F và những lỗi thường gặp4 doc
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three-quarters
five-ninths
(iii) Hyphens
are
used
to
join compound words
so
that they become
one
word:
my
son-in-law
a
twenty-pound note
her
happy-go-lucky smile
You
will sometimes need
to
check
in a
dictionary whether
a
word
is
hyphenated
or
not.
Sometimes
words
written
separately
in a
ten-
year-old
dictionary will
be
hyphenated
in a
more
modern one; sometimes words hyphenated
in an
older dictionary will
now be
written
as one
word.
Is
it
washing machine
or
washing-machine,
wash-basin
or
washbasin, print-out
or
printout?
Such
words need
to be
checked individually.
(iv)
Hyphens
are
used with some prefixes:
co-author,
ex-wife, anti-censorship
Check
individual words
in a
dictionary
if you are
in
doubt.
Always
use a
hyphen when
you are
using
a
prefix
before
a
word
that begins with
a
capital
letter:
pro-British,
anti-Christian, un-American
Sometimes
a
hyphen
is
used
for the
sake
of
clarity.
There
is a
difference
in
meaning between
the
words
in
these
pairs:
re-cover
and
recover
re-form
and
reform
co-respondent
and
correspondent
(v)
Hyphens
are
also used
to
indicate
a
range
of
figures or
dates:
109
HYPHENS
HYPOCRISY
There
were
12-20
people
in the
room.
He
was
killed
in the
1914
- 18
war.
hypocrisy
(not
-asy)
hypocrite
hypocritical
See
HYPERCRITICAL
OR
HYPOCRITICAL?.
hypothermia
See
HYPERTHERMIA
OR
HYPOTHERMIA?.
hypothesis
(singular)
hypotheses
(plural)
See
FOREIGN
PLURALS.
hypoventilate
See
HYPERVENTILATE
OR
HYPOVENTILATE?.
110
I/me/myself
These three
words
are
pronouns
and
cause
a
great
deal
of
confusion.
(i)
Most
people
use the
pronoun
T
correctly when
it
is
used
on its
own:
I
love cats.
I
like chocolate.
I mow the
lawn every Sunday.
I am
trying
to
lose weight.
I
have
two
sisters.
Confusion
generally arises with phrases like
'my
husband
and
I'
and
'my
husband
and
me'.
Which
should
it be?
The
simplest method
is to
break
the
sentence
into
two and see
whether
T or
'me'
sounds
right:
My
husband likes chocolate.
I
like chocolate.
MY
HUSBAND
AND I
like
chocolate.
(ii)
Most
people
use the
pronoun
'me'
correctly
when
it is
used
on its
own:
The
burglar threatened
ME.
It
was
given
to ME.
Once again confusion arises when
a
pair
is
involved.
The
advice remains
the
same. Break
the
sentence into
two and see
whether
T or
'me'
sounds right:
The
burglar threatened
my
husband.
The
burglar threatened
ME.
The
burglar threatened
MY
HUSBAND
AND ME.
It
was
given
to my
husband.
n
111
-IBLE
It
was
given
to ME.
It was
given
to MY
HUSBAND
AND ME.
(iii)
The
pronoun
'myself
has two
distinct
functions.
It
can be
used
in
constructions like this where
it
is
essential
to the
sense:
I
cut
MYSELF
yesterday.
I
did it by
MYSELF.
It
can be
used
to
help emphasise
a
point.
In
these cases,
it can be
omitted without changing
the
overall sense:
I'll wrap
the
parcel
MYSELF.
MYSELF,
I
would disagree.
'Myself
should never
be
used
as a
substitute
for T
or
'me'.
My
friend
and
myself
had a
wonderful time
in
Austria.
My
friend
and I had a
wonderful time.
They presented
my
brother
and
myself with
a
silver
cup.
They
presented
my
brother
and me
with
a
silver
cup.
This
is
from
Henry
and
myself.
This
is
from
Henry
and me.
-ible
See
-ABLE/-IBLE.
idea
or
ideal?
Bristolians
have particular
difficulty
distinguishing
between these
two
because
of the
intrusive Bristol
T.
These exemplar sentences should help:
Your
IDEA
is
brilliant.
This
is an
IDEAL
spot
for a
picnic.
His
IDEALS
prevent
him
from
eating meat.
112
IMPLY
OR
INFER?
idiosyncrasy
(not -cy)
-ie-
See
EI/IE
SPELLING
RULE.
illegible
or
ineligible?
ILLEGIBLE
= not
able
to be
read
INELIGIBLE
= not
properly
qualified
illusion
See
ALLUSION, DELUSION
OR
ILLUSION?.
imaginary
or
imaginative?
IMAGINARY
=
existing only
in the
imagination
IMAGINATIVE
=
showing
or
having
a
vivid
imagination,
being creative, original
imformation
Wrong spelling.
See
INFORMATION.
immediately
(not
immeadiately
or
immediatly)
immense
immensely
(not
immensly)
immigrant
See
EMIGRANT
OR
IMMIGRANT?.
imminent
See
EMINENT,
OR
IMMINENT?.
immoral
See
AMORAL
OR
IMMORAL?.
implicit
See
EXPLICIT
OR
IMPLICIT?.
imply
or
infer?
To
IMPLY
something
is to
hint
at it:
She
IMPLIED
that there were strong moral objections
to his
appointment
but
didn't
say so in so
many words.
113
IMPOSSIBLE
To
INFER
is to
draw
a
conclusion:
Am
I to
INFER
from
what
you say
that
he is
unsuitable
for the
post?
impossible
(not
-able)
imposter/impostor
Both
spellings
are
correct.
The
second form
(-or)
is,
however, more common.
impractical
or
impracticable?
IMPRACTICAL
=
could
be
done
but not
worth
doing
IMPRACTICABLE
=
incapable
of
being
done
incidentally
incidental
+
ly
(not incidently)
incredible
(not
-able)
indefensible
(not
-able)
indelible
(not
-able)
independence
(not
-ance)
independent
(not
-ant)
index
(singular) indexes
or
indices (plural)
See
FOREIGN PLURALS.
See
INDEXES
OR
INDICES?.
indexes
or
indices?
Both
are
acceptable plural
forms
of
'index'
but
they
are
used
differently.
Use
INDEXES
to
refer
to
alphabetical lists
of
references
in
books.
114
