Vocabulary general 2 pptx
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CERTAIN
OR
CURTAIN
certain
or
curtain
CERTAIN
means sure.
Are
you
CERTAIN
that
he
apologised?
CURTAINS
are
window drapes.
Do
draw
the
CURTAINS.
Note
that
the c
sounds like
s in
certain
and
like
k in
curtain.
See
SOFT
c
AND
SOFT
G.
changeable
(not
-gable)
See
SOFT
c
AND
SOFT
G.
chaos
chaotic
character
(not
charachter)
chateau/chateau
(singular) chateaux
or
chateaux (plural)
See
FOREIGN PLURALS.
check
or
cheque?
Use
these exemplar sentences
as a
guide:
Always
CHECK
your work.
May
I pay by
CHEQUE?
(not
'check'
as in the
United
States)
cherub
(singular)
This
word
has two
plurals.
Cherubim
is
reserved exclusively
for the
angels
often
portrayed
as
little children with wings.
Cherubs
can be
used either
for
angels
or for
enchanting small children.
chestnut
(not
chesnut,
as it is
often
mispronounced)
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t
t
t
CHORD
OR
CORD?
chief
(singular) chiefs (plural)
See
PLURALS
(v).
childish
or
childlike?
The
teenager
was
rebuked
by the
magistrate
for his
CHILDISH
behaviour,
(i.e.
which
he
should
have
outgrown)
The
grandfather
has
retained
his
sense
of
CHILDLIKE
wonder
at the
beauty
of the
natural
world,
(i.e. marvellously direct, innocent
and
enthusiastic)
chimney
(singular) chimneys (plural)
See
PLURALS
(iii).
chior
Wrong spelling.
See
CHOIR.
chocolate
(not
choclat although
often
mispronounced
as
such)
choice
(not
-se)
choir
(not
-io-)
choose
I
CHOOSE
my
words
carefully.
I
am
CHOOSING
my
words
carefully.
I
CHOSE
my
words
carefully
yesterday.
I
have
CHOSEN
them
carefully.
chord
or
cord?
CHORD
is
used
in a
mathematical
or
musical
context.
CORD
refers
to
string
and is
generally used
when
referring
to
anatomical parts like
the
umbilical cord,
spinal
cord
and
vocal cords.
Note-,
you
will occasionally
see
CHORD
used instead
of
CORD
in a
medical context
but it
seems very old-
fashioned
now.
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CHRISTIANITY
Christianity
(not
Cr-)
Christinas
(not
Cristmas
or
Chrismas)
chronic
(not
cr-)
This
word
is
often
misused.
It
doesn't
mean terrible
or
serious.
It
means long-lasting, persistent,
when
applied
to an
illness.
chrysanthemum
(not
cry-)
chrystal
Wrong spelling.
See
CRYSTAL.
cieling
Wrong spelling.
See
CEILING.
cigarette
(not
-rr)
cite,
sight
or
site?
To
CITE
means
to
refer
to.
SIGHT
is
vision
or
something seen.
A
SITE
is
land, usually
set
aside
for a
particular
purpose.
clarity
See
AMBIGUITY.
clothes
or
cloths?
CLOTHES
are
garments.
CLOTHS
are
dusters
or
scraps
of
material.
coarse
or
course?
COARSE
means vulgar, rough:
COARSE
language,
COARSE
cloth.
COURSE
means certainly:
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COLONEL
OR
KERNEL?
OF
COURSE
COURSE
also means
a
series
of
lectures,
a
direction,
a
sports area,
and
part
of a
meal:
an
advanced
COURSE
to
change
COURSE
a
golf
COURSE
the
main
COURSE
codeine
(not
-ie-)
colander
(not
-ar)
collaborate
collaborated,
collaborating
collaborator
collaboration
collapse
collapsed, collapsing
collapsible
(not
-able)
colleagues
collective nouns
See
NOUNS.
college
(not
colledge)
colloquial
collossal
Wrong
spelling.
See
COLOSSAL.
colonel
or
kernel?
A
COLONEL
is a
senior
officer.
A
KERNEL
is the
inner part
of a
nut.
47
COLONS
colons
(i)
Colons
can
introduce
a
list:
Get
your ingredients together:
flour,
sugar, dried
fruit,
butter
and
milk.
Note that
a
summing-up
word
should always
precede
the
colon (here
'ingredients').
(ii)
Colons
can
precede
an
explanation
or
amplification
of
what
has
gone before:
The
teacher
was
elated:
at
last
the
pupils were
gaining
in
confidence.
Note
that what precedes
the
colon must always
be
able
to
stand
on its own
grammatically.
It
must
be a
sentence
in its own
right.
(iii)
Colons
can
introduce dialogue
in a
play:
Henry
(with some embarrassment):
It's
all my
fault.
(iv)
Colons
can be
used instead
of a
comma
to
introduce direct speech:
Henry
said, with some embarrassment:
'It's
all
my
fault.'
(v)
Colons
can
introduce quotations:
Donne closes
the
poem
with
the
moving tribute:
'Thy
firmness
makes
my
circle
just
And
makes
me end
where
I
began.'
(vi)
Colons
can
introduce examples
as in
this
reference
book.
Compare
SEMICOLONS.
colossal
(not
-11-)
48
t
COMMAS
colour
(not
color,
as in
American
English)
colourful
comemorate
Wrong spelling.
See
COMMEMORATE.
comfortable
(four
syllables,
not
three)
coming
come
+ ing =
coming (not comming)
See
ADDING ENDINGS (ii).
comission
Wrong spelling.
See
COMMISSION.
commands
(i)
Direct commands,
if
expressed emphatically,
require
an
exclamation mark:
Stop,
thief!
Put
your hands
up!
Stop
talking!
If
expressed calmly
and
conversationally,
however,
a
full
stop
is
sufficient:
Just
wait there
a
moment
and
I'll
be
with you.
Tell
me
your story once again.
(ii)
Reported commands (indirect commands) never
need
an
exclamation mark because, when they
are
reported, they become statements.
He
ordered
the
thief
to
stop.
She
told
him to put his
hands
up.
The
teacher yelled
at the
class
to
stop talking.
commas
Commas
are so
widely misused that
it is
worth
discussing
their
function
in
some detail.
First,
let us
make
it
very clear when commas
cannot
be
used.
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