/0/_917K,Z/V 7'c/01x/*K81O4nnwKb<s1/781TBn?/0?’I7I?bx/O4nnwKV
A.3.6Nhiệt độ của thuyền ở thời điểm đưa mẫu vàoœ)x/97Y?JKI/1+n&M/&XOI,74?)HInwK
&YnOY;2v/0/7?h1&X)HI17K,Z/&'()&'I=Z/7?h1&Xng?12'c/07;ˆ)178974/12'>)R7?&'I
nwK=<;17K,Z/V[17K,Z/12;/0=•b<nb_/77;ˆ)=t/0b<nb_/70?’I7I?RjO4nnwKs1/781b<FE
5VAX1s1b'K7Kj/7)m17[&'()&;6-_/0nwKOI,74?R7?17K,Z/1?M9):/=>?bqV7?h1&X178974/
ng?12'c/0)m17[b<n0?Yn5.OI,74?/<,V
A.3.7Đường đi của dòng mẫu,R?[n12I&X76=<i95K81/0'()'c/0&?)HInwK97Y?Rs/6i9
5K8117•97t7(9=>?JK?12…/7R7K,M/)i;)HI/7<5Y/*K81oT95?&M/D95?pV95K81/0'())HI
-q/012;/0JKi12…/7=:/7</7O…/717'c/0)m17[612;/0R7;Y/0E„B95?&M/TEE95?&L?=>?7h
17L/0R7g/0)m17g/074?2IR7sJK,[/V
A.3.8Đặt tốc độ dòng khí e7s)89)7;)i)&?[nR7i)/7IK123/&'c/0&?)HInwK)x/97Y?&'()
R?[n5;i1&[&YnOY;nwK&'()&L1)7i,7;</1;</VPnY/0VDVNV
A.3.9Làm sạch bằng máy làm khô dùng màng lọc'>)5?/72I12;/0JKi12…/7&L1nwK&'()b;_?
O•Ov/0ni,b<nR7g-t/0n</0bf)V@IK&m/'>)&'()&W,2I/0;<?VL?=>?ni,-t/017?M1Od7|1
Wno1i?5?/7-q/0p&[)K/0)89R7sb<n5_)717?M1Odb<nR7g-t/0n</0bf))x/97Y?17I,1i)/7+/
b<nR7gR7?n<K)7Ž17d17I,&`?o1l*I/75I/07†/0pVe7?5•-t/0-q/0R7s97a17…&ˆ11L)&X-q/0
R7sb<n5_)717?M1Odb<nR7g-t/0n</06TEEnb^n?/&M/TBEnb^n?/V
Bảng A.3.1 - Đặt tốc độ dòng khí - Phép phân tích dùng thuyền mẫu
Các dòng khí điển hình Viên bi của thiết bị đo khí Tốc độ khí, ml/min
ˆ117?M1Od&;R7snI/0&xK=<;


DCDF NDENFE
ˆ117?M1Od&;;*,&xK=<; ECEF NETE
ˆ117?M1Od&;;*,)HIbq DUCN CBEBEE
ˆ117?M1Od&;ni,97i1;{g/

NBN„ DBCB

m17[-t/0Pb?7I,I20;/b<nR7s
nI/0

'Kb'(/01>?ni,97i1;{g/
A.3.10Đồng thể hoá mẫu/số đếm sự hiệu chuẩn
2'>)R7?97+/1s)7)x/12X/R\nwK=<)i))781)7KW/7;iVP1P)1;2)x/)m5L&Mn1L?17?[KVoe?[K
ni,„EEEp5Œ)7;5L&MnR7g/0/7•74/TEEE&Mno);K/1p&M/DEEE&Mno);K/1poe?[Kni,SEEEp
5Œ)7;5L&MnR7g/0/7•74/TEE&Mno);K/1p&M/DEE&Mno);K/1p7;ˆ)&L?=>?&?[n1789/781
)HI&'c/07?hK)7KW/17…5L&Mno);K/1p97Y?089Dbx/&X/7?•K)HI&'c/0/Z/V?[n)I;/781)HI
&'c/07?hK)7KW/178974/&?[nOu;7;<)HI-P1P)1;2oR?[Kni,SEEEp/3/-t/0ni,)m5L&Mn
o);K/1p).)&_?1lDBEVEEE&Mno);K/1p&M/CBEVEEE&Mno);K/1poR?[Kni,„EEEpV?ZK)7Ž/7)i)
,MK1L/7'&?h/17M)HIL/0JKI/0&?h/&I)89oA p7I,b'(/0nwK97t7(9V
A.3.11Mẫu trắng của thuyền/độ ổn định của đường nền 2'>)R7?97+/1s)7&ˆ)O?h1b<97+/1s)7
)i)nwK)mb'(/0b'K7Kj/71789&'I17K,Z/R7g/0)m0…=<;12;/0bq&[&YnOY;R7g/0)m)i)1_9
)7817?h/-?h/12;/017K,Z/7I,&'I=<;O3/12;/0=t/0)HIL/0/7?h197+/0x/=t/0O4nnwKVL1
/m/017K,Z/R7g/012;/0bq&[&YnOY;17K,Z/5_)75IK&m/7I/7)7m/0)7K,[/17K,Z/2IR7•?
=t/0O4nnwKV
} ~VDVNNMK&'I17K,Z/nwK)q//m/0126b_?=t/0O4nnwK5Œ0+,/3/5./7?•K&'c/0
/Z/bz
ž
9b_?)7KRj&W,17K,Z/=<;=<RG;17K,Z/2I)7;&M/R7?97G9&;R7g/097i17?h/178,b'K
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