ÑòA CHÆ IP
ÑòA CHÆ IP










 !"#$
 !"#$





%
%


 
 
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

&'(
&'(


 !"#$#) *+,!)
 !"#$#) *+,!)
--.(/,-0
--.(/,-0
 1+/2345#) #&(
 1+/2345#) #&(

 6&6#&
 6&6#&
(
(

&'784&-9:6
&'784&-9:6
#&(;-0<=->&
#&(;-0<=->&
'2?<@,7) A
'2?<@,7) A
B/C
B/C
(Domain Name System),
(Domain Name System),
7
7
 #&
 #&


Ñòa chæ IP (tt)

Ñòa chæ IP (tt)
DEF(DGH(D(F
DEF(DGH(D(F
DEF(DGH(D(I
DEF(DGH(D(I
DEF(DGH(D(E
DEF(DGH(D(E
DEF(DGH(D(J
DEF(DGH(D(J
CK!K(3(
CK!K(3(
LMI(3(
LMI(3(
14(3(
14(3(
14(3(
14(3(
NO(EG(E(PQ
NO(EG(E(PQ
H(HG(+E(PJ
H(HG(+E(PJ
PH(BG(+E(OJ
PH(BG(+E(OJ
PF(OG(FE(PF
PF(OG(FE(PF
R
R
 *+ST&D-
 *+ST&D-
R

R
 --087UT-BVCK!K842W7 
 --087UT-BVCK!K842W7 
6
6
6#"4
6#"4
U3X
U3X
W(
W(
R
R
&' 
&' 
XW3
XW3
"4!)
"4!)
DB23W
DB23W
Y(
Y(

 SIF(
 SIF(

,7-9ZQ<Y"44[
,7-9ZQ<Y"44[
(four octet)

(four octet)




7A-878
7A-878
\
\
(
(
]
]

I7-
I7-

B"44[
B"44[
DIM
DIM
(
(
JO
JO
(
(
IM
IM
(

(
JG
JG

B4[
B4[
DMMMMMDM
DMMMMMDM
(
(
MMDDDMMD
MMDDDMMD
(
(
MMMDDDDM
MMMDDDDM
(
(
MMDDDMMM
MMDDDMMM

BVK
BVK




HF
HF
(

(
IE
IE
(
(
DN
DN
(
(
IH
IH

 SF)4X/KB
 SF)4X/KB
(Network Address)
(Network Address)



!)V<B
!)V<B
(Node Address)
(Node Address)

/KB
/KB


#)<Y-78-0D(*^
#)<Y-78-0D(*^

6_06
6_06
 
 



V<B
V<B


#)<Y-78,6
#)<Y-78,6


Ñòa chæ IP (tt)
Ñòa chæ IP (tt)
NETWORK HOST
1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0
150 .
32 bits
32 bits
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 1 0 0 1
8 bits 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits
133 . 48 . 185 .
8 bits 8 bits 8 bits 8 bits
1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 0 1 0 1

 K<<,#)J#:4+2`22B2N
 K<<,#)J#:4+2`22B2N


B#)#:4*7#<
B#)#:4*7#<

N-ab
N-ab

 <=->I#:4+2`2
 <=->I#:4+2`2
w
w
x
x
y
y
z
z
Class A
Network ID
Network ID
Network ID
Network ID
Host ID
Host ID
Class B
Network ID
Network ID
Network ID
Network ID
Host ID

Host ID
Class C
Network ID
Network ID
Network ID
Network ID
Host ID
Host ID
Ñòa chæ IP (tt)
Ñòa chæ IP (tt)
Lôùp A
Lôùp A
•
-
-
/KB
/KB
(
(
V<B
V<B
(
(
V<B
V<B
(
(
V<B
V<B
•

`X7&
`X7&
M
M
•
/cX7&#)
/cX7&#)
M
M
-0"-.#:4
-0"-.#:4
+
+
2
2
O
O
d#"
d#"
M
M
T
T
D
D
•
F
F
O
O

eDFH,4-0/KB
eDFH,4-0/KB
•
/85eMTDU3<=
/85eMTDU3<=
->&<Y/KBf#:4
->&<Y/KBf#:4
+eF
+eF
O
O
gFeDFHgFe
gFeDFHgFe
DFG
DFG
Ñòa chæ IP (tt)
Ñòa chæ IP (tt)
NETWORK HOST HOST HOST
Class A
Class A
24 Bits
24 Bits
HOST#NETWORK#0
# Bits 1 7 24
•
 #:4+
 #:4+

B4[X7e
B4[X7e



M
M

B"44[c
B"44[c


D
D


W
W


DFG
DFG
•
CYV<B^#:4
CYV<B^#:4


+eF
+eF
FQ
FQ
gFe
gFe

DG(OOO(FDQ
DG(OOO(FDQ
•
Bh #:4+#)
Bh #:4+#)

D(M(M(M
D(M(M(M
W
W
DFG(M(M(M
DFG(M(M(M
•
Bh V<B^#:4+#)
Bh V<B^#:4+#)

L(M(M(D
L(M(M(D
W
W
L(FJJ(FJJ(FJQ
L(FJJ(FJJ(FJQ
i->
i->
/KB
/KB


DM(M(M(M
DM(M(M(M

V<B
V<B


DM(M(M(DjDM(M(M(Fjkk(DM(FJJ(FJJ(FJQ
DM(M(M(DjDM(M(M(Fjkk(DM(FJJ(FJJ(FJQ
Lôùp A (tt)
Lôùp A (tt)
Ñòa chæ IP (tt)
Ñòa chæ IP (tt)
•
-
-
/KB
/KB
(
(
/KB
/KB
(
(
V<B
V<B
(
(
V<B
V<B
•
VX7#)
VX7#)



DM
DM
•
/cFX7#)
/cFX7#)


DM
DM


d#
d#
#)
#)


M
M


T
T


D
D
•





F
F
DQ
DQ
eDG(IHQ
eDG(IHQ


/KB
/KB
Lôùp B
Lôùp B
NETWORK HOST HOST
Class B
Class B
16 Bits
16 Bits
HOST#NETWORK#0
# Bits 1 14 16
NETWORK
1
1
•
 #:4`
 #:4`


B4[FX7#)
B4[FX7#)
DM
DM

B"44[
B"44[
c
c
DFH
DFH
W
W
DED
DED
•
CYV<B^#:4`#)
CYV<B^#:4`#)
•
F
F
DG
DG
gFeGJ(JIQ
gFeGJ(JIQ
V<B
V<B
•
Bh /KB#:4`
Bh /KB#:4`


DFH(M(M(MllDED(FJJ(M(M
DFH(M(M(MllDED(FJJ(M(M
•
Bh V<B&^
Bh V<B&^

L(m(M(DllL(m(FJJ(FJQ
L(m(M(DllL(m(FJJ(FJQ
•
i->
i->


•
/KB
/KB


DFH(DM(M(M
DFH(DM(M(M
•
V<B
V<B


DFH(DM(M(DjDFH(DM(M(Fjkk(jDFH(DM(FJJ(FJQ
DFH(DM(M(DjDFH(DM(M(Fjkk(jDFH(DM(FJJ(FJQ
Lôùp B (tt)
Lôùp B (tt)


-
-


/KB
/KB
(
(
/KB
/KB
(
(
/KB
/KB
(
(
V<B
V<B

`X7#)
`X7#)
DDM
DDM

/cIX7#)
/cIX7#)


DDM

DDM


d#
d#
#)
#)


M
M


T
T


D
D





F
F
FD
FD
eF(MEO(DJF
eF(MEO(DJF

/KB
/KB
NETWORK HOST
Class C
Class C
8 Bits
8 Bits
HOST#NETWORK#0
# Bits 1 21 8
NETWORK
1
1
NETWORK
1
1
Lôùp C
Lôùp C
•
 #:4
 #:4
•
B4[IX7#)
B4[IX7#)
DDM
DDM
•
B"44[c
B"44[c
DEF
DEF

W
W
FFI
FFI
•
CYV<B^#:4#)
CYV<B^#:4#)

F
H
gFeFJQV<B
•
Bh /KB#:4
Bh /KB#:4

DEF(M(M(MllFFI(FJJ(FJJ(M
•
Bh V<B&^
Bh V<B&^

L(m(n(DllL(m(n(FJQ
•
i->
i->



/KB
/KB



FMI(DMM(DMM(M
FMI(DMM(DMM(M

V<B
V<B


FMI(DMM(DMM(DjFMI(DMM(DMM(Fjk((
FMI(DMM(DMM(DjFMI(DMM(DMM(Fjk((
Lôùp C (tt)
Lôùp C (tt)
Class B
Class B
8 Bits
8 Bits
Class C
Class C
Class A
Class A
Soỏ NetID
254
Soỏ HostID
1 126
128 191
192 223
Daừy ẹchổ
NetID
126 16.777.214
13.384 65.534

2.097.152 254
Soỏ NetID vaứ HostID trong caực lụựp
Soỏ NetID vaứ HostID trong caực lụựp
Summary
Summary


D
D
(
(
M(M(M
M(M(M






DFG
DFG
(
(
M(M(M
M(M(M
#<<+
#<<+




DFO
DFO
(
(
M(M(M
M(M(M
143/Ko3
143/Ko3



DFH(M(
DFH(M(
M(M
M(M






DED(FJJ
DED(FJJ
(
(
M(M
M(M
#<<`
#<<`




DEF(M(M(
DEF(M(M(
M
M








FFI(FJJ(FJJ(
FFI(FJJ(FJJ(
M
M


#<<
#<<



FFQ(M(M(M
FFQ(M(M(M


FQM(M(M(M#<<B\*7#<]

FQM(M(M(M#<<B\*7#<]



leFQM(M(M(M#<<N\pK<K!K-]
leFQM(M(M(M#<<N\pK<K!K-]
Caùc ñòa chæ duøng rieâng
Caùc ñòa chæ duøng rieâng

1)3 ,
1)3 ,
-0&qr22
-0&qr22
3,3W47#KK(
3,3W47#KK(

#<<+
#<<+


DM(
DM(
M(M(M
M(M(M

#<<`
#<<`


DOF(DG(

DOF(DG(
M(M
M(M




DOF(ID(
DOF(ID(
M(M
M(M

#<<
#<<
DEF(DGH(M(
DEF(DGH(M(
M
M




DEF(DGH(FJJ(
DEF(DGH(FJJ(
M
M
Broadcast Address
Broadcast Address

s75\`-<]#)!.)6<

s75\`-<]#)!.)6<
A-b#.7W85<d#
A-b#.7W85<d#
06Ko3B7K(
06Ko3B7K(

 t75aW4\-KK-
 t75aW4\-KK-
-< K<<]#) )
-< K<<]#) )
85V<B'7
85V<B'7
#)D(
#)D(

 t75>6\##-<
 t75>6\##-<
 K<<]#) )85
 K<<]#) )85
</Ko3B!)V<B'7
</Ko3B!)V<B'7
#)D(
#)D(
192.168.20.0
192.168.20.0
192.168.20.255
192.168.20.255
Directed Broadcast Address
Directed Broadcast Address
192.168.21.0

192.168.21.0

 t75>6<@T#Ap7K
 t75>6<@T#Ap7K
255.255.255.255
255.255.255.255


Local Broadcast Address
Local Broadcast Address
Stop
Stop
Ví duï : 172.16.20.200
Ví duï : 172.16.20.200

DOF(DG(FM(FMM
DOF(DG(FM(FMM


<#<<` K<<
<#<<` K<<

/Ko34
/Ko34


DOF(DG
DOF(DG

V<4

V<4


FM(FMM
FM(FMM

/Ko3 K<<
/Ko3 K<<


DOF(DG(M(M
DOF(DG(M(M

`-< K<<
`-< K<<


DOF(DG(FJJ(FJJ
DOF(DG(FJJ(FJJ
?
?
?
?



m6 4X)#)
m6 4X)#)



Ko3
Ko3
!)4X)#)
!)4X)#)
<(
<(



'7-)
'7-)
IF<
IF<
(
(



,4[)
,4[)
QK<
QK<
(
(



</Ko3'7#)
</Ko3'7#)
D

D
(
(



4XV<'7#)
4XV<'7#)
M
M
(
(



BNP+u1C7K*<3
BNP+u1C7K*<3

1:4+
1:4+
FJJ
FJJ
(
(
M(M(M
M(M(M

1:4`
1:4`
FJJ(FJJ

FJJ(FJJ
(
(
M(M
M(M

1:4
1:4
FJJ(FJJ(FJJ
FJJ(FJJ(FJJ
(
(
M
M
194. 200. 101. 101 IP address
Subnet mask255. 255. 255. 0
101.
Host ID
194. 200. 101.
Network ID
/Ko3+ K<<\ ]
/Ko3+ K<<\ ]

85A4XV<B
85A4XV<B
#)M
#)M

i->DEF(DGH(D(M#)/Ko3+ K<<
i->DEF(DGH(D(M#)/Ko3+ K<<

14`3+ K<<
14`3+ K<<

 DFO(((v5#"4
 DFO(((v5#"4
&>6\1#<]
&>6\1#<]

1#<+ K<<DFO(M(M(D
1#<+ K<<DFO(M(M(D

1#`-<\1>6]
1#`-<\1>6]

v=W85V<
v=W85V<
>6
>6

i->
i->


FJJ(FJJ(FJJ(FJJ
FJJ(FJJ(FJJ(FJJ

+##gV<<`-<\10]
+##gV<<`-<\10]

v=W85V<0

v=W85V<0
\0/KB]
\0/KB]

85AV<B#)
85AV<B#)


D
D

i->
i->
DEF(DGH(D
DEF(DGH(D
(
(
FJJ
FJJ
iU<45w
iU<45w

/t753X454[2c
/t753X454[2c
6#:4[)b
6#:4[)b

v53:2
v53:2
0,4!:U.f

0,4!:U.f


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[84t75#$(
[84t75#$(

v5@Z:4!f
v5@Z:4!f
.4t75(
.4t75(

v:4!c>T
v:4!c>T
5\35A:)1+/]
5\35A:)1+/]

x5"\<5"4
x5"\<5"4
->c]
->c]

4y44->87U37&c
4y44->87U37&c



Vì vậy cần phải phân chia thành những mạng con
Vì vậy cần phải phân chia thành những mạng con



Khi
Khi
phân chia mạng con thì những ngườI bên ngòai mạng
phân chia mạng con thì những ngườI bên ngòai mạng
(outside network) nhìn mạng chúng ta chỉ là một single
(outside network) nhìn mạng chúng ta chỉ là một single
network.
network.