*
sieve
z
A rake and the grains of rice at the bottom give us a hint of win-
nowing, which relates clearly to the meaning of a sieve. [8]
+ ,
1159
sane
d
Cave . . . sieve. [11]
1160
apprehend
Ò
Think of apprehending criminals. The elements are: sieve . . .
road. [11]
*
mop
Õ
The only thing distinguiinges a mop from a rake is the bent
handle that does not cut through the top horizontal stroke. It
depicts the swish-swash motion of a mop. [4]
P Q R S
1161
Italy
Q
Used chieµy in proper names, and given the sound “i,” this
kanji can be remembered as an abbreviation of Italy, for which
it is still used today in Japan. Its primitives: person . . . mop. [6]
1162
old boy
p

The somewhat highbrow British term of address is chosen here
to represent the kanji for a form of address used towards one’s
juniors. It is composed of: mop . . . mouth. [7]
314 Remembering the Kanji
1163
µock
s
Old boys . . . sheep. [13]
*
comb
¾
The pictograph of a comb is clearly visible in this primitive
element. [6]
/ 0 1 2 3 4
1164
-proof
Â
The key word is a suf³x used to indicate “safe from” or “pro-
tected against,” as in the words rustproof, waterproof, and
³reproof. It is composed of: comb . . . glue. [9]
1165
demand
7
The sense of demand is best captured by thinking of the eco-
nomic principle of “supply and demand.” The primitives: rain
. . . comb. [14]
1166
Confucian
0
Person . . . demand. [16]

1167
edge
2
Vase . . . mountain . . . comb. [14]
*
shovel
Ô
This enclosure—which embraces its relative primitive from the
bottom—is a pictograph of the scoop of a shovel. When room
lesson 31 315
permits, the arms are extended upwards to nearly the same
height as the relative element it holds. [2]
5 6
1168
both
X
Spike . . . belt . . . shovel. Note that the writing order follows the
order in which the primitives are given here. [6]
1169
full
F
Water . . . µowers . . . both. Given the abstract nature of this last
primitive, you may want to borrow the image from the previ-
ous frame. [12]
1170
brush-stroke
c
In forming an image for the key word, it is helpful to know that
this kanji is used for artistic representations such as completed
paintings, as well as for the number of brush-strokes in a char-

acter (as, for instance, in Indexes ii and iii at the end of this
book). Its elements are: ceiling . . . sprout . . . shovel. [8]
O P 7 8 9
1171
tooth
©
Footprint . . . rice . . . shovel. [12]
1172
bend
(
Picture yourself grabbing hold of the two strokes poking out
the top of the kanji and wrenching them apart, thus giving the
sense of bend. If you think of them as deriving from the ele-
ment for brains beneath (of course, the middle stroke has been
reduplicated and pulled out to where it can be grabbed hold
316 Remembering the Kanji
of), you can associate the key word with bending someone’s
mind to your own point of view. [6]
1173
cadet
g
This character is written in the order of its elements: one . . .
bend . . . sun. [11]
1174
encounter
}
Cadet . . . road. [14]
1175
rowing
k

Water . . . cadet. [14]
1176
vat
j
Tree . . . cadet. [15]
1177
Big Dipper
7
The Big Dipper here is of course the constellation of Ursa
Major, of which this kanji is a sort of pictographic representa-
tion. [4]
: ; = ?
* Since we already have a primitive element for a “dipper”—
namely, the ladle—we shall let this one stand for a measuring
cup. By the way, it would make a rather large one, since the
kanji is also used for a measure of about 18 liters!
1178
fee
[
Measuring cup . . . rice. [10]
lesson 31 317
1179
department

Think here of the faculty or department you entered in uni-
versity, using the elements: measuring cup . . . wheat. [9]
1180
map
o
Pent in . . . Big Dipper. Hint: among the songs dating from the

days of slavery that have become part of American folklore is
one called “Follow the Drinking Gourd.” It referred to the
nighttime travel of runaway slaves (those pent in) who had no
maps other than the stars to guide them, among them the
bright and predominant Big Dipper, the “Drinking Gourd.” [7]
1181
utilize
ä
Meat . . . walking stick. Be sure to keep this key word distinct
from that for use (frame 990). The stroke order is exactly as
you would expect it from the order of the primitive elements
as given. [5]
* As a primitive element, we shall substitute the image of a
screwdriver, perhaps the most utilized of all tools around the
house.
1182
comfortable
Ú
Cave . . . rake . . . screwdriver. [11]
1183
equip
Ä
Person . . . µowers . . . cliff . . . screwdriver. In cases like this you
can jumble up the primitive into any order that seems best for
the composition of a story, provided you feel con³dent about
the relative position that those primitives take to one another
in the completed character. [12]
318 Remembering the Kanji
Lesson 32
In this lesson we pick up a few primitives of quantity to complement those

we learned in Lesson 7, as well as some others related closely to elements
learned earlier.
*
salad
{
The element for µowers joins with the long horizontal stroke
beneath it to create the picture of a bowl of salad. [4]
1184
once upon a time
Ë
Salad . . . days. This is the character with which Japanese fairy
tales commonly begin. [8]
1185
confused
B
Metal . . . once upon a time. [16]
1186
borrow
ï
Person . . . once upon a time. [10]
1187
pity
È
State of mind . . . once upon a time. The sense of the key word
is that of a lost opportunity or bad turn of affairs, as in the
phrase “What a pity!” [11]
1188
set aside
@
Fingers . . . once upon a time. [11]

1189
scatter
_
Salad . . . µesh . . taskmaster. [12]
1190
twenty
Ô
The two tens joined at the bottom by a short line is actually the
old character for twenty, which we might as well learn since we
need its primitive form. It is written the same as salad, except
for the shorter ³nal stroke. [4]
( ) * +
*
caverns
|
The primitive for caverns differs from that for cave by the pres-
ence of the twenty, suggesting a maze of underground caves. [7]
1191
commoner
“
Caverns . . . oven ³re. [11]
1192
intercept
ì
Commoner . . . road. [14]
1193
seat
Ç
Caverns . . . towel. [10]
1194

degrees
E
This key word refers to a gradation of measurement, not to
academic diplomas. Its primitives: caverns . . . crotch. [9]
320 Remembering the Kanji
1195
transit
9
Water . . . degrees. [12]
*
haystack
;
The three needles stacked up give us a haystack (in which it
may be harder to ³nd the hay than the needles). In the rare case
in which there is nothing underneath this element, as in the
following frame, the last three strokes are written virtually the
same as two hands—that is, the second stroke sweeps down
slightly to the left. [5]
@ A B
1196
bustle
ú
The hustle and bustle of this character is depicted by a St.
Bernard dog and a haystack. [8]
1197
erupt
a
Mouth . . . haystack . . . clams. [15]
1198
tomb

b
Soil . . . haystack . . . clams. In order not to confuse this kanji
with that for a grave (frame 231), something like the image of
an Egyptian tomb should be adopted for its special connota-
tions. [15]
1199
aroused
c
State of mind . . . haystack . . . clams. [15]
lesson 32 321
*
straw man
#
The two human legs added to the haystack (with the horizontal
stroke to keep the two parts distinct from one another and
avoid an ugly tangle) give us a straw man. [8]
Ã Ä Å
1200
bake
Ï
Hearth . . . straw man. Take care to distinguish this kanji from
cook (frame 468) and burn (frame 510) when you compose
your story. [12]
1201
daybreak
$
Sun . . . straw man. [12]
1202
half
}

Although the writing order is different, one can remember the
appearance of this character by seeing it as a little needle—the
kind used for splitting hairs in half. (Again, according to rule,
little takes a stroke beneath it in order to be placed over an ele-
ment that has no horizontal line at the top.) [5]
¬ − ° ± ²
1203
consort
{
Person . . . half. [7]
1204
paddy ridge
‘
Rice ³eld . . . half. The key word here refers to the ridges that
rise up between the sections of a rice paddy. [10]
322 Remembering the Kanji
1205
judgment
|
Half . . . saber. You might recall the famous judgment of King
Solomon, who offered to slice a baby in two with a saber to give
half to each of the mothers who claimed it as her own. [7]
*
quarter
}
This character simply splits the vertical stroke of a half in half
once again, to get a quarter. In so doing, it spreads the split
stroke out to form a sort of enclosure under which its main rel-
ative primitive will be placed. It can be used either in its sub-
stantive or verbal meaning. [6]

C D E
1206
ticket
Ã
Quarter . . . dagger. [8]
1207
scroll
ñ
Quarter . . . snake. The key word refers to a manuscript rolled
up into a scroll, not to a hanging scroll (frame 407). [9]
1208
sphere
Æ
This key word refers to a realm or orbit, not to a ball. Its ele-
ments: pent in . . . scroll. [12]
1209
victory
§
Moon . . . quarter . . . muscle. [12]
lesson 32 323
1210
wisteria
n
Flower . . . moon . . . quarter . . . rice grains. [18]
1211
facsimilie
p
Moon . . . quarter . . . words. [17]
1212
one-sided

‰
This kanji is based on the pictograph of a tree with some
branches going upwards and others hanging down, split right
down the middle. When that picture’s right side is isolated, it
becomes the kanji for one-sided, in the sense of only one part
of a whole. [4]
F G H I
1213
printing block
Š
Although this character also carries the sense of an “edition” of
a publication, the elements, one-sided and anti-, more readily
suggest its other meaning of a printing block. [8]
1214
of
î
This character is now used chieµy in proper names, and is best
learned as the character closest to the hiragana N, though in
fact it has no relation to it. [3]
* In order to give this kanji a more concrete meaning when it
is used as a primitive element, think of it as referring to build-
ing blocks with the hiragana written on them, much the same
as the A-B-C blocks you played with as a child.
324 Remembering the Kanji
1215
destitution
Ò
Drop of . . . building blocks. [4]
1216
turf

Ü
Flowers . . . building blocks. [6]
1217
negative
#
You may play with the primitives of this kanji as you wish
(ceiling . . . person . . . a drop of), but you will probably ³nd that
its simplicity, and its frequency, make it easy to remember just
as it is. [4]
T U V W
1218
negate
§
Negative . . . mouth. [7]
1219
cupfuls
3
Tree . . . negative. [8]
lesson 32 325
Lesson 33
We turn now to the weapons that remain to be examined. To the saber, the
dagger, and the arrow, we add three more primitives to complete the list: the
spear, the snare, and the slingshot.
1220
dart
¢
When shot high into the heavens, the dart gets so small it looks
like a mere drop. Although this character could as well mean
“arrow,” it has no connection with the primitive of that mean-
ing. Hence the new key word. [5]

1221
rectify
ó
Dart . . . angel. Compare your stories for correct (frame 379),
revise (frame 339), and reformation (frame 528). [17]
1222
tribe
Ÿ
Banner . . . dart. [11]
1223
know
F
Dart . . . mouth. [8]
1224
wisdom
J
Know . . . sun. [12]
1225
halberd
^
The halberd’s battle-ax head and long shaft are depicted here.
Take care with the number and order of the strokes. [5]
J K L M N
1226
tender
]
Halberd . . . tree. [9]
1227
task
Y

Halberd . . . taskmaster . . . muscle. [11]
1228
fog
_
Weather/rain . . . task. [19]
*
spear
‚
This weapon, which has the appearance of the long saber but is
drawn slightly differently, depicts a spear. It appears only
rarely—in this book, only twice, and both instances are given
in the following frames. [2]
1229
squad
Œ
Spear . . . two balls. [10]
1230
homecoming
o
Spear . . . broom . . . apron. The character for lady (frame 1151)
shares the same right side as this character, which does not
bode for a very happy homecoming. [10]
1231
bow
¸
This character pictures the bent wooden bow. Later we will
learn how to make the bowstring that goes with it (frame 1386).
lesson 33 327
If you stretch this character out and see the indentation on the
left as its handle, the pictography should be clearer. [3]

— ˜ ™
1232
pull
…
Bow . . . walking stick. [4]
1233
condolences
{
A bow . . . wrapped around a walking stick. [4]
1234
vast
e
Bow . . . elbow. [5]
1235
strong
è
Vast . . . insect. Note how the elbow of vast is shrunken and ele-
vated to make room for the insect beneath. [11]
1236
weak
ú
Two bows . . with ice on them. [10]
*
dollar sign
X
Composed of two walking sticks running through a bow, this
character is infrequent as a primitive, and yet easy to remem-
ber for what it looks like (which is also what the Japanese
adopted it to mean in days gone by): the dollar sign, $. When
it is written under another element, the ³rst vertical stroke is

abbreviated to a short “tail” as the ³nal stroke, and the second
vertical stroke is cut off at the top. Examples follow in frames
1239 and 1240. [5]
328 Remembering the Kanji
Q R S T U
1237
seethe
Z
Water . . . dollar sign. [8]
1238
expense
¾
Dollar sign . . . shells/money. [12]
1239
No.
Ù
The key word No. is the abbreviation for “number.” Its ele-
ments: bamboo . . . dollar sign. [11]
1240
younger brother
Ô
Horns . . . dollar sign. [7]
*
snare
!
The simple snare composed of a piece of vine and a bent twig
is depicted here as a sort of abbreviation of the bow, to which
it is related. [2]
V W
1241

adroit
_
Craft . . . snare. [5]
1242
nickname
¦
Mouth . . . snare. [5]
lesson 33 329
1243
decay
»
Tree . . . snare. Do not confuse with rot (frame 1023). [6]
1244
boast
*
Words . . . St. Bernard dog . . . ceiling . . . snare. [13]
1245
dirty
ë
Water . . . spike . . . snare. Take care: the writing does not fol-
low the order of the primitives exactly. [6]
X Y Z
*
slingshot
ƒ
The slingshot differs from the snare by virtue of the ³rst stroke,
which you may take as the strip of rubber you pull back on, to
make the slingshot sling. [2]
ÿ [
1246

bestow
Ò
Slingshot . . . one. Later we shall learn the character for give
(frame 1897). But already here we can take care to distinguish
this key word from impart (frame 736) and grant (frame
1052). [3]
[ ]
1247
copy
á
Crown . . . bestow. [5]
330 Remembering the Kanji
Lesson 34
Although we still have a number of primitives left relating to human activi-
ties, we may at this point pick up what remain of those having to do speci³cally
with people and parts of the human body.
1248
somebody
X
The key word somebody was chosen to convey the double
meaning of this kanji: body and person. Its composition is
based on the nose (which, you will recall, is also the kanji for
oneself). The extension of the bottom and far right strokes of
that element, together with the unusual diagonal stroke, forms
the pictograph of somebody with a prominent paunch. [7]
^ _ ` a b c d
1249
shoot
â
“I shot an arrow into the air, And it landed I know not where”

goes the poem. (The poor poet obviously loses a lot of arrows.)
This kanji, however, tells us where it did land. Its elements:
somebody . . . glued to. [10]
1250
apologize
ê
Words . . . shoot. [17]
1251
old man
¾
First, do not confuse this character with venerable old man
(frame 786), which is far more rarely used. The character for
an old man begins with an abbreviation of the character for
somebody, the nose having been shortened into a simple criss-
cross of lines. But there is another, simpler way to remember it
all: the soil drawn ³rst indicates that one has come close to the
age when “dust to dust” begins to take on a personal meaning;
the diagonal walking stick for getting around; and the spoon for
being spoon-fed. [6]
e f g
* As a primitive, the meaning is the same, but the ³nal two
strokes are omitted so that they can be replaced with other
elements: µ.
1252
consider
†
Old man . . . slingshot. Remember: you already have kanji for
discriminating (frame 482), deliberation (frame 642), and
think (frame 605). [6]
1253

³lial piety
[
Old man . . . child. [7]
1254
teach
î
Filial piety . . . taskmaster. [11]
1255
torture
©
Fingers . . . consider. [9]
1256
someone
é
Old man . . . sun. This key word looks to be dif³cult because of
its proximity to somebody, but in fact it is a very common kanji
that will cause you no dif³culty at all. At any rate, its meaning
should be seen as the human referent for the abstract noun
“something.” [8]
* As a primitive it means a puppet-on-a-string.
332 Remembering the Kanji
1257
boil
æ
Puppet . . . oven ³re. [12]
1258
renowned
q
Flowers . . . puppet. [11]
1259

signature
•
Eye . . . puppet. [13]
1260
sultry
Œ
The key word refers to the heat of summer. Its elements: sun
. . . puppet. [12]
1261
various
™
Words . . . puppet. Do not confuse with miscellaneous (frame
562). [15]
1262
boar
o
Pack of wild dogs . . . puppet. [11]
1263
strand
’
The strand referred to here is the stretch of land along a beach
or shoreline. Its elements are: water . . . puppet. [11]
1264
gamble
=
Shells/money . . . puppet. [15]
lesson 34 333
*
scissors
„

This primitive is based on that for husband. The two extra
strokes represent a pair of scissors he is carrying around. [6]
h i j k
1265
gorge
ç
Mountain . . . scissors. [9]
1266
cramped
ò
Pack of wild dogs . . . scissors. [9]
1267
sandwiched
í
Fingers . . . scissors. Do not confuse with the kanji for pinch
(frame 657). [9]
*
maestro
…
To go with this primitive meaning, you might picture a
tuxedo-clad maestro waving his baton about wildly. The baton
is seen in the drop at the top. And the two boxes attached to
the long vertical stroke may represent his tuxedo tails, if you
wish. [6]
l m n o p q
1268
chase
«
Maestro . . . road. [9]
334 Remembering the Kanji

1269
expert
‚
Maestro . . . ceiling . . . towel. [10]
1270
commander
t
Maestro . . . towel. [9]
1271
bureaucrat
ö
By replacing the maestro’s baton (the drop) with the roof of a
house, we have his equivalent in the institutional world of big
government: the bureaucrat. [8]
1272
cof³n
&
Wood . . . of³cial. [12]
1273
pipe
5
Bamboo . . . of³cial. [14]
1274
father
5
The kindness and hard work of the ideal father is seen in this
abbreviation of the taskmaster that leaves off his rod or whip
(the ³rst stroke) and replaces it with the sweat of the father’s
brow (the two drops at the top). [4]
r s t u

1275
mingle
H
Top hat . . . father. [6]
lesson 34 335
1276
merit
P
Mingle . . . power. Note the distinct connotations that separate
merit from achievement (frame 863). [8]
1277
contrast
º
Cars . . . mingle. [13]
1278
exam
p
Tree . . . mingle. [10]
1279
leg
˜
Mouth . . . mending. Note that the last stroke of mouth and the
³rst of mending overlap. [7]
* As a primitive on the left, it is amended to m. Its meaning
remains leg, but should be thought of as a wooden leg in order
to avoid confusion with other similar elements, namely
human legs, animal legs, and walking legs.
1280
stimulate
Œ

Person . . . leg. [9]
1281
long-distance
Ò
Wooden leg . . . gigantic. [12]
1282
path
−
Wooden leg . . . each. [13]
336 Remembering the Kanji
1283
dew
°
Rain . . . path. [21]
1284
hop
–
Wooden leg . . . portent. [13]
1285
leap
¨
Wooden leg . . . feathers . . . turkey. [21]
1286
tread
)
Wooden leg . . . parade µoat. [13]
1287
step
r
The meaning of this character is virtually identical with that of

the last frame. Be sure to come up with distinct connotations
suggested by phrases in which each is commonly used. Wooden
leg . . . water . . . sun. [15]
1288
skeleton
¿
This kanji and primitive refers to the part of the body composed
of the bones and their joints. The top part of the kanji, termi-
nating in the element for crown, is a pictograph of a bone joint.
I leave it to you to put the pieces together, so to speak. [10]
v w x y z {
1289
slippery
Ñ
Water . . . skeleton. [13]
lesson 34 337
1290
marrow
†
Skeleton . . . possess . . . road. [19]
*
jawbone
‚
The meaning of this primitive is taken from the combination
of “the joint” above and the mouth in the cowl below. [9]
X Y Z [ ] ^ _
1291
calamity
L
Altar . . . jawbone. [13]

1292
whirlpool
¢
Water . . . jawbone. [12]
1293
overdo
[
Jawbone . . . road. [12]
338 Remembering the Kanji