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Vật liệu cơ khí part 10 potx

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*?@A"
KK


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r
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5UU~
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/


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
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5UN

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5~5ˆ

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55
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
*?@A"
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55
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=F= / FL

=UL LLFU

=FU /
FL5

5„„ LBFU

=FU / FLB


5„ LBFU

=UFU /
FLˆ

5ˆ= LBFU

=UFU / FˆU

5Lˆ LBFU

5„F= /
Fˆ

5LU LBFU

5„FU / Fˆ5

5B5 L=FU

5ˆFU /
FˆB

5=L L=FU

5ˆFU / Fˆˆ

5= L5F=


5LF= /
F„U

555 L5FU

5LFU / F„

5ˆ LF=

5BFU /
F„5

5 LFU

5=F= / F„B

5B LFU

5=FU /
F„ˆ

5U LFU

55FU / FUU

5= LFU

55FU /
FU


5U„ LFU

5FU / FU5

5U5 LFU

5FU /
FUB

„ˆ LFU

5FU / FUˆ

„ LFU

5FU /
FU

ˆˆ LFU

5FU / F

ˆ LFU

5FU /
F5

Lˆ LFU

5UFU / FB


L LUF=

5UFU /
Fˆ

Bˆ LUFU

„F= / FU

B LUFU

„FU /
F

=„ LUFU

„FU / F5

=5 B„ ˆFU /
FB

=U B„FU

ˆFU / Fˆ

5= B„FU

LF= /
FU


5 B„FU

LFU / F

L BˆF=

BF= /
F5

 BˆFU

BFU / FB

„ BˆFU

BFU /
Fˆ

= BˆFU

=FU / F5U

 BˆFU

=FU /
F5

L BLF=


5F= / F55

 BLFU

5FU /
F5B

U„ BLFU

F= / F5ˆ

UB BLFU

FU /
F=U

U BLFU

FU / F=

„ˆ BLFU

FU /
F=5

„= BBFU

F= / F=B

„ BˆFU


BFU /
F=ˆ

ˆˆ BBFU

FU / FBU

ˆ= BBFU

UFU /
FB

ˆ BBFU

UF= / FB5

Lˆ BBFU

„FU /
FBB

L= B=FU

„F= / FBˆ

L B=FU

ˆFU /
FLU


B„ B=FU

ˆFU / FL

BB B=FU

ˆFU /
DR!" DR!"


*?@A"
KK


,.
t†U
6†UUU(

u.h
[Wd"W
8?<"
u.
h
[
Wd"W
: 
,.
t†U
6†UUU(


u.h
[Wd"W
8?<"
u.
h
[
Wd"W
: 
"* "*D?@
"
8
G
[F

,]
I%*R
!"
4
‡
6†BU
(

6†=
U(


6†UU
(
D?@

"
8
G
[F

,]
I%*R
!"
4
‡
6†BU
(

6†=
U(


6†UU
(
FL5

B B5FU

LFU / FLB

BU B5FU

LFU /
FLˆ


=L B5FU

BFU / FˆU

== B5FU

BFU /
Fˆ

= BF=

=F= / Fˆ5

5„ BFU

=FU /
FˆB

5B BFU

=FU / Fˆˆ

55 BFU

5F= /
F„U

5 BFU

FU / F„


„ BFU

FU /
F„5

B BFU

F= / F„B

B BFU

BFU /
F„ˆ

 BFU

FU / 5FUU

 BFU

UFU /
5FU

B BF=

F= / 5FU5

5 BF=


F= /
5FUB

 BFU

FU / 5FUˆ

„ BFU

UFU /
5FU

L BFU

UFU / 5F

= BF=

„F= /
5F5

 BFU

„FU / 5FB

 BUFU

„FU /
5Fˆ


U„ BUFU

ˆF= / 5FU

UL BUFU

ˆFU /
5F

U5 BUFU

/ „5FU 5F5

U =„FU

/ „FU
5FB

UU =„FU

/ „FU 5Fˆ

„ˆ =ˆF=

/ „FU
5FU

„L =ˆFU

/ „FU 5F


„= =ˆFU

/ „FU
5F5

„ =ˆFU

/ „FU 5FB

„ =ˆFU

/ „FU
5Fˆ

ˆ„ =LFU

/ „FU 5F5U

ˆL =LFU

/ „FU
5F5

ˆ= =BF=

/ „UF= 5F55

ˆ5 =BFU


/ „UF=
5F5B

ˆ =BFU

/ ˆ„FU 5F5ˆ

ˆU =BFU

/ ˆ„FU
5F=U

L„ =UFU

/ ˆˆFU 5F=

LL =BFU

/ ˆˆFU
5F=5

L5 ==FU

/ ˆLFU 5F=B

L ==FU

/ ˆLFU
5F=ˆ


L ==FU

/ ˆLFU 5FBU

LU ==FU

/ ˆBFU
5FB

B„ ==FU

/ ˆBFU 5FB5

BL ==FU

/ ˆ=FU
5FBB

BB =5FU

/ ˆ=FU 5FBˆ

B5 =F=

/ ˆ=FU
5FLU

B =FU

/ ˆ5FU 5FL


B =FU

/ ˆ5FU
5FL5

=„ =FU

/ ˆFU 5FLB

=ˆ =FU

/ ˆFU
5FLˆ

=L =FU

/ ˆFU 5FˆU

=B =FU

/ ˆFU
5Fˆ

=5 =FU

/ ˆFU 5Fˆ5

= / / ˆFU



*?@A"
KK


5FˆB

= =FU

/ ˆFU 5Fˆˆ

=U =FU

/ ˆUFU
5F„U

5„ =FU

/ ˆUFU 5F„

5ˆ =FU

/ L„FU
5F„5

5B =UFU

/ LˆFU 5F„B

5= =UFU


/ LˆFU
5F„ˆ

55 =UFU

/ LˆFU =FUU

5 =UFU

/ LLFU
=FU

5 / / LLFU =FU5

5U / / LLFU
=FUB

„ / / LB =FUˆ

ˆ / / LB
=FU

L / / = =F

= / / L5
=F5

5 / / L5 =FB


 / / L
=Fˆ

 / / L =FU

 / / L
=F

„ / / L =F5

ˆ / / L
=FB

L / / L =Fˆ

B / / L
=FU

B / / LU =F

= / / LU
=F5

5 / / B„ =FB

 / / B„
DR!" DR!"
,.
t†U
6†UUU(


u.h
[Wd"W
8?<"
u.
h
[
Wd"W
: 
,.
t†U
6†UUU(

u.h
[Wd"W
8?<"
u.
h
[
Wd"W
: 
"* "*D?@
"
8
G
[F

,]
I%*R
!"

4
‡
6†BU
(

6†=
U(


6†UU
(
D?@
"
8
G
[F

,]
I%*R
!"
4
‡
6†BU
(

6†=
U(


6†UU

(
=Fˆ

 / / Bˆ =F5U

 / / Bˆ
=F5

„ / / Bˆ =F55

„ / / BL
=F5B

ˆ / / BL =F5ˆ

L / / BB
=F=U

B / / B= =F=

= / / B=
=F=5

5 / / B5 =F=B

 / / B5
=F=ˆ

 / / B =FBU


 / / B
=FB

U / / B =FB5

U„ / / B
=FBB

U„ / / B =FBˆ

Uˆ / / BU
=FLU

UL / / =„ =FL

UL / / =„
=FL5

UB / / =„ =FLB

U= / / =ˆ
=FLˆ

U5 / / =ˆ =FˆU

U / / =L
=Fˆ

U / / =B =Fˆ5


U / / =B
=FˆB

U / / =B =Fˆˆ

U / / ==
=F„U

„„ / / =5 =F„

„ˆ / / =5


*?@A"
KK


=F„5

„ˆ / / =5 =F„B

„L / / =
BFUU

„B / / = BFU=

„5 / / =
BFU

„ / / 5„ BF=


„U / / 5ˆ
BFU

ˆL / / 5B BF=

ˆ= / / 55
BFU

ˆ / / 5 BF5U

ˆ / / 5
BF=U

L„ / / „ BFBU

LL / / L


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KK


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O ,
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: k 

σ
σσ
σ


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σ
σσ
σ


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σ
σσ
σ



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σ
σσ
σ


1O D"2

: \ 
 5
152

U

†ˆU÷ˆU
U


U

Wk†ˆBU÷ˆˆU
U

l,?@""R?`

U
,
†=5U÷=BU

U
ˆU÷
UU
U

=U/
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ˆUU =ˆU  ˆUU U/
=U
5> 3 
15>a : 2



/
u
Wk/u 
K!Y
*?C
kl,‚γ
#
•‹YN,w

U

†ˆU÷ˆU
U


U


Wk†ˆU÷ˆ5U
U
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U
,
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U

ˆU÷UU
U
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=5/
=B
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ˆU
 5152


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K!Y


U

†ˆBU÷ˆˆU
U



U

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U
,
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L

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KK


5> 3 
15>a : 2

kl,‚γ
#
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U

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U
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U
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U
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B=U =U ˆ 5=U ˆU/
U
 '>1'>2


U

†„UU÷„U
U
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U

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U
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?`

U

,
†ˆU÷UU
U
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=ˆ/
BU
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LU
6 O

16a Γ
ΓΓ
Γ
2
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 
K!Y

kl

,
‚γ
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•‹Yl
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‚w
l

K!X…≈

÷F…

U

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U
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U

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U
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,
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U
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B
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UU


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KK



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=-
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bDP k€
v5N
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p&E


5ˆU

UFˆ/
UF

UF=~UFLU


F=~FL=
2
UF~UFl




8
0UFˆ=~UF„=…1FUFB~F


FUU
U
F"R"8"8
u

≥=ˆ

/
v5N
&B'*'
&E
ˆBU UFˆ~
UF
UFL~UF„U

UF5~UFB, 
8
FFU~FL
F#5U/=U
U
FuFˆU~„U
U



≥=ˆ

ˆ/=
v5N

0g
*'BM
Sn4

U/
4
5Uˆ
=U
U5
UFL/
UF
UF=/
UFU
UFL/
UF
UF„/
UF=
F5=~
FU=
UFL~UF„
UFL~UF„
F=~
FB=
/
UF~UFl

UFL~UF„,
/
2
8F
UFˆ~UF_F#FB=
U
_uF
U=
U

2
8F
UF=~UFL=_F#Fˆ=
U
_uF
U=
U

2
8F
UF5~UF=_F#F=U/LU
U
_
uBU
U


8F
UFB~UFL=_F#F==
U

_uF
ˆU
U

=/BU
—=ˆ
=„/B
=ˆ/BU
ˆ~5B
~5U
5U~5=
=/U


*?@A"
KK


UFL/
UF

UF=/UF

UF5=/UFB=


UFBU~
UF„=

v5N14

&*
+ 
M*':
B'4

5BU

ˆBL~
4


ˆBU

5Uˆ

U5

N. b,H

N. b,H

N. b,H
FB=~FU2
UFU~UFl

UF=~UFB=
,
UF=~UFL=
2
UF=~UF=

l

8F
F5/F5_F#F5=
U
_uF
„U
U
uF„U
U


8F
FU~F5_F#F5=
U
_uF
BU
U




8F
FFU~FU_F#F5
U
_uF
U
U
0W]*R"1_uF=U
U



8F
FFU~FU0F5~F5
*R"1FF#F=5~BU
U
FuFˆU
U


8F
FUFB~FU_F#F=5/BU
U
_uF
ˆU
U






≥=ˆ

/
/



/


/
/

×